THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

PUBLISHED BY THE

ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

No. I. SEPTEMBER, 1927 The BuUetin is the organ of the Atlanta Historical Society and is sent free to its members. AR persons interested in the history of Atlanta are invited to join the Society. Correspondence concerning con­ tributions for the BuUetin should be sent to the Act­ ing Editor, Walter McElreath, 303-310 Atlanta Trust Company Building. Applications for membership and dues should be sent to the Secretary and Treas­ urer, Miss Ruth Blair, at the office of the State His­ torian at the State Capitol. Single numbers of the Bulletin may be obtained from the Secretary. The price of single numbers of the Bulletin is $1.00. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

PUBLISHED BY THE

ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

No. I. SEPTEMBER, 1927

HUBBARD a HANCOCK CO.. PRINTERS CONTENTS

Frontispiece—Pryor and Alabama Streets in 1882.

The Charter of the Society 5

By-laws 8

List of Historical Papers Prepared for the Society 11

Prizes Offered by the Society 13

Atlanta's First Historical Society I 1

A Short History of the Parish of the Immaculate Concep­ tion, fey Stephen Mitchell, Esq 28

The Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children, by

Forrest Adair 47

Editor's Chair 53

Roll of Members 55 ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

OFFICERS

WALTER MCELREATH President JOEL HUNTER Vice President MISS RUTH BLAIR Secretary and Treasurer MISS TOMMIE DORA BARKER Librarian

CURATORS

FORREST ADAIR JAMES L. MAYSON MISS TOMMIE DORA BARKER H. A. MAIER MISS RUTH BLAIR WALTER MCELREATH DR. PHINIZY CALHOUN A. A. MEYER WILLIAM RAWSON COLLIER E. M. MITCHELL THOMAS W. CONNALLY WILMER L. MOORE JOHN M. GRAHAM J. B. NEVIN CLARK HOWELL MRS. J. K. OTTLEY CHARLES W. HUBNER EDWARD C. PETERS JOEL HUNTER MRS. R. K. RAMBO DR. JOSEPH JACOBS MRS. JOHN M. SLATON WILLIAM COLE JONES HOKE SMITH E. C. KONTZ W. D. THOMSON EDGAR WATKINS

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

EUGENE M. MITCHELL MRS. JOHN M. SLATON A. A. MEYER WILMER L. MOORE JOHN M. GRAHAM JAMES L. MAYSON

WALTER MCELREATH, Ex Officio JOEL HUNTER, EX Officio

WALTER MCELREATH, Acting Editor

PRYOR AND ALABAMA STREETS IN 1882. The cupola to the left is on the Georgia Railroad building, still standing. The smaller one to the right of it adorned the home of Atlanta's first fire engine company. The one to the extreme right is on the old court house. The American Hotel is in the foreground. Courtesy Hubbard & Hancock Co. from "PROOF." THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Volume I SEPTEMBER, 1927 No. 1

CHARTER OF THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY. To the Superior Court of said County: The petition of Walter McElreath, Joel Hunter, James L. Mayson, Wm. Rawson Collier, E. C. Kontz, Eugene M. Mitchell, Thomas W. Connally, Joseph Jacobs, Henry C. Peeples, Mrs. R. K. Rambo, Miss Ruth Blair, Edgar Watkins and A. A. Meyer, all of Fulton County, Georgia, and John M. Graham, of Cobb County, Georgia, respectfully shows: (1) That they desire for themselves, their associates and successors, to be incorporated and made a body politic, un­ der the name and style of

ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

(2) The term for which petitioners ask to be incor­ porated is twenty (20) years, with the privilege of renewal or renewals at the expiration of that period, as now or here­ after provided by law. (3) The location of and the principal office of said cor­ poration shall be in the City of Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. (4) Said corporation shall have no capital stock and is not organized for pecuniary gain, but it to be purely literary, social and educational in character. 6 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

(5) The sole purpose of said corporation shall be to promote the preservation of sources of information concern­ ing the history of the City of Atlanta in the State of Georgia; the investigation, study and dissemination of such history, and to arouse in the friends and citizens of Atlanta an interest in its history

(6) Petitioners desire that said corporation shall have the right to purchase and hold such real estate and personal property as it may deem proper, to sell or encumber the same by a mortgage, lien, security deed or otherwise, for the purposes of the corporation; to collect objects of historical value and maintain a museum for housing the same; to re­ ceive donations; to make rules and regulations providing the terms and conditions upon which membership may be acquired in the corporation and how the same may be lost or abandoned; levy dues and assessments upon members; to create officers and a governing body, and to make all such by-laws, rules and regulations for the government of the corporation and its members as it shall deem proper; to make contracts; to have and use a common seal; to sue and be sued; and to do all acts and things which it may deem expedient to carry out the purposes of said corporation.

WHEREFORE, Petitioners pray that after this petition has been filed and published in accordance with law, they be incorporated under the name and style aforesaid, with all the rights, powers and privileges prayed for, and such others as may be now or hereafter conferred on corporations of like character under the laws of Georgia.

A. A. MEYER, EDGAR WATKINS, Attorneys for Petitioners.

Filed in Office, this the 31 day of May, 1926. T. C. MILLER, Clerk THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 7

GEORGIA, FULTON COUNTY. In the Superior Court of Fulton County, May Term, 1926. Walter McElreath, Joel Hunter, James L. May son, Wm. Rawson Collier, E. C. Kontz, Eugene M. Mitchell, Thomas W. Connally, Joseph Jacobs, Henry C. Peeples, Mrs. R. K. Rambo, Miss Ruth Blair, Edgar Watkins and A. A. Meyer, of Fulton County, Georgia, and John M. Graham of Cobb County, Georgia, having filed in the office of the Clerk of the Superior Court of Fulton County, Georgia, their aforegoing petition seeking the formation of a corporation to be known as "ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY," and having complied with all the requirements of the law in such cases made and pro­ vided, and the Court being satisfied that said application is legitimately within the purview and intention of the Code and Laws of the State of Georgia, the same is hereby granted, and the above named persons, their associates and successors are hereby incorporated for the term of twenty (20) years, with the privilege of renewal at the expiration of that time, under the corporate name and style of

"ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY," for the purposes in said petition set forth, and with all the rights, powers and privileges prayed for. In Open Court this 30th day of June, 1926. W. D. ELLIS, Judge Superior Court, Atlanta Circuit. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

BY-LAWS ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

PURPOSE : The purpose of the Society shall be to pro­ mote the preservation of sources of information concerning the history of Atlanta, the investigation, study and dis­ semination of such history, and to arouse in the citizens and friends of Atlanta an interest in its history. 2.

GOVERNING BOARD: TO promote its purpose the Society shall be governed by thirty curators, who shall be honorary, sustaining or life members.

3.

TERMS BEGIN: The terms of office of the curators, execu­ tive committee and officers first elected shall begin from their selection but shall expire as though they were selected Jan­ uary 1, 1927, and thereafter terms of office shall run with the calendar years. 4. MEMBERSHIP: All citizens and residents and friends of Atlanta shall be eligible to membership; the annual dues shall be $5.00 for regular members, $10.00 for sustaining members, and $100.00 for life members; all of whom shall have equal votes in the Association. Those whose services or knowledge justify the honor in the opinion of the curators may be elected honorary members without obligation to pay dues but with all the privileges and rights of general mem­ bers, provided, however, that members who have paid dues for three or more years may become life members by paying the difference between the total of dues paid and $100.00. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: An Executive Committee is here­ by created composed of the President and six curators ap­ pointed by the President who shall hold office for one year; such committee when the curators are not in session shall have all the powers of the curators.

OFFICERS: The officers of the Society shall be a Presi­ dent, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and a Librarian who shall be elected annuaUy by the curators. These officers shall perform the duties usually appertaining to their respective offices, and such other duties as they may be directed to perform by the curators.

7.

VACANCIES: All vacancies shall be filled by the authority electing or appointing the prior incumbent.

8.

MEETINGS: The curators shall meet four times a year in the months of March, June, September and December, and elections for the year following shall be had at the December meeting. The President, or, on his failure, the Vice-Presi­ dents in the order of their naming or the Executive Commit­ tee, shall fix the place and the particular day in the months named for the meetings and shall notify the members by mail of such place and day. Special meetings of the curators may be called on five days written notice by the President, or by three members. The Executive Committee shall meet on the call of the President. Members are entitled to meet with the curators, express their views, and to vote on the election of curators. 9.

DUES: The dues hereinbefore prescribed shall be paid on or before March 1st of each year, and if not so paid and 10 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN after notice of such failure by mail the member shall be dropped from membership. Members joining after July 1st of any year shall pay only one-half of the year's dues. No member in arrears for dues shall be elected to any office or appointed on any committee. 10.

COMMITTEES: The President may at his discretion ap­ point such person or persons as he thinks advisable as a com­ mittee to perform any particular service in connection with the purposes of the Society and shall appoint such commit­ tees as he may be directed to appoint by the curators. 11.

QUORUMS: Eleven shall constitute a quorum of the cura­ tors; five a quorum of the Executive Committee, and one- third of the membership a quorum of the members. 12. These by-laws may be amended by the curators or the members at large at any regular or special meeting, pro­ vided if at a special meeting notice of the purpose thereof shall be given in the call therefor. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 11

HISTORICAL ARTICLES PREPARED FOR THE SOCIETY

Oglethorpe University, by Hon. Edgar Watkins. Spellman College, by Miss Lucy Hale Tapley. The Sacred Heart Church, by Hon. Jack J. Spalding. The Uncle Remus Memorial Association, by Miss Pauline Branyon. The Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children, by Forrest Adair. History of the Parish of the Immaculate Conception, with Register of Baptisms and Births from 1846 through 1871, by Stephens Mitchell. The Burning of the Kimball House, by Mrs. Annie Bass Hill.

DONATIONS TO THE SOCIETY'S COLLECTIONS Catalogues of Spellman College from Foundation to 1927. (Miss Lucy Hale Tapley.) Proceedings at Commemoration Exercises on the One Hundredth Anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln at Trinity Church on February 14, 1909. (Walter McElreath.) Proceedings on the Occasion of the visit of President- Elect William Howard Taft to the Georgia School of Tech­ nology on January 16, 1909. (Walter McElreath.) Programme and Menu Card of Dinner to Mrs. Joseph Madison High tendered by the Atlanta Art Association on October 16, 1926. (Walter McElreath.) Programme and Menu Card of Dinner to Executive Com- 12 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN mittee of the American Bar Association on January 12, 1925. (Walter McElreath.) Autographed Photograph of Henry W. Grady. (Walter McElreath.) Copy of First Telephone Directory of Atlanta Telephone Exchange. (Walter McElreath.) Copies of "Proof," by the Hubbard & Hancock Company giving views of Pryor and Alabama Streets and Whitehall Street in 1882. (John T. Hancock.) Copy of the Atlanta Constitution of May 2, 1886, contain­ ing account of exercises at Unveiling of Monument to Hon. Benjamin Harvey Hill and visit to Atlanta of Jefferson Davis, (Walter McElreath.) Copies of Atlanta Constitution of December 24, 26 and 27, 1889, containing announcement of the death of Henry W. Grady. (Walter McElreath.) Hopkins' Atlas of Atlanta. (William D. Thomson.) The names of the donors of the foregoing articles are printed in parenthesis after the names of the articles donated. The Society solicits the contributions of articles relating to any phase of the history of Atlanta. The Society will print in its bulletins from time to time such articles as may be selected for publication by the Editorial Committee. The donation of books, letters, photographs or any other articles of historical interest is earnestly solicited, and such dona­ tions will be acknowledged in the Bulletins of the Society. All contributions and donations will be kept at the Carnegie Library and be accessible to the public until the Society can provide itself with its own depository. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 13

PRIZES OFFERED BY THE SOCIETY

In order to furnish an incentive to the investigation and study of Atlanta history, the Society has offered the foUow- ing prizes: 1. A prize of fifty dollars for the most notable article on any subject pertaining to the history of Atlanta. Any per­ son whether a member of the Society or not may compete for this prize. 2. A first prize of Thirty Dollars, a second prize of Twen­ ty DoUars and a third prize of Ten Dollars for the three best papers on historical sites of Atlanta and Vicinity. Competi­ tion for these prizes is limited to students of the public and private high schools of Fulton and DeKalb Counties. Papers in competition for these prizes will be submitted to an impartial committee and the awards will be made at the next December meeting of the Society. 14 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

ATLANTA'S FIRST HISTORICAL SOCIETY: "THE ATLANTA PIONEER AND HISTORIC SOCIETY"

(Reprinted from Hanleiter's Directory of Atlanta, 1871.) In compliance with a request made by the publisher of this Directory, the following named gentlemen assembled wilhin the parlors of the H. I. Kimball House, on the evening of the 24th of April last, for the purpose of lending their aid in perpetuating the incidents connected with the early his­ tory of Atlanta, viz: Wm. Ezzard, J. Norcross, J. A. Hayden, H. C. Holcombe, David Mayer, John H. Flynn, John Glenn, Thos. Kile, M. J. Ivy, John Silvey, L. E. Bleckley, John Thrasher, Dr. W. C. Moore, E. T. Hunnicutt, W. M. Bray, D. N. Poore, and Wm. R. Hanleiter.

The main portion of the evening's conversation, as phone­ tically taken at the time, is recorded below, and contains some interesting facts and incidents not heretofore published. The meeting was pleasant and social, and composed of gen­ tlemen who represented the foremost ranks of society. Before adjournment, the gentlemen present, on motion of the writer, organized themselves into the "Atlanta Pioneer and Historic Society," and unanimously elected officers for the ensuing year, as follows: Wm. Ezzard, President; Jona­ than Norcross, Vice-President, and Wm. R. Hanleiter, Secre­ tary. Messrs. L. E. Bleckley, J. Norcross and W. M. Bray, were appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws. After which, the Society adjourned, to meet on the third Monday evening in May following.

PROCEEDINGS

MR. JOHN THRASHER.—When I arrived in this place, in 1839, the country was entirely covered by forest. There was THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 15 but one house here at that time and that stood where the old postoffice was formerly located; it was built of logs and was occupied by and old woman and her daughter about 16 years of age. I found a man also, named Thurman, living in the country near by. I went to work building and fixing up, and built a store. First one moved in from the country and then another until we had a right smart little town. The people around here were very poor. There were a great many of the women wore no shoes at all. We had dirt floors to our houses. There was a man named Johnson with me in the store, and the firm was Johnson & Thrasher. That was the only store in the place at that time. As the place grew up the present site of Whitehall Street was the place for drinking and fighting. After a while I sold out and went to Griffin, and there is a period of a few years that I do not know much about. I came back in 1844 and went into business on Marietta Street. At that time Mr. Norcross had a horse saw-mill which was regarded as a great curiosity. People came from the country on purpose to look at it. The next event of importance is the attempted incorpora­ tion of the town. There was a charter procured, but a few of us declared that we would not have such laws as they had made. A lawyer said that he could break up the whole thing for $50.00, and we paid it, and went on without a charter until the next meeting of the Legislature. This was in 1846, and in the year 1847 they got another. Marthasville was incor­ porated in 1842, I believe.

At one time while I was absent from town, my brother- in-law who wa3 associated with me in the store bought a piece of land 30 feet front running back 200 feet between Mitchell and Hunter Streets, next to Jones' Building for $60.00. I was very much provoked when I heard of it, for I had previously refused to give $5.00 an acre for the same land, and he had given at the rate of $2.00 a foot for it. I told him if he made any more such trades as that I would dissolve partnership 16 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

with him sure. A little while after he sold the same piece of property for $90.00, and I told him the fools were not all dead yet, and never to buy another piece of property in Atlanta by the foot again. Decatur Street was called Murrill Row, and was a great place for cock fighting. The first engine that came here was called the Florida. It was brought up from Madison drawn by 16 mules. The people were nearly wild. They came from the country for miles to see it. I recollect that when they started the engineer got the people to push it. There was one particular piece of property that I wanted, after the town got settled and was named Atlanta, and that was called Lloyd's corner. I tried for 15 years to buy that property. The first time he asked me $3,000.00, and I offered him $2,500.00. After a while I concluded to give him his price and then he asked me $4,000.00. I concluded to give him $4,000.00, and he asked me $5,000.00, and he went on in that way until he got up to $25,000.00, and I finally took it at that price. It went up from $3,000.00, to $25,000.00, be­ fore the trade was made. This property around here (Kim­ ball House) was at one time put up at auction and was bought for $250.00.

HON. WILLIAM EZZARD.—The name of the "Gate City" was given to Atlanta in Charleston in 1856, and it came about in this way: When the road was completed connecting Charleston with Memphis, the people of Charleston put a hogshead of water from the bay on the car, and their fire engine and went on with them to Memphis and carried the water (here for the purpose of mingling the waters of the Atlantic with the Mississippi. In the year 1857, in May or June, the Mayor of Memphis and a large number of gentle­ men and ladies came here on their way to Charleston, carrv- ing water from the Mississippi, and they had their fire engine with them also for the purpose of mingling the waters of the Mississippi with the waters of the Atlantic. They arrived here about 12 o'clock. I was then Mayor of the city and we THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 17 gave them a reception and prepared a handsome collation for them. They seemed to be very much pleased with the treatment they received. The next morning they left for Charleston, and with them myself and a large number of ladies and gentlemen from this city. We arrived in Charles­ ton and had a grand time there. We paraded there and marched down to the bay and there went through the cere­ mony of pumping this water from the Mississippi into the ocean. There was on this occasion a great many people pres­ ent from all portions of the State of Georgia, and from all parts of South Carolina. There was a grand banquet given by the people of Charleston. Everything was well arranged. There was a committee appointed to prepare toasts for the occasion. There was a toast drafted for Savannah, one for Macon, one for Augusta, one for Atlanta, etc. The toast prepared and given for Atlanta was: "The Gate City, the only tribute which she requires of those who pass through her boundries is that they stop long enough to partake of the hospitality of her citizens." That was the substance of the toast, although I do not remember the exact language. After that Atlanta was always called the "Gate City," and it never was known as that before. I responded to this toast for Atlanta. It was given I suppose from the fact that this railroad had just been constructed through the mountains for the purpose of connecting the West with the Atlantic ocean, and there was no other way to get to either place except to pass through Atlanta.

The first engine that came here was called the Florida. It came up from Madison and was drawn by 16 mules. The first car that came here was made at Milledgeville by General Madison, keeper of the Penitentiary; it came through De­ catur. The engine was built and came up here, I believe, before the car that I have spoken of.

MR. NORCROSS.—At the time I was elected Mayor there were what was called an orderly party and a rowdy party. The rowdy party was very strong, and they bid defiance to 18 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN law and were very bitter against me because I was in favor and took active steps in the direction of law and order. The leaders of this party, the rowdies and ruffians and gamblers, swore that I should not be the Mayor of the city, and said if I did not resign I should leave town. I concluded I would not do that, and two or three mornings after I was in­ augurated I got up and found a cannon pointed directly at my store door. They said that they had fired it off, but there was no mark of any shot around my store anywhere. They swore the cannon should remain there until I left. I went around and took counsel of the good citizens, and I found that there were plenty of men who, when, they could have the law to uphold them, were ready to enforce peace and good order. We organized about forty or fifty and drilled, and they were well drilled, too. There was a young man by the name of Chase, a bold, active, determined young man, who was foremost in the matter. This rowdy party saw the movement that was being made against them, and they went to work and entrenched themselves, and swore that they would not be arrested, but when they saw the force that was collected against them they made no resistance. From that time to this the people of Atlanta have been a peaceful and law-abiding people, that is, the party of law and order have been triumphant whenever they have showed their determi­ nation to uphold the law and preserve the peace. Mr. Form- wait was the first Mayor and I was the fourth.

There is one or two more items that I want to mention, and one of them is this: When the Georgia Railroad was finished, or about that time, there was a change made in the kind of currency used for change. The usual way of keep­ ing accounts was by 6% cents, 12^ cents, 37% cents, etc., fractional parts of a cent being used. I was the first man that commenced keeping accounts by the Federal money system, cents, dimes, half dimes, etc., and I believe Atlanta was the first place in Georgia this change was inaugurated. The first merchants that came here were men of small capital, almost no capital at all, and who were not able to give credit. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 19

Trade was always brisk. A good deal of trade centered here, but our merchants never sold on credit, and the consequence was that from the first we established a cash trade, and a re­ sult of this system was we always sold our goods for a less price and realized less profits.

JUDGE HAYDEN.—My friend Kyle here wrote a man in New York stating his circumstances, and saying that he wanted about $15 worth of liquor, and he started out on $15 worth of liquor on credit.

MR. NORCROSS.—The earliest merchants that came in after John Thrasher were myself and Collier & Lloyd. The first time that a train of cars came here on the Georgia road, which was about the 15th of September, 1845, there were hut two stores here that sold general merchandise, and they were CoDier & Lloyd and myself. Kyle had a little grocery store, and Dunn had a little bonnet and hat store, but they did not amount to a great deal.

JUDGE HAYDEN.—When I first came here, Mr. Norcross had a saw-mill turned by two old blind horses, and he sawed about 175 feet of lumber per day. The women of the coun­ try came in on purpose to look at it, and the people swore that he fed his horses on sawdust. This mill was located just about where the Air-Line Railroad depot is now.

MR. NORCROSS.—The first hotel here, after the Georgia road was finished, was started by Dr. Thompson. Previous to that there was a little house hereon this (Kimball House) square, with two rooms on the ground and two above. That was all the hotel and all the boarding house there was in Atlanta. The postoffice was there too.

MR. JOHN GLENN.—The first engine that come here was in 1844, hauled up from Madison. It came through Decatur, and I think there were at least 500 men came up with it from Decatur. MR. EZZARD.—I recollect very well when the first passenger 20 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

car came up from MiUedgeville. The Western & Atlantic road was then finished as far as Marietta and the car went on through. There was one old farmer that made the engineer promise that he would stop and let him and daughter walk over the bridge across the Chattahoochee.

MR. NORCROSS.—I recollect very weU the arrival of the first train of cars over the Georgia Railroad. It was on the 15th day of September, 1845. The train came in about dark. Judge King was on board and a great many others. There were a great many people out, and there was a great deal of excitement. There was a well in the square here and much was the excitement, and it being dark, a man fell into the well and was drowned. Judge King came very near falling in there also. It was dark and he was just on the point of stepping in when some one caught him and saved him. I suppose there were about 20 families here at that time.

MR. MEYER.—In 1848 there were 215 votes polled at the election for Mayor. There was great excitement, and every body was drummed up. MR. KYLE.—In 1843 there were about seven families here. Just beyond where the Governor's Mansion now stands was the burying ground. The present cemetery was not estab­ lished until September, 1850.

MR. NORCROSS.—The next great event in the history of Atlanta was the arrival of the cars on the Macon road. It was in 1846 or 1847. When it fell into new hands the name was changed from the old Monroe railroad to the Macon and Western railroad. The stock was bought up and they commenced to build it. They at first decided to run the track in up by the State road shops, and to make the depot there. With that view the embankment up there was con­ structed. Those of us who lived here then and had bought property, thought that the town would be up there, and wc went to work and held a meeting and brought all the in­ fluence we could to bear upon the company to get them to THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 21 change the proposed location and bring it down here, and we prevailed on Mr. Tyler, who was President of the company, to bring the road down here (Kimball House) to this public square, upon condition that Mr. Mitchell would give a place for the depot. It was done, and that was a turning point in the history of Atlanta.

MR. THRASHER.—That was my ruin. I bought 100 acres of land with the expectation that the Macon road would stop up by the State road shops, and when I found that the road was going down here, I was very much enraged, and sold out my interest in that 100 acres for $4 an acre, although it was about one-half of what I gave for it. I did not think the property would ever be worth any thing out there, and I sold out and went to Griffin.

MR. NORCROSS.—The reason why the streets are so crooked is, that every man built on his land just to suit himself. The charter that was broken up by "Cousin John" and those as­ sociated with him, provided for the appointment of com­ missioners to lay out the streets, but they were not or would not exercise their duties, and so every man built upon his own land just as he pleased. There were only a very few that believed there ever would be a town here at all. That was one reason why the commissioners would not act, they did not think it a matter of much importance. Governor Crawford did not believe that there would ever be a city here, and Col. Long, the Chief Engineer of the Georgia road, said that Atlanta would never be anything but a wood station.

JUDGE HAYDEN.—Col. Long spent all of his money at Marietta. He spent thousands of dollars there. He gave it as his opinion that when all the roads were built, Atlanta would consist of a cross road store, a blacksmith's shop, and perhaps, a little cobler's shop.

MR. NORCROSS.—I do not think that any of the engineers of the road, except L. P. Grant, had any idea that Atlanta would ever be a large town. 22 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

THE FIRST MURDER MR. NORCROSS.—The first man that was murdered was killed below the house where I lived down near the LaGrange depot lot. I don't recollect his name. MR. BRAY.—His name was McWilliams, and he was killed by a man named Bill Terrell. He was stabbed. It was dur­ ing a canvass in 1848.

THE FIRST FIRE COL. BLECKLEY.—The first fire took place in 1850, on Alabama Street, near the place where the building occupied by the Southern Express Company now stands. It was on the 16th of April. It made a light that illumined the whole town. Soon after this fire commenced, the alarm was given at a warehouse two or three hundred yards off, and several bales of cotton were destroyed. Then, about the time that fire had been extinguished, another alarm was given. The property damaged and lost was very large. There were of course no steam engines, or no engines of any kind, nothing but buckets of water with which to put out the fire. During the fire someone entered the Georgia Railroad depot and with an axe broke open the money drawer and took from $40 to $70. There were search warrants issued and arrests made and a court of investigation held. There was great excitement. The impression was that the thieves were those who brought about these fires for the purpose of getting an opportunity to rob.

THE FIRST CHURCH MR. KYLE.—The first church that was built was a Meth­ odist Church. It was built by public subscription. That was built about 1845. JUDGE HAYDEN.—The first place I attended church in Atlanta was up here in the Methodist Church (Wesley Chapel). After that they commenced preaching in the THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 23

Baptist Church. They first built a school house, which was also used as a church. Then they moved from that place when the lot was sold, down to where the church now stands. The next year the Baptist Church was built.

CAPT. BRAY.—My recoUection is, that the first church I attended after I came to Atlanta in July, 1848, was the Meth­ odist Church. The Baptist Church was in process of erec­ tion at the time. The Methodist Church was a simple hull of a church, and remained so for a long time. My impres­ sion is that services were first held in the Methodist Church, but that the Baptist Church building was first completed.

THE FIRST MAN HUNG MR. NORCROSS.—The first man hung was Radford J. Crockett, and the name of the next man was John Cobb.

THE FIRST LAWYER L. C. Simpson was the first lawyer, and S. B. Hoyt the first law student. John T. Wilson and S. B. Hoyt studied law together and went into partnership. Hoyt studied a little before Wilson.

ORIGIN OF THE NAME OF ATLANTA MR. NORCROSS.—I recollect distinctly how the name of Atlanta was given to this city. It was formerly called Mar- thasville, and was also known throughout the State as White­ hall. I had a conversation with J. Edgar Thompson about it, and he said that he was going to call the depot ATLANTA in connection with the Western and Atlantic Railroad. He said he did not care what they called the town, but he was going to call the depot Atlanta, and he did so, and the freight all came marked ATLANTA and very soon the town came to be known as ATLANTA. It was not named after the goddess Atalanta, and only the most ignorant people called it by that name. I recollect the matter distinctly. Atalanta had nothing to do with it. 24 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

MR. FLYNN.—I never began to hear of the town being called Atalanta until we began to get proud. I always under­ stood that the reason the city was called Atlanta, was because it was one end. of a connecting link between the Atlantic ocean and the waters of the Mississippi; and it was several years before I heard of its being named after the goddess Atalanta.

PRICE OF BOARD, ETC. COL. BLECKLEY.—In 1851, board in Atlanta, at hotels, was $12 per month. Dr. Thompson, in 1851, advanced his to $15 and many of his boarders left on that account. The price at private boarding houses was from $8 to $11 per month.

MR. HOLCOMBE.—In October, 1847, I leased Washington Hall and kept that hotel until two years from that time. I boarded persons for $12.50 per month. I bought chickens from 6J/4 to 10 cents per pair; butter from 8 to 10 cents per pound; eggs from 6^ to 10 cents per dozen. I have bought good beef for 2*4 cents per pound; and the first time I paid 6 cents a pound for beef was during a fair held at Stone Mountain. There was not room enough at Stone Mountain, and we had to provide for a good many at Atlanta.

THE FIRST FRAME HOUSE MR. THRASHER.—The first frame house was built on the corner of Whitehall Street in the summer of 1846. It was considered, at that time, as being out in the woods.

H. C. HOLCOMBRE.—In the year 1844 I was in Atlanta, Georgia (then Marthasville), and found only a few small houses on Decatur Street, opposite the Kimball House, two or three on Kiles' corner, and some few scattering shantees on other points. No running of the cars here then—there being no rail­ roads completed to this point at that time, (July 28th, 1844). THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 25

I became a citizen of Atlanta on the 4th day of May, 1847. I then found a population of about two hundred and fifty or three hundred persons, counting all ages and colors, males and females. In September of that year the Methodist Episcopal Church held its quarterly meeting under a cotton shed which stood very near the present residence of Mr. James H. Porter, on Wheat Street. There was not then a church building in the place suf­ ficiently large in which that assembly could be convened. All of the lots now occupied by church edifices were then in rough brush and forest trees. There was a circular saw cut­ ting lumber by horse power on the lot now occupied by the Second City Market House, which is now being used as City Police headquarters. The grounds upon which now stands the depot and office building of the State Railroad were surrounded by the sturdy oaks of the forest, the immediate grounds being a caney marsh, the surface of which was some twenty-five or thirty feet below the present grading. Cattle were frequently found mired and fast in the marsh, having gone there to feed on the switch cane and other marsh growth. There were then but two houses on Alabama Street, be­ tween Whitehall and Lloyd Streets; and the first fire that occurred in Atlanta consumed one of them—the same being in April, 1850. The first killing that occured in Atlanta was the case of William Terrell killing one Mr. McWilliams by stabbing, which took place in 1847. Dr. N. G. Hilburn was murdered by Elijah Bird (his brother-in-law) who cut his throat, from which he died instantly. Dr. D'Alvigny was soon at the spot, and pronounced him dead in a few moments after the cutting took place, which was in December, 1850. Bird was afterwards convicted of murder for that act, but was pardoned by the Legislature.

The first brick house erected in Atlanta was the "Atlanta 26 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Hotel" which occupied the grounds now supporting the southeast corner of the Kimball House. I saw the "razor-strap man" in 1847 standing on a large stump, from which a tree had but a little time before been cut, in Whitehall Street, in front of the present' drug store of Redwine & Fox, crying his razor-straps off, and saying that he had "a few more of the same sort left." Then there were but a few houses in that part of the city, and they were not densely located. Atlanta was incorporated by the Legislature of 1847, and the act of incorporation provided for the election of a Mayor and five members of council; and the first election under that charter was held at Kiles' corner in January, 1848. There were a few over two hundred votes polled at said election, which terminated in the choice of Moses W. Formwalt for the first Mayor of the city of Atlanta. The first calaboose or city prison was put up in 1848 of hewn timber, three logs thick—the middle tier or course— set in the wall on the end. The building was twelve feet square on the outside and about eight feet square inside, and stood on the corner of Alabama and Pryor Streets, in front of the American Hotel, that place then being remote, and the inmates not likely to annoy any of the citizens while being confined therein. The grounds now occupied by the Medical College were, in 1848 and 1849, covered with a deep and thick forest, in which small wild game were to be seen, and frequently picked off by the apt and anxious marksman. The building known as the Storr's School House is in the midst of what was the large fields then being planted and cultivated by the Ivy family, who were the owners of all that portion of grounds lying in that vicinity. The cemetery, or the ground used for that purpose then, are now covered with desirable and handsome residence, and are located on the left of Peachtree Street, commencing north THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 27 of the street crossing just beyond the residence of Col. N. J. Hammond. That was the city cemetery until 1850, when the older portion of the present cemetery grounds were purchased by the Mayor and council; and the first grave was opened in said grounds on the 22nd day of September, 1850, and contains the mortal remains of a stranger here by the name of Asahel Caven, who sickened while traveling, but stopping at the old Washington Hall Hotel, and there having died, was interred by the I. O. of 0. F., it being ascertained that he was a member of that order. Those cedar trees now growing so luxurantly in a lot on Marietta Street, opposite the State Capitol, were transplanted there by Dr. Nat Austin in 1848, that lot being that year opened up from the wild forest by the said Austin. These trees were then mere switches, not so large as a convenient sized walking cane. 28 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF THE IM­ MACULATE CONCEPTION IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA

To Which is Attached the Parish Register of Baptisms, Births and Marriages, 1846 Through 1871 By STEPHENS MITCHELL 1927

The earliest records of the parish are contained in an old battered book in which appear the register of confirmations, baptisms and marriages. In the front of the book appears the following request: "I hereby beg Mr. Terence Doonan of Atlanta, Ga., to keep this Register under lock until a resident Priest shall take charge of it. He will be so good as to present it to every Priest who having jurisdiction shall have administered the Holy Sacraments in order to make record. John Barry, V. G. (Vicar General)." The first persons baptised were George Washington Ship­ ley and Sarah Lavinia Shipley, children of G. W. Shipley and his wife Susannah Barnes Shipley, on August 9th, 1846, the Reverend John Barry performing the ceremony and Terence Doonan and Elizabeth Barry acting as sponsors, and Mary Divers, daughter of John and Susannah McCauley Divers, for whom Daniel Dougherty and Mary Dougherty acted as sponsors. The names most frequently occurring in these early rec ods are Doonan, Lynch, O'Brien, McCaffery, Fitzgibbons Dougherty, Cassidy, O'Keefe, Connolly, Riordan, Killips Creed, McCown, Gilchrist, Tyrrell, Divers, Fitzgerald, Me Caffery, Dowling, Cavanah, McGinlcy, Mann, Connon, Dob inger, Faulkner. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 29

During these early days many counties were attached to this parish and there are frequent heads of "Cass Iron Works Cass County" (now Bartow County) ; "Hightower, Forsyth County;" "Dogwood VaUey, Walker County," Dalton, etc. On May 27th, 1849, there is the first entry under the name of Thomas Francis Shanahan, the new pastor, the baptism of Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Sieglar and Ann Bona Sieglar. In 1851 the name of Reverend J. F. O'Neill appears as pastor. New names appear, such as Holliday, Gavan, Lynan, Keenan, Lynes, an occasional slave was baptised, as on August 13th, 1851, Frederick Gabriel Fitzgerald, slave of Ellen Fitzgerald was baptised. In 1851 the following note appears: "The Catholics of Atlanta have been hitherto under the charge of the Pastor of Macon, and occasionally visited by other clergymen of the Diocese. On the 13th of February of the present year I was ap­ pointed Pastor of Atlanta, by Rt. Revd. F. X. Gartland, Bishop of Savannah. J. F. O'Neill, Jr."

In 1852 the Bishop of Savannah made his first visitation and made the following entries: "May 2, 1852. On this day I made the visitation of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Atlanta, Ga.—and administered the Sacrament of Confirmation to the following, viz: Patrick John Rice, William Kay, Daniel Joseph Green, James Aloysius Doonan, William Joseph Masseling, Peter Andrew Cannon, Patrick Alphonsus Garvey, Mary Catharine Masseling, Johanna Magdalene Masseling, Wilhelmina Mar- guerita Masseling, Catharine Ursula Masseling, Eveline Mary M. Smitt, Margaret Kay, Catharine Theresa Dougherty, Mary Agnes Cannon and Rosa Eiseman. FRANCIS XAVIER, Bishop of Savannah. 30 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Occasionally, among the long lists of Irish and German names, appears a French one, probably a Haitien refugee, such as "baptised at Kingston July 31, 1852, Eugene Marie Victor Raphael, son of Victor Petet and Marie Terese Hen­ rietta Van Marbrecht, sponsors Camille Le Hardy De Beau- lieu and B. E. Petet." On March 10th, 1357, is the first record of the Reverend James Hasson who on that date baptised Joseph Roberts, daughter of J. J. Roberts and his wife Valentine Dubois Roberts. Father O'Neill continued as pastor during 1858 and the following record of confirmations appears on January 10th:

Timothy Lynes, John King, James Patrick Cannon, Wil­ liam Rogan, John Josef Garvey, Michael Thomas Enright, John Bartholomew O'Sullivan, William Knowles, Mrs. Eliz­ abeth McGrath, Sarah Carlton, Catherine Haverty, Catherine Lynes, Mary Ann Crozier, Ann Elizabeth Doonan and Mar­ garet Doogan.

In 1859, Reverend James Hasson was pastor and evidently continued as such until 1861 when the names of the Rev­ erend Thomas Reilly and J. Kirby appear on the records. During this period the names of Haverty, Stephens, Gating, Lagomarsino, appear. One of the founders of the "Atlanta HERALD," St. Clair Abrams is noted as a sponsor during this era.

On November 7th, 1871, the name of Reverend J. B. Dug- gan appears as pastor, he having on that date baptised Ed­ ward, son of John and Mary Lagomarsino.

The first record of a marriage in the city of Atlanta is that of Michael Bloomfield and Elizabeth Malone, performed January 20th, 1851 by Rev. J. F. O'Neill, although it was preceded by several marriages performed in other counties which were parts of the parish such as that of Owen Lynch in Cass County and Bartholomy O'Brien and Adeline Kirk- THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 31

patrick at the same place on August 11th, 1846, that of Oliver Wright and Ellen Riordan in Murray County in 1848, Pat­ rick Mansfield and Nancey Watson in Allatoona on June 1st, 1848, Bernard McGinley and Susannah Fitzgibbons in Cass County in December, 1847, Michael McCord and Miranda Turner and Pat Sullivan and Miss Turner in Fayette County in 1848, Robert Holliday and Mary Ann Fitzgerald in Fayette County on June 16th, 1848. The first official record of the parish of the Immaculate Conception is found on the Deed Records of DeKalb County (Atlanta was formerly in DeKalb County). On June 23rd, 1847, Terence Doonan conveyed by Warranty Deed to Ignatius A. Reynolds, Bishop of Charleston, Lot 4 in Block 17 in the City of Atlanta containing 1 acre for the purpose of erecting thereon a Catholic Church. On February 23rd, 1848, Daniel McShaffery deeded Lot 4 in Block 12 of Land Lot 77 of the 14th District containing one acre on the south­ east corner of Loyd Street (now Central Avenue) and East Hunter Streets to I. A. Reynolds, as Bishop of Charleston, and his successors in office, for the purpose of erecting and maintaining a Catholic Church on it. In 1848, Georgia was still a part of the bishopric of Char­ leston and the spiritual needs of the widely scattered Catholic population were attended to by its Bishop. But in Atlanta Catholics were beginning to be found in sufficient numbers to warrant the establishment of a church. The first parish record is dated 1846 as was noted above. The original Catholic population of Atlanta was largely Irish with an admixture of Germans and some French. The names that are most often found on the early parish registers are those of the hardy pioneers who built and operated our first railroads. The first mission priest was the Reverend John Barry, who offered up the first mass in the city in the home of either Patrick Lvnch or *** McCullouch about 1845. He was sue- 32 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN ceeded by the Reverend Thos. F. Shanahan in 1849. The first resident priest came in 1850. He was Father J. F. O'Neill, Jr., and was pastor until April, 1859, succeeded by Father James Hasson who served from 1859 to May, 1861. White's Historical Collections (1854) gives the Catholic population of the town as being 250.

During the late Civil War the priest was the Reverend Thomas O'Reilly who is known most favorably as the person who persuaded General Sherman to spare the churches of the town when he burned the rest of the buildings in 1864.

(See Pioneer History of Atlanta, pages 155-6.) Father O'Reilly built the Church of the Immaculate Conception as it now stands and built the Convent of the Sisters of Mercy on Central Avenue. He established the first Catholic School in the town.

In 1850, Georgia became a Bishopric, with its head at Savannah, and the allegiance of the new parish was trans­ formed to that city. The progress of the parish until the Cival War was apparently satisfactory, though its growth was slow. At that time American Catholicism relied almost en­ tirely for its growth on foreign immigration, and except for Irish and German immigrants there were few in the South. During the Civil War there was a great growth of population in the city of Atlanta, and though almost all of the male members were enrolled in some branch of the service the parish continued to exist and hold its own under the charge of Fathers Hasson and O'Reilly.

After the Civil War was over there was a long period during which the church did well to hold its own. No new people came South. The native population furnished no field for conversions. The people were poor and unable to give very great assistance to the church authorities.

During this period, stretching from 1865 to 1900 the parish consolidated its population. It was no longer an ex­ periment, but a fixture. It had found who were the true THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 33 and loyal Catholics in its midst. It had added some names to its roster, chief of which was that of the Spaldings, probably the oldest and most distinguished English Catholic family in the South. It had drawn to itself many of the Catholics scattered through the surrounding territory and who had been in danger of losing the faith through lack of attention. Around 1880 the new parish of the St. Peter and Paul, now Sacred Heart Parish was detached from the parish of the Im­ maculate Conception. Despite the loss of so much of its territory and population the parish has held its own. It now (1927) supports three priests and maintains its own school. Its pastor, the Rev­ erend Emmett Walsh has recently been raised to the Bis­ hopric of Charleston, an honor which is most unusual for a priest of his age. Under Father Walsh the church's charita­ ble and intellectual sides were stressed and in addition to this there was a great increase of devotion.

The following are the names of early Catholics in order of their appearance on the baptismal register:

1846: G. W. Shipley, Sarah L. Shipley, Mary Divers, Richard Cullinan, John Lynch, J. A. Harvey, Elizabeth Car- lin, Mary O'Brien, Elizabeth Connor, Mary Creid, Archibald O'Brien, James Lynch, John Carrol, Mrs. E. Mann, Ellen Connolly, Mary- Jane Glynn, Elizabeth Smith.

1847: Elizabeth Lynch, Bridget O'Brien, Mary E. Me Caffery, William Doonan, Catherine Fitzgibbon, James Gil christ, Mary Lynch, Mary Fitzgibbon, C. Cassidy, E. Dough erty, Daniel Dougherty, Owen O'Keefe, Anne M. Connolly

1848: John T. Riordan, P. H. Newman, John Newman Mary Lewis Bridget Cannon, Henry Killips, Anne McCowen J. T. McCowen, Will Creed, E. Gilchrist, Mary Tyrell, W. H Tyrell, Ellen E. Divers, Catharine Dowling, Mary E. Murphy Will McCaffery, Margaret A. O'Brien, W. T. Heffernan, M Lynch, Sarah Fitzgerald, John and Cherry, slaves of M. A Cooper, Charles G. Maner, Charles McGinley, James Cavanah 34 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Mary A. Carrol, John O'Connor, Mary O'Connor, Will O'Con­ nor, Elizabeth O'Connor.

1849: Ann Elizabeth Roonan, Mary Elizabeth Sieglar, Catharine Iminell, Daniel McCullough, Patrick Lynch, Mary Anne Ray, John Gould.

1850: Ann Mann, Mary Mann, Susan Creed, Charles Beruff, Carl Dubler, Joseph Flynn, Robert, slave of Phillip Fitzgerald, Christopher Mansfield, Patrick McMahon, Mar­ garet Gould, Savannah Murphy, Thomas Garrett.

1851: Elizabeth Dowling, Ann Eliza Divers, Catharine Cannon, Sarah E. Kay, Mary R. Tyrrell, Lucy Jeanne Cassidy, Mary McMahon, John Ryan, Mary Gavin, Mrs. Elizabeth Kunan, Anna Kreinger, James Garvey, Isabella Fitzgerald, Robert Holliday, Anton Kontz, Jeremiah Callaghan, Patrick Wheelan, Sarah Cody.

1852: Catharine Furlong, James O'Brien, James M. Car­ roll, John P. Roneche, Hilary E. Florsch, Laura O'Brien, Emily Glynn, W. D. Glynn, Sarah Susan O'Connor, John Thomas O'Connor, Susan Kirby, Mary Speiran, Susan Fitz­ gibbon, John Faulkner, James Faulkner, Joseph Faulkner, Thomas McMahon, Frances Lynch, E. M. V. R. Petit, Nicholas Petit, Eliza Tierney, James Carroll, James Fury, Arthur Con- nally, Martha O'Connor, Mary Bloomfield, Patrick Creed, Margaret Kincaid, William Kearney, Robert T. Murphy, Ellen Lynan, Catharine Healey, Louis Gray, Mary Ann Gray.

1853: Agnes Sullivan, Elizabeth A. Moran, Mary A. Lynch, James Murphy, Mary M. McGinley, Jacob E. Gil- chreast, Mary E. Mansfield, John Tyrell, Sarah Anne Sey- more, Michael Riordan, Robert McDonough, Mary James Schiken, John Nicholas Haynes, Barbara Haynes, William Haynes, Lucy Haynes, Laurence Haynes, Caroline Deubler, Richard Whelan, Julia Frances Fitzgerald, James and John, slaves of Philip Fitzgerald, John T. Wallis, Niceta Wallis, Mary Sullivan, James Sullivan, John Young, John Brolly, THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 35

Margaret Brolly, John Clinton, Caroline Jacobs, Patrick Blunt.

1854: Mary E. Kay, John Callaghan, Hannah Lynch, J. P. Divers, Marye K. Smith, Julia O'Connor, Maris Butler, Windsor J. Smith, Mary E. Gannon, George O'Connor, Mrs. Jane Sullivan, Mary Crozier, Mary Considine, William Mc­ Donough, Mary A. O'Neille, Martin Kennedy, Frances Lynch, Mary Murphy, James Tucker, Romi Robert, Julia Robert, Anna Robert, Magdalene Dobinger, Gabriel D. Peel, Pat W. Lynch, Mary M. Johnson, Ann Murphy, Julia A. Valentino, John F. Connolly, Michael O'Brien, James Brawley (?), James F. Kennedy.

1855: Wilhelmina L. Hubers, Joseph McGettigan, Mary Ann McDonald, Bridget E. Bloomfield, Jeremiah F. Mur­ phy, Mary Ann Sheehan, J. H. Flynn, Thomas L. Flynn, Catherine Fitzgerald, John P. Weil, Mary McMahon, John Owen McMahon, Maria O'Brien, Jno. McNamara, Catharine Quinn, Rosanna Blunt, M. H. Kearney, John Dugan, Mary Elizabeth Garaughty, Patrick J as. Cronin, Peter J. Schikan, John T. Savage, Georgianna Kay, Sarah O'Connor, William Fitzgibbon, Edward Keelly, Mary J. Farley, John Mansfield. Catherine Agricola, Thomas Lawler.

1856: Patrick J. O'Callaghan, Catharine Honoria Tuck­ er, John Harrison, James Garvey, Nicholas Devereux, John Donougho, John Lewis Peel, Joel T. Ferrall, Michael Butler, Catharine Lynch, Mary Blunt, Catharine McDonough, Mary Ellen Connolly, Michael Murphy, Margaret Adeline Cassidy, John Oscar O'Brien, Josephine Terresa and Julia Margaret Young, Mary Ann Kelly, Michael E. Valentino, Hannah M. Fitzgibbon, Elizabeth Lynch, Mary Ann Hand, Elizabeth Parks, Johanna Kennedy, Ellen O'Connor, Mary Eliza Lynan, Margaret Adeline O'Connor, Augusta Cleveland, Mary Ann Cleveland, Martha Tyrrell, Joseph Gatins.

1857: John Sullivan, Ann Elizabeth Sullivan, Joseph Robert, Virginia McKenney, Thomas M. Donahue, Martha 36 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Donohue, Mary Margaret Myers, Frances Antoinette Mon- aghan, Maty S. Masselling, Elizabeth Glynn, Lucretia Glynn, Honoria J. Ryan, Charlotte P. Savage, Antony W. Jacobs, John Henry Roach, Margaret Edelman, Ann F. Bloomfield, Mary Ellen Kearney, Dorothy Devereux, Mary Ellen Kay, Margaret E. McDonald, Alice Carroll, Catherine M. Gannon, Edward Gleason, Patrick W. Lynch, Mary Jane Kennedy, Cornelius McAll, Francis M. McAU, Thomas McAll, Marie Adele Fitzgerald, James H. Wallace, Sarah Elizabeth Wal­ lace, Mary Sarah Smith, Margaret Cannon.

1858: Elizabeth McGrath, Sarah Carlton, Catherine B. Strain, Mary Frances Lynch, Mary Ann Coyan, Margaret Blunt, William Gray, Stephen A. Ryan, James T. Sullivan, Clara T. Malone, Catherine Divers, Mary Harrison, James P. Tucker, Gustavus Jagers, Henry Schaffer, Charles Jager, William Connolly, Joseph Corrigan, Mary Ann Riley, John W. Gilcreast, Peter Lynch, Josephine M. Bohmer, Martha O'Connor, Patrick O'Connor, Felix Harrison, Henry Mans­ field, Richard Keelty, Ellen Fitzgibbon, Mary Ann Lawler, Susan Faulkner, Stephen Faulkner, Charles Faulkner, Thom­ as Faulkner, Jane Dunphy, Richard Dunphy, Timothy Kavanaugh, Catharine Myers, Eugene Lynch, Mary Fitz­ gibbon, Isabella E. Cook, Bridget Enright, James Lynch, John Maher, James Lynan, Catharine A. Gatins, Gyaberto Uters, Elizabeth L. Driscoll, Daniel J. O'Sullivan, Thomas W. Sccl- by, Sylvester Merrion, John W. Morris, Evelina A. Campbell, Adelaide DeBray, Emile DeBray, Joseph DeBray, Mary Ellen Scanlon, Alice Kane, Mary Jane Hayden, Mary Ann Quinn, Thomas Hand, Ellen Danaher, Mary Ellen O'Gallagher.

1859: James D. Ryan, Margaret Ann Savage, Catharine Ann Mclntire, Adelaide Valentino, Elizabeth Lynch, Luke Gray, Eliza Miller, Mary Ann Sheehan, Josephine Ahtstrom, Grace Alice Price, John Emmett Gleeson, James H. P. Gold­ en, Timothy Sullivan, James Kelly, Bartholomew Wall, Joseph Harford, Sarah Margaret Coyne, Mary Feline McCar- roll, Catharine A. Bloomfield, Christopher Sullivan, John THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 37

McGrath, Mary Margaret Flynn, Catharine C. Holliday, Han­ nah Murphy, Anne J. Brawley, Henry Brawley, Anne Braw- ley, Luke W. Lennon, Margaret Anne Roach, Morand Eliz­ abeth Flynn, Jane Turner, Catherine Sullivan, Margaret Holeman, Cecilia Ellen Gannon, Francis Antony Daniel, John Mahoney, William Kay, James William Devereux, Wil­ liam Dunphy, Mary T. O'Halloran.

1860: Ellen Murphy, Patrick Butler, Felix Butler, Rob­ ert E. Scanlon, Bridget A. Gleeson, Elizabeth Murphy, James Connolly, Bridget Ennis, Michael Lynch, Margaret Kennedy, Paul Louis Lawrence DeGive, James E. Gatins, Anna M. Sul­ livan, Jane Celina Gardner, John F. Ryan, Bridget Lynch, Lucinda Fishback, Richard Fitzgibbon, Catherine Corrigan, Mary Anne Fitzgibbon, Rose Mary Marian, Junius E. Nash, Anne J. Golden, Susan Mansfield, Allebella Smyth, John E. Ellis, Catherine 0. McGuire, Bridget Heggarty, James Lynch, Jacob Schikane, Emma V. Smyth, Mary M. Fleck, Margaret E. Jennings, Ellen L. Jennings, Bridget Connor, John Dris- coll, Catherine M. Hagerty, Bridget Dunning, Thomas M. Daly, Henry Shaw, Anne Kelly, James Lynch.

1861: T. R. Malone, Bridget Murphy, James F. O'Neill, Mary Bridget Wall, David Fitzgibbon, Joanna Ellen Sheehan, Mary Elizabeth Mclntyre, Catherine Clancey, Daniel Con- sidine, Francis Kane, Jeanne Fereter, James Keelty, John Smyth, James H. Beeker, Patrick Enright, Mary Elizabeth Pelter, Emma C. Pelter, Mary T. Gatins, Mary F. Monagham, Sarah C. Morrissy, Joseph B. Batist, Elizabeth O'Connor, Margaret E. Fitzgibbon, Martha Gilchrist, Maria E. Burke, James Gray, Mary B. Green, William J. O'Halloran, Mary Hereford, James F. Coyne, John Guinn, Agnes V. Morris, Walter J. Bartley, Daniel T. Bartley, James Dunn, Margaret Caveney, Anne E. Lynch, Mary Helena Lynes, Anne T. Ma­ son, Eliza T. Glinch, Michael Dolan, Ellen Dumphy, De­ borah Fitzgibbons, Isabella Bloomfield, Thomas F. Flynn, Mary Doyle, Cassandra Thompson, George J. Cowley, Eliz­ abeth Farrelly, Thomas Wustifold, Margaret Callaghan, 38 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Michael Cain, John P. Deverous, Mary Ellen Roach, Thomas Henry Ryan, John F. Leinen, Ellen Maria Callaghan, Mary Cullanes, Maria Eliza DeShean, Elizabeth M. Doyle.

1862: Anne Kearney, Julia F. Divers, James Hogan, Jane F. Simson, John T. Scott, William Smith, Florence Lam­ bert, Charles Murphy Martha Savage, Jeremiah P. Mahoney, Anna Maria Mahoney, John Henry Gatins, Margaret A. Mc- Ardel, Martin Cooley, Martha Agnes McDonald, Frances Lynch, Mary Cullane, Henry Fleck, John Flynn, John H. Daley, Arthur H. Connolly, Joseph P. Lambert, Thomas Em- mett Gleeson, Mary Ann Tucker, Margaret J. Golden, Mary Ann Grenvill, John F. O'Sullivan, Edward Dowling, John Bracken, James Bracken, Lewis Bracken, Joseph O'Driscoll, John Patrick McCabe, Charles H. Barclay, Mary Matilda Dooly, Elizabeth Mansfield, Bertha Brawley, Margaret M. Mason, Alice Connors, Margaret Ann Hagerty, Bridget Cain, Bridget Bracken, John Ferreter, George Beauregarde Du- Bignon, Patrick Scanlon, Ann M. Green, Hannah A. Heeney, Catherine Heeney, Edward J. Malone, Mary Ann Consadine, Deborah Wall, Wilhelmina Helena Schickan, August Karl, Frederick Baker, Charles Coyan, John Dunfy.

1863: Joseph Freeman, William Freeman, Cornelius Callaghan, Mary Ellen Lynch, Maria M. Dunning, Jonah Gilchreast, Laurence B. Nash, Louisa Jane Richards (a free person of color), Agnes Lynch, John Gray, Pater A. Lynch, Mary Connelly, ? ? Corrigan, Marcella McNally, James Murphy, Edward Monaghan, Elizabeth J. Green, Clara Anne Hareford, James P. Cowley, Thomas Kelly, Victor Emile Lam­ bert, Mary T. Ellis, James Richard Fitzgerald, Annie Laurie Fitzgerald,WilliamH. Hand, Julia Gatins, James Duggan, James Callaghan, Helen Burke, Henry Ruborg, Frank Kane, Ida Fay, Julia Kennedy, Mary Kennedy, June E. Heeny, Cornelia Mansfield, Henry B. Harvey, Benjamin Brown, Francis J. Edelman, Mary Austin, Henry Lynan, Francis Butler, Joseph Frey, John O'Neill, William R. Williamson, Mary Anna Keating, Thomas F. Dowling, William Farrelly, Mary Mar- THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 39 garet Daly, Gustave Kolschen, Honora Murphy, Mary B. Ryan, Mary H. Bergen, Mary Lucy Bracken, Mary Helena Sheehan.

1864: John Lynch, Elizabeth Bloomfield, Robert Ryce, Edward Hughes, Rosanna Lambert, Catharine Sullivan, Dorcas Fitzgibbon, Edward Ryan, Thomas Fitzgibbon, Cath­ erine Caveney, Philip Stephens, Francis Deveroux, Margaret Mahoney, John Kennedy, Mary Gatins, Wilhemina Lange, James R. Holliday, John H. O'Connor, Elizabeth Lynes, Eliz­ abeth Johnson, John Lennon, Francis Golden, Andrew Mock- lev, William Nixon, John Lynch, Elizabeth Lynch, Cathar­ ine Flynn, Mary McNally, Catharine Callaghan, John Scott, Edward Tucker, Catherine E. Sullivan, John Dowling, Michael Mahoney.

1865: Robert Campbell, Helen Campbell, Mary Wall, Andrew O'Holleran, Mary Elizabeth Mahoney, James Lynch, John R. O'Dwyer, John Francis Stephens, William Gallegher, Michael Scanlon, Aloysius Ryan, James Michael Soyle.

1866: Honoria E. Sheehan, Alfred Abrams, Mary Mur­ phy, Mary Devereux, Catherine Pinckney, Matilda Dunning, Octavia Penfield, John P. Gatins, Mary Lunch, Delia Broach, Timothy Lynes, Catherine M. Bloomfield, Cecelia Gatins, Henrietta Jenkins, Barnard Cain, Paul P. S. DeGive, Julia L. Brocken, William R. Simpson, John D. Flynn, James Hughes, Catharine Mason, John Lowther, Edward Hagerty, Mary Brady, Margaret McNally, Honoria Hanlon, Susannah Poul- ter, a person of color, John J. Lackart, Edward Corrigan, William J. Finney, Daniel Daly.

1867: Helen H. Wallace, Michael Corrigan, Michael H. Lynch, Julia C. Lynch, Esther J. Campbell, Margaret Hav­ erty, Mary P. Malone, Anthony Gallagher, Estora Stephens, Margaret Sullivan, Peter Lambert, Teresa Merch, John Doyle, Mary E. Plunkett, Catherine Schikan, Michael E. McGee, Mary Thornton, Thomas M. Poryson, Francis A. McFarlan, John R. Jenkins, Charles de La Maso, Concepcion de la Maso, 40 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

Emmanueal de la Maso, Patrick Mansfield, Thomas Mans­ field, Louise Cobb, Helen W. McGovern, William O'Dwyer, Charles I. Ryan, Tobias J. Thornton, Sophia Lynch.

1868: Elizabeth Wall, Walter Hutty, Thomas P. Fifer, Anna Gatins, Edwina O. Baker, Patricia Lynch, Thomas Far- relly, Catherine Gavin, Julia Campbell, Martha Poree, Clara Poree, Honora Thornton, Elizabeth Gilbert, Helen Gilber, Elizabeth Hendricks, Laura Hill, Helen Hill, Mary Virginia Peller, Euphenia Loyd, Bridget V. Callaghan, John T. Brady, Annie Elizabeth Stephens, Honora Daly, Francis Mary Holli- day, Helen G. O'Halloran, Mary J. Leary, John Lyons, Mon­ ica Alvarey, Matthew McCulloch, Joseph (freed slave), Emi­ lia Elizabeth Pecholdt, Francis Siegel, George Adams, Rosina Fechter, Egidius Fechter, James M. O'Neill, Joseph Oliver Wright, Francis Lynch, Jusephine Chave, Jeremia N. Wal­ lace, Catharine Muller, Ludwig MuRer, John Malone, Ellen McGinty, Anna M. O'Connor, Anna McGovern, Mathilda Muller, Robert E. Finney, Elizabeth Coughlin, Mary H. Bro- gan, John A. Havernis, Sarah Nalley, Richard Bloomfield, Alice Madden, Anna Gertrude McGee, John W. Muller, Elias T. Winters, Ellen Bray, James Bray, Ellen Ragan, Thomas J. Ragan, Elias Wofford, Jeanne C. Muller, W. P. Cobb Muller, Mary Louise Masselling, Matilda Crafton, Anna (freed slave of Philip Fitzgerald), Elizabeth Martinetti, Charles James Chisholm, John Metterreiter, Charles James Kuhn, Charles T. Madden, John M. Hanlon, Michael Fitzgerald, Mary Hel­ ena Turner, Martin Cooley, John O'C. Bennett, Mary E. Ben­ nett, James Hagerty, Andrew Flynn, Honora Hughes, W. Lee Brocken, Catherine Lynch, Francis W. Loando.

1869: Edward Mahoney, Mary Helena Hickey, Cather­ ine Aloysius Connolly, Sarah L. Monigan, James Harrison, Alice Helena Ransford, Margarita Helen Merur, Samuel J. S. St. Onge, Teresa V. Monigan, William E. Leaks, George Flynn, Sarah Flynn, James W. Loyd, Margaret Pattison, Eliz­ abeth Caroline Muller, Joseph Wooden (person of color). Lilly Hitam, Marian Kennedy, Mary Anne Cooper, Helen A. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 41

Hawthorne, Charles E. Shehan, Julia Gray, Robert Hertell Thomas P. Cole, Dorothy Hernandez Walker, Louise J. Mur phy, William B. Farley, Thomas Bomar, William Reardon James H. Lyons, Emil T. Van Goidtsnovan, Emilia C. Mann Catharine Lynch, William M. Kennedy, Francis Gleeson Frances Bartley, Louise Hoffner, Mary Letitia Stephens George B. Townsend, Mary Coghlen, Edward Sullivan, Jose phine Hortense, Francis A. Wolf, Thomas Nunan, William Egan, Mary T. M. Corrigan, A. J. Ryan, Ada M. Beck, Harold Charles, Agnes Louise Turnipseed, Susan Dunning, Margaret A. Lynch, Mary R. Kane, Mary Haverty, William S. Gatins, Anne E. McGee, Stephen O'Donougho.

1870: Margaret E. Fifer, John H. Steinhauer, Charles M. Van Goidtsnoven, Emile G. Chancerelle, Paul R. Gailmard, Martha Kelly, Mucille Campbell, Solomn Bechtold, Francis Agatha Sheehan, John Garvey, Francis X. Lambert, James W. Miller, Mary Anne Farrell, Patrick Harrison, Charles W. Malone, Richard P. Wall, Arthur Taylor, August V. Hender­ son (person of color), John House, Mary T. Gatins, Mary R. Verdery, Augustine J. Ryan, Frederic Kindley, John Flynn, John Brogan, Charles Tiller, Elizabeth Maher, Catherine E. Katterer, Christopher S. McNally, Patrick J. Bloomfield, Catherine Daley, Mary O'Connor, Jeanne Acton, Aloysius Wallace, Isabelle Leuendi, Jeanne Doonan, Trecillia Camp­ bell, Teresa Daly, Pauline A. Bolsius. Agnes Flynn, Helen G. Roach, Elizabeth F. Pinkney, Alice G. Pinckney, Clara B. Lynch, Mary Anne Hanlon, Albert F. Kuhn, Jeremiah Bresna- han, Anthony Byers, John E. Cooley, Margaret Greene, Peter J. O'Donougho, Mary Kennedy, Alice T. Boyle, Thomas J. Brady, Anne CeciUia Lynan, John Holman, Rose Holman, Louise Kesille, Joseph F. Gray, William P. Joy, William W. Lovette, Mary E. Chisholm.

1871: Clara M. Loyd, Edward T. Murphy, Rosine George, Mary E. Kenney, George S. Police, Robert Dough­ erty, William J. Connolly, Patrick T. Lynch, Patrick H. O'Sul- livan, Robert Williamson, Elizabeth O'Mulligan, Emilia 42 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

O'Mulligan, Charles E. LeBelle, Mary Lewis, Mary Isabelle Stephens, Louis M. Gerbie, Joseph Winters, Joseph Game- well, Margaret Mary Anderson, Gertrude Mahoney, Eugene Jenks, Mary Brady, Mary A. Loyd, William Desmond, Eliz­ abeth Gwinn, Henry E. Ransford, Catharine H. Poulter. Eleanor M. Gatins, Francis Glynn, Julia M. Riodan, Flor­ ence Stokes, Louise Rosetti, Helen A. Andoe, Robert E. Andoe, Julia A. Andoe, Mary M. Andoe, Francis C. Andoe, Martha Burns, Madeline L. Keenan, Mary M. Fenlon, John T. Timmons, Julia O'Leary, James McCaffery, Mary J. Porun, Thomas M. Haverty, Charles G. Shumaker, Mary M. Cannon, John Power, Mary Louise Lambert, Helen Flynn, Edward Lagomarsino, Patrick Breen, John P. Mann, Mary R. Hess, Margaret Sheehan, Mary J. McDevitt, Edwin Kelly, Andrew Cold.

The following is a list of the marriages performed in the Church of the Immaculate Conception in the years from 1846 to 1871: 1846 Bride Owen Lynch Elizabeth Bartholomy OTJrien Adeline Kirkpatrick 1847 Bernard McGinley Susannah Fitzgibbon 1848 Oliver Wright Mary Ellen Riordan Patrick Mansfield Nancy Watson Michael McConnel Miranda Turner Patrick Sullivan Turner Robert Hollidav Mary Anne Fitzgerald 1851 Michael Bloomfield Elizabeth Malone James G. Wilson Catherine Fitzgibbon THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 43

1852 Bride James Lynan Maria ConnoUy John Schikan Anna Catherine Masselling

1853

Matthew Blunt Catherine McGinnis Thomas McDonald Sarah Ann Seymore John Daly Mary Kelly Thomas Flynn Elizabeth Taylor James Bailey Mrs. Ann McDowell Arthur Connolly Susan Sherdian

1854

Charles Savage Julia Malone Francois Ferdinand Catherine Brouillet Hyppolyte DeBray Wilhelmina Masselling Peter Aldrich Catherine Killen James Doyle Pheraby Harp Michael McCullough

1855

John Von Dahlen Wilhelmina Jacobs Dennis F. O'Sullivan Catherine Malone Ambrose Amanda

(Slaves of Philip Fitzgerald) James Herren (Harrison) Bridget Gallagher Thomas Malone Maria Gavin

1856

Dennis Ryan Elizabeth Buckley Thomas Riley Mary Ann Cleveland 44 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

1857

Groom Bride

Richard Fitzgibbon Mary Kirby James Coy an Sarah Quigby Peter Lynch Mary Connor Christopher Sullivan Ann White John Ryan Isabella Cosgrave Michael Lynch Margaret Carey Timothy Burke Catherine Boyle Thomas Welch Mary Hickey Edward Scanlon Catherine Collins James Colgan Pherabe McCullough Peter Bradley Margaret Callaghan James Beeman Margaret O'Connor

1858

Michael Rogan Ann Roberts John Peel Lucia Valentino Richard Watt Deborah Kirby John Flynn Catherine Dougherty John Gatins Ann Collins

1859

Daniel Maholy Jane Gray Thomas Ellis Mary Connolly Thomas Rooney Anne Mahaly Patrick O'Neill Mary Ann Young Felix Murray Anna McManus

1860

John Doyle Elizabeth Ryan Hugh Dunning Matilda Haverty Joseph Harrison Anne Enright Daniel Fleck Mary Masseling Laurence Murrin Hannah Murray THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 45

1861 Groom Bride Dennis Myers Ellen Connolly Timothy Murphy Margaret Magee Timothy O'Connor Kate Murphy Alphonsus Lambert Mahala Monigan

1862 Daniel Callahan Bridget Jennings Joseph Lambert Mary Monigan Patrick Lynch Sophia Heery James ConnoUy Casandra Thompson Samuel Raborg Matilda Mason Michael Keating Widow Kennedy Michael Doyle Widow O'Sullivan

1863 David Fitzgibbons Susan O'Brien John Stephens Anne Elizabeth Fitzgerald William Henry Large Mary Haverty James Hughes Mary Sullivan James Dent Joanna McCarthy Capt. Walton Smith Marion Frances Black

1864 There is no record of any marriages during this year. It will be remembered that the town was beseiged during the spring and summer and was burned in the fall of 1864.

1865 Dr. Michael Fitzgerald Lolly Goodhue John J. Stanton Mary J. Grimes J. J. Healon Jane Campbell David Wallace Ellen O'Neill Henry Ransford Agnes Fitzgerald 46 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

1866 Groom Bride John McMahon Margaret Ray Michael Haverty Alice O'Brien Thomas Lewis Catherine Gordon Martin Thornton Jane McCowan John Gavin Mary Garrett 1867 Martin Kelly, Sr. Mary Nixon John Mann Anne Lynch James O'Halloran Johanna Murphy Thomas Edward Brady Catherine Lyons William A. Masseling Louisa Cobb 1868 Charles B. Madden Mary Doonan Thomas Heenan Sue Agatha Wharton Patrick Daly Ellen E. Haverty Charles Dunn Hannah Buckley Luke Grey Margaret Carrolan John Murray Bridget Fenton John Gallagher Anne Jones Emile Van Goidstnovan Catherine Kelly William N. Cole Mary Fenlon Patrick Brady Catherine Enright Henry Olbrick Catherine Miller 1869 T. B. Archer Louisa Wagner Patrick O'Donougho Alice Jennings Edward McDevitt Agatha Carey John Braggs Mary Underwood 1870 James P. Cannon Helen Kennedy John William Deary Catherine F. 0'Shaughne«*r H. Lindsay Catherine Hagan Michael (William) Breen Anna Falvey L. E. Sparks Mary Stanton Thomas H. Bomar Margaret M. Bomar THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 47

THE SCOTTISH RITE HOSPITAL FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN

By FORREST ADAIR The Scottish Rite Hospital for Cripple Children, on the outskirts of Atlanta, will some day become the shrine of all who are interested in the problem of the crippled child— and perhaps it will be visited as a shrine when there are no more permanently crippled children in the civilized world, if such a condition should come to pass, which is by no means impossible.

For the Scottish Rite Hospital has not only accomplished miracles of itself, not only received hundreds and hundreds of crippled boys and girls, but it was directly the cause of the greatest children's charity the world ever has known. Out of that little cottage hospital, with limited scope and limited means, has grown the great chain of hospitals for crippled children established by the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, which at this date is conducting fourteen such institutions, with a total of more than 600 beds.

It is to be regretted that the growth of these institutions and the news of the splendid work they are doing has caused some confusion in the public mind, an impression that At­ lanta's hospital is a part of the great Shrine chain. This is distinctly not true. Our hospital, from its inception, has been conducted and supported by the Scottish Rite Bodies of Atlanta, Georgia, and never has had any connection with any other order or branch of Masonry. It has no regular in­ come, and its support is drawn from free will offerings from the members of the Scottish Rite Bodies, from money earned in various ways by the loyal members of the Woman's Auxiliary, who do a great deal of work for the hospital, and from the income of an endowment fund which has grown 48 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

all too slowly. There has never been a general call upon the public, although the maintenance of the institution now calls for more than $50,000.00 a year. The Atlanta Historical Society, in compiling a history of the city's institutions, has asked me to write an article for its archives. I trust I shall be pardoned, therefore, in using the personal pronoun to some extent, as an accurate record­ ing of the facts forces me to make reference to whatever share I had in founding this hospital, which long ago had outgrown the dreams of its creators. Permit me to say at the outset that the idea and the in­ stitution were built around and upon that great orthopedic surgeon and humanitarian, that most lovable of men, Dr. Michael Hoke, of Atlanta. Without Dr. Hoke there could have been no Scottish Rite Hospital for Cripple Children. Without him it could not have begun to keep pace with the demands upon it. And I am sure it is not generally known that this busiest of surgeons and most modest and retiring of men, has given an enormous share of his time, all the skill at his command, to the Scottish Rite Hospital with never a cent of fee ever being paid to him or to his highly skilled associate, Dr. Lawson Thornton. Their freely given services, and those of a score of other specialists in various lines who have responded to calls from the hospital with never a thought of fee, have made possible the continuance of the institution within an expense far below that of any other hospital I know. But to give the history of our hospital chronologically, it was in 1915 that I called at "Mike" Hoke's office to ask why he had sent no bill for treating a victim of a railroad accident, a member of the local Shrine, whom that order was looking after. "Mike" said that his bills were his own busi­ ness and he would send them when he pleased and for how little he pleased. And that good natured argument led to this: "I have just been forced to tell a mother that I cannot treat her little crippled son," said Dr. Hoke. "Not because THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 49 she cannot pay a fee, for I have no thought of that. But the case would require long treatment in a hospital bed; she lives far from Atlanta, and there would be no way for her to meet that expense. If there were only some way that I might have five or six beds maintained in a hospital for such cases as that, I would gladly give my services, and perhaps we could save a few crippled boys and girls every year, children whose parents are unable to pay." That was "Mike" Hoke's idea. I couldn't let it drop at that. I walked back to the Masonic Temple and called upon Joseph C. Greenfield, then secretary of the Scottish Rite Bodies. I found him writing an article for a Masonic mag­ azine, which he had entitled "What Are We Doing?" It was a recital of the fact that we Masons were building temples of stone and marble, initiating candidates, wearing insignia— and doing nothing for education or for humanity in general. Now, there was a combination of two ideas—the fact that we were doing nothing, coming on the heels of an opportu­ nity to do something. The Scottish Rite had a fair amount of money in its treasury just then; if it had kept accumulating there might soon have been a demand for a great marble cathedral. Brother Greenfield and I conceived a greater work than that. We called the executive committee together next day. At our request Dr. Hoke brought us some photo­ graphs of crippled children to show what skilled orthopedic surgery could accomplish. He was enthusiastic over the promise of an opportunity to give his services. Then and there, the Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children was born. I sometimes wonder if we would have dared to under­ take it, had we dreamed of the growth "it would be forced to take on within a few years! We rented two small cottages on a quiet street near East Lake which would give room for twenty beds, for Dr. Hoke insisted he was willing to give half his time to this work. Indeed, he always has had the strange idea that the Scottish Rite was doing something for him instead of his doing some- 50 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN thing for others. We needed a trained superintendent, and we found her in Miss Lillian Carter, of Seattle, who was recommended to us as the very best person to be had. We made no mistake there, and Mamma Carter has been at the head of the institution until a short time ago, when she married. She was succeeded by her assistant, a girl trained in our hospital, Miss Martha Waltmire, who has proved a most able superintendent. Things moved with startling rapidity after that. So many children's names were on the waiting list that it was soon evident that the two little cottages and twenty beds were sadly inadequate. The Scottish Rite was thoroughly con­ vinced of the success of the idea now, and it resolved to fulfil, to the best of its ability, the task it had begun. The little institution was first opened for patients on September 1, 1915. It had no operating rooms, so the little patients were brought into the city for operations and then taken back to their beds, a poor practice and one which could not continue. In June, 1917, was begun a campaign for funds, among the members of the Scottish Rite. It was war time, and the public had many calls, and only $22,000.00 was collected. Then Albert Steiner, a member of the Rite and afterward founder of the Steiner Clinic for the treatment of cancer, conducted in connection with Grady Hospital, came forward with a gift of $25,000. The Scottish Rite Bodies then sub­ scribed $20,000 and later another $20,000. Some money came from other sources, and in June, 1918, the present building was begun, on the site of the original cottages, with a tract of about seven acres of land. Since that time there has never been an empty bed in the Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children, save for a day or two when some patient on the waiting list was delayed in arrival. The waiting list always is a long one, always more than the capacity of the hospital itself. There are sixty beds in constant use, and this gives small idea of the work the institution is doing, because every Tuesday is "clinic THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 51 day" when parents from many miles around bring children to the hospital for minor operations and treatment which does not require confinement to a bed. These "out patient" cases far outnumber those treated in the hospital itself. Since the opening of the institution, a total of 2857 chil­ dren have been given treatment in the wards or the clinic, and sent to their homes materially benefitted. They have been saved from being cripples for life, perhaps paupers or dependants. They have been given a chance to support themselves, and we are proud to say that most of them have done so. And it should be impressed upon the public that never one cent of fees ever has been paid for the treatment or hospital care of any child. There have been numerous cases where parents, knowing of the wonderful results accom­ plished and the happiness of the children at our hospital, have begged that their children might be received there, on a full pay basis. It is necessary, of course, to refuse, because that would mean depriving some poor child of that bed. The Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children is not a wealthy institution. Because its trustees have not asked the public for help, there has been perhaps an impression that it does not need money. Nothing could be further from the truth. Each year the cost of operating the institution increases; each year the difficulty of meeting expenses through voluntary contribution grows. The Scottish Rite Bodies of this jurisdiction number only a few thousand, and embrace many men of moderate means. But their hospital is "carrying on" and we have no fear that it will ever fail of support. So much for "our" hospital. But the story would not be complete without some history of the great charity which grew out of it and through its influence. The Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, whose membership is composed of Freemasons who have taken either the Scottish Rite or Knights Templars degrees, had become known as "the playground of Masonry." With­ in the Shrine, at its ceremonial sessions or on its annual 52 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN pilgrimages to its Imperial Council sessions, business men forgot their cares, and marched behind brass bands, wore gorgeous uniforms, held great parades, danced and sang and became youngsters again. It had grown until its member­ ship had passed half a million. And there had grown up in the Shrine a feeling that such an order should not devote itself wholly to play—that surely it should accomplish some­ thing for the general good. The feeling crystallized in the idea that the Shrine should institute and maintain some broad charity, and in 1919, at the session of the Imperial Council, a resolution was offered looking to the establishment of a "home" for crippled chil­ dren. In the discussion of the subject at this and subsequent sessions the great work of the Scottish Rite Hospital at At­ lanta was frequently mentioned and it generally was con­ ceded that this was the inspiration which caused the Shrine to turn its proposed charity in that direction. Honorable W. Freeland Kendrick, now Mayor of Philadel­ phia, became Imperial Potentate of the Shrine for the years 1919-20, and during his tour of the various temples in that year he spoke frequently of the crippled child and its needs. At the Imperial Session in 1920 he presided, and a resolution was adopted calling for the appointment of a committee to consider the establishment of a hospital for crippled children. This committee submitted its report at the DesMoines session in 1919, recommending that several hospitals be established. The report was adopted and a Board of Trustees elected to take charge of the operations of the institutions. I had the honor to be chosen as a member of that board and am still a member. I served as secretary of the board until a few months ago. The first meeting of the board, after that de­ voted to organization, was held in Atlanta, when its mem­ bers visited the Scottish Rite Hospital, studied its methods, and followed its general ideas in building and conducting the Shrine hospitals, which have grown until more than 600 beds are now in operation, supported by assessments upon the nearly 600,000 members of the order. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 53

EDITOR'S CHAIR

Among the services which the ATLANTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY can render the community, certainly, one of the most interesting is to review and make commonly known those im­ portant events connected with the beginning of the city which on account of the lapse of time have become obscure and known to but few of the present generation. Aside from any practical value which such knowledge has, it appeals strongly to that universal instinct, which might be called the antiquarian instinct. In recognition of this common instinct we have reprinted in this issue of the Bulletin the account of the proceedings of Atlanta's first "Historic Society," found in Hanleiter's Directory of Atlanta of 1871. In this connec­ tion, we may announce that it is the purpose of the Society, when it is able to provide itself with adequate quarters to assemble all of the directories of the city which have ever been published so that a complete roster of the population of the city from its early days may be preserved and made accessible.

Another important function of the Society will be to collect and preserve a history of all of the social, religious and benevolent institutions which have conduced to the making of the city the kind of community of which its peo­ ple are JO justly proud. As an example of what the Society hopes to do in this regard we are publishing in this issue, the very valuable paper of Mr. Stephens Mitchell on the Parish of the Immaculate Conception. This paper is his­ torical in the highest sense and we hope that it will be fol­ lowed by similar articles on the other churches of the city. A further function of the Society is to cultivate the field of recent or contemporary history and to secure while the facts are fresh and can be accurately ascertained, the stories of recent institutions and events of such importance as to 54 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN insure their becoming a part of the permanent history of the community.

As an example of this function, we give place in this issue to the account of the establishment of the Home for Crippled Children by Mr. Forrest Adair. It will remain a source of pride to the people of Atlanta for all time that they were pioneers in this great benevolence.

It was a matter of some uncertainty and embarrassment in the preparation of this issue of the Bulletin to select from the number of excellent papers prepared for the Society those which should be used in this issue. All were worthy of publication and will be used as soon as possible.

The Society appreciates the interest which the public has manifested in it. It is hoped that the interest wiU be more than a sympathetic interest—that it will be an active interest. No service can be more valuable than for those who are qualified from a personal knowledge of any subject of his­ torical interest and for those who have the time and training for research to prepare for the Society articles which may become part of the archives of the Society. THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN 55

ROLL OF MEMBERS

HONORARY MEMBERS

W. M. BASKERVILLE IUDGE GEORGE HILLYER ASA G. CANDLER, SR. J. A. HOLLOMAN JOHN S. COHEN CHARLES W. HUBNER DR. E. L. CONNALLY

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

FORREST ADAIR H. A. MAIER LUTHER E. ALLEN JAMES L. MAYSON MISS TOMMIE DORA BARKER WALTER MCELREATH MISS RUTH BLAIR A. A. MEYER DR. GEORGE BROWN E. M. MITCHELL DR. PHINIZY CALHOUN WILMER L. MOORE WILLIAM RAWSON COLLIER J. B. NEVIN THOMAS W. CONNALLY MRS. J. K. OTTLEY JOHN M. GRAHAM EDWARD C. PETERS C. J. HADEN E. E. POMEROY JOHN T. HANCOCK N. P. PRATT MRS. DON B. HARRIS MRS. R. K. RAMBO CLARKE HOWELL HOLLINS N. RANDOLPH JOEL HUNTER MRS. F. M. ROBINSON THEODORE H. JACK MRS. JOHN M. SLATON DR. JOSEPH JACOBS HOKE SMITH E. H. JOHNSON MARION SMITH JOHN ASHLEY JONES P. H. SNOOK WILLIAM COLE JONES EDGAR WATKINS E. C. KONTZ WILLIAM FORT WILLIAMS E. C. LAIRD MRS. A. MCD. WILSON RICHARD A. MAGILL W. D. THOMSON 56 THE ATLANTA HISTORICAL BULLETIN

REGULAR MEMBERS

MRS. JOHN W. AKIN MISS ALICE MAY MASSENGALE CLIFFORD L. ANDERSON S. W. MCCALLIE ROBERT LEE AVARY MRS. S. W. MCCALLIE MISS META BARKER MRS . AURELIA RO ACH MCMILL A N CHARLES G. BECK MRS. JOSEPH N. MOODY DR. J. W. BEESON MRS. MOLLIE S. MORAN LOGAN BLECKLEY MISS ROSE MORAN SHEPARD BRYAN THOMAS H. MORGAN PATRICK H. CALHOUN MRS. THOMAS H. MORGAN W. M. CASEY MISS HELEN M. PRESCOTT A. L. COLVIN MISS ELIZABETH RAGLAND MRS. HAMILTON DOUGLAS JOSIAH T. ROSE MRS. PEARL MOZLEY GAY WILLIAM J. SAYWARD MISS MILDRED HAM HUGH M. SCOTT MRS. C. F. HAMFF CLAUDE SHEWMAKE GEORGE W. HARRISON, JR. JOHN A. SIBLEY J. J. HAVERTY JACK J. SPALDING FRANK HEMPSTEAD MRS. ELI A. THOMAS BENJAMIN H. HILL H. F. WEST GEORGE B. HINMAN MISS BEVERLY WHEATCROFT CARL F. HUTCHESON CHARLES F. WHITNER J. HOUSTON JOHNSTON MRS. CHARLES F. WHITNER FRITZ R. JONES THOMAS C. WHITNER W. CARROLL LATIMER MRS. THOMAS C. WHITNER J. A. LECONTE MRS. BESSIE T. WINSIIIP CHARLES D. MARTIN