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Laura Riding, William Empson and the Critics – a Survey of Mis-History View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Nottingham Trent Institutional Repository (IRep) Journal: English Article DOI: efv017 Article title: CONTEMPORARY MISOGYNY: LAURA RIDING, WILLIAM EMPSON AND THE CRITICS – A SURVEY OF MIS-HISTORY First Author: Mark Jacobs Corr. Author: Mark Jacobs INSTRUCTIONS 1. Author groups: Please check that all names have been spelled correctly and appear in the correct order. Please also check that all initials are present. Please check that the author surnames (family name) have been correctly identified by a pink background. If this is incorrect, please identify the full surname of the relevant authors. Occasionally, the distinction between surnames and forenames can be ambiguous, and this is to ensure that the authors’ full surnames and forenames are tagged correctly, for accurate indexing online. 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If no change is needed please add a note saying “No change.” Query No. Nature of Query Q1 There seems to be a mismatch between the metadata/email and the manuscript for Article Title. We have followed the one given in the manuscript. Please check. Q2 Please check that all names have been spelled correctly and appear in the correct order. Please also check that all initials are present. Please check that the author surnames (family name) have been correctly ident- ified by a pink background. If this is incorrect, please identify the full surname of the relevant authors. Occasionally, the distinction between surnames and forenames can be ambiguous, and this is to ensure that the authors’ full surnames and forenames are tagged correctly, for accurate indexing online. Please also check all author affiliations. Q3 Please provide the missing quote in ‘Laura Riding and Robert Graves’ as...’ Q4 Graves’ss has been changed to Graves’ throughout the article. Please check. Q5 Please check the clarity of the sentence ‘Although the principle of the Sonnet explication...’ SQ1 This is complicated and compressed. It would need another essay to explicate that ‘influence’ on his post- 1940 work in his criticism, novels, White Goddess, etc. but I think I ought to point to it here. SQ2 This suggests that Riding is a ‘phase’ in Graves’ss life. Can you phrase this differently? MAKING CORRECTIONS TO YOUR PROOF These instructions show you how to mark changes or add notes to the document using the Adobe Acrobat Professional version 7(or onwards) or Adobe Reader XI (PDF enabled for marking corrections). To check what version you are using go to Help then About. If you do not have Adobe Reader XI, please visit the following link to download it for free: http://get.adobe.com/reader. Displaying the toolbars Acrobat Professional X, XI and Reader XI Select Comment, Annotations and Drawing Markups. If this option is not available, please let me know so that I can enable it for you. Acrobat Professional 7, 8 and 9 Select Tools, Commenting, Show Commenting Toolbar. Using Text Edits Pop up Notes This is the quickest, simplest and easiest With Text Edits and other markup, it is possible to add method both to make corrections, and for your notes. In some cases (e.g. inserting or replacing text), a corrections to be transferred and checked. pop-up note is displayed automatically. To display the pop-up note for other markup, right click on the annotation on the document and selecting Open Pop-Up Note. To move a note, click and drag on the title area. To resize of the note, click and drag on the 1. Click Text Edits bottom right corner. 2. Select the text to be annotated or place your cursor at the insertion point. To close the note, click on the cross in the top 3. Click the Text Edits drop down arrow and select the right hand corner. required action. You can also right click on selected text for a range To delete an edit, right click on it and select Delete. The of commenting options. edit and associated note will be removed. SAVING COMMENTS In order to save your comments and notes, you need to save the file (File, Save) when you close the document. A full list of the comments and edits you have made can be viewed by clicking on the Comments tab in the bottom-left- hand corner of the PDF. English, 2015,pp.1–20 doi:10.1093/english/efv017 CONTEMPORARY MISOGYNY: 5 LAURA RIDING, WILLIAM EMPSON AND THE CRITICS – A SURVEY OF MIS-HISTORY Q1 10 Mark Jacobs* Q2 Abstract This essay examines three books: A Survey of Modernist Poetry,byLauraRiding 15 and Robert Graves, Seven Types of Ambiguity by William Empson, and William Empson: Among the Mandarins by John Haffenden. It shows how and why Laura Riding was the original author of the interpretation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 129 in A Survey of Modernist Poetry, which provided the idea of Empson’s understanding of ‘ambiguity’ which in turn was highly significant to 20 the subsequent development of ‘New Criticism’. It examines the history of A Survey of Modernist Poetry since its first publication in 1927, its treatment by critics and reviewers, and its mistakenly being described as a book by Robert Graves up to the present day as epitomized in John Haffenden’s biography. It also indicates that modernist or post-modernist literary criticism from 1927 onwards would have been significantly different had numerous critics, 25 Empson among them, but other poets and authors, too, given more attention to the work of Laura Riding than to Robert Graves. 30 Two books, A Survey of Modernist Poetry (1927) by Laura Riding and Robert Graves, and William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930), which Empson acknowledges was inspired by Riding and Graves’ examination of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 129 (‘Th’ expence of Spirit in a waste of shame’) in A Survey, had a pro- 35 found and lasting effect on the critical study of poetry long after their first ap- pearance.1 For example, the Sonnet examination in A Survey of Modernist Poetry – a book justly famous in its own right – has become increasingly accepted by critics as the starting place, partly via Empson’s use of it, of much of what came 40 * Correspondence to Mark Jacobs, Nottingham Trent University 1 Laura Riding and Robert Graves (1927) A Survey of Modernist Poetry (London: Cape); William Empson (1930, 1947) Seven Types Of Ambiguity (London: Chatto and Windus). # Crown copyright 2015. 2 of 20 MARK JACOBS to be known as the ‘New Criticism’, a dominant though somewhat diverse theme of criticism for the next several decades and beyond in the practise of 45 close reading of poetry texts, as exemplified by John Crowe Ransom, Allen Tate, Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren among others, and which still continues today in one form or another. A Survey of Modernist Poetry is even now frequently read as a primer for early twentieth-century poetics, its first appearance in 1927 opening up modernist 50 poetry to a wider public than just the academic one, as Charles Mundye and Patrick McGuiness point out in their introduction to the new edition of A Survey and A Pamphlet Against Anthologies: In the 1920s both Riding and Graves were committed wholeheartedly to the 55 cause of poetry, and these books eschew the analytical focus of ‘objective’ criti- cism. Partial, subjective and polemical, these are deeply serious works: not criti- cism or literary history in the conventional sense, but rather written with the passion and force of poetic manifestos.2 60 But the history of A Survey, since its original appearance, has been confusing, if not misleading, because the first-named author on the title page, Laura Riding, was and continues to be ignored by any number of critic-reviewers, who either cite the book as by Robert Graves alone, omitting Laura Riding entirely, or reverse the order of the two names, assuming Robert Graves to be the real 65 author, a misconception which seriously impedes any understanding of both the manifesto and the critical nature of the book.3 Critics and reviewers who reverse the proper order of names in this manner justify the habit by pointing out this is merely accepted tradition, frequently with the rider that it is, anyway, understood that Graves was the real author of the book, Riding the mere 70 amanuensis. Nothing could be further from the truth, and the continued rever- sal of names increases the confusion. 2 Laura Riding and Robert Graves, A Survey of Modernist Poetry and A Pamphlet Against Anthologies, ed. by Charles Mundye and Patrick McGuiness (Manchester: Carcanet Press, 75 2002), p. vii. All subsequent quotations in this essay are taken from the 1927 first edition (London: Cape, 1927). 3 Graves himself contributed to the obfuscation of the book’s authorship, first by editing long pas- sages from it and including them in his The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922– 1949 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949) as his work, and then by permitting F.H.
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