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Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (1 of 10)
Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (1 of 10) 1 Patient presents w/ sore throat 2 EVALUATION Yes EXPERT Are there signs of REFERRAL complication? No 3 4 EVALUATION Is Group A Beta-hemolytic Yes DIAGNOSIS Streptococcus (GABHS) • Rapid antigen detection test infection suspected? (RADT) • roat culture No TREATMENT EVALUATION No A Supportive management Is GABHS confi rmed? B Pharmacological therapy (Non-GABHS) Yes 5 TREATMENT A EVALUATE RESPONSEMIMS Supportive management TO THERAPY C Pharmacological therapy • Antibiotics Poor/No Good D Surgery, if recurrent or complicated response response REASSESS PATIENT COMPLETE THERAPY & REVIEW THE DIAGNOSIS© Not all products are available or approved for above use in all countries. Specifi c prescribing information may be found in the latest MIMS. B269 © MIMS Pediatrics 2020 Tonsillopharyngitis - Acute (2 of 10) 1 ACUTE TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS • Infl ammation of the tonsils & pharynx • Etiologies include bacterial (group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, Haemophilus infl uenzae, Fusobacterium sp, etc) & viral (infl uenza, adenovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, etc) pathogens • Sore throat is the most common presenting symptom in older children TONSILLOPHARYNGITIS 2 EVALUATION FOR COMPLICATIONS • Patients w/ sore throat may have deep neck infections including epiglottitis, peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess • Examine for signs of upper airway obstruction Signs & Symptoms of Sore roat w/ Complications • Trismus • Inability to swallow liquids • Increased salivation or drooling • Peritonsillar edema • Deviation of uvula -
NINDS Custom Collection II
ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC -
Quantitative Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of PLGA Films Loaded with 4-Hexylresorcinol
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Article Quantitative Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of PLGA Films Loaded with 4-Hexylresorcinol Michael Kemme * and Regina Heinzel-Wieland Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Hochschule Darmstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstrasse 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-6151-1638631 Received: 18 December 2017; Accepted: 9 January 2018; Published: 11 January 2018 Abstract: Profound screening and evaluation methods for biocide-releasing polymer films are crucial for predicting applicability and therapeutic outcome of these drug delivery systems. For this purpose, we developed an agar overlay assay embedding biopolymer composite films in a seeded microbial lawn. By combining this approach with model-dependent analysis for agar diffusion, antimicrobial potency of the entrapped drug can be calculated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Thus, the topical antiseptic 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) was incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films at different loadings up to 3.7 mg/cm2 surface area through a solvent casting technique. The antimicrobial activity of 4-HR released from these composite films was assessed against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram–positive bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi by the proposed assay. All the microbial strains tested were susceptible to PLGA-4-HR films with MIC values down to 0.4% (w/w). The presented approach serves as a reliable method in screening and quantifying the antimicrobial activity of polymer composite films. Moreover, 4-HR-loaded PLGA films are a promising biomaterial that may find future application in the biomedical and packaging sector. -
Chewable Lozenge Formulation
Umashankar M S et al. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2016, 7 (4) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Review Article CHEWABLE LOZENGE FORMULATION- A REVIEW Umashankar M S *, Dinesh S R, Rini R, Lakshmi K S, Damodharan N SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Article Received on: 11/02/16 Revised on: 13/03/16 Approved for publication: 28/03/16 DOI: 10.7897/2230-8407.07432 ABSTRACT Development of lozenges dated back to 20thcentury and is still remain popular among the consumer and hence it has continued commercial production. Lozenges are palatable solid unit dosage form administrated in the oral cavity. They meant to be dissolved in mouth or pharynx for its local or systemic effect. Lozenge tablets provide several advantages as pharmaceutical formulations however with some disadvantages. Lozenge as a dosage form can be adopted for drug delivery across buccal route, labial route, gingival route and sublingual route. Multiple drugs can also be incorporated in them for chronic illness treatments. Lozenge enables loading of wide range of active ingredients for oral systemic delivery of drugs. Lozenges are available as over the counter medications in the form of caramel based soft lozenges, hard candy lozenges and compressed tablet lozenges containing drugs for sore throat, mouth infection and as mouth fresheners. The rationale behind the use of medicated lozenges as one of the most favored dosage form for the delivery of antitussive drugs. This review focuses various aspects of lozenge formulation providing an insight to the formulation scientist on novel application of lozenge drug delivery system. -
Substantial Equivalence Determination Decision Summary Assay Only Template
510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY ASSAY ONLY TEMPLATE A. 510(k) Number: k091024 B. Purpose for Submission: Premarket notification C. Measurand: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) D. Type of Test: Detection of MRSA using a selective and differential chromogenic media E. Applicant: bioMérieux, Inc. F. Proprietary and Established Names: chromID™ MRSA Agar G. Regulatory Information: 1. Regulation section: 21 CFR 866.1700 2. Classification: Class II 3. Product code: JSO Culture media, Antimicrobial susceptibility test, excluding Mueller Hinton Agar 1 4. Panel: Microbiology H. Intended Use: 1. Intended use(s): chromID™ MRSA agar is a selective and differential chromogenic medium for the qualitative detection of nasal colonization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to aid in the prevention and control of MRSA infections in healthcare settings. The test is performed on anterior nares swab specimens from patients and healthcare workers to screen for MRSA colonization. chromID™ MRSA agar is not intended to diagnose MRSA infection nor to guide or monitor treatment of infection. 2. Indication(s) for use: The chromID™ MRSA agar is not intended to diagnose MRSA infection nor to guide or monitor treatment of infection. 3. Special conditions for use statement(s): Prescription use 4. Special instrument requirements: Not applicable I. Device Description: The chromID™ MRSA agar is translucent and a light tan color. After the plates are inoculated and incubated, colonies growing on the plates will have either a green appearance, which indicates a positive MRSA status or a colorless appearance which indicates a negative MRSA status. The green color is more vivid if the colonies are observed through the agar from the bottom of the plate. -
Adverse Effects and Precautions
1736 Disinfectants and Preservatives i Amylmetacresoi (BAN, riNN) ..................Preparat ons........ Adverse Effects and Precautions ProprietaryPreparations (details are given in Volume B) The alkyl gallates may cause contact sensitivity and skin Aml!metacreso!; A[ililrnetakrezol: Amylrnet.acreso[; Amylrne. AM<InM<;· Multi-ingredient Preparations. Singapore: Esemdent. reactions. ta�resolurn; Amylmetakresol: Amyylirnetakresoli; TaKpe30J1. Effects on the blood. Methaemoglobinaemia associated 6-Pentyl-rn,cresol; S;Methyl.-2-pentylpheooi. Alkyl Gallates with the antoxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated C1 J1,80= 178.3 hydroxytoluene, and propyl gallate) used to preserve the CAS 1300,94-3. .de Gaiatos alquilo; AnKwnrannalJ:>t. oil in a soybean infant feed fom1ula has been reported.1 UN!! -'-· 05W904P57F: Propyl gallate was suspected of being the most likely cause Dodecyl Gallate because its chemical structure is similar to pyrogallol Pharmacopoeias. In Bur. (see p. vii). (p. 1718.2), a methaemoglobinaemia inducer. Ph. Eur. 8: (Amylmetacresol). A clear or almost clear liquid Dodecilo galatas; Dociecyle,. gallate Dodecylgallat; . de; ..•. I. Nitzan M, et al. Infantile methemoglobinemia caused by food additives. or a solid crystalline mass, colourless or slightly yellow Dodecyi-9Jilat; D(0ec%lis (iallas:. Dodekyyligallaattl; E312; Clin Toxicol 1979; 15: 273-80. when freshly prepared; it darkens or discolours to dark m Galata • de dodecflo; Laury! Gailate; Laurylum Gafikw ; yellow, brownish-yellow, or pink on keeping. F.p. about 22 }logel\vfn rarinar. Preparations degrees. Practically insoluble in water; very soluble in Dodecyi 3,4,5-trihyc;lroxybenzoate. ...................... alcohol and in acetone. Store in non�metallic airtight (details are given in Volume B) C;ul;lje0$=338.4 ProprietaryPreparations containers. Protect from light. -
AP76: 4-Hexyl-Resorcinol CAS#: 136-77-6
the art and science of smart patch testingTM AP76: 4-hexyl-resorcinol CAS#: 136-77-6 Patient Information Your patch test result indicates that you have a contact allergy to 4-hexyl- resorcinol. This contact allergy may cause your skin to react when it is exposed to this substance although it may take several days for the symptoms to appear. Typical symptoms include redness, swelling, itching, and fluid-filled blisters. Where is 4-hexyl-resorcinol found? 4-hexyl-resorcinol has a long history of human pharmaceutical use as a topical skin and mucosal disinfectant for treatment of superficial wounds, and as a component of soaps, handwashes, and skin cleaners. 4-hexyl-resorcinol has been used in dilute solutions as antiseptic gargles or throat spray, and in lozenges. 4-hexyl-resorcinol is still marketed today as an ingredient of certain throat lozenges. How can you avoid contact with 4-hexyl-resorcinol? Avoid products that list any of the following names in the ingredients: 1,3-Benzenediol, 4-hexyl- Cystoids anthelmintic 1,3-Dihydroxy-4-hexylbenzene EINECS 205-257-4 1,3-Dihydroxy-4-n-hexylbenzene Gelovermin 4-(1-Hexyl)resorcinol Hexylresorcin [German] 4-06-00-06048 (Beilstein Handbook Ref) Hexylresorcinol 4-Hexyl-1,3-benzenediol Hexylresorcinolum 4-Hexyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene Hexylresorzin 4-Hexylresorcine Hidesol 4-n-Hexylresorcinol HSDB 566 Adrover NCI-C55787 AI3-08055 NSC 1570 Antascarin Oxana Ascaricid p-Hexylresorcinol Ascarinol Prensol Ascaryl Resorcinol, 4-hexyl- BRN 2048312 S.T. 37 Caprokol ST 37 CCRIS 888 ST-37 Crystoids Worm-agen What are some products that may contain 4-hexyl-resorcinol? Cosmetics: Clearasil Adult Care Lotions and Skin Care: KOPNOL Mouthwash / Gargle Throat Lozenges: Sucrets Throat Spray *For additional information about products that might contain 4-hexyl-resorcinol, go to the Household Product Database online (http:/householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov) at the United States National Library of Medicine. -
Study Protocol
Study Protocol Proposed methodology to measure the impact of GRIP toolkit materials on antibiotic prescribing for URTIs by primary care physicians The method described here illustrates the process for assessment of one specific symptom of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), sore throat. This has been selected as the Centor criteria may be used to predict the likelihood of a group A streptococcal bacterial infection in patients complaining of acute sore throat1 while other common URTI symptoms are likely to be due to viral infection. This protocol can be adapted for other URTI symptoms. Using this protocol and analysing the collected data can help understand: • The impact of GRIP toolkit materials on antibiotic prescribing in URTIs • Thether current level of antibiotic use is indicated (e.g. in non-high risk patients) Study arms • Control arm: no access to GRIP toolkit materials (n=tbc) • Test arm: full access to GRIP toolkit materials (n=tbc) Test arm: GRIP URTI toolkit preparation prior to assessment If you are part of the control arm and will not be using the toolkit during this assessment, you do not need to read this section. Please go straight to the patient section below. Preparation and planning • Review current personal and colleague management practices when dealing with URTIs, specifically acute sore throat • Ensure each doctor within the test arm has read and understood the toolkit materials • Identify any differences between current practice versus that advised in the GRIP toolkit Defining use of the GRIP toolkit There are four ways the GRIP toolkit can be used by the test arm. -
2012 Harmonized Tariff Schedule Pharmaceuticals Appendix
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2014) (Rev. 1) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2014) (Rev. 1) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 2 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. ABACAVIR 136470-78-5 ACEVALTRATE 25161-41-5 ABAFUNGIN 129639-79-8 ACEXAMIC ACID 57-08-9 ABAGOVOMAB 792921-10-9 ACICLOVIR 59277-89-3 ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACIFRAN 72420-38-3 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ACIPIMOX 51037-30-0 ABAPERIDONE 183849-43-6 ACITAZANOLAST 114607-46-4 ABARELIX 183552-38-7 ACITEMATE 101197-99-3 ABATACEPT 332348-12-6 ACITRETIN 55079-83-9 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ACIVICIN 42228-92-2 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ACLANTATE 39633-62-0 ABETIMUS 167362-48-3 ACLARUBICIN 57576-44-0 ABIRATERONE 154229-19-3 ACLATONIUM NAPADISILATE 55077-30-0 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ACLIDINIUM BROMIDE 320345-99-1 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ACODAZOLE 79152-85-5 ABRINEURIN 178535-93-8 ACOLBIFENE 182167-02-8 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ACONIAZIDE 13410-86-1 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ACOTIAMIDE 185106-16-5 -
Sore Throat in Primary Care Project
Family Practice, 2015, Vol. 32, No. 3, 263–268 doi:10.1093/fampra/cmv015 Advance Access publication 25 March 2015 Epidemiology Sore throat in primary care project: a clinical score to diagnose viral sore throat Selcuk Mistika,*, Selma Gokahmetoglub, Elcin Balcic, and Fahri A Onukd Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/fampra/article-abstract/32/3/263/695324 by guest on 31 July 2019 aDepartment of Family Medicine, bDepartment of Microbiology, cDepartment of Public Health, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey, and dBunyamin Somyurek Family Medicine Centre, Kayseri, Turkey. *Correspondence to Prof. S. Mistik, Department of Family Medicine, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Objective. Viral agents cause the majority of sore throats. However, there is not currently a score to diagnose viral sore throat. The aims of this study were (i) to find the rate of bacterial and viral causes, (ii) to show the seasonal variations and (iii) to form a new scoring system to diagnose viral sore throat. Methods. A throat culture for group A beta haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) and a nasopharyngeal swab to detect 16 respiratory viruses were obtained from each patient. Over a period of 52 weeks, a total of 624 throat cultures and polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the clinical score. Results. Viral infection was found in 277 patients (44.3%), and GABHS infection was found in 116 patients (18.5%). An infectious cause was found in 356 patients (57.1%). Rhinovirus was the most commonly detected infectious agent overall (highest in November, 34.5%), and the highest GABHS rate was in November (32.7%). -
Quality Standards Body Care Ingredients Generated on May 5, 2014
Whole Foods Market - Quality Standards Body Care Ingredients Generated on May 5, 2014 This document is intended for internal company use to assist WFM buyers in making purchasing decisions. Products that do not meet the ingredient standards of this document may not be sold within the product category noted above at Whole Foods Market. We reserve the right to add or remove ingredient terms from the quality standards list or to change the acceptable/unacceptable status of any ingredient at any time. For more information about using these lists, please see http://rock.wholefoods.com/?p=1034. Please make sure that you are using a recently updated list; current quality standards lists are available from the Quality Standards website at http://connect/global/qshe/qualitystandards/food. If you have any questions about this list, please contact the quality standards team at [email protected]. Acceptable and unacceptable ingredients for regular (not premium) body care products. Item Name Type Status Qualifier Functions C12-15 alkyl lactate Body Care acceptable surfactant Glyceryl stearate citrate Body Care acceptable emollient 1,2 hexanediol Body Care acceptable solvent 2-carboxy-1methylpyridinium chloride Body Care acceptable skin conditioning agent 2-propanone Body Care acceptable In nail polish remover only solvent AA2G-Ascorbyl Glucoside Body Care acceptable skin lightener, antioxidant Acacia Decurrens/Jojoba/Sunflower Body Care acceptable texturizer Seed Wax/Polyglyceryl - 3 Esters acetamide MEA Body Care acceptable surfactant acetone -
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 10.0 Index 1. General Notices
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 10.0 Index 1. General notices......................................................................... 3 2.2.66. Detection and measurement of radioactivity........... 119 2.1. Apparatus ............................................................................. 15 2.2.7. Optical rotation................................................................ 26 2.1.1. Droppers ........................................................................... 15 2.2.8. Viscosity ............................................................................ 27 2.1.2. Comparative table of porosity of sintered-glass filters.. 15 2.2.9. Capillary viscometer method ......................................... 27 2.1.3. Ultraviolet ray lamps for analytical purposes............... 15 2.3. Identification...................................................................... 129 2.1.4. Sieves ................................................................................. 16 2.3.1. Identification reactions of ions and functional 2.1.5. Tubes for comparative tests ............................................ 17 groups ...................................................................................... 129 2.1.6. Gas detector tubes............................................................ 17 2.3.2. Identification of fatty oils by thin-layer 2.2. Physical and physico-chemical methods.......................... 21 chromatography...................................................................... 132 2.2.1. Clarity and degree of opalescence of