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C-6IC5b-2>/cib>N A — x • -'■' yf • 9 — XT#W%ff 3 £'Htt©* Z>Z.ti) * v x^A©%.*;l/f-iR$ti@E#0%# V? > H (EttAAx EK*^> L N G‘Xtl) Icjrb^TSVo CO, Sttieii> iS ©0ERAA. EnfcAAJ; <3 tiC 0, W&SlZ&W.X-% Z> Z ttfhfr-, tz„ $ 6 STii. ¥6E 3 VfiK 4 *p$© 2 ipFallcEfc t£rt£%:tol/c$S$£$ tkU $yXTi!)>'ISoy ? y -;Uttf§lci:bR LTE^tt©y V v HifSbtitiVriA *M%b£7ky3©Bfl%ffiis. jzcmmmtgRimA'bER© (4) f V - C £ LfCo (5) SUMMARY In Japan, attention to global environmental issues such as global warming and necessity of diversification of energy sources and electricity sources is aroused. Conversion of renewable natural energy such as hydropower energy to chemical energy and its transportation is expected to contribute to stable energy supply to Japan, sustainable development in energy exporting countries, and to meet global environmental needs. In this report, Methanol is selected as the chemical energy converted from hydropower energy. Water is electrolytically decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. Coal is gasified by using oxygen as a gasifying agent. Methanol is synthesized from the gasified coal and the hydrogen and then imported to Japan. This report is to study the possibility of the methanol production system through overseas hydropower and coal. System Design and economic efficiency were studied for three cases and the optimal system was proposed. In Chapter 1, the characteristics of hydropower are reviewed. From economic point of view, the following basic conditions should be achieved in order to use hydropower as the energy source of the methanol production system. <1> The capacity of the hydro-electric power plant should be several million kilowatts from the viewpoint of the system's scale merit. <2> A reservoir type hydro-electric plant is generally in operation with a peak capacity during the certain period of a day, and it is not in operation or is in operation with lower output in the other period. In the methanol production system, it should generally generate electric power at a certain level during all day long throughout the year. <3> Since the cost of methanol in the system differs depending chiefly on the costs of electricity , the economy of a power plant should be evaluated based on the unit costs of kwh, not kw. In Chapter 2, three sites for case study are selected by the following criteria. <1> Expected amount of surplus hydropower in 2025, considering the domestic (6) use for the population of this year, is large enough. <2> There is few electric power demand in the neighboring countries. <3> Basic data for hydropower planning are available. <4> The distance between Japan and the site is relatively small. The following three areas were selected as case study locations based on the above-mentioned conditions. <1> Sarawak State, Malaysia <2> Manitoba Province, Canada <3> Amazon River, Brazil In Chapter 3, hydro-electric power projects in the case study areas, which were selected in Chapter 2, were reviewed. The output and the cost of electric power were estimated. The properties and cost of coal used for coal gasification were investigated. In Case 1, in addition to the case that methanol is produced at the methanol loading port, a comparative case that methanol is produced at the coal mine and is transported through a pipeline to the methanol loading was studied. In Chapter 4, methanol costs were estimated by making the conceptual design of the three cases and studying their economies. The result is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. In Chapter 5, influence of equipment and facilities' cost on the cost of methanol, influence of electric power and coal cost on the cost of methanol and influence of the pipeline's installation on the cost of methanol are estimated for all cases mentioned above. The superiority of the system was also estimated in consideration of energy security and C00 emission. Influence of scale increment of methanol production system is analyzed as follows : the coal gasification facility and methanol production facility do not contribute to reduction of methanol cost. As there are limits on scale of these facilities, their unit number must be increased in order to enlarge the methanol production system. On the contrary, water electrolyzing equipment exerts scale merit on the (7) Table 1. Condition for the Analysis Cases Case 1 Alternative of Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Names of countries Malaysia Malaysia Canada Brazil Names of power plants BAKUN BAKUN CONAWAPA TUCURUI GILLAM ISLAND GULL BIRTHDAY Hydro Installed Capacity 2.000MW 2.000MW 2.000MW 2.000MW Length of power transmission 167km 143km 2,000km 300km Unit generation Cost *2.5/kwh ¥2.5/kwh *3. 6/kwh *4. 0/kwh Name of country Malaysia Malaysia Canada Venezuela Name of coal mine MERIT PILA MERIT PILA COAL PASO VALLEY DIABLO Coal Coal reserves in million tons 400 400 67 300 Distance of transportation 150km — 600km 2,000miles by railway by railway by ship Cost of coal ¥3,875/t ¥2,563/t *4,500/t %6,000/t Methanol production plant Name of county Malaysia Malaysia Canada Brazil Location BINTULU MERIT PILA VAN BELEM COUVER Methanol loading port Name of county Malaysia Malaysia Canada Brazil Location BINTULU BINTULU VAN BELEM COUVER Distance to Japan 5,000km 5,000km 10,000km 20,000km Remarks Casel : Coal is transported to the loading port and then methanol is produced at port. Alternative of Casel : Methanol is produced near the coal mine and transported through a pipeline to the loading port. Casel : Electric power is transmitted from Manitoba Province in the central part of Canada, coal is transported from Alberta Province, and methanol is produced in British Columbia Province on the western coast of Canada. CaseS : Coal is transported by ship to Brazil from Venezuela, and methanol is produced in Brazil by using electric power generated in Brazil. * The above-mentioned coats were estimated based on U.S.$1=¥ 125. (8) 3 0 40 40 61 0.7 8.9 4.2 960: 4.0 880 540 541 290 4.0 602 1.75 15.82 6,000 2,460 Case 2 0 40 44 40 3.6 3.9 960 980 605 561 210 4.1 0.6 530 8.6 2.02 15.80 2,550 4,500 Case 1 60 30 32 40 2.5 150 7.1 4.1 930 0.3 960 561 2.7 1.90 Case 561 530 15.82 2,563 2,550 of Alternative 1 0 32 30 40 0.5 150 2.7 960' 930 7.2 4.0 548 580 2.5 530 1.90 15.82 2,490 3,875 Case kcal kcal kcal kcal 3 3 3 3 /ycar kwh/year 6 ¥l/t 9 Unit ¥l/kwh 10 lOOmillion 10 ¥l/10 ¥l/10 ¥1/10 ¥l/10 HOOmillion YlOOmillion YlOOmillion ¥ YlOOmillion YlOOmillion YlOOmillion YlOOmillion X ¥100million/year ¥100million/year ¥100million/year costs facilities fixed facilities for shipping land land for for facilities facilities expenses Item equipment consumption value expenses expenses value value Analysis equipment facilities equipment facilities cost power the caloric caloric caloric maintenance land consumption of of synthesizing shipper-receiver unit costs shipper-receiver shipper-receiver per per facilities electric coal maintenance maintenance shipping electrolyzing per cost annual gasification of coal cost cost generation Result Costs Cost Annual Unit Annual Overseas Domestic Water Unit Unit Methanol Annual Annual Coal Unit Pipeline 2. Total Total of cost costs Table cost power electric electric Cost Coal Methanol Fixed (9 ) methanol cost. Because it can be installed as one relatively large equipment, of which capacity can be selected to meet scale of the system. Storage and shipper-receiver facilities exert some influence on the methanol cost because capacity of these facilities in the overseas port must be increased by 1.5 times in case of long transportation distance. Marine transportation cost exerts scale merit on the methanol cost : Minimum number of the methanol tankers, two, is determined from viewpoint of security. As capacity of the tankers does not exceed its upper limit, number of the tankers does not increase if capacity of the methanol production system increases. However, if the distance of methanol transportation is so long that it takes a lot of days from the production side to the consumption side, the methanol cost increases. Because more than three tankers are required lest methanol supply should be interrupted. Cost of electric power has the largest influence on the methanol cost. Change in the cost of electricity is almost directly reflected on the methanol cost. And it was found that the costs of electric power determine the costs of methanol. As for the influence of the costs of coal on the costs of methanol, while the costs of coal increase by three times from ¥2,000 to ¥6,000/t, the costs of methanol increase only at ¥0.49/103kcal. It was found that change in the costs of coal would have a small effect on the costs of methanol. From the aforementioned analysis, it has become clear that the most important condition to enable methanol production and supply by this system is to obtain a large capacity of electric power at low cost. The cost of methanol produced near the coal mine and transported to the shipping port by a pipeline was also estimated. In this case, reduction of methanol cost by omitting coal transportation is larger than increment by the construction of the pipeline, but the difference between the two was very small. So the location of the methanol production system should be selected carefully. Energy balance of the system is better than that in existing power plants ( oil- fired power plants, coal-fired power plants, LNG power plants ). Amount of C00 (10) emission of the system at plant factor 70% is larger than that of a LNG fired powerplant, but is smaller than that of coal and oil fired powerplants. In Chapter 6, the results of the investigation on the system, which was made for two years from 1991 to 1992, were arranged and shown. In simple economic comparison, the methanol production system is not superior to existing methanol production from natural gas. 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S. A 6, 180 5 Krasnoyarsk 1968 Russia (Eastern) 6, 000 6 Churchill Falls 1971 Canada 5, 428 7 La Grande 2 1979 Canada 5, 328 8 Bratsk 1961 Russia (Eastern) 4, 500 9 Ust-Ilim 1977 Russia (Eastern) 4, 320 1 0 Tucurui(Raul 1984 Brazil 3, 960 7, 260 3 G. Lhano) 1 1 Rogun 1990 Tadzhikistan 3, 600 1 2 Ilha Solteira 1973 Brazil 3, 200 1 3 Tarbela 1977 Pakistan 3, 046 3, 478 1 4 Gezhouba 1981 China 2,715 1 5 Nurek 1976 Tadzhikistan 3, 000 1 6 Mica 1976 Canada 2, 660 1 7 La Grande 4 1984 Canada 2, 650 1 8 Volgograd 22nd 1958 Russia (Europian) 2, 563 Congress 1 9 Pauro Afonso IV 1979 Brazil 2, 460 2 0 Cabora Bassa 1975 Mozanbique 2, 425 2 1 Shrum(Portage Mt) 1968 Canada 2,416 2 2 Chicoasen 1980 Mexico 2, 400 2 3 La Grande 3 1982 Canada 2, 304 2 4 Volga-VI Lenin 1955 Russia (Europian) 2, 300 (Kuibyshev) 2 5 John Day 1969 U. S. A. 2, 160 2, 700 2 6 Iron Gates 1/ 1970 Romania/Yugoslavia 2,136 2, 136j^± Djerdap I ## 1959 B* 380 ftRM. 1960 B* 360 1956 B* 350 utiM : Water Power 1993 fife - 5 - 1.2 1.2.1 jl ^ ji ¥—(D'm-fc CitfiQ (m3/s) CD7k^’^^H(m) X o fc^£ ti6o P= wo Q H e = 1000Q H e (kg • m/s ) ::i:wo te7k©#{&f£?llijKkg/ni3) •£% D. 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AA9^AI (D A A y\ *7— h (g)AA v;l/, 77'/>jl| -22- 2. 1-2 & x 7k jj 2025^An W- « ( CWh/fp ) ( T A ) (a)/(b) (a) (b) a / b it 3 JJ(± m A m3 m [AFRICA] Cameroon 115, 000 33, 032 3.48 © X Zaire 774, 000 95, 125 8. 14 © © [AMERICA] Canada 631,713 31,428 20. 10 © © Argentina 172, 000 43, 936 3.91 © © Bolivia 126, 000 15,615 8. 07 © X Brazi 1 1, 194, 000 233, 171 5.12 © © Colombia 520. 772 47, 772 10. 90 © © Ecuador 523, 840 18, 668 28.06 © © Mexico ^ 159,624 140. 425 ^ 1.14 X Peru 1.091.540 36, 377 30.00 © © Venezuela 277, 200 33, 744 8.21 © © [ASIA] China 1, 923, 304 1, 529, 780 1.26 India 600, 000 1,361,318 0.44 X Indonesia 709, 000 279, 779 2.53 Laos 150, 000 8. 504 17. 64 © X Bolnco n 199, 00031 S 20,000 ^9. 95 © © Myanmar 160, 000 70, 829 2.26 Nepal a 144,000" 37,086 ^ 3.88 © X Pakistan a 120, ooo" 285, 264 ^ 0.42 X riiUROPA 1 Fx USSR] Russia 1,669, 800 340. 163 4.91 © X Norway a 200. ooo" 4,486 a 44. 58 © X [OCEANIA] Papua New Guinea a 98.000" 7, 723 ^12. 69 © X 1 ) 7l/--> -V- 77^ iiiiBU t 'i y K * ->tWj ')■?>'/ > (DSKOtt&JiaL ®«£©5?tt $2. 1-3 O'- F'3-n) ©IHSiJSfeSltojili?^ $2. l. - 4 (cits ©5#©%#©i^iR^$f. 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SRy/xft ^p^a:£ LTx (KSSk) lU^iUd— R «i: ftt -5 a £ rti *< * £ V' fc> tiii « is H ©-® R b ii x -f t § # id ft Ic S3 M 4' I,' £#x i>tlio su Ea,6ss©s$icsvER (ieitsR) idx?(X7^»fl -p©Emm#R±RHic%6i@et,*5X)< cm, «wR©-®tciibft5K»s®* 1, 600°CK±©5R5f), ^BOjSfflRTSWttlc-DVTId, ©SRoRIt *,©«■ T'tt < SR • A. *dz'x-(l:^S;id±iE©®D8iSiR6T%$5©T\ @S T & 6©T\ ±kERolliId^tiO@iSddi5b©£l,btiTV5o (3) *Aig%lcNf 6 5R#%&#©m&l' ERKovridx 7kE%#l:Z6*d]A4#bdi6#A©ia#lc/ y y -;U$iiSlc mL/:ER* mztmitzm&m-mttnzid»^s&»^sBA-e*•). ±i$©j; ?cskosi -25- *2. 1 - 3 (57J t /%) 1973 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 m TOTAL WORLD 2247. 2 2813.6 3239. 2 3320. 4 3405. 4 3486.6 3561.0 3480.8 3423. 4 OECD 131 915.7 1092. 8 1138.9 1159.5 1183.7 1190.0 1224. 0 1262. 8 1240. 3 Australia 55.5 72.4 117.5 133.4 147.7 134.8 147.8 159.4 168. 1 Canada 12.3 20.2 34.3 30.5 32.7 38.6 38.8 37.7 39.9 G ermany 104.6 94.8 90.2 87.5 82.9 79.8 78.1 76.6 72.7 United Kingdom 132.0 130.1 94.0 108.1 104.4 104.1 101.1 92.9 96.1 United States 530.1 710.2 738.8 738.4 762.3 784.9 811.3 853.6 822.5 Other OECD 81.2 65.1 64.1 61.6 53.7 47.8 46.9 42.6 41.0 NON-OECD m 1331.5 1720.8 2100.3 2160.9 2221.7 2296. 6 2337. 0 2218.0 2183.1 APR ICA 68.8 121.1 176.5 180.2 181.1 187.1 176.8 181.5 185.1 South Africa 62.4 115.1 169.8 172.4 172.8 178.2 168.8 174.5 177.4 Zimbabwe 2.8 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.0 6.2 Other Africa 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.8 2.9 2.0 1.5 CH I NA 417.0 620.2 872.3 894.0 928.0 979.9 1054. 0 1066. 0 1086. 0 AS I A 129.6 179.2 229.0 243.5 258.2 269.0 279.8 285.4 298.9 I ndia 78.2 114.0 154.2 166.0 179.7 188.3 198.7 209.5 222.0 North Korea 30.0 36.0 39.0 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.5 40.5 40.5 South Korea 13.6 18.6 22.5 24.3 24.3 24.3 20.8 15.8 13.8 Other Asia 7.8 10.6 13.3 13.7 14.7 16.4 19.8 19.6 22.6 Ex USSR 510.6 553.0 569.0 588.0 595.0 599.0 577.0 471.6 409.3 NON-OECD EUROPE 195.9 233.2 229.8 229.2 230.7 230.1 213.3 176.3 165.9 Czechoslovakia 27.8 28.3 26.2 25.4 25.6 25.5 25.1 22.4 19.5 Poland 156.6 193.1 191.6 192.1 193.0 192.7 177.4 147.5 140.7 Romania 7.2 8.1 8.7 8.7 9.1 9.1 8.3 4.5 3.3 Other NON —OECD Europe 151 4.3 3.7 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.5 1.9 2.4 LATIN AMERICA 9.6 14.1 23.7 26.0 28.7 31.5 36.1 37.2 37.9 Brazil 2.3 5.2 7.7 7.4 6.9 7.3 6.7 6.2 6.5 Colombia 2.8 4. 1 9.0 10.7 13.5 15.3 18.9 20.5 20.5 Mexico 2.5 3. 1 5.2 5.6 6.2 5.6 6.0 6.0 6.0 Other C + S America 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.1 3.3 4.5 4.5 4.9 (1) Hard coal includes anthracite ond bituminous coal, and for the United States, Australia,and New Zealand, sub -biluminous coal. For further information see Principles and Definitions in Part II. (2) Where data for individual countries are not aval table,estimates have been included in totals. (3) Source: IEA/0ECD Coal Statistics. (4) Source: 1EA/0ECD ’ Energy Statistics and Balances of Non-OECD Countries ’ and Secretariat estimates. (5) Includes Bulgaria,Hungary,and Yugoslavia. «2. 1 - 4 CS7J t /m North OECD Japan Latin Asia Africa + Former Balancing World America Europe America Mid. East C. P. E’s 1 tern Exporters 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 1991 1990 i 1991 Canada 0.9 0.8 3.6 4.0 18.9 18.8 1.2 1.7 7.2 8.3 — 0.3 — — -0.8 0.2 31.0 34.1 USA 14.1 12.4 48.7 55.9 10.9 12.0 6.6 7.2 8.0 8.1 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.9 2. 8 -2. 6 96.0 98.8 Australia -- -- 19.3 22.9 54.1 59.6 1.2 2.8 28. 0 30. 9 0.8 2.0 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.2 106.1 120.2 Other OECD — — 11.3 8.2 0.2 0.4 -- -- 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 — -0. 4 1. 0 12.0 9.9 OECD 15.0 13.3 83.0 91.0 84.3 90.9 9.0 11.6 43. 2 47. 4 3.5 5.3 4.7 3.8 2.3 -0.2 245.0 263.1 Poland — — 13.4 12.0 — — 2.4 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 11.0 4.1 0.9 — 28.1 18.0 Ex USSR -- -- 9.1 8.8 8.3 6.3 — — 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.1 20.3 12.2 — — 39.5 28.1 China -- -- 2.8 3.2 4.6 5.6 0.1 0.1 9.0 9.5 — — 0.4 0.4 -- -- 16.9 18.8 Colombia 1.3 1.7 8.3 11.6 0. 1 0.4 3.0 0.3 0.6 — 0.6 0.7 ------13.9 14.7 South Africa — — 26.2 26.9 4.8 5.2 1.3 1.3 15.0 11.8 2.6 2.6 — — — — 49.9 47.8 Other non-OECD 0.3 0.5 3.7 6.4 1.5 3.5 5.5 10.4 TOTAL 16.6 15.5 146.5 159.9 103.6 112.0 15.8 14.8 69.7 69.7 7.0 8.8 36. 4 20. 5 3. 2 -0. 3 398.8 400.9 — 26 — KSrfTS^f&ftjigS-e** C ifrb, 6tl»'Oi$eiC j; o > 9J — nstt-Soffieicy ^y-;u|9iSicSL/c5S7i Tliti < 5o 5K©WI6icoVTli> LT*®T't£lt"#"3=, SROtt «*'**■ Tt>*§ < /:#!:# 3# T-^it1"5o -27- 2.1.4 075 -1' >7 5 OSffittSLOfflii LTMx 2.1. 1 J: 7 t5:4iL> S 2 S©yS->"-X©X ? 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SE;k A©%70%%ate#f 6, m#B#±©##WT$5. L^LAOA lssiss®%]a^snrv5^». c© fc». 7k47lC-7 l'T(4, fflrtOIAnlEA^hS < -. M4-^©#&##7)<%: SiS^ ©*stigfl%©^$i±tiv 0 ®sm 7 |y-y7©5to©E@a®«li,fb29ey 7 9 7 W lc ft 5> o 5At@9l#lBie4£) L Tft-M t L ^ Brt© i* Jl¥-mKlC 55tt©it^*1990^©59. 3%ri' 6 1995#!: 1452. 2% 4 7? #T$#6:+m-e&6. 5Mi©Eti • Ei8l4SSEtiii;ti: (PETRONAS) £^BjfeS©£6#-5-§gSK*k -y-7 9 ^WIcjoVTI4Miri iBintulu ©faTf'Ela • #&©£ C6. -9-7 9 7TA## B^EWLTl'S© 14Sarawak She 11 tt©^7?ft5o ©%##X 7 U- '>7©^^S**X©EEaSei4, 1954^5:57 ^ - h7:\ 5#IC#%f $ £ *9l00#/< HH:fiSt5, -e © 7 ft 1922^557 ^-h»<-9-795 ’W (Bintulu-MiriitfcK) left 5, -9-7 9 7ffl-ei4, 1978iglC7 ft- ->7 L N G6tt (MLNG : PETRONA S. SHELL. HgiSV, M&#©A#) ^'tSSlStU 19835F*'ft4S£Dfl& L4c„ #S©#Lb@l4BintuluTx 14750^ t /^TTftfto 140i:%. 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Merah fN -if71/ 6 33.4 Bintulu 3 * 108. 0 * * 1993$ 4 1C 4 ^a^'ilBflL, 4 *144. 0MW6%&?E„ -32- 2.2-3 S E S C ( M W h ) (MW) 1996 S E S C 0©yaoeSM%ltB(4> ia«Am%lc#X^-E >lc*#L/c Oikti^'TVSo 7k;d3T'td;LiiJibang_hBlt®MedamiUI| IcMedami t%H9r ( 5 MW, 199 W 8 M D/D 5cT) , SematanttffilcSungai Penindan/J\zk (310 kW) S E S COId;, h^$< BI£m»<@Vfi'7.?-E'>SSegr£®8m tcEEtllD^OttlSEi: LrefeSEteLTdb'9, Ra jangkl#© Am#;k* Id;# *©«R64-% LTl'6. ii7.9- e,>©*f4**Xlcol'Tld;, 2000^$T©® AS8SMLN G6©^7#@g/:A<, 200WJa^©®Affit§ld;_h#»<7S.Sdi Tl'4. <-©dc*k£>oT#', Kuching #aic#*%-#"6#T#AAld;#%f - 6C 6 bftllLTl'J. m&©»7 7 6, Bakun #©X Sti7kAl^SSiKlcai§:dh6i5Ilgttld;#$lc(5V' u- ->7©a^7s^iSSiHtLTi'?>©7, a*%e©#Aic«t o c n G © A A ts It B *< #. 7? ± 1- £oj fg tt *< 73: ^ 1111' A i' o -33- 1993^2 S ESC 0 ©7kA%S9r©Bfl%ttS!iitC) i jo D T* 5 0 ®«e* : 1 % A 108MW (Batang Ai) OkTk/lftlOift ,6£Bfc < „ HTat, ) ©seigtf 1 : ti L ©D/D, T/D 357 : 3 ift,9 3, 227MW (Ulu Ai, Pelagus, Bakun) @F/S E7 : ?£ L ©7 UF/S : lift,*, 900MW (Murum) SESCOtli, 198W©Master Plan Ttttti$ja/;51©«Mift* t:ol>t X LT, #I:#8%11 IftTS^-SjE L tZo •?'©7:p(55HiRajangll|±z>itl:£> D, i<0 Murum, Belaga© 4 ift.'SA'WS i: 4lx. i> flT V So 3)*#|@#7k7l S E S C Of © fc©liitKW/J'$ < $HS$8c*fc2000^Bt*T'500MW5$-e* <0 , Sarawak©Si67K/l COtf L+#/h£ Vc 66 T, Sarawak:®!® I: £4 L / iky —iklSie f8©e/j£*y>S C 4 liHJfiE4ST*. btiTVSo /:/: L(i* at»i, #* v 1/ - ■> 7 i Sarawak©m 1:600kmi: jo i,5 Sarawak©7kS1/J;£4£6fliJi:3H"#"5iitiS7)'i'#x. 5> jT,TVS„ 600kmi: joJ;^«E7-77Di: j;5.eiiiti2l»S: C 4 li^x.1: < v/k, Cffl/oyi) h ©Ito i: ©7k/jSSS©7< 9 J M:/£5il-&fc*k)?i5o (3)5 @6 l)7L/-'>7©EKiji|® 7U-^70ES«ll»li8 76597? t 7, ^©95%S$»<77 9 ? 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C. #!©4-#©Egr©%S©**Wtj:#A3 i uni, 6-%Ea©#mA<^©Egr@m©A# AE#^#SKf 63*tT*5. B.C.tNOfgOSfBi LTIiTA V * H*<*AT1992ifT42%££ii6TV'.5*ft #;V'T»±¥#*«*!£8tT38% i |b| ES©SJS6At6T*t)^ B. C. W©M-l>*!B* ;£-S&'S±¥#lt&®l::|Sjti' bftT V'5©*!#*'-Z>„ B. C. #!(±5i6^BS7k^> ASS Ax, ESx i& j* £' x * ;b 4^ - K fi I c S $ ft AWT* So 99%tttij©E^6B< iB.C.tm±*3> ASSAx%#m Lx Hr66 IftALTjotK 1960^ ©mm-eiiJ:ft7t/f-^#-Cli83PJ(lPJ=10" y zl-7V) „ ^x^;t^-T'li8%©Aait£oTt^. L»'L, ^St2010lp£ Tlchft ASSA%©#m©i#micz D, b.c. wtiE^oxftyi^-iSdiBj: A5H.iiLT *6. EKliSblmitilcATbftazbft Cft%#&5 6B. C. Wtima^65%±0 & X -k 7b 4^ — Tf: E ^tT^Tt^o jc*;l/f-E#©#m6 LTIi, 50ft ASS Ax, SlttHSUcoV'TItKiyiT' ffb ft TV'•£,»<', «3l:c *1. 7 %©ADliai, 2. 7 %©EiSfiESx 3. 9 %©#j«±#£E!8 -38- i, -fv A y^^-oWest Coast Energyti: i. A © HI 315: it K =fc D WS6 6 tlX jo 0, B. C. MT'dlS vl/f-gmt LTffl©^jL*yl/4 ::"-iSB©22%^tit^LTV5,o 2 ) Manitoba#! Manitobaffll4Jfc*©i4i*lc6E L, ffifi(i657Jkni (H*©2eii)^dt 1,225 km-edfcSBOHudson^'tiVK 655km©$^ie^WtZ„ K ±8Bumm©mmdi m#6 LTIi, ffllBWinnipeg©Vi6im'Sli 1 12°C, 8ti^23°CT&tl, *S liE L L < , ^PallWiUti: 400-— SOOmnT 6 ~ 9 Ic^ldTS*^ M'PtZc HudsonS*'6Mexico?i(cS-Sdt*ffl^df bA'^lallS©—Stc&H U Manitoba#! © A 0 li 1990^S6 10977 AT\ #!S5Winnipeg(C (iA© ? t>©637) A*<@A?i'5. Aa©tti#BSiJ©«6Ri Lrii^H$(i58, oooA) , K'f'yJS (96, 000A) , C7 27dd-I(8, OOOA) , 77>Z» (56, OOOA) , X n -y 5 5 > K* (41, OOOA) & if < x ®ffiStr*5'( >-r-f T tl£„ Manitoba#!©S5m«* »- lix#, SSI, SiiSSI, 8£SI, ##%6'©%*@©$m^mm* SiSSI, 2 ikSSIIi GDP?18%, mm»T16%t AA6. SSL W:#, ##, S.S *££"©$ 1 fcmMli GDP, Hffl&t 9 %££it>60 Manitoba#!TliE8IStt!l:©A»©gPBd£iTe ©APJT'aStofaEOfflA^'ffdPtirfc'D , C© —Si LTR©0ntario 1dJ$giiitl-$-Suigi; LdcCanowapa7kd7Bfl%d: C tllc-a t>ti"7:B&ic3l11(Bipole 3)© fif aiom k;k 17® ■7 5tH^'a©bnrv5o ManitobafflXrStitiS tl5£/c5—it^d-©U4:'-Sli7j<*^Hc j: SEAT* 0 , Stt, AB*'xtiliiAtc * Ad-'^SBlcSE^S^'-f 'f >»Mi^te1"5Central Gas Mani tobatt(B. C. WT'SE^d; West coast Energyti;© 100%tB%©? Ati:) © * A 5'*t8WT-''' -i ~f v A 39- >-h'Z>30kmmj*©|SBT4> 6. ManitobaMmJL^A^-eteli^.A'X. %f] t fc®!6T$«-ei990^lc*5 75 0x **^i. 11, e #A<2. 5 0ItT-S5o (2)S®*^J 1 ) B. C.W B. C. MefSiSESSSoBC HydrolcJ:5*M%7k^O-K*E2. 2 - 5 Ic, -e O&H^H2. 2 - 1 i:it» 2. 2 — 5 British Colombia#l©^M5lf2®7K^3 16 iii A (MW) ItBth*(MW) fiiifoi) Peace Site C 900 900 60 4. 73 Keenleyside 240 240 55 1. 16 Murphy Creek 275 275 60 1.45 Stikine-Iskut 2, 900 2, 900 61 15. 50 Liard rever 4, 318 3, 190 66 24. 96 Falls River 15 15 36 0. 05 Seven Mile 202 202 16 0.28 Homathko 895 710 55 4.31 Elado 340 340 70 2. 08 Border 250 250 74 1. 62 McGregor Lower Canyon 360 360 62 1. 96 Kemano Completion 520 520 60 2. 73 Wanmeta (Ext) 380 380 28 0. 93 Brilliant (Ext) 150 150 44 0.58 Shuswap 55 55 89 0. 43 Beatrice Lake 31 31 68 0. 18 Boat River 12 12 26 0. 03 Peace Site E 600 - 53 2. 79 Skeena 1, 300 - 53 6. 04 Yukon-Takku 3, 700 - 67 21. 72 Thorsen Creek 3 - 53 0.01 Duncan 25 25 48 0. 11 -efflffi 14, 969 - 61 79. 99 30, 797 10, 225 - 173. 64 B. C. WdtSlilctitEt •5 StikineJII-p LiardJII®KfiXrS■£>„ 2) Manitoba^ Mani tobaffl© %il 125^)7 "5 Manitoba Hydrolc jt 6 A (#%#»& r#© Lime Stone%®iSliUW) © —K*S2. 2 - 6 lcx -e © fit B * H 2. 2-2 Cijtf. -40- B.C. HYDRO LOCATION MAP FOR MAJOR GENERATION PROJECTS i. Existing Hydroelectric Projccl * Existing Thermo I Project A PolenlioI Hydroeleclric Project □ Polenliol Thermo I Project i. c.u.sunuu I. ACACC CAHYOH 1 UICA 4 *CV(LSTOKt X 00 UK AY CHIU. i. seven uiLe r. OUARA AO r M e A u A L 6 RUSXIN 1 CmCakauu S io oniocc invem ir. joint ha a r 12 JOHOAM AIV(a e a $r KOorcttAY • me AMAt Brh-i.1 /a z-v r e 0 2.2-1 B. C. #ICD7K*iti® U. S. A. Lciurie RiVcr El 301.8 t\D DEVELOPED SITE POTENTIAL SITE 30 50 70 90 110 Kilometres Irom Lake Winnipeg 2.2-2 v- h 2. 2 - 6 ManitobaM©5fcW3S&jK3lc* !tatiti*(Mw) 3S£i*W-(TWh) Conawapa 1, 290 62 7. 01 Gillam Island 850 67 4. 99 Gull 535 62 2. 91 Birthday 540 69 3.26 Whitemud 310 63 1. 71 Red Rock 190 70 1. 17 Wuskwatim 350 72 2.21 Manasan 215 89 1. 77 First Rapids 250 64 1. 40 4,530 - 26.43 fit LXttt NelsonJUT^tc titf S43 LTU5o 3) *&tf2fB t 4o 0 > ^§93£©7kfjSISFxji: L^LB. C. *) ^7^tj(Dm^{zm &0 Manitoba#! Co 6 LT^lffi^k/JC £Sfj£IE® (Cdd L> CCDJ; 9 ^t^r£(cfe^T> ^f-y(:4olf 67k^^#(h LT(d:Manitobam^^m6f 6C6 6 L. (3) ^ SJ fil j|£ 7k /J 1)%f]#^©#% Manitoba Hydro fc J; {/Winnipeg Hydro© 1992^ 4 ft 14© 7k/7##pf (WinnipegJII ic 4 #p/\ |f560MW > Saskatchewan)!! tc 1 ts p/r440MW ^ LaurielHC 1 ^p)r, 10MW, NelsonJI|©^niA^^lf3, 818MW)£W LT V So f © (Ax ^H©±/: 6Manitoba Hydro(f> If 369MW ©/cfj^Sp^r^^W ##©b°-^Be, (#2.2-7# MB) Manitoba Hydro©#f7^#(f ^ El 2. 2 — 3 CiTkif %@©^itii©®fj^t± -e©3^ 1, 833km(fNelson Ri ver^Epf — 43 — Manitoba Hydroffl^^M,* Lie Jttlif, 1992^6#,6,T 4, 500MW©|H35gBr|gts:e ^**©■5 6 (82 2-6 #E) . 4#25f T82. 2-8 2, 530MW^fflrt 5$E, db'J;t>'#l8EiKl/<-x©ISitiiffl j: 2. 2 - 7 Manitoba HydrottiSti —5t 2-1 tK^j Great Falls Winnipeg!!! 6 132, 000 Seven Sisters Winnipeg!!! 6 150, 000 Pine Falls Winnipeg!!! 6 82, 000 Me Arthur Winnipeg!!! 8 56, 000 Grand Rapids Saskatchewan!!! 4 472, 000 Kelsey Nelson!!! 7 224, 000 Kettle Nelson!!! 12 1, 272, 000 Jenpeg Ne 1 son!! 1 6 126, 000 Long Spruce Nelson!!! 10 980, 000 Laurie River (2) Nelson!!! 3 10, 000 It 3, 504, 000 Xh Brandon 5 237, 000 Selkirk 2 132, 000 ^73 It 369, 000 /J\ It 3, 873, 000 DIESEL: Brocket 825 Garden Hill 3, 665 Gods Lake Narrows 1, 200 Gods River 525 Lac Brocket 525 Oxford House 1, 775 Pikwitonei 500 Red Sucker Lake 950 St. Theresa 1, 475 Shamattawa 825 Tadoule Lake 700 Thicket Portage 500 Wasagamack 1, 100 /j\ it 14, 565 3, 887, 565 -44- 2.2-8 gift® 7k* Mis its S m (MW) (GWh/%) Conawapa 2000 1230 7045 Wuskwatim 2007 340 2200 Birthday/Gull 2011 540 3265 Manasan 2014 195 1670 First Rapids 2015 225 1400 2) t L T V 5 C £ »' b. Manitoba HydroOSS LTfc 0 „ $itt®*n^EE®1*i|:4#(±x 2. 6 t ( **y-tr > h) T*3„ 1971$^bl989$IC^Ij-T®m#m#*^b®iRA®#c;ii^#5. 1 %?■£> <0 , H»$M®#@±#A<##6. 3 %-eh^tzZ £ kkbgctZ £. 1 %ffiTL *$)$£* 5= C*.U*0^g^®mA%%®<-x£*5%«. @@Eii«$S ^M-r-5#ffl®H»fflz:®* *feE< Cii'lSSti'So **f'®±0##R^.®m*#A®#l%#2. 2 - 9 2. 2 *0 —rTn ' e*#& (**y $) •7— b/■i'/N'f K□ 184,000 A-tKn'rky2 208,000 Kn 231,000 a : 10, 000KW. 5,840 MWh/*®^%®#A 3 ) S&flJ2I* ittitij *J»(ill2. 2 - 3 IciF-tek -7 lcii4Httiic@StiTV5, jotj-5«E 1*^iil993^® 500MWfrb 20023$ Cfi 1, 650MWICitSPi- 6&&&V&6„ $16 ipr=1®fii9*lj;65%»Mi 75% 4 ti -o T V 5, „ SI:. It. 7 t°-7»tfcJ:0'B7kMi:litil$4aTt'-So #6®am##?im. ±K®M%:+mt jta#KT®«*®*E«*A®$#ai i. fi*. 8 2. 2 -10l:^f 6£#^.b*. $Itt ltHStLTI.'7j:vS%;£-$l9iAt,' — 45 — 4007JkW(ciI1- 3 t £ ft 6 o Manitoba HydroSWIaflUflElcoVTtix 2 WtfWIKiT 6 ^ ldj#)i®-ofS5„ 2.2-10 ##j#±®?#l i-mti ii«. (MW) (MW) 1996 1, 191 770 2006 343 335 2016 930 272 2026 1, 370 628 (4) 5 K 5t7d-^'®/'-K3-;b®1990^B#*.®5tlga®«(i 4, 509 ’g ‘dJ b >T'£,-£<, £ fcx 199W®5K®$$li54WF b 'yr ctiKULWSTi h 3157J b itk X b y ? ®l|ftl»< 2 W7? b >T* o BfiTiiSSWF b C®ycS!i2000ipTtj:> 4S70WZT b $ftA 7 W7J b ^ b RS43W7? b >is,$dtirv5,= c®ytia®4=x y d'; -nw&x&mtti&m 157) b >@g®SK®#mii* LTlifbWiViSrx. bft-5, 7kt)%nt LTNelsonil|®«d7^m%L^W&ER®#*&7c6 LTfi btl-S © tix Mani tobafitB®Saskatchewan:N'k Alberta btk British Co 1 omb i abH & bll T' zb * A y®EKl±> IHttAlber tabN fc ColombiafflOBSBT-eOiiiAii'^ffitB^n^o EoT> 5Kilt(4S#®77 > b'7b<3|x. *4r-XlcjoV'TiiS 3 $T?ll5E-i 5 J; •? ic AlbertabHBBB ® 5R© 9 %Coal Val ley^ilS L bc0 (5) 4>75 1) 7k^$SimjoJtO:]$eil 3SS*Kffit*S&Nelson/l|iiH'i;AglfJiA£fc©i LTKettled, 272MW) , Long Sprue A£ £•*<£, D s ft 1, 000km©i$mi5:i6Kj: I) bHSSWinnipegiCiSId ftTfc 0 > %«eii. isesoaisx aetcMdosPoisiiiAft'o — 46 — 2) fctktfy 9 J Uttos, Van CouverSliA^-^'eftSto^^EiS® —3t'S5. ®?EVD°Di ^'lci6 L) T:? — i 7-;U;M??^jaT jo *7 n Mx.lt 5 Kit Neptune Coal Terminal SjT.Tt'5o Neptune Coal Terminal If^S 7007? h L#77%R-oT *5 19, SSiET- 4407? h >05K^'«*^'d tlfc, C ©SK© It £ A C. N. R (Canadian National Railway) tC. P. R (Canadian Pasific Railway)iz j: -o T# H»'bVan CouverSS T'6^il$SiSd tiT jo *3 / ? J -HW&-?? > P £77 05 KffiiticiHiffiiitiv. cottiSiefevry ^ y -/i/©jMtti LiSe^BIS: Lilfflf •SCilcML'f >77±©iyfflld; -47- 2.2.3 77 xlk (1)E U 77 y;V(i260fflil^*SlB"eS <0 , @f#(i 8517JkniTr B £ ©22f£T. ffidt4, 320km. $B4,328knilCt)7tkiS*l:joVTIt* 5F#fll©^d,TK 21/if-V ^Bk'Tto©10-yB't' £1). 7"? 7;D#A0*RrPiiAO# 1, lOOTJAO-th w^cu -d □ ®600ddA7:i'$77 x ') 7(il807?A'eAm?ti77 xlD# 5 6T&6. SvEii^ux. $dt$® -3k vf-f$-dotmstf*dbgR©m@%wid ssik tw^us ifOitBSBiEliliSfjrttSaET-* 7„ Eva±K*flELTV> < oj>0gii«I4 L Tk'-So fifflBtidOV ViiJimT'&Zo 7 7 x ;l/©S6llil990^© GDP (Gross Domestic Product)*'' 5, 264 KVA —A ^ d: k) 0 G D P *' 2. 020 Kvl/^ *S*T'li*A0*ipSIS-o T V 5 =, 75^*14, 3- t-. #@. tfuxy. nnytii'oll, £ i-lctiS. Efldi: if®SS. * w. a*<, 6#im#*'GDpo4o%mm T'E@J6<)t;iev'lfcip*£i6Tdot). *V"e 9 %EE®6D% • /J'dtS i I$t3f*6a£^ ~C si SI tB P^ *' 8 ~~ 9 %X:'£n;V'CV-6o ^ dz . As.. 3 — h—. 5 *4 iiSS, usaig • $oaax *1. E CftH. 0*. 7;Hfxf- X^ *-E'IC|6tliSnTV5 0 77 x;t/®19854##dr® G D P#(7#td:1985^*' 7.9 %. 1986^*<7. 6%£®ve£diU,dz»'. 1987^li3. 6%. 19881? iZ ii-0. 2%. 1989 l?(i 3.3%. 19904?(i-4. 6%tig-&jAAdz„ C©fe*. 19701p m. 5%tSvgiSi$:E6>S($Ldz77 x;DE6Ki. 19801? ft (i2. 0% £(6W$C/lz $ otl'5. 77 xiD©X$l±. *'-3Tldftf4D aaJPllill*'E'C.'T*^ A*'. $*Si. Erti • Er6 ffc^xst£i'iissdfeiicj;oT. • im• flfttisig*. $MiH•-«sts«. Ema%6'td:4mA#l:XoT%mLT#T$)ki. ISoSftfM'iSATt'L *'L. Xi41I8®T- 1/36£»TV.E>*S. 5SgfiP^0fff$lcX k) BflES*' SifiU IS@Pd©fi8S;* 51- 75 'S)UD—>x(i, ;kA#t *t 7j h>T-*oA (|p|^©B*© —428W7J h >) „ 75 vAli 1970f -by > K to/4;U7tii"©x*;V4 :-'-^?g*SS ;£'41-C,'i:l$-(k iifctifcik %%©5*@#l: j:6#A5*a#©gm^E#LTx f ©%;k 7;U3-;utij:'©5toRS^*;b+'-©Bg%. am*m©gg%. $#«© ieAK^6AiiT8TV5<, d©^S. 7;m-ii/^ili* fflCiLT«fc475i-jl7i-.r*Tfe!), Bfi5?64S©^$16tlliA (1970#ft '<£¥©177J' 16 *t 143 J; ft W 40' ~F T V 5 7A ZtMTJl? -;U©Wffl©ffiifiH±t:j£4p ®Sa©%iS4) TOE : Ton Oil Equivalent (5### 1 >) 75 —^a©«fiEtt©*»43j;!>'1990^9 n WE C$g&A- x ©2000ip 1:43(4 5}|$ffi££rFi: 4k "t". C©ffi(;l7k4HM%i: KBfl?£MSilSi:ifiJ6 b tit: C 140A § &MS i tf -> Tl> 5. 1979 1989 2000 40. 4 28. 2 25.5 eti 27.3 38. 1 41. 5 21. 6 14. 8 12.5 2. 8 4. 4 6.5 5. 3 7. 0 5.0 7 ;l/ =3 — ;V 1. 0 3. 9 2. 5 0. 4 1. 6 4.0 f ©% 1. 2 2. 0 2.5 ^ :t 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 -52- (2 j&MTktl v „ S:±-CM%Rrtg»i LT255GW A HitiX is>Js c© -5 SSt/SOGW^ 22%» ttSlfcJ:r>'fl$Rff«» 128GW C©# ®©*Bfl%SS7kAI±6*T*8 l'o H2. 2-4 ICBLBTROBRASHWS i »fc*M5ga®7k AOEsItticBSt" 5 t- 9 %&+<, z ©Hie =kti(i±T,5!i^;/:jt®7-7V>ti6®©*M%aS** ;S-*^K x y 7 -a^ -xrlt l Skwtisos®**^'#®.*•BViiSSdtirfc'D, c© -) as £3. 5US i /kWh*$TBfi%T-S se^60%. 5. 5US t /kWh*«-e(±80%g$-e* S -53 [mu/m Sudeste/Centro-Oeste Nordeste 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 1 5 125 135 145 [US $ /MWh] El2. 2.4 7 7 VJl>(D5fcm¥£&M7kt) — 54 — (3)A$JSK** 1) nttm&ouM ~f 7 i? Jl'OWtj&Md* _kT';^ L 7 7 i1 fUS^fT 0 H W&SBLETROBRAS© t> t K, Sl/<7l/© 6 . fflfciO'ffiffJ L/^^30^ gKlO©A:+46 7? y b (1990 ^T5l1IS:*e©90%) , Z SUfcgR 7, 217MW. db$ 3, 979MWi Eg0S=£*5$S|5> ®E6|Sx **815^0 i+Mitis. fSE§r©»#J'eti> 7kdi 5,looTdkwic*L, 735 TJkW. 667Jkre* 0 C0#|S]WEIC##7&O^ Tkdl© 2 * 3, 005fftkWh T'Zfe5©lc *#, @Edition-eft isogkWh, 20«kwh r-*So Ee®i:oVT(i*Sti7kdl^6«Bi6©E$16^IS^-i;'5tt^6.> ft BE II, *S «©b©*<»^ '55tTii±600kV7i<'ffiV6nTV5 = 75 y;E©edlEEIil990^T'2, 171®kWhT* 0 . 4£¥t=l 6 LT V 5„ * 20%W#%B* 10%* 2) ntifflmm y'7 v;l/©*dlEEIix 19804#*^ 6, 1990# 5. 8%g®TriiJn Ldc^\ 4#6 C©i@[S]A<#m L, 1990#©200. 8TWh»'6.2000^0351. 9TWh£gT2010#IC ti 613. lTWhlcii1-^tESStlTV5o C©E#l:*LT$%L*«dl^#$8f 6*&0#*@5P90IM#lcNf 3**W7j: #i^(iJitT©ifct5T'*5 : 1) SS«i6 6nTV5Ei5-lt@iEffl7n 77*05S<£ 2) f2viefflT'0g|yit 8 :#0{Eii 3) m%ic@*L/:7k^mm©m% 4) Edi^SfT©#^* ;i/f— 5) Sjk^a^tBSFicdb'VT/cJL^ov^'-tt^lts -55- — 77Mz y^-'y : Garabi 7kA%%x 5S8EiS5Sx 55 £K 5? X — '■'7?*7'f : Itaipu 7k 57^111 — # U t'7 : Puerto Suarez A57##x A$87?7> Esperana7k5]%% — a;^x'tl7 KM T'7 y;l/Oa®7k55l±5telcj$^<5c j; 7 tc^(*"C'255GW iEAT*Dx 7 7 '/ > % * -G'lcRB^'EStLTVSo GOH60X/SS 3. 5 0/kWhJitTx 80%»< 5. 5 it /kWhJirfT §s%»<'=rtgistiTfc't)x co 7K*osbmoiiisi ^X7 66UX6. $ Ax X7 y;b^:<*-e(±24»flfT©7kAXa -y * 7 h» £o *ff©ltlt:*'3'< «g«fi£©SM^MIcJ;titi'x 1990^tc55. 2GWT* -o AMIS: «tix 2000*plc (±83. 3GWx 2010^1:(±156. 8GW AiiLx 2000^ft*S UTTkAOA:* Blcyt-^|S:«kb$ti@to90%6$IS1--5i*xbtiTV'5,„ iiSaaSKBfl LTli«ai©Bg% 6A<\ 7" 7 v7l/©t@Ax 7 7-/>©7k57%tllc«k 5S55 6x EgO^-kT* 3 Belo Horizonte x Rio de JaneirOx San Paulo © & 3$$Sx do Z CX$T©E#i#T* 5 Recife tSalvador ©*3mdb@;*#*%^im«f 3C 65,<##E@6 A3. *SfS 7kAM%%n-o A#Ax c©iieia:#©Sfi(iSeiOGWx SgSS 2, 000-3, 000km ig AA fc©ifi3„ C©m#©5:&©#*6 LTIiUHVDC6UHVACA<*3A ©SIS:liBa5g©iinTV'5,7v'/>ifi5^iaE§x iifta (OP GW) 4i'©t'>77 asm @#K#l:6A3m#K*x *«S©*$#4£^'©StSaT©E@6 A/UTua. «±©#K©*Tx LA7kAm%£x 77-/bit$ $©egni!$T®ft$gsfeii©ais©oJs^4'$©43S*fl©7'7 v;u©iiae 3&;&£ 6A3> £#A bti5>« 3) A#l@#7kA t'7 V7l/©@#7k5]li7 7 V">%r#'DI: 7 r-A^-Xt 1 {#kWJil±5> -56- 2, 000km fct±* 4-*889lc (i-£©£ < tSStl5C 6 SftBo TucuruiT'o y x ? bT'S Bo C © 7 o 7 x? hTli^Ai: LTId: 800SkW©E*S» Sti5g54}^^VT*¥»<^fi£L<£^6> ##?&©?:& 4007JkWffl»miS:SS» ^^©*^'*a®CsK$tlTl'5c, C © 7 o 7 x ? hcDUftlCfefco TliT^i 7 A- ; ©titSeWSiS©?.:;*, £i*B £ £ £<7? # teA'o A0 Cfflttza©^. 75 7A'iciiy ? y -;bKat:#Li#Bi-??0:@m*yiA £3;X. i>ilBo lulft"C'iE^<7l'c J; •? 1C Colombia Ecuador £ <616 £ L 7 5 7 lb ©@i)ic ld;*gflf6SE7KASS©®zRtii6iS»<*$ oTfc-D. £ ti t> ©HE (SSHSlcffi< WM<£l6,6^H%4®x.Tgfl mf a) tff-3/:@Ax 75e-ic^in-#-*. 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Paso Diablo iiilj©J£?S 1.5 57? b 7 19 9 2 Fi la Maestra !6ilj©t£5S — Socui teilj©M$l f # 7. 0 57? b 7 19 9 2 -57- NaricualKlll® 1. 0 SJ5 h > 19 9 2 Tachira " " 0.7 h > — Mina Norte " " 3. 0 1"^ h > — Cachiri /z " 3. 0 W7j h > — Pararu ^PbWEV 25 W7J h > — (4) ^>77 y f> h^liciitii, §i£7^ v>m^n TfcCU #Cf%mW:#Uo 2-1) Coal Information 1992, OECD -58- SS 3 Sc ^r - x 7 ? t •{ 3.1 (r-X 1 (v W-vT. 7k*ZE^y ^y- 7USajS->xxA©y-xx^-r-f HtSli Lr> Tffl-b-57 ?*N£*f£(;:fcl*£?T-jo *IIB(i> SRajang;i|±e1t«(c|tlik © Bakun7k*^1fi1rT-%4Hwril|'t>*®S#CfitiS'r5 Merit Pila $6tit ©ERS-SJfflLT, |a|M#»©]:#@im^#f 5 BintuluttKTy * /-iVKiS^n© t©T&6. %4L^S*liE*BT\ BintuluifiKST-fftii-rs fcOi-f 5. fc:fc\ ib6?$ Merit Pi la&Otlt&EIc k * J - ibSitZx > k SISIt* Z - X fcifjU SiSStlfck ^ y -;t/*/<-i' Zv'f >ICT Bintulu*Elc#m-#-&#Al:o t'Tkflf-tkTitiS&ItLAco (0 3. 1-1-2 #E) 3.1.1 ?kt> (i)atS7k -n ©SEia;7k*^*Bff x 1/ — y 7B"tf" 7 7 ? HITl±x ffiStlftSt (Remote Area)^-#,%$f#6"#"6 ; — ykts%nwi (—-yfifrab^DEWkW) S-I&tttf, Batang Ai 7k^#m%A ©*#M7k^l%#RitT&5o Batang Ai 7k*%S9rlil98WaEISic## L, 1985^1:%!, iHE^BSte L/:» IStSiii^ti 108MW (27MWx4)T\ 275kV ©S$fcii*ifc!j?lc X <0 Kuching fcj; y'Sibu© 2 ^BICiHIISftTV.Bo ©$B#%7k^#A -y-7 7^©sa7k*(i> 1980 — 1981^(cH®$tlAcvX^-7"7 > l@ 3t (c =fc tl (i\ Sink*, ft20GW, «j87TWh/^i:SklTV5»Z Rajang)l|©S®7kA» IC^t'c SSTk^OEg^rS 3. l-llC7:t"o -59- _____ 1SEMENANJUNG 500kV L- 167km MALAYSIA Tonjung Kldulong Tubau ! KALIMANTAN KL = I26 Km bintul U, MMA-LJ- = 126km Bakun ?2x 'belaga Merit Pilo w s m 1SARIKE1 500kV L= 143km KAPIT 50 km HI 3. 1-1 If HI ft >T—7s u iir y £ j:bl3i$ : EET-y^y-;USi5S 16 7km 12 6km BAKUN7k*5gmSi 14 3km MERIT PILAEE @3.1-2 T-X 1 ©7k*SSS9r • /xififcjiyii&aj Lit — 61 — 3.1-1 +l-5 7 7©7k*® * m ?sr HI tk * tk A ntlm (MW) *1 (MW) *2 (GWh/#) Rajang Kapit TflSffli 11 2, 110 2, 110 14, 700 // Kapit 16 6, 700 10, 720 46, 700 Baram 6 1, 800 2, 880 12, 600 // Tutuh 5 660 1, 056 4, 600 // Tinjar 2 160 256 1, 100 Tatau Tatau 1 70 112 500 Limbang Limbang 4 360 576 2, 540 Trusan Trusan 5 490 784 3, 500 Lawas Lawas 1 100 160 700 A It 51 12, 450 19, 920 86, 940 *1 : ISttf'Jffl* 80% *2 : tzmmm 50% (tk# : SESCO, GTZ, SAMA Consortium, SESCO Master Plan for Power System Development. 1981 ) (2) Bakun Tktl^Bfitrltli 1t5 7?Wrt-e**©7ktjKSi# ;£ff 5RajangJI|tc£oT, *gtfISg3Sift£i L xcntr^< ©sisicjto-rsiiwx-^gfltstu e&E^tt^ievtiksj: $tl5 Bakun7k*%S@rlfi6^Ir-xx j'T-f ©#mtf 6. (DBE#©ISfi%ltHi (S 3. l-2fciaia 3.1-3-—5 #fi3) Bakun ItHitti.'S.lix Rajang)l|±^ffl/J''S5rtTBelaga©±s5tft40kmiCfitH Ln Kki\ mt> 2,4ooMw©*sfii?7kyftg;%mtBT* *!+Bli-9"5 7 ^nm#*St*©%mtB-e*i), 1981#tc3i:®£titc r-9-5 7 ^7k^Jgg%-7X^-7'5 >J 1Ci ^©#7 < - -7 t" U -r-f SSkkSliiStU *ltHliU-57 7 A ZCtlt/ «S78«M$) eE©t9$lcj;i9. *&©tt<$li5J fgT'£> 0 |S|ItHli-7 U- ->TE&Fleft LT^tktE?')&$■ fete £ tu 1986# 3 flitanttic9gt--6®tifi***ig» -62- MiLMSSilfc ifi7c^l5:SK5©Sy fciboT, 19874ptcSe>lfBli m±.lftU-?tzQ B © a ^ ^ O ® |S) ^ ^ l ^ t © it is fc *-5 o 3.1-2 Bakun (Ei¥® ItB) If g m s # # sr m g — RajangJII kd 14, 750 if 7®7k®fl // 695 ttmwLAm m/s 1, 440 ^ 7k {±L m 228 7k E 7k & // 175 if 7k S m 106 m1 43, 800 *aiT7k8« // 27, 500 m — •t^iiTk^D 7 ^ 7 7b " fHJ S m 210 // 900 Tk'SSE — lStffiE (# 4, 300A) % m/s 1, 640 Wi m 170.6 it MW 2, 400 (300 MWx 8) @ 10fkWh 18, 000 Sarawak-Sabah-Kalimantan { Ml 132 kV 95 km , HVAC(500 kV) 665 km % Sarawak-Peninsular Malaysia : HVDC(500 kV) 675 km, &Ei£S(375 MW) 650 km, HVDC(500kV) 130 km X: 106 M$ 7,815 (1985 ^<-X) X (itilR) Bakun $£Wp/t 4, 094 (Bakung-Bintulu) 270 HVAC (Bakun-Tubau) 212 HVDC (#Emm&#) 2, 126 HVAC (Tubau-Kota Kinabalu) 906 HVAC (Tubau-Bintulu) 207 (Hj# : Project Information Bakun Hydroelectric Project, Ministry of Energy, Telecommunication and Posts, Malaysia, March 1986) -63- DIVERSION CHANNELI SPH1WAY POWEBAT POWERSTWXUPE MAKE POWER HOUSE «vtAS£_wit5_oyuETj DIVERSION TWEIS 1 -5 Bakun 9 A ©5g*8tB©l,EL^It 1.3.3 ±f5©K#©Bakun ItB^Tk/l/EMy 9 J - )im& •> x f-z § w 11 z> t -t s fc © km , jtLfcM£fr-3fc„ a 3. l-6i:!tB&!t©El67 n -£*1-0 tifc\ #%*#- 1 &#m. 2)#M0# 2, iooMw©itB» > USE^SOBintulu tt&E$Xr©il«i§lie!§*£*« L/cSAM 14, 5.08 Mt /kWh (2. 54R/kWh) iAofco tijb\ Utiom&m Merit PilateOji LAiSS (ib6i$) IC-3VT14, i$ miS©@ft^'filS$tl5. C £/>'&, SAMI45. 03 M0 /kWh (2. 52R/kWh) t U <0 , eiagflFsstBfc^y'hbisEBoES^s 3. . -70- HWLfflftlt waif7kg»©^ft kWh 3/C9B1S:# a i) r«^rn?j.n • n-mf El 3.1-6 □ -? +■ - P -71- 3.1-3 Bakun 7kt]^@^r#t@#W (#t]#%&o3c:Bintulu%E) nn me Learns # % M Jll « — Rajang River w 14, 750 ir #7k@# // 695 W. L. 228 m ^FaW^A* m/s 1, 560 7k # 7k # EL m 228 m E 7k & // 175 WSjEzkSe 106m3 27, 500 f'A|# m 210 m^^^Tk# m 1, 640 m 154 m tj MW 2, 100 at ^F=m4S*« 106MWh 18, 400 1mmmtim. ®j &##]#$ % 100 it m e kV 500 H, $s $m m km 167 Bakun ~Bintulu %w.mxmm 10 SMS 7,434 1992^B#6 A 0 mw&xms. // 545 // // 7, 979 // mtiM // R/kWh 2. 54 1 MS = 50 R ^ jta&m (mjimttiVt: Merit Piiamm, mmmmm 143 km) 0 /kWh 5. 03 & // R/kWh 2. 52 IMS = 50 H -72- (3) Pelagus 7k*%*Sfltli Bakun 150km©Rajangjl|#»itlePelagus ItB%A^$i SESC ooniiL/cF/s sssic It B (c J; -5 m tl t> -tt T ?|J ffl L tz m & © S tl # tf lc o l' T S * L tz „ ®»Oltffljo=kt>'^01,aL^ltH©E$;£8 3. l-4(c^to C tile 660MWii5a1-5 fe©©, 2. 9R/kWh±: 9 , Bakun It ■ #»©*!£•leit^ 0.4R/kWhH< 4'5o Pelagus ItHOJIS&te£ i) Merit Pila$£iJj®-SM<7k&'t5C£^ffiStiT&iK *ltB S*» ilifflitTFBfl-esso-ec crit^ltLtiv. 3.1-4 Pelagus 7kt)^ESritBE- 11 g m#0itm HE Lit® # # M HI « — Rajangjll ir krf 21, 020 r$7k®fl // 325 7k ^ Nf 7nt 7k m 57 E tK tiz: // 45 | [rJ £ Wx66T7kSl // 3, 060 y — ]>?'M Wl£j /z m 70 % H^{£ffl7k3 m’/s 2, 180 m 43 it MW 770 690 @ 106 kWh 6, 100 6, 100 // U E kV 275 275 Eg. o i te~»eiaga ia % m km 925 110 10‘ MS 2, 765 4, 292 SEItEic it E (1982^<-X) (1992^'t-l) as i /kWh — 8. 20 ### % /z (Pelagus©^) R/kWh — 4. 10 1 M$ = 50R " (Bakunin) // — 2. 93 (tkft : Pelagus Hydro-electric Project Feasibility Report, SBSCO, July 1982) -73- 3. 1. 2 5 m. (1) t79?iEoEK®«t4i«*01 1 - 5lc*-To a%t J: O-'iSzRlilitT© £ & D T* 5« "t#-7 7 ^ HfiKtoEKtoifcbBm^a 3. 1 - 5 <= (D Merit PilaS$6 m%mmm: zi&'gm a K : M»KB7 K*f£#x 4&©K:& iitA7r> *i@$©SSx 5, 000— 6, OOOkcal/kg ffl & : Ltfti : Global Minerals (Sarawak) Sdn, Bhd. m Ztt : ±IS6ttli#i£® 5.0^4$^ Tenega Nationall:#*&f *-xI?)LTset^^isstd-rv 5o © Silantek K$£ #%@mm : SOWTdt a K : SWK, tt@Kfc'=tO'¥»*SK. ii'4 4>gSfflflE», <60c#x ffi K#^x ###% 7, 000~ 8, OOOkcal/kg $R$Btt®W£tt : Lucky hill Ei£ Sdn, Bhd. m iH : ±!2£tt(4»B© J Vt-SJ, S^SM © Bintulu : 2ow/jt a « : 4gS©Ett#tt© => - ? %4#x Pc# 5 %JilTx »f6#40%Ji(T© ffiK#x 000-7, 500kcal/kg SSHiHSWStt : Aprias Sdn, Bhd. # rfl : ±l2^tti±C©x y 7©Ki£(§ilkt8^i#TV-6/) TL'&H'o -74- ® Mukah/Bal ingian Ki£ #l$aE« : 270WTJt "C'fc •) x 5, 000-— 5, 500kcal/kg C©EK©ffliS(ix ftoXIiSmfflEKi LTO^rIIL 3. 1 - 5 19 8 9 19 9 0 1991 (Jan-Aug) »59y5K#mm (t) 11, 979 98, 580 44, 220 (2) y -^E®ffl5S -b-7 V ?«(*)T-ft^fflSIiitStx 4-@©**it6#©®tolCtiSf"5 Merit PilaKtix 5, 000-6, OOOkcal/kg j:{6V$S*$T'* aS*/^ < x y * y --rt/S&ffiE&tf x{fc*Pic fcfi3@<£ < <3 x 4®©fi£fflK«(i Merit Pila*^emt5C66f6o -75- FL SABA I BRUNEI BINTULU MOKAH • BALINGIAN VAREA mviERlT ISARIKEI PILA KAPIT AREA KUCHING SRI AMON SILANTEK KALIMA NTAN AREA m3.1-5 -71/-■*/< - ~LL- |iS» l ££S 5 W6k >4F?1.2-535g$¥S®B16 : |i$*)S35®¥ni (V) ff'HSij 5-fl »:!¥):$ © (1 Hzm ¥^®LBJ*4I^) °en%#$^a>9 xooo : 4i[=i* b (q) yy*) xooo'gzgiysK "n^BH5^aC(T*266i : 4ii°i=yi¥®x<--^i ^ (B) % m (a) “??as«iYS¥»s?wxAva OOO ‘91 ' >$ -Q/3# C q 4f> : ¥il8$E-4<-^Z¥3lYf«4-Y-v/ (3) °e$a.¥#¥#>(:xooo ‘os -ooo 'Ota ttCf^mmwizti3-< 6 <- >¥< c®^s ^9 sfzimc, $$?t:i%m^aa.®9®*mma.%imw%m!#¥ yiggl?® 2 (9'-\X c-Xb^TiSSaiHI) mmt k.^4 ^iiqoi'iWtoEi)$iYf#-4-<-v^Tii(3Ber®aa¥¥rn*s : ssesess (a) °mi° ^xc.^tm^oK 4 * 2® (*/x ccot-os) y/xooo'of'-ooo ‘owm^WaS- 44£4 • 5$®¥H8 © “4-^21 9 - I E*^%%^2®#BHd 1! J8H M«I!d 1P8W (Z) (B) SJKiSSISilS&ROlIttifig# : mmmt>*>#*.£*>■£ 5turnon t &mnx$>s„ 4S6£*ltS (A) ®$ • ## SS*6-7L/-->T!cfctj-5,5K**%SE ( SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ^ESr) tt—S©*-T?5i*cteffl*li*fRg#! 1307J P >o COfgleJr®*" -T x - (4*fflS(6, 700-6, BOOkcal/kg) LTV-5&9S±. tPx 9 (6, OOOkcal/kg) IJ^L> KiiLtfflMlLTUJ. MC7 U-->T**fi :’e«1996^igl;Sfa5K^C*^1i0r* 2 *91 &t69 &&£ ortO, C®%*St(±7 U- -xTR^TlSI+^fcO&L'9lzt£ *9 - SKLSffletiSItSWTJ t (B) i#$lta (a) £ m # : ^6 4 "STJ t ~ 5 W7J t (b) 4 S 5 i$ : SXffi (4-@®l9*B#lcfcKWTHIBSSaj:DEil$tlA: eimeLti'fc) (^[slelseBticfcEfHJ: DSri5:E®t@$ffl75-i *?Af LX^tz) (c) 5 @< $6 3 : *m McCONNBL DOWELL# 1C J; 6 “CONSTRUCTION, OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION " ;&5Uc i 6$£It$63 EHHiSEEgl : m 126km $63## : %15, OOOT/Day $6ii=i x P : #U S $ 10. 5/T (d) EK IASS: : BINTULU 7 XS»^Z«iAS:«®*E : 30, 000-40, OOOT/Day (e) : me^ (C) Kititi (ft*PS 5007T t /^4$®iSSr) v l/-->THrt (-7 U-->7/-*Px 9 ?H#fr) 3507J t Z^e 10055" t /% 7 -r u f> • spits 507J t /% -78 - a3. 1 - 6 Mirit Pila^©tttt •N h mu ^ — 1 — / ') v h f 7 ■5T ^ im im Mz ~S7j t ^ 400 F O B U $ / t 31 g $ ft < - X ~--- -—- ft ft S5 ft & f»# Kcal/kg tlE 6, 000 A: tK 4 % m# 18. 0 m 4 % mm 8. 4 X B # * 4 % 10. 5 n 4 % 4. 5 4 # % 4 % 46. 8 #r H £ ft % % 38. 2 S' #s # Jt - - 0. 8 A: m n 4 % tis 0. 1 m 4 % ti-s 1. 4 ft S % 69. 8 7C tK S % 4. 9 m m % 1. 0 S m m % 18. 0 w & & fit m % M?K 0. 1 4 4 % 5. 0 $ S ppm - #f ppm - ppm - » ft tt H. G. I. - 45 m $m S i 0 2 % 21. 8 A l 2 0 3 % 23. 5 F 0 2 0 3 % 23. 3 ix C a 0 % 6. 6 © M g 0 % 1. 2 N a 2 0 % #7k 0. 4 fix. K 2 0 % 0. 4 4 S 0 , % 5. 6 P 2 0 5 % - T i 0 2 % 0. 5 V 2 0 5 % - -79- 3.2 (T-X2 y. -7“ |w\'#| ■ 7k*/5Ky ?/-/b$!iti-'XxA©-y-xx;5'x- l- tfk&k lx, z zxati-)-? mZZimztkMZ'aO', *|tBili, Manitobaffl©NelsonJI|TBS®©7K*M%ifi.^."e%4Ly-cEAiAlberta jhHCoal Valley l£iJj©5R5AiJffl IT, * ty ’Bi® VancouverlfiETy 9 J — 7I/1S xB£fr? kCT'S-E,, m^Ly:EAIimEm-C\ 5^ii&jtiCT&*Vancouver H6K ^ 3 t) © 6 * 5o (0 3. 2-l#M) 3. 2.1 7k* (DAZZHx- b> ®EtS7k*%eST *zyid%amTia»4)%v'7k*mm@M%m-e&0x 7k*5ee©£E*ic A661t$li%60%6#'»lcS< , M%$t)50%6A^tl©7k$$TM%a:*T l\5c (1989 5,852 TJkW) «e*©$5y£%esT(iE 3. 2-iic/K-*»z 100 7jkm±o^mwnx>i< ltXffil&Zo Z Limestone (13377kW) £i£idt IT, A:+12*A 483^kW©7k*#EgrA< TSEic&AStiTV'So ®*M#**%A *y-/aA*©$M%7k*#mii. MESt-iA t)©vco--et> 5,000-6,000 tj kmffi&mt><£>6 t t'LltxtLi!), ll©ffl*)J:a'S©l$ co^-b-v- v t-f •>a • 3d>t'7inic(±s«/si,' £,©©, LTE*©^m*mitii Ly:«@m%7k*M%^ n-ik n$iLrv^o XX. h/ 2 IC$*„ — 80 — MACKENZIE / Saskatchewan MANITOBA Edmonton / ONTARIO Vancouver % Winnipeg 400km u. S. A. H3. 2 -1 It Si (4 3.2-1 :f-F'J M !Ji n b'-X 2, 416 B. C. JU Fo nnyfT 1, 736 B. C. /vffD \zKhl\- 1} 3oyb*7 1, 843 B. C. /V Fo UTJ 1, 224 7-1/HWFo 7-fixhy 1, 330 7 -1/WvfFo t-Ifk-Kil um 1, 288 t'snt-JUfu tyf* d-I/>x 1, 646 ;WFD')<7^ LG-2 7*^7 >f 5, 238 jU Fd • 7^ 7 'l LG-3 I'fl'JT 2, 304 MU* Hi1) LG-4 2, 651 7-7?2 i-nil's 1, 015 /WFD'K?) 7-7?3 1, 183 /\7 Fp*7<7? 7-7^5 i-,nijy 1, 292 ft-ffr0lt~ht f t~f ^ 5, 429 ft~fU (ttift : It©) # 3.2-2 v- h/\''>N£>£l miig ft tj W£)m (MW) (GWh) Conawapa Lower Nelson 1, 290 7, 045 Gillam Island Lower Nelson 850 4, 980 Gull Lower Nelson 535 2, 900 Birthday Lower Nelson 540 3, 265 White Mud Upper Nelson 310 1, 700 Red Rock Upper Nelson 190 1, 160 Wuskwatin Burntwood 350 2, 200 Manasan Burntwood 215 1, 670 First Rapids Burntwood 250 1,400 It 4, 530 26, 320 (ftS : Perspective 2000, Manitoba Hydro, December 1989 & Future Capacity/Energy Availability on the Manitoba Hydro-Electric System) -82- (2)7K^ZF^y * j-jim&'sxr- ^m¥zmtw ^r-X 1 (7l/-y7it77^) 5/:^). X 1 6 Ml#® 200^kW6f 5o # 3. 2-20^^-e#l)^^#^j; < ^ I'Conawapaf^H^T^-^fri i~ & Lower Nelsonlll® 4 (Conawapa. Gi 11am Island. Gull Rapids . Birthday A#+tB^ 321.5 TJkW) £ii£U feM&a O tZo msw-xmti = A:+m^m^7 x = 3,215 MW x 0.70 = 2,250 MW = 2,250 x (1-0. 10) * 2, 025 * iimnkWDx C 0 nawapa tK Jj $£ M # Iffi 1.8 0/kWh (Manitoba Hydro ® Z 6) ilx: x km&/:^mrn#m 2,000 km x 0.93x10= S/km 1, 860 x 106 $ 1,860X 10" S x 0.1292 240x 10" $ mmm. kwh 240X 10" $ Z(2, 250MWX 8760 hr x (1-0. 09)) it 0.0134 S/kWh ** i£®|!£ kWhn X -85- kWhSfctHEES = 0.018 $/kWh/(l-0.09) + 0.0134 S/kWh = 0.0198 $/kWh + 0.0134 $/kWh = 0.0332 $/kWh 3, 6 H/kWh (1 CS= 107P3, 199 W 7 fl) 86- 3. 2. 2 5 m. (1) 2 - 4 . Z 2 iKK ( Coal Valley^. Quinsam R) ©BmSiBlx F 0 B«&, 3. 2 — 3 IZTF'j'o Quinsam R, Coal ValleyK t fc 1^ t 9 J — A/SSiaffl#' X-fLS^i LT14#!^ mam&za'Fo B@#* %4[ai©@#m#w\ coai Vallry Z Z t tt Zo -87- Neptune Roberts Bank C.N.R. :Canadian National Railway C.P.R. :Canadian Pacific Railway m3.2 -4 tii- #3. 2 — 3 Coal Val ley ^ Quinsam m ^ — y? f- ^ ij ± y ^ — m — yU / s' i/ — 9 4 y +y a 57j t m 67 43 K O B <25 % U$/t 36 37 ^ B $ & Kcal/kg ta 6, 350 6,520 £ 7k # % mm 10.0 10.6 s ^ % mm 6.7 7.1 X @ W 7k ^ % 3.5 3.8 R 9t % ta 10.5 12.8 a W % % 35.0 35.4 SfKi % 48.0 48.0 ^t=r ^ # jt - - 1.4 1.4 ^ 6fc M ft % ta 0. 25 0. 75 # # % tmm 1.0 1.0 S S % 68.7 69.6 7C 7k S % 4.9 4.6 m % 1.0 0.9 JGTc S m a % 14.5 10.8 % #7k 0.3 0.8 % R ^ % 10.4 13.3 $ * ppm - 60 ft * S ppm - - S M ppm - 400 •r*fe ® ft & H. G.I. - 54 55 mmtMSL °C - 1,400 m # F e 2 0 3 % 4.3 6.0 - IK C a 0 % 7.0 16.2 (D Mg 0 % 1.0 0.4 N a 2 0 % #7k 0.3 0.2 J& K, 0 % 0.5 0.1 SO, % 2.3 8.6 P: 05 % 0.2 0.5 T i 02 % 1.1 1.1 V, 0, % - - -89- 3. 3 7 — X 3 (75 i'Jl', 7k*/58$y 7 V -7VSJiS'/XxA©7-xx7TN Lt, C C7ti;$;He£>Pt m^Mi'frOo $#+Ui(±\ 7x 7 7t/g ©Tocantins )l|T»ft©ffiK: Tucurui7kA%19r©t|ISItH 1C J; •5TltLfciJi'<77:x7l0 Paso DiablotfedjOSK^fiJffl LT„ 75 -yA/dtai BelemttiKTy 7 X -A'$!iS£ff'5 t>©tr*5 0 IS£ L tzMtl liSI8f> EKli Er WfflteTS* BelemUSEStriftii-f £ fcOtt-So (0 3.H#I) 3. 3. 1 (1)7'x y;l/©a#7k* ®ER7k*%«Bfr 7'x y;Ki7;i5J7x7>*a L. >P1, □ ->7 IT-SIK 51taipu7k*%«Plr (1260*kW) WtetoESWkW7 -y"-©tifi=5i>£ < x Sit 4, 560*kW©7k*%»Bt^iiedtlTV5o (S 3.3-1) 3.3-1 75 7A/©^##«Br *7:tij* (MW) Tocantins Tucurui 4, 000 Sao Francisco Paulo Afonso IV 2, 460 Sao Francisco Sobradinho 1, 050 Paranaiba Itumbiara 2, 100 Rio Grande Furnas 1, 216 Rio Grande Marinbondo 1, 440 Rio Grande Estrei t 1, 050 Rio Grande Jose E. Moraes 1, 380 Parana Engo.Souza 1, 411 Parana 11 ha Solteira 3, 230 Paranaiba Sao Si mao 1, 613 Paranaiba Emborcacao 1, 000 Iguacu UH Salto Osorio 1, 050 Iguacu UH Salto Santiago 1, 332 Iguacu H. Foz do Areia 1, 672 Parana Itaipu 12, 600 -90- Paso Diablo Tucurui VENEZUELA .FRENCH GUIANA COLOMBIA ^ L = 300Km Belem BRAZIL 1000km -91- 75 'SJi'CD&MTktnm 2 zommmmtedt BS 9, 780^kW. dhSSR 1, 55077kW. F&jjl-^BS 5, 6207J kWfc £ tfpSS 4,350 TJkWch^oTV^o (0 3. 3-2SM) VT ^ 6000^kW^^(D$^m#A^m#LTU6o NORTH/WEST-CENTRAL NORTHEAST 978073 kW 1550 73 kW 37.1% 5.1% •38,9% BRAZIL 21300 7JkW SOUTHEAST/WEST-CENTRAL. Developed or under construction. 562073 kW Still available, inventoried. Still available, estimated. B 3.3-2 7" 5 y;i/©s®7k7] 1988, is (2) Tucurui Tk^^SfiJrlf H ®B$ISTucurui Tucurui 7kT7%®9rlix 7"5 vA-©dtoflTocantins HI fij□ ©BjBelem A' $ 300km#-o Alc&g Lx 1973^lcta:i$tlfc7'7 •7';bTtS|5«*&tt (E L ETRONORTE) IC ICS I X8# (330MW X12^x 20MWX2 &) A#+ 4, 000MW©%«pTfL T V -Z, „ 106mx 48115:^13. 8km (3 >? ') - h6to 8kmx 7 ^ A-Sto 6 km) ©/ AICck klST7k®,a 458ffi m’ © Bt 7k ife £ x 60m©ig^£ fc -o T^RAS;) 2606 kWh© C MLtlHllx 500kV illll (@6 722km) £$LTdt@©Vila Do Conde fc (MM 83km)£® LTBelem tiTfe" 9 x )812©&Htl®S*lc$ a%«#*W<i.'ao (0 3.3-3 #H) -92- Vu VILA DO CONDEi MIRANDA' FORTALEZA MARABA ARAGUAIA TERESINA TOCANTINS P.DUTRA • BANABUIU , BASIN BOA ESPERANCA MILAGRES c grande MUSSURE RECIFE S JO AO PIAUI SOBRBDINHO SALVADOR ------1983-1990 ------I991-2000 ^<7)iyi52t@ 0 3. 3 -3 500kV 93- ©Tucurui ±IE© I MIVK5I8ES, 1995^^ bSD *8 (3, 960MW = 330MW x 12) ©8 cc-eii, am^mwrontiiy^ti/^^/ -jim& y X 7- A IZ jg£ L tziii-h 1C o 1' 3 O t£fc\ Tucurui ItaoE^tt^BS (@%R, %«###) Ico VT till gffl/s: til *StHlcJ;5SA¥«i:oVTiiT;V i SttH® OifE7k/J Tucurui (nfflltH) 3,960 MW o#t#Bv^sA = x = 3, 960 MW x 0.50 ’ = 1,980 mw o 77 njvcDw-ttim+wtt., mmm) * 2,000 MW OiStUSSrtx : Tucurui ~ Belem V&i$. 300 km OS^Sffi : 0.032 US$/kWh (i(rtaS#i'6K. (= 4. OR/kWh v 1 US$ = 125 R) -94- 3. 3. 2 5 m. 7?syE^ic^fflsnrv^o L^Lx ammia Rio Grande do Sul „ Santa Catarinaftk Paranabll#lc#%© 0. 5 %fSflE^2b 5 lc^" #■«!,'„ $ blcT'7 7;bg5Stt4. < . * o U -»<5, 000kcal/kggg ffiS&ffiWRT^t'o MEffli:Sffl=J|gtitt$SKl4do'f6McSanta CatarinafflOSitt ISSo^T-iiJo E»Stti«*4. -by > 1731477 -7;b£Effl 5 c £ (± BliSt>ti6o m-?Ts Sf$B©5Sc£77 7;bST?g±^iiL, 7? 7ATV 7 y —tU-S'S^Ja'^™ ■$> o Ra©<*X'J.7©5Kett(iBSTachira M. Zulia #@©& Slliltl 6 3J b > (19873s) TCI Cgfclpli 5 ~ 6 75 b >©4S7kifT'£> 5„ $lSli4 S6© lilibill^Tachira lc$> ^RobateraStESstt^ffelE LT V 5 o ##©B#R 6Hx(i\ Zulia W©Guasare %KA<50IMlcA# 4 . ftblcRobatera. Naricual (AnzoateguibH) Tir-$> •£<, Guasare 16IX © 5 St 14. 0 . IfeiES dl-E>5K ©90%14 Maracaibolc5tt • SttSSt©L URUStS lOOTJkw) it*4 ffl tc w m t z ¥ mr-m <01o% ti 3 - 7 x ic isj if g , ti & „ Sic. 3 o > b'7©5mt4#%#®#% 210fl b 7 &A<. g®A<'«EdnTV535iifii$©rt-e 8 »Sr^ bSK^frbtlT V 5 ©*T* 19804pic(4 4. 1 57J b >"e* A5S©4E(il989^ic I419W7J h > IcliSS tl7c<, lftl±iH19904plC15W5 b 7T&E1C It 6 ft b';bT&6. Guajira ROCerrejon NorteeKB!4. RH^SKT'S 5_hi^ ASfltiSA# 0 A' oJ mv£6o ccotzibs 5St£tt CCARB0C0L) i*HS*lc jt D ffifttoAiAEfSISii^ L/:#mm©mR^fT^Tj3 0, A5R#mm©%8#]%^66Tt'6. El 3. 3 - 61C. fc-jtt>'3 □ yb'ymdbSGS^seieKIt^^to it, ft$St£ LT-®St®CerrejonSt (nn>t'7) fc'JtCb Paso DiabloSt Kt-Xir) ©£Sttttt£S3. 3 - 2 I:*t. S/c. C©4>T'^0©^Wlcli. Xx 7 St£ffl t'Ttfmt £ - £ £ 13 o -95- BAHIA PORTETE ■TO JAPAN MILES BAHIA DE CONCHA ITA MARTA BARRANQUILLAe CERREJON Paso Diablo •VALLEDUPAR CARTAGENA# LAKE CANAL DELDIQUE ZAPATOSA LAMATA VVMALAMEQUE MAGDALENA RIVER' VENEZUELA m3. 3-6 □ H3. 3 — 2 CerrejonM ■ Paso Diablo^(D%^ |3E| — □ D > t' 7 * X ^ 7 ^ — -t? ly A y 17k t #1,600 # 300 l) F O B U$/t 35 37 B m ft K—x ^—— Kcal/kg w. 6,990 7,470 £ tK # % m 14.7 6.9 & e % m 11.0 4.2 X a**» % 4.2 2.8 0( 5k % 8.6 6.4 iES m ^ 5k % 36.1 37.7 #T liKI % 51.1 53.1 "£=i m 14 it - - 1.4 1.4 6ft H 5k % tl'M 0.9 0.6 % tiS 1.4 1.4 m s % 74.4 78.9 70 7k S % 5.0 5.6 m % % 1.5 1.4 JETZ S % ^ % 8.7 6.9 # ^ # % #7k 0.8 0.5 5k E £ % 9.6 6.6 # ^ ppm 70 40 #r * * m ppm - - ^ s ppm 600 240 •r*fe e # # H. G.I. - 48 48 °C - 1, 190 0c # it A °C M 7C - 1,220 m m A °c a?sm - 1,230 A m W) a °c - 1,270 °c 1,240 1,240 0C Yb A °c K fb 1,310 1,250 m m a °c 1,350 1,270 A m # A °c 1,390 1,290 S i 0: % 60.1 52.5 A 1 2 0 3 % 18.3 22.4 F e 2 0 a % 9.0 6.8 0C C a 0 % 2.8 6.5 © Mg 0 % 2.0 4.5 N a 2 0 % #;k 0.7 0.5 /& K2 0 % 2.0 2.0 5k SO, % 2.6 2.5 ?2 0, % 0.1 0.1 T i 02 % 0.8 0.9 V2 0, % - - -97- I4f X-XX^F-'f ti’SlcS^lfcMISiUtB SSTSSLyctt^T-'-^^K-xic -i= HT l:X? > h©7o v ^HfcJ;0:E±ISIt#ll©7n-f' + - h i&to H 2 7k* (m#8#?7kgEm > £ / -;|/SiaX5 > hffl^D ~j pie X? > h®E±!3:!-milll±> 1. -5o © 7k*%»StI^z*$X5.o © 5K©K#%*Sf5. 2. 7k*)@SE©tlj**$ 7k1PSl©fcti* (zkS/Be*) ©SS^R-io 3. BKXx^ypOge^fiiSSX^o 4. ii7,\t&mmn*'u ?. SiKttttiS^XTUt'JpoSSJ: I9, Xx-fb^ttl^lte^ffi-'s © Mt^'xIM (H i „ COft) = © &&Xxg%*Sf 6. © 5jK7yx4bW'b %&* $0 -98- 5. 1/fitfflA'XisEfxy? j -ju&t&mtfxm&tf. (*n@sa»^%5fed-ti-/cH, +M*'xwii' £>%££•£ TcH, ) Z (SKA'x-fkjtP^bFSSS-ti-^C 0) - 2 ii’otl'5iZx V 6» fcU SEit^T'tiV'iiSId;, 3. lc £> £' DEK^'x-fktpcDSm^EEL rmifftz* e. y ? ;-ii'&f&g.mtmni&tZo ® 4sy ^ j -si'MzwmtZo ® Artois y 3-y -Z4fiKBeoFg4B=fcDFI4L^Emic5KZX'fbSA'b%4 L/cEm ^trasu y ? y -/i'H&ms ~i~ i> o 7 . $1*6^7 > h£*©*iiK3i\ (D 7K#M^0#K • x "j y ©rezssf-^o -99- 3. [#;Uktp#m] 4. ttfzitip&nmm (H2/CO=2) YES 6. U#«J5i£St«] • $ S-Jl'M ▼______ • imm&cDtm. tm^xy o tE/SixIt^JHKD? □ -? * - h -100- 4. 1 4. 1. 1 t+jI3M* BAKUN (2, 000MW) §£ £ MERIT PILATE 4. l. -1) y ^ y — Vl/S^ia 7" 7 > h y-xi BINTULU MERIT PILA e*§£ m BINTULU 4.1.2 4.1.2. i y ^ / - jm&m ■ y ^ y i « ttZ' y yy-;bMii: 0'>xf-A7o-^si 4. i -iic^f-0 -101- IE 4. 1 -1 S J%. % m « — 7P-'>T on K # (4 MERIT PILLAR £ * m (#!#<-%) % 18. 0 X It ft f/r — a * * » % 10. 5 K A % 4. 5 % 46.8 BESS % 38.2 A R # % 0. 1 % # # («1&) kcal/kg 6, 000 X S ffr (#7K • — x) ^ S % 69.8 tK S % 4. 9 m m % 1. 0 R S (##&) % 0. 1 % 18. 0 *M S ppm — m # tt (hgi) — 45 Pi © |1 S i 0% % 21. 8 A 1 2 0 3 % 23. 5 F e 2 0 3 % 23. 3 C AO % 6. 6 M g 0 % 1.2 N AzO % 0.4 K2O % 0.4 S O3 % 5. 6 P2O5 % - T i O2 % 0. 5 E®sits$ (°c) s 7c $ H a imtnhm) S ® A °C - (1,400) (k A (IMfcA) °C - (1,410) i§ 0 A (0A) °c - (1,440) % Wj A °c - (1,450) -102- 4.1-2 Si • (1/3) -103- 4.1 -2 m ■ (2/3) MERIT PILA 5, 780 X vol% ppm( V) y/x^mm (HHv) kcal/N m (?M) ^X^m# (LHV) kcal/N m (/S) 2, 129 0. 988 tf -104- 4. 1 -2 jft ■ $giR£-5r (3/3) 11 i # & ^r-X 1 # # ft • $An//'xe t/h 434 x 103N m’/h 436 y • ^AtlH 2ft t/h 42.8 ;k##* x 103 N m’/h 476 y • SAtiSSvS t/h 51 i (lOOatgx 410°C) )i •SxtEfflS MW 0 £ • j£$M&7kEffle t/h 52, 000 EStt $L • ti§i$$P7kEffil: t/h 400 «*« • y $ j — vi/ft t/h 340 t/B 8, 160 2, 050t/B x 4 *?ij -105- □ t L- l 'VM 459. OG 0..3MW y 48 I • 2HW tt. _ 2 1 MW I *t 76.80 340. (O OG I 62. OG I4.2C 25. 6G 104. 88. 4G 6G 0.8G I 8.0G 4. 1. 2. 2 &t£ffl©ftSH±« &!S:ii©ItBiti:t**;