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Major Lineages Within Apiaceae Subfamily Apioideae: a Comparison of Chloroplast Restriction Site and Dna Sequence Data1
American Journal of Botany 86(7): 1014±1026. 1999. MAJOR LINEAGES WITHIN APIACEAE SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE: A COMPARISON OF CHLOROPLAST RESTRICTION SITE AND DNA SEQUENCE DATA1 GREGORY M. PLUNKETT2 AND STEPHEN R. DOWNIE Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Traditional sources of taxonomic characters in the large and taxonomically complex subfamily Apioideae (Apiaceae) have been confounding and no classi®cation system of the subfamily has been widely accepted. A restriction site analysis of the chloroplast genome from 78 representatives of Apioideae and related groups provided a data matrix of 990 variable characters (750 of which were potentially parsimony-informative). A comparison of these data to that of three recent DNA sequencing studies of Apioideae (based on ITS, rpoCl intron, and matK sequences) shows that the restriction site analysis provides 2.6± 3.6 times more variable characters for a comparable group of taxa. Moreover, levels of divergence appear to be well suited to studies at the subfamilial and tribal levels of Apiaceae. Cladistic and phenetic analyses of the restriction site data yielded trees that are visually congruent to those derived from the other recent molecular studies. On the basis of these comparisons, six lineages and one paraphyletic grade are provisionally recognized as informal groups. These groups can serve as the starting point for future, more intensive studies of the subfamily. Key words: Apiaceae; Apioideae; chloroplast genome; restriction site analysis; Umbelliferae. Apioideae are the largest and best-known subfamily of tem, and biochemical characters exhibit similarly con- Apiaceae (5 Umbelliferae) and include many familiar ed- founding parallelisms (e.g., Bell, 1971; Harborne, 1971; ible plants (e.g., carrot, parsnips, parsley, celery, fennel, Nielsen, 1971). -
Araliaceae) Roderick J
Essential Oils from the Leaves of Three New Zealand Species of Pseudopanax (Araliaceae) Roderick J. Weston Industrial Research Ltd., P.O. Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Fax: +64-4-9313-055. E-mail: [email protected] Z. Naturforsch. 59c, 39Ð42 (2004); received July 22, 2003 Essential oils from three of the eleven endemic New Zealand species of Pseudopanax, P. arboreus, P. discolor and P. lessonii, were found to have a fairly uniform composition which was different from that of the oils of Raukaua species that were formerly classified in the Pseudopanax genus. Oils of the three Pseudopanax species all contained significant propor- tions of viridiflorol and a closely related unidentified hydroazulene alcohol in common. In addition, the oil of P. arboreus contained bicyclogermacrene, linalool and long chain hy- drocarbons. The oil of P. discolor contained nerolidol in abundance (36.3%) together with linalool and epi-α-muurolol. The oil of P. lessonii contained a complex mixture of sesquiter- pene alcohols including epi-α-muurolol and a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons. Nerolidol and linalool provided the oil of P. discolor with a pleasant floral aroma, but the yield of oil was very low (0.01%). Key words: Pseudopanax arboreus, discolor and lessonii, Araliaceae, Essential Oil Introduction species studied in this paper, P. lessonii and P. dis- color, belong to this group and were selected be- The Araliaceae is a family of 65 genera and ap- cause their leaves, when crushed, emit a weak fra- proximately 800 species, which occur mainly in grance. The third group is characterized by its tropical regions, but some genera are found in shorter wider fleshier leaves and includes P. -
Pseudopanax Lessonii
Pseudopanax lessonii COMMON NAME Houpara SYNONYMS Panax lessonii DC. FAMILY Araliaceae AUTHORITY Pseudopanax lessonii (DC.) K.Koch FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No Leaves of Pseudopanax lessonii. Photographer: Wayne Bennett ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE PSELES CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 48 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened Motuoruhi, Coromandel, March. Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened BRIEF DESCRIPTION Coastal tree with fleshy hand-shaped leaves DISTRIBUTION Endemic. Three Kings to Poverty Bay and northern Taranaki HABITAT Coastal forest and scrub FEATURES Small tree to 6 m tall; branches stout, with leaves crowded towards tips of branchlets. Leaves alternate, leaflets 3-5, palmate, lateral leaflets smaller; juvenile leaves larger than adult. Petiole to 15 cm long, stout, sheathing stem at base; stipules absent. Leaflets subsessile, terminal leaflet on short petiolule, obovate-cuneate, sinuate-crenate to bluntly serrate in distal half, subacute to obtuse, dark green above, paler beneath, midvein obvious, lateral veins obscure, c. 5-10 x 2-4 cm. Inflorescence a terminal compound umbel; male (staminate) primary rays (branchlets) 4-8 c. 4-5 cm long, flowers racemosely arranged along secondary rays; pistillate (female) primary rays shorter, flowers in irregular umbellules. Petals greenish, acute; anthers on filaments < petals. Ovary 5-loculed, each containing 1 ovule; style branches 5, conate, tips spreading. Fruit fleshy, dark purple, broadly oblong, 7 x 5 mm, style branches retained on an apical disc. 5 Seeds per fruit, narrowly ovate to ovate or oblong, dimpled, 5.5-8.0 mm long. -
Araliaceae.Pdf
ARALIACEAE 五加科 wu jia ke Xiang Qibai (向其柏 Shang Chih-bei)1; Porter P. Lowry II2 Trees or shrubs, sometimes woody vines with aerial roots, rarely perennial herbs, hermaphroditic, andromonoecious or dioecious, often with stellate indumentum or more rarely simple trichomes or bristles, with or without prickles, secretory canals pres- ent in most parts. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (never in Chinese taxa), simple and often palmately lobed, palmately compound, or 1–3-pinnately compound, usually crowded toward apices of branches, base of petiole often broad and sheathing stem, stipules absent or forming a ligule or membranous border of petiole. Inflorescence terminal or pseudo-lateral (by delayed development), um- bellate, compound-umbellate, racemose, racemose-umbellate, or racemose-paniculate, ultimate units usually umbels or heads, occa- sionally racemes or spikes, flowers rarely solitary; bracts usually present, often caducous, rarely foliaceous. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic. Pedicels often jointed below ovary and forming an articulation. Calyx absent or forming a low rim, some- times undulate or with short teeth. Corolla of (3–)5(–20) petals, free or rarely united, mostly valvate, sometimes imbricate. Stamens usually as many as and alternate with petals, sometimes numerous, distinct, inserted at edge of disk; anthers versatile, introrse, 2- celled (or 4-celled in some non-Chinese taxa), longitudinally dehiscent. Disk epigynous, often fleshy, slightly depressed to rounded or conic, sometimes confluent with styles. Ovary inferior (rarely secondarily superior in some non-Chinese taxa), (1 or)2–10(to many)-carpellate; carpels united, with as many locules; ovules pendulous, 2 per locule, 1 abortive; styles as many as carpels, free or partially united, erect or recurved, or fully united to form a column; stigmas terminal or decurrent on inner face of styles, or sessile on disk, circular to elliptic and radiating. -
Intergeneric Graft Compatibility Within the Family Araliaceae
RESEARCH UPDATES Fatshedera ( Fatsia x Hedera) that have Materials and methods Intergeneric been grown erect are sold as novelty specimens. Growers usually get a high Twenty-three cultivars of Graft percentage of successful grafts with Araliaceae representing six genera and Compatibility healthy plant material and good graft- 16 species were obtained from com- ing technique. mercial sources. Two species each of within the Family Variegated forms of Aralia elata two genera native to Hawaii, do not root from cuttings and produce Cheirodendron and Tetraplasandra, Araliaceae nonvariegated seedlings. The varie- were collected in the Koolau Moun- gated forms are propagated by bud- tains on Oahu (Table 1). ding onto seedling or vegetatively Rootstocks propagated from tip Kenneth W. Leonhardt1 produced nonvariegated rootstocks of cuttings rooted in equal parts ver- A. elata (Leiss, 1977). One variegated miculite and perlite under intermit- form of A. elata also has been cleft- tent mist and full sun were grown in Additional index words. Aralia, grafted successfully onto a rootstock 15-cm plastic pots containing equal Ginsing, Panax family, propagation of A. spinosa (Raulston, 1985.) parts peat moss, perlite, and field soil The relative ease of the Hedera x (by volume). Lime and a slow-release Summary. Novelty Araliaceae potted Fatshedera graft raised the possibility granular fertilizer were incorporated. plants were created by a wide variety of graft compatibility of Hedera with Rootstocks were established in a green- of interspecific and intergeneric graft other relatives, particularly those grow- house under 25% shade cover until combinations. Twenty-four species of ing tall rapidly or having other desir- grafted. -
Pseudopanax Laetus
Pseudopanax laetus SYNONYMS Panax arboreus var. laetus Kirk, Nothopanax laetus (Kirk) Cheeseman, Neopanax laetus (Kirk) Philipson FAMILY Araliaceae AUTHORITY Pseudopanax laetus (Kirk) Allan FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS Yes Close up, Pseudopanax laetus mature foliage, ENDEMIC FAMILY Upper Kaueranga Valley. Photographer: John No Smith-Dodsworth STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE PSELAE CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 48 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2018 | At Risk – Declining PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2012 | Not Threatened 2009 | Not Threatened | Qualifiers: RF 2004 | Gradual Decline BRIEF DESCRIPTION bushy shrub with large hand-shaped leaves on red stalks Pseudopanax laetus close up of inflorescence DISTRIBUTION with flowers during male phase, Ex Cult. Puhoi. Photographer: Peter de Lange Endemic to the northern part of the North Island from Coromandel to inland Gisborne and Taranaki. HABITAT Montane forest. FEATURES Small multi-branched tree to 5 m tall, branchlets brittle. Leaves alternate, leaflets 5-7, palmate, on short petiolules. Petiole to 25 cm long, sheathing branchlet at base, stipules present, purplish red. Petiolules stout, purplish red or leaflets subsessile. Leaflets obovate- to cuneate-oblong, thick and coriaceous, green above, paler below, margin coarsely dentate-serrate in distal half, acute or acuminate to subacute; midveins and main lateral veins obvious above and below; teminal lamina 12-25 x 5-10 cm or more, lateral leaflets smaller. Inflorescence a terminal, compound umbel, flowers sometimes subracemose on secondary rays; primary rays (branchlets) 10-15; 15-20 secondary rays. Calyx truncate or obscurely 5-toothed; petals ovate-oblong, acute. Ovary 2-loculed, each containing 1 ovules; style branches 2, spreading. Fruit fleshy, purple, c. -
Curriculum Vitae
Updated July 15, 2021 Curriculum Vitae GREGORY M. PLUNKETT ADDRESS: New York Botanical Garden Phone: (718) 817-8179 2900 Southern Blvd. FAX: (718) 817-8101 Bronx, NY 10458-5126 e-mail: [email protected] BIRTH DATE: February 21, 1965. Bayonne, New Jersey, USA EDUCATION: Ph.D. (Botany), Washington State University (D.E. Soltis, advisor). 1994. M.A. (Biology), The College of William and Mary in Virginia (G.W. Hall, advisor). 1990. B.S. (Biology), The College of William and Mary in Virginia. 1987. CURRENT POSITION: Director & Curator, Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden. PAST FACULTY POSITIONS Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2008–2009. Associate Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2002–2008. Assistant Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 1996–2002. CURRENT AFFILIATED POSITIONS: Affiliate Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2009–present. Adjunct Professor of Plant Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York. 2009–present. Adjunct Faculty, Fordham University. 2014–present. Research Associate, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 2002–present. OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Curator, Herbarium of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). 1996–2009. Graduate Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, VCU. 1998–2009. Fellow, Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, VCU. 2002–2009. Visiting Curator/Professeur, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 2004, 2005. Visiting Scientist, University of the South Pacific, -
Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa
Systematic Botany (2010), 35(2): pp. 425–441 © Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa David C. Tank 1,2,3 and Michael J. Donoghue 1 1 Peabody Museum of Natural History & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 U. S. A. 2 Department of Forest Resources & Stillinger Herbarium, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 U. S. A. 3 Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Communicating Editor: Javier Francisco-Ortega Abstract— Previous attempts to resolve relationships among the primary lineages of Campanulidae (e.g. Apiales, Asterales, Dipsacales) have mostly been unconvincing, and the placement of a number of smaller groups (e.g. Bruniaceae, Columelliaceae, Escalloniaceae) remains uncertain. Here we build on a recent analysis of an incomplete data set that was assembled from the literature for a set of 50 campanulid taxa. To this data set we first added newly generated DNA sequence data for the same set of genes and taxa. Second, we sequenced three additional cpDNA coding regions (ca. 8,000 bp) for the same set of 50 campanulid taxa. Finally, we assembled the most comprehensive sample of cam- panulid diversity to date, including ca. 17,000 bp of cpDNA for 122 campanulid taxa and five outgroups. Simply filling in missing data in the 50-taxon data set (rendering it 94% complete) resulted in a topology that was similar to earlier studies, but with little additional resolution or confidence. -
Tn18 Wtsm Calibration and Validation Final.Docx Status: Final Revision: 1
TN18 WTSM Calibration and Date: December 2012 Validation Wellington Transport Models TN18 WTSM Calibration & Validation prepared for Greater Wellington Regional Council Prepared By Opus International Consultants Limited Andy Wilson (Opus) Wellington Office John Pell (Opus) Level 9, Majestic Centre, 100 Willis Street Geoffrey Cornelis (GWRC) PO Box 12003, Wellington 6144 New Zealand Ph: +64 4 471 7000 Reviewed By Arup David Dunlop (Opus) Level 17, 1 Nicholson Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Ph: +61 3 9668 5500 Date: December 2012 Reference: g:\localauthorities\wrc\proj\5- c2050.00 - c3079 wtsm wptm\600 deliverables\630 final tech notes\tn18 wtsm calibration and validation final.docx Status: Final Revision: 1 © Opus International Consultants Limited 2012 TN18 WTSM Calibration & Validation Document History and Status Issue Rev Issued To Qty Date Reviewed Approved John Bolland, Nick MS-Word Draft v1 20/06/2012 Andy Wilson Andy Wilson Sargent document John Bolland, Nick MS-Word Draft v2 11/07/2012 David Dunlop David Dunlop Sargent document Final 1 Nick Sargent - GW 1 Hard & 1 06/12/2012 David Dunlop David Dunlop CD This report takes into account the particular instructions and requirements of our client. It is not intended for and should not be relied upon by any third party and no responsibility is undertaken to any third party. John Bolland: (Peer Reviewer) Nick Sargent: (GWRC) TN18 WTSM Calibration & Validation Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... -
Waikanae Community Board Held at the Waikanae Community Centre, Utauta Street, Waikanae on Tuesday 10 February 2015, Commencing at 7.30Pm
MINUTES MEETING HELD ON TIME WAIKANAE COMMUNITY TUESDAY 10 FEBRUARY 2015 7.30PM BOARD MINUTES of a six-weekly meeting of the Waikanae Community Board held at the Waikanae Community Centre, Utauta Street, Waikanae on Tuesday 10 February 2015, commencing at 7.30pm. PRESENT: Mr M Scott Chair Mr E Gregory Deputy Chair Mrs J Prvanov Mr J Westbury IN ATTENDANCE: Mr W Maxwell Group Manager Corporate Services Mrs J Nock Executive Secretary, Corporate Services Ms S Hutcheson Senior Social Wellbeing Advisor Mr G Adams Traffic Engineer The Chair welcomed everyone present and thanked Crs Elliott, Scott and Welsh for their attendance and declared the meeting open. WCB 15/02/095 (a) Apologies An apology from the Mayor was noted. (b) Declarations of Interest Relating to Items on the Agenda Mr Westbury declared a possible conflict of interest as his wife was supporting the Waikanae Market. The Chair thanked Mr Westbury for raising this issue and advised that, as per Standing Orders 3.14.10 his interest ‘was in common with the public’, so there was no conflict of interest and could participate in its discussion. WCB 15/02/096 PUBLIC SPEAKING TIME – Grant Applications Waikanae Market Gordon Cameron, on behalf of Waikanae Market, spoke to the application asking for assistance with costs in promoting the 2015 Waikanae Easter Market and added that they now had seven members on their committee. The Board congratulated the committee on its additional members. Finn Landacre Finn’s mum Melissa spoke on behalf of Finn, who was at soccer training and spoke of his application asking for assistance with costs associated with taking part in a soccer tournament in Sydney in July 2015. -
Are Female and Male Flowers Separated on Different Individuals in Pseudopanax? Leon Perrie1 & Lara Shepherd2
Are female and male flowers separated on different individuals in Pseudopanax? Leon Perrie1 & Lara Shepherd2 INTRODUCTION An unusually high proportion of New Zealand’s flowering plants are thought to be dioecious (Webb et al. 1999). A dioecious species has individuals that are either male (bearing only stamens) or female (bearing only ovules). Dioecy is different from cosexuality, where all individuals are hermaphrodite. In some cosexual plants, stamens and ovules may be borne in separate flowers but these both occur on the same hermaphrodite individual; this is monoecy. In others, the flowers all bear both stamens and ovules, usually termed hermaphroditism. Intermediates between, and variations on, these three main themes exist. For instance, in gynodioecy some male plants have flowers that are hermaphrodite and set low number of fruits. In andromonoecy, individual flowers are either male or hermaphrodite. The lancewood and five-finger genus Pseudopanax is widely regarded as dioecious, although an historical account is complicated by changes in generic limits. We presently regard Pseudopanax as endemic to New Zealand, with twelve species (Perrie & Shepherd 2010), alongside the recognition of Raukaua (Mitchell et al. 1997). Allan (1961) placed species now in Pseudopanax and Raukaua in Pseudopanax and Neopanax (there is not a one-to-one correspondence). He described his Pseudopanax as dioecious and Neopanax as dioecious or monoecious. However, in the treatments of the individual species, monoecy was only explicitly indicated for Neopanax simplex (now Raukaua simplex). Philipson (1965) stated that the species are “dioecious or, rarely, monoecious”, although it is unclear whether he was referring to a broadly defined Pseudopanax or only to the species included by Allan (1961) in Neopanax. -
Joy Svendsen Supporting Docs.Pdf
1 2 Submission Form: Submitted by Joy Svendsen to KCDC Comments regarding Multi Modal transport Draft LTCCP 2009 / 19 Draft Community Outcomes 2009 Submissions closed 5pm, Thursday 14 May 2009 Which document What page are you of the Comments: commenting document? on: part 1, 2 or 3? 66 Actively promote more Train use, more stations, jazz up railway stations with 1 Maori, Nature Coast theme make them people friendly community gathering Places. Provide wind protection on platforms and make them friendly fun place to be, renovate with innovative recycled materials eg. Huntertwisser type toilets made from recycled bottles, pathways made from recycled glass, vegetables in gardens to pick on way home from work, fruit trees in car parks. More stations at Raumati, Lindale, electrify line to Otaki, cheap bus and train tickets for regular users, elderly and unwaged cheap off peak rate. Free train midnight to 2am. Electric Tuk Tuk or similar meet commuters on All trains and take to doorstep. TukTuks used in off peak for tourist Promotion. Promote bicycle to stations, provide pay as u go hire bikes that are rented to tourist during off peak hours. Promote use of electric scooters and electric bikes for commuting locally to railway station, pay as u go charging stations. Make all railway stations safe and women & elderly friendly. Promote car pooling to Wellington for those not serviced by train 3 Joy Svendsen LTP Submission Additional Information 17 May 2012 Additional information to be attached to submission form and questions form Access and Transport KCDC has not fought aggressively enough against the proposed 4 lane Expressway and for the reinstatement of the Western Link Road.