ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies 2010 Annual Report ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies 2010 Annual Report

CCONTENTONTENTS S

Vision 2 Director’s Report 4 Research Programs 16

Aims 2 Governance 6 Researcher Profile: Professor Overview 3 Management Structure 8 Madeleine van Oppen 31

Membership 9 The Future of Marine Governance 32 Research Program Leaders 12 Graduate Training 34 Business Leaders 15

Cover Photo © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com Symposium 2010 45 Media and Public Performance Measures 67 Outreach 50 National and International Financial Statement 70 Linkages 46 Confronting global threats to marine mega-fauna in International Coral Reef Acknowledgements 72 Northern Australia 52 Symposium 2012 49 National Benefit Contacts Back Cover Case Study 1: Adaptive Management of the Great Barrier Reef 54 National Benefit Case Study 2: Climate Change 56 Publications 58 Publications List 59 Recognition of Excellence by Centre Members 66 Vision Providing global leadership in the provision of scientific knowledge necessary for sustaining the ecosystem goods and services of the world’s coral reefs.

Aims The aims of the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies are:

1. Research The Centre’s research is world-best, innovative, and highly relevant to coral reef management, adaptive governance and policy development.

2. Research Training and Professional Education The Centre attracts and trains outstanding coral reef scientists at all stages of career, to build human capacity and expertise in coral reef science world-wide.

3. End-user and Community Linkages Transfer and exchange of knowledge, technologies and research outcomes by the Centre promotes co-operation and improves the management of coral reefs.

4. National and International Linkages The Centre, through its networks and activities nationally and internationally, creates a global hub for coral reef science collaborations.

5. Management and Governance Centre management is collaborative, co-operative, multi-institutional, communicative and continuously improving.

6. Commercial Activities Commercial activities and research contracts undertaken by the ARC Centre extend knowledge transfer, nationally and globally.

2 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Photo © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com

Overview The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies was established in July 2005 under the ARC Centres of Excellence Program. Headquartered at James Cook University, the ARC Centre partnership includes the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), the Australian National University (ANU), the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), the University of Queensland (UQ), and the University of Western Australia (UWA). In 2010, the Centre has collaborative links to 391 institutions in 75 countries.

Major research themes include adaptation to climate change, understanding and managing biodiversity, marine reserves, fisheries biology, genomics, conservation planning, social studies and governance and policy – in short, the basic and applied science that underpins the sustainable delivery of goods and services from the world’s coral reefs.

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 3 Director’s Report

Welcome to the ARC Centre’s 2010 Annual Case Study), and a Special Issue of the Report, our 5th full year of operation. This Philosophical Transactions of the Royal year the Centre has continued to mature Society (B), entitled Biological diversity in a and expand with the appointment of 13 changing world. new fellows, increases in publications, Membership of the Centre has been citations, and graduate training and more further enhanced by the award of ten engagement with government agencies, prestigious ARC Fellowships during Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) 2010. These comprise 5 Super Science and the media. The Centre’s research Fellowships and an Australian Research program summaries on pp.16–30 Fellowship (ARF, Joshua Cinner) at James provide many examples of our activities Cook University, and two additional throughout 2010. Super Science Fellowships at both the The Centre’s fieldwork in 2010 was University of Queensland and University undertaken in 25 tropical countries, of Western Australia. The Centre’s newest with a major focus on Australia, Fiji, node at UWA is expanding under the French Polynesia, Kenya, the Philippines, leadership of Deputy Director Malcolm Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the McCulloch, while Chris Fulton at the Solomon Islands. Programs 3, 5, 6 and 7 Australian National University is also were particularly active in the Coral Triangle recruiting new personnel. At the end of region to the north of Australia, focusing 2010, the Centre’s membership stands on the ecology and design of marine parks, at 19 Chief Investigators, 42 full-time social science, and coral reef management Research Fellows and 192 graduate and and governance. honours students (from 42 countries, see pp.34–43). The Centre’s publication output continues to grow, with a record 229 publications in We provided more than 100 briefings, 2010. Our co-authors this year come from workshops and consultancies during 391 institutions in 75 countries, reflecting the year to governments, management our extensive network and activities around agencies, NGOs and business the world. Among this year’s publications organisations. Examples include Australian is a Feature Section in Proceedings of the Commonwealth Departments, the National Academy of Sciences, on Marine Association of Marine Park Tourism Reserves (see p.54, National Benefit Operators (Queensland), Deutsche

4 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Forschungsgemeinschaft, grow rapidly during 2010 - well over the 12th International Coral Reef Fisheries Research & Development 2000 stories featuring the Centre’s Symposium (ICRS) in Cairns. These Corporation, the Great Barrier Reef research activities were published 4-yearly meetings are the world’s Marine Park Authority, International or broadcast around the world in the largest and premier forum for the Union for Conservation of Nature past year (p.50). dissemination and discussion of coral (IUCN), National Oceanic and reef science and management (see Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), We were particularly delighted to see p.49). This year we received 129 Solomon Island ministries, and The Malcolm McCulloch FRS add a few proposals for symposium sessions, Nature Conservancy. more letters after his name in 2010 promising a varied and exciting when he was elected Fellow of the program of more than 1500 talks Outreach activities during 2010 Royal Society. Not to be outdone, and posters. included our annual symposium Bob Pressey was elected as the entitled Coral Reefs in a Changing Centre’s third Fellow of the Australian Lastly, I’d like to express my gratitude Environment. It was held at the Academy of Science. to our many other friends around Australian Academy of Science the world for their contributions The membership of our Advisory in Canberra, where we helped to a fifth outstanding year, and to Board was expanded during the to celebrate the Royal Society’s the Centre’s Advisory Board, and year with the appointment of Mandy 350th anniversary and their early our partners from the Australian Thomas (Pro Vice-Chancellor for contribution to coral reef expeditions Institute of Marine Science, The Research and Graduate Studies at the to Australia (see p.45). Web Nature Conservancy, The WorldFish Australian National University), John recordings of 35 talks, including a Center and the Great Barrier Reef Tanzer (Environmental Consultant), very successful public forum, are Marine Park Authority. I am especially and Neil Andrews (Director, Natural posted at www.coralcoe.org.au/ grateful to the Centre’s talented Resources Management, The events/symposium2010/program.html. administrative team – Jenny Lappin, WorldFish Center, Penang). A new Our next coral reef symposium in David Yellowlees, Olga Bazaka, Rose- Chair was also appointed, Brian October 2011 will be held in Marie Vasiljuk, Monica Gaffney, Janet Walker (CSIRO and Director of the Western Australia. Swanson and Eliza Glasson – for their Resilience Alliance). stoic enthusiasm. The Centre’s website received Looking forward to 2012, the ARC

5.7 million hits and 294,462 visits Centre will host in Australia more in 2010, with 96% coming from than 2000 conference delegates outside Australia. The Centre’s from the global coral reef research Terry Hughes media coverage has continued to community, when we convene Director

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 5 Governance

James Cook University is the the Centre and end-users to facilitate The new Advisory Board’s administering organisation of the uptake of research outcomes and membership comprises: ARC Centre with the Centre Director, exchange of ideas. The Centre Terry Hughes reporting directly Director and Chief Operations Dr Brian Walker (Chair), CSIRO to Professor Chris Cocklin, the Officer provide the operational and Sustainable Ecosystems Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research management link between the Dr Neil Andrew and Innovation). The Centre’s Advisory Board and the Centre. Chief Investigators are located in Director, Natural Resources three faculties at JCU, and at the In 2010, the ARC Centre of Management Australian National University, the Excellence welcomed a new The WorldFish Center, Penang University of Queensland and the Advisory Board which was appointed Professor Terry Hughes University of Western Australia. following the recommendations ARC Centre Director Partner Investigators are based at of the review undertaken by an and Federation Fellow the Australian Institute of Marine independent ARC Panel in 2009. The new Chair of the Board is Dr Brian Science, the Great Barrier Reef Dr Ian Poiner Walker, an internationally acclaimed Marine Park Authority, and in Chief Executive Officer scientist working on sustainability overseas institutions. Day-to-day Australian Institute of Marine Science operations are managed by the Chief and resilience in social-ecological Operations Officer, Jenny Lappin, systems. Brian brings a wealth of Andrew Skeat in consultation with the Centre science leadership experience at General Manager Director and Assistant Director, both a national and international level Great Barrier Reef Marine Park David Yellowlees. The Centre including 15 years as Chief of the Authority Director oversees the Centre’s former CSIRO Division of Wildlife research programs together with and Ecology (now CSIRO John Tanzer the two deputy directors, Ove Sustainable Ecosystems). Principal Hoegh-Guldberg (UQ) and Malcolm Environmental Pathways and McCulloch (UWA). Representation on the Advisory Solutions Board has evolved to match the The Centre’s governance structures Centre’s strong global research Professor Mandy Thomas are designed to involve stakeholders activities, international linkages and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research and in planning and management multi-disciplinary research activities. Graduate Studies) processes. The chart (see p.8) We are privileged to have access Australian National University illustrates the current governance to the expertise and experience of structure and relationships. these leaders and extend our thanks to them for their advice. The new Board met twice in 2010: on 29th Scientific Management March in Townsville and 6th October Committee Centre Advisory Board in Canberra. In conjunction with Ongoing operational management The ARC Centre’s Advisory Board the change to the Advisory Board of the Centre and planning for provides vision and strategic advice membership, the terms of reference its scientific research program is to the Centre Director. It facilitates for the Board have been revised the responsibility of the Scientific strengthened linkages between the to take account of the Centre’s Management Committee (SMC). The Centre, industry and government to international profile and to reflect SMC is chaired by an eminent Israeli advocate and promote the Centre and the Centre’s focus on sustainable researcher, Professor Yossi Loya. seeks to improve linkages between management of coral reefs. Other members are the leaders of

6 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES each of the Centre’s eight Research fellows recruited into the Centre in Professor Sean Connolly Programs, and the Chief Scientist 2010 was also a priority. Planning Leader, Research Program 2 and Director of Science Co-ordination for the International Coral Reef James Cook University at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Symposium (ICRS) in 2012 (see Park Authority, the Centre’s principal p.49), updating the Centre’s website Professor Garry Russ end-user in Australia. Priorities for and longer term positioning of the Leader, Research Program 3 each meeting include reviewing Centre for its business continuity James Cook University and expanding the objectives were also a focus of discussions. and operations for the Centre’s Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg research programs, developing Scientific Management Committee Leader, Research Program 4 international collaborations and Members are: University of Queensland engagements, recruiting high-quality Professor Terry Hughes postdoctoral fellows, and effectively Professor Yossi Loya (Chair) Leader, Research Program 5 communicating the Centre’s Professor of Marine Biology James Cook University research. The Committee met The Raynor Chair for Environmental Conservation Research formally twice in 2010: on 2nd Professor Bob Pressey March in Townsville and 5th October Tel Aviv University Israel Leader, Research Program 6 in Canberra. James Cook University Dr David Wachenfeld In 2010, the Scientific Management Dr Simon Foale Committee focused on further Chief Scientist Director, Science Co--ordination Leader, Research Program 7 development of two new James Cook University research programs, Program 7: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Policy development, institutions Professor David Miller and governance of coral reefs Professor Malcolm McCulloch Leader, Research Program 8 and Program 8: Genomics and Leader, Research Program 1 James Cook University metagenomics of coral reefs, both University of Western Australia established in 2009. Mentoring and coaching the thirteen new research

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 7 Management Structure

Centre Advisory Board

Scientific Management Centre Director Business Team Committee Professor Terry Hughes Assistant Director David Yellowlees Chief Operations Officer Jennifer Lappin Finance Manager & Student Coordinator Olga Bazaka Office Manager & KPI Coordinator Rose-Marie Vasiljuk Administrative Officer Janet Swanson Conference Coordinator Eliza Glasson

Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Program 4

Evolutionary Understanding Marine Genetic, and and Managing Reserves and Molecular and Environmental Coral Reef Connectivity Physiological Change Biodiversity Garry Russ Processes Malcolm McCulloch Sean Connolly Ove Hoegh- Guldberg

Program 5 Program 6 Program 7 Program 8

Resilience of Conservation Policy Genomics and Linked Social- Planning for a Development, Metagenomics Ecological Sustainable Institutions and of Coral Reefs Systems Future Governance of David Miller Coral Reefs Terry Hughes Bob Pressey Simon Foale

8 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Membership

Researchers Professor David Bellwood Professor Carl Folke Chief Investigator Partner Investigator In 2010, the Centre’s membership James Cook University Stockholm University comprised 49 Chief Investigators and research fellows, 8 Partner Dr Joshua Cinner Dr Sylvain Forêt Investigators, 11 resident ARC Australian Postdoctoral Fellow Research Fellow international scholars and 12 adjunct James Cook University James Cook University and Australian Institute of Marine Science researchers. Thirteen of the Centre’s Professor Sean Connolly research fellows are funded by ARC ARC Australian Professorial Fellow Dr Ashley Frisch schemes (Federation, Laureate, and Program 2 Leader Super Science Fellow Linkage, Future and Super Science), James Cook University James Cook University three are Queensland Smart Futures Fellows, one is Queensland Premier’s Dr Debora de Freitas Dr Mariana Fuentes Fellow and one is a Western Research Associate Super Science Fellow Australian Premier’s Fellow. James Cook University James Cook University Dr Guillermo Diaz-Pulido Dr Christopher Fulton Research Fellow Chief Investigator Chief Investigators, University of Queensland Australian National University Research Fellows and Dr Delphine Dissard Dr Nick Graham Partner Investigators Research Fellow ARC Australian Postdoctoral University of Western Australia Fellow and Queensland Smart Professor Terry Hughes Futures Fellow Centre Director and ARC Federation Associate Professor Sophie Dove James Cook University Fellow, Program 5 Leader Chief Investigator James Cook University University of Queensland Dr Lauretta Grasso Research Associate Dr Tracy Ainsworth Dr Simon Dunn James Cook University ARC Australian Postdoctoral Fellow Research Fellow James Cook University University of Queensland Dr Alana Grech Research Fellow Dr Glenn Almany Dr Louisa Evans James Cook University ARC Future Fellow Research Fellow James Cook University James Cook University Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Deputy Director Dr Kenneth Anthony Dr Michael Fabinyi Queensland Smart State Premier’s Chief Investigator Research Fellow Fellow and Program 4 Leader University of Queensland James Cook University University of Queensland Dr Andrew Baird Dr James Falter Professor Geoffrey Jones ARC Future Fellow Research Fellow Chief Investigator James Cook University University of Western Australia James Cook University Dr Natalie Ban Dr Pedro Fidelman Dr Paulina Kaniewska ARC Australian Postdoctoral Fellow Research Fellow Research Fellow James Cook University James Cook University University of Queensland Dr Line Bay Dr Simon Foale Professor Ronald Karlson Queensland Smart State Fellow Research Fellow and Partner Investigator James Cook University Program 7 Leader University of Delaware James Cook University

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 9 Professor Michael Kingsford Professor Philip Munday Resident International Chief Investigator ARC Queen Elizabeth II Fellow Scholars James Cook University James Cook University Professor Chaolun Allen Chen Dr Johnathan Kool Professor John Pandolfi Research Centre Research Fellow Chief Investigator Academia Sinica James Cook University and University of Queensland Taiwan Australian Institute of Marine Science Dr Serge Planes Dr Muriel de Boer Dr Bill Leggat Partner Investigator University of Amsterdam Chief Investigator University of Perpignan Netherlands James Cook University Dr Morgan Pratchett Dr Tatjana Good Professor Janice Lough ARC Australian Research Fellow Swiss National Foundation Partner Investigator James Cook University Switzerland Australian Institute of Marine Science Professor Bob Pressey Dr Joana Figueiredo Dr Vimoksalehi Lukoschek Research Fellow Foundation for Science and Queensland Smart Futures Fellow and Program 6 Leader Technology Fellow Portugal James Cook University James Cook University Professor Hui Huang Dr Jennie Mallella Professor Garry Russ Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Fellow Chief Investigator China Australian National University and Program 3 Leader James Cook University Dr Cristina Linares Dr Laurence McCook University of Barcelona Dr Susanne Sprungala Partner Investigator Spain Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Research Associate Authority James Cook University Professor David Mouillot Marie Curie Fellow Dr Mark McCormick Professor Robert Steneck Montpellier University Chief Investigator Partner Investigator France James Cook University University of Maine Dr Aurélie Moya Professor Malcolm McCulloch Dr Linda Tonk Marie Curie Fellow Deputy Director Research Fellow University of Nice Western Australian Premier’s Fellow University of Queensland France and Program 1 Leader Professor Madeleine van Oppen Dr Lucie Penin University of Western Australia Partner Investigator Marie Curie Fellow Dr Mark Meekan Australian Institute of Marine Science University of Perpignan Partner Investigator France Dr David Williamson Australian Institute of Marine Science Research Fellow Dr Mathieu Pernice Professor David Miller James Cook University Marie Curie Fellow Chief Investigator University of Pierre and Marie Curie Professor Bette Willis and Program 8 Leader France Chief Investigator James Cook University James Cook University Professor Robert Warner Professor Peter Mumby University of California Professor David Yellowlees Santa Barbara Australian Laureate Fellow Chief Investigator USA University of Queensland James Cook University

10 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Adjunct Researchers Research Support Staff Business Team Professor Serge Andréfouet Lewis Anderson Jennifer Lappin Institut de Recherche pour le James Cook University Chief Operations Officer Développement James Cook University Maya Carmi New Caledonia University of Queensland David Yellowlees Professor Eldon Ball Assistant Director Aaron Chai Australian National University James Cook University University of Queensland Dr Leanne Fernandes Olga Bazaka Mizue Hisano Earth to Ocean Consulting Finance Manager and James Cook University Graduate Coordinator Dr Alison Green James Kar-Hei Fang James Cook University The Nature Conservancy University of Queensland Monica Gaffney Dr Alexander Kerr Kirsty Nash Office Manager and KPI Officer University of Guam James Cook University James Cook University USA (Jan-June 2010) Alex Piekutowski Professor Janice Lough University of Western Australia Eliza Glasson Australian Institute of Marine Science ICRS Conference Coordinator Dr Nela Rosic Professor Yossi Loya James Cook University University of Queensland Tel Aviv University Janet Swanson Israel Dr Francois Seneca Administrative Assistant James Cook University Dr Tim Lynam James Cook University CSIRO Dr Maya Srinivasan Rose-Marie Vasiljuk James Cook University Dr Laurence McCook Office Manager and KPI Officer Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Jenn Tanner James Cook University (Aug 2010 – ) Authority James Cook University Georgia Wachmer Professor Madeleine van Oppen Dr Sue-Ann Watson Administrative Officer Australian Institute of Marine Science James Cook University University of Western Australia Professor John Tanzer Matthew Young Environmental Pathways and James Cook University Solutions Dr David Wachenfeld Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

Graduate Students (see page 36)

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 11 Research Program Leaders

Professor Malcolm McCulloch Professor Malcolm McCulloch is one of the Centre’s two Deputy Directors and Leader of Program 1: Evolutionary and Environmental Change. He is a Professor in the School of Earth and Environment at the University of Western Australia, Perth, and a Western Australian Premier’s Fellow (2009-2013). In 2010, Malcolm was elected as Fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his work in developing innovative new indicators of climate change preserved in coral skeletons. Malcolm’s research interests focus on the recent geologic record using isotopic and trace element geochemical methods to determine how climate and anthropogenic processes have influenced both past and present marine environments, with particular emphasis on coral reefs. Malcolm has received a number of prestigious awards, including Fellowships of the Australian Academy of Science (2004), the Geological Society of Australia (2007), the Geochemical Society (2008) and the American Geophysical Union (2002) and the Jaeger Medal in Earth Sciences by the Australian Academy of Science (2009). Malcolm holds an Honorary Doctorate from Curtin University, and he is an ISI Highly Cited Researcher. His 249 scientific papers have been published in leading international journals including 23 articles in Science or Nature.

Professor Sean Connolly ARC Professorial Fellow Sean Connolly, from James Cook University, is Leader of Program 2, Understanding and Managing Coral Reef Biodiversity. Sean combines mathematical and statistical modelling with fieldwork and laboratory experiments to study the dynamics of biological turnover at all scales, including population dynamics, species interactions and biodiversity, and macroevolution. He received his doctorate in 1999 from Stanford University in California, USA, for research on the ecology of rocky shores. In 1999-2000, he was a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Arizona, USA, where he examined global dynamics of marine biodiversity in the fossil record. In 2000, he was recruited to JCU to develop and lead a research program in ecological modelling applied to coral reefs. Sean has 43 publications in leading international journals, including 5 in Science or Nature, and he has supervised 25 Postgraduate and Honours students since 2001. He currently holds an Australian Professorial Fellowship from the Australian Research Council, and was most recently honoured by the award of the 2009 Fenner Medal of the Australian Academy of Science, for pioneering new approaches to understanding biodiversity.

Professor Garry Russ Professor Garry Russ, from the School of Marine and Tropical Biology at James Cook University, is Leader of Program 3: Marine Reserves and Reef Connectivity. Garry studies the biology of reef fish of commercial and recreational fishing significance (mostly serranids, lutjanids and lethrinids). A major area of his applied research involves population and community dynamics of reef fish of commercial significance. In the Coral Triangle region and Australia, he is undertaking long-term (25 year) studies of reef fish populations inside and outside marine reserves. Gary received his PhD from the University of Melbourne in 1981. Subsequently he was awarded an ARC Queen’s Fellowship at the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Garry moved to JCU from the University of Sydney in 1988 where he is currently a Professor in Marine Biology. Garry has published over 75 papers in international journals. In 1999, he received a prestigious Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation jointly with his long-time colleague Dr Angel Alcala. In 2007, he was awarded recognition for his contributions to management of the Great Barrier Reef, by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

12 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg is one of two Deputy Directors of the ARC Centre and Leader of Program 4: Genetic, molecular and physiological processes. He is also the Director of the new Global Change Institute at The University of Queensland. His research interests span a broad range of topics including marine biology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of plant-animal symbioses, co-evolution, coral bleaching, ocean acidification and climate change. In 1999, he was awarded the University of NSW Eureka Prize for Scientific Research, for research by an Australian scientist under 40. Ove has published over 185 papers, including 16 in Science or Nature. He is currently Coordinating Lead Author for the ‘Oceans’ chapter within the IPCC 5th assessment report. He is well known as an advocate for coral reefs and their future fate in the face of rapid climate change, and maintains an active blog, which regularly features the ARC Centre’s research. In 2008, Ove was awarded the prestigious Queensland Premier’s Smart State Fellowship (2008-2013).

Professor Terry Hughes Professor Terry Hughes is the Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence and Leader of Program 5: Resilience of linked social-ecological systems. He received his PhD in 1984 from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA and was an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California, Santa Barbara before moving to Australia and James Cook University in 1990. Terry was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2001 in recognition of “a career which has significantly advanced the world’s store of scientific knowledge”. He has been awarded two Federation Fellowships by the Australian Research Council, from 2002-2012, and is a Fellow of the Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, in Stockholm. In 2007 he was awarded the Sherman Eureka Prize for Environmental Research. In 2010, he was a member of the ARC Advisory Council and Board Member of the Resilience Alliance and the Beijer Institute. Terry has broad research interests in ecology, marine biology and the social-ecological dynamics of coral reefs. As Centre Director, he provides academic leadership and is responsible for the strategic development of the Centre. He is an ISI Highly Cited Researcher with 24 papers in Science or Nature and ranked first in Australia for citations in Ecology & Evolution. In 2008, he was awarded the prestigious quadrennial Darwin Medal by the International Society for Reef Studies.

Professor Bob Pressey Professor Bob Pressey is the Leader of Program 6: Conservation planning for a sustainable future. Bob’s research includes studies of biodiversity, geographic information systems, spatial modelling of species and human activities, software development, explicit frameworks for deciding on the location and timing of conservation investments, and the socio-economic issues involved in implementing conservation action. Prior to moving to JCU he was a research scientist for the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service for almost 20 years. During that time, Bob developed and applied leading-edge techniques in conservation planning, influencing policy and conservation practice. He is an ISI Highly Cited Researcher and serves on the editorial boards of leading conservation biology journals. Bob was awarded The Royal Botanic Gardens’ Eureka Prize for Biodiversity Research in 2002, and the inaugural (2008) Australian Ecology Research Award from the Ecological Society of Australia. In 2009, he was awarded the title of James Cook University Distinguished Professor. His most recent recognition is his election in 2010 as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, for his contributions to the field of systematic conservation planning.

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 13 Dr Simon Foale Senior Research Fellow Simon Foale leads the ARC Centre’s Program 7: Policy development, institutions and governance of coral reefs. He joined the Centre in late 2006, after a postdoctoral fellowship at the Australian National University’s Resource Management in Asia Pacific Program. Simon is a marine biologist who, since his PhD was awarded in 1998 at the University of Melbourne, has been increasingly engaging with the social sciences to address pressing fishery management issues in the Pacific, particularly in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. Simon has very broad applied experience in the Pacific, having worked for non-government conservation organisations, mining companies, regional agencies, governments and aid agencies. He publishes in a wide range of journals spanning the natural and social sciences. Simon’s current research examines political, social and economic aspects of fishery use and management in Melanesia, with a particular emphasis on developing locally relevant and culturally appropriate educational resources for improving coral reef fishery management.

Professor David Miller Professor David Miller is Leader of Program 8: Genomics and metagenomics of coral reefs. David studies the molecular biology of corals and other “simple” marine animals. His research interests span a broad range of topics from marine biology to genomics, and include the biochemistry and molecular biology of coral symbioses, the evolution of developmental mechanisms (“evo-devo”), immune system evolution, and the molecular bases of coral responses to stressors such as disease, ocean acidification and climate change. David obtained his PhD in genetics and biochemistry from the University of Kent (UK). He subsequently undertook post-doctoral research at the University of Bristol (UK) and then the University of Adelaide. David moved to James Cook University from Adelaide in 1984 and is currently a Professor in molecular genetics and genomics. David’s main claim to fame is the discovery that “simple” animals such as corals have genomes as complex as those of man and other vertebrates, and in highlighting the role of gene loss in shaping animal genomes. He plays a leading role in a number of genome projects on various lower animals, including the first coral genome project and the first all-Australian whole genome project, and is a regular commentator on animal genome evolution for a number of high profile journals.

14 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES BUSINESS Leaders

Jennifer Lappin Jennifer Lappin is the Chief Operations Officer of the ARC Centre of Excellence. Jennifer has a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of Queensland and is a Certified Practicing Accountant. She has over 20 years of senior management experience with responsibilities for strategic planning, finance management, human resources, communications, business process engineering, change management and policy development. Starting work as an accountant in Townsville she progressed her career in Sydney, Melbourne and London before returning to Australia. She started as an academic in the Department of Commerce at James Cook University in 1988, moving to general financial management positions soon after. Following various leadership positions in finance, research, foreign aid projects and as an executive officer at JCU, she moved in October 2005 to the Centre of Excellence to oversee, with the Centre Director, its establishment and development.

Professor David Yellowlees Professor David Yellowlees is the Assistant Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence and a Chief Investigator in Programs 4 and 8. Trained in Scotland as a biochemist, he has undertaken extensive research on the symbiosis between coral reef organisms, particularly in corals and tridacnid clams, since the mid 1980s. His major interests have centred on the metabolic relationship between the symbiotic partners. His research on the acquisition of inorganic carbon, its photosynthetic fixation and the transfer of this to the animal host forms the basis of much of our understanding of these organisms at the metabolic level. David has published over 80 papers in international journals. He has had a long career at James Cook University commencing in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in 1971. After resigning as Head of the School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences at the beginning of 2007, he joined the staff of the Centre in a part time capacity as its Assistant Director. He now applies many of these skills learned as Head of School to assisting with the running of the Centre.

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 15 Research PROGRAM 1

Evolutionary and Environmental Change

Researchers was due to warming from changes using the boron isotopic proxy for ƒƒ Malcolm McCulloch in the Earth’s orbital parameters and seawater pH, a method pioneered by McCulloch. Other approaches, Program Leader has been extensively documented by Malcolm McCulloch and John including boron isotopic systematics, ƒƒ Sean Connolly Research Fellow Pandolfi. The Last Interglacial will also be used to study the effects ƒƒ Delphine Dissard Research Fellow warming occurred with atmospheric of ocean acidification. The data will levels of CO remaining at < 300 be used to determine how specific ƒƒ James Falter Research Fellow 2 ppm, similar to pre-industrial levels. processes such as global warming, ƒƒ Ove Hoegh-Guldberg McCulloch’s move to WA enables reduced levels of carbonate ions Research Fellow him and other members of Program 1 due to ocean acidification, and rising ƒƒ Terry Hughes Research Fellow to now focus on the effect of the sea levels, are influencing coral reef current climate change events on WA growth without the confounding ƒƒ Michael Kingsford coral reefs. influence of direct land-based ƒƒ Janice Lough (human) impacts. The research The Ningaloo Reef of WA has been ƒƒ Jennie Mallela Research Fellow will provide a long-term baseline selected as one of the Centre’s response for climate change and help ƒƒ John Pandolfi key study sites to investigate ensure the preservation of reefs in ƒƒ Robert Steneck these processes. It is Australia’s this region in the face of the massive largest fringing reef system, has expansion of marine infrastructure exceptionally high coral cover, The highlight of Program 1 in 2010 from the rapidly expanding natural and stretches for ~290 km along gas and mining industry. has been the establishment of a the desolate northwest coast. new node of the ARC Centre at The Jim Falter, Research Fellow, has Pandolfi and collaborators published University of Western Australia, shown that this relatively ‘pristine’ two landmark papers during 2010. providing opportunities to extend and reef system is characterised by Their Science paper provides new diversify the Centre’s activities to both high productivity and high evidence that the evolutionary action the coral reef systems of Australia’s carbonate saturation states, and on coral reefs is not in their ‘hot Indian Ocean margin. Uniquely, the appears to remain largely unaffected spots’ – but out on the fringes, where coral reefs of Western Australia by the confounding influence of corals struggle to survive. These (WA) occur over an extremely direct local (human) impacts from studies underscore the importance large latitudinal gradient of several land-based pollution. It is also in a of including evolutionary processes thousand kilometres, from the unique oceanographic position being in conservation prioritization. The tidally-dominated tropical reefs of the influenced by the southwards flowing second paper, in Ecology, is the Kimberley region to the temperate warm Leeuwin Current as well as world’s first study of what happened sub-tropical reefs of the Houtman- wind-driven inshore counter-currents. to coral reefs when ocean levels Abrolhos Islands and marginal reefs Program 1’s research is improving sank to their lowest recorded level offshore from Perth. The fringing our understanding of the interaction – over 120 metres below today’s reef systems along the mainly between local and oceanography levels (see opposite). The fossil desert coastline of WA are still record shows that reefs have been factors that enabled the Ningaloo relatively undisturbed from land- remarkably successful in surviving Reef to largely escape the 1997-98 La based sources of pollution. However, large environmental disturbances. Nina mass bleaching that devastated they are subject to the combined However, the combination of many of the world’s coral reefs. impacts of global warming and ocean environmental changes that we are acidification caused by rising levels of Another major study site is the seeing today, such as degraded water

atmospheric CO2. A simplistic view Houtman-Abrolhos Islands, where quality, depleted fish stocks, coral is that rising ocean temperatures Delphine Dissard together with Tim bleaching, ocean acidification and from global warming will allow coral Cooper and Janice Lough from AIMS loss of habitat are unprecedented in reefs to migrate southwards as collected a number of cores from the history of coral reefs. This study occurred during the Last Interglacial, long-lived Porites corals. This site clearly highlights the resilience of reef a period of ‘natural’ global warming should be especially sensitive to the ecosystems and informs management that occurred ~125,000 years ago. effects of ocean acidification and responses to the challenges that reefs This southwards migration of coral the collected cores will be examined are currently facing.

16 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 1 March 2010 Ancient corals hold new hope for reefs ossil corals, up to half a million years old, are “Although it is little asked, the question of where reef species providing fresh hope that coral reefs may be able go when faced with extreme environmental situations is to withstand the huge stresses imposed on them by highly relevant for understanding their prospects of survival Ftoday’s human activity. in the future – and what we need to do to give them the best chance,” Prof. Pandolfi suggests. If reefs could persist through the massive changes imposed by sharply falling sea levels during the last ice age, they may In the Huon region, the team found coral reefs survived the equally be able to endure human impacts causing equivalent hard times low of sea levels with as much richness of species stresses, an international scientific team has found. – but with a different composition to what they had during the good times. “As a rule the coral colonies during the In the world’s first study of what happened to coral reefs period of low sea levels were lower and slower-growing in when ocean levels sank to their lowest recorded level – over comparison with times of high sea levels.” 120 metres below today’s levels – a study carried out on eight fossil reefs in Papua New Guinea’s Huon Gulf region has In other words, Pandolfi says, today’s rising sea levels – concluded that a rich diversity of corals managed to survive, provided they do not rise too fast and ‘drown’ the reefs – offer although they were different in composition to the corals what would otherwise be ideal growing conditions for corals, under more benign conditions. were it not for all the other human impacts, such as polluted runoff and sediment from the land, overfishing, coral “Of course, sea levels then were falling – and today they are bleaching and ocean acidification. rising. But if we want to know how corals cope with hostile conditions, then we have to study what happens under “We somehow have to find ways of preventing or offsetting all circumstances,” explains Professor John Pandolfi of the each of these impacts if we expect our reefs to ride out ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and The the major climatic changes of the 21st century in as good University of Queensland. “We’ve seen what happens to condition as they have in the past.” corals in the past when sea levels rose and conditions were Prof. Pandolfi says the submerged fossil reefs in the Huon favourable to coral growth: we wanted to see what happened Gulf region provide greater confidence that coral reefs will when they fell and conditions were adverse.” not be wiped out worldwide by climate change – as some “When sea levels drop you get a catastrophic reduction in researchers fear – provided other impacts can be kept in check. coral habitat and a loss of connectivity between reefs. Well, those circumstances are in some respects similar to what Tager, D, Webster, JM, Potts, DC, Renema, W, Braga, JC and corals are experiencing today due to human impacts – so Pandolfi, JM (2010). Community dynamics of Pleistocene there are useful parallels.” coral reefs during alternative climatic regimes. Ecology 91(1): 191-200.

Photo Terry Hughes 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 17 Research PROGRAM 2

Understanding and Managing Coral Reef Biodiversity Researchers Program 2 research in 2010 provided Researchers in Program 2 also made ƒƒ Sean Connolly Program Leader several key breakthroughs in numerous important contributions understanding how biodiversity is in 2010 to coral reef policy issues ƒƒ Glenn Almany Research Fellow maintained on coral reefs, on how at State, Commonwealth, and ƒƒ Andrew Baird Research Fellow reefs are likely to respond to ongoing international levels. For example, ƒƒ David Bellwood human impacts, and importantly how Morgan Pratchett, Philip Munday, ƒƒ Joana Figueiredo management can mediate those and Nick Graham, along with several Visiting Research Fellow responses. international colleagues, were commissioned by the Secretariat ƒƒ Chris Fulton David Bellwood and colleagues, for the Pacific Community to assess ƒƒ Nick Graham Research Fellow examining the co-evolution of reef the effects of climate change ƒƒ Terry Hughes Research Fellow organisms, in a paper in Journal on fisheries and food security in ƒƒ Geoffrey Jones of Evolutionary Biology, identified Pacific island nations. Pandolfi and a 12 million-year dependency ƒƒ Ronald Karlson Munday participated in an ongoing of butterflyfishes on corals, series of IPCC workshops in ocean ƒƒ Laurence McCook underscoring their high vulnerability acidification, which will inform ƒƒ David Mouillot to climate change. Mathematical the production of the IPCC’s next Visiting Research Fellow modelling by Sean Connolly and Assessment Report. Pandolfi also ƒƒ Peter Mumby Research Fellow co-workers, published in the journal coordinated the Coffs Harbour Ecology Letters, identified a role for ƒƒ Philip Munday Research Fellow Subtropical Reefs Declaration, which complex patterns of dispersal to the called on Australian governments at ƒƒ John Pandolfi maintenance of reefs’ high biodiversity. all levels to manage marginal reefs in ƒƒ Lucie Penin This revealed that habitat loss and subtropical areas of Queensland and Visiting Research Fellow changes to ocean currents associated Western Australia, because these ƒƒ Morgan Pratchett with climate change may have areas may become critical refuge Research Fellow more profound consequences than areas as climate change proceeds. previously recognised. Peter Mumby, ƒƒ Robert Steneck working in the Caribbean with Alistair In 2010, members of Program 2 Coral reef biodiversity underpins Harborne, documented reductions in were once more the recipients of the critically important functions seaweed domination on reefs where numerous awards and honours. and services performed by reef large reef herbivores were protected For example, Mumby received a ecosystems, such as sustaining from fishing. In a paper in Frontiers in Fellowship in Marine Conservation the productivity of fish stocks on Ecology and the Environment, John from the Pew Foundation, and which many tropical nations depend Pandolfi and colleagues revealed the Marsh Award for Marine for their food security and future the historical role of Moreton Bay as Conservation from the Zoological development. Program 2 aims to a refuge for coral reefs in the past, Society of London. Graham understand the mechanisms and highlighting the critical importance of was made a Fellow of the UK’s processes that maintain coral reef managing local impacts in the Bay to prestigious Linnean Society. In biodiversity, using a combination restore its potential to provide a buffer addition, David Mouillot joined the of mathematical modelling and against climate change. A paper led Centre as a visiting research fellow, field studies. This multi-disciplinary by Mumby and published in Ecology supported by a European Union approach informs knowledge- Letters identified novel ways of Marie Curie Fellowship, and Joana based management of biodiversity designing networks of marine reserves Figueiredo joined the Centre as a resulting in environmental, social, to hedge against the effects of climate visiting researcher, supported by the and economic benefits to tropical change, and found that some reefs Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência maritime nations. can be prioritised for protection based e a Tecnologia. on their ubiquitously important role across a broad range of scenarios.

18 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 3 February 2010 New theory could help save biodiversity

ustralian scientists have announced a major new “We’re basically proposing a novel mechanism by which finding that helps explain how natural systems like biodiversity can be maintained, which helps to explain how some coral reefs and forests maintain the richness of their of our most marvellous natural systems retain their richness.” Amix of species. “For example, for every reef that receives plenty of offspring Their findings have important implications for understanding from dominant coral types floating in on the current, there will how humans can better protect biodiversity during one of the be other reefs that receive fewer offspring from those corals – worst episodes of species extinction in the Earth’s history. giving the less competitive species an opportunity to thrive.” The research also may help to explain why, in habitats “There is a practical angle to this idea,” says Professor Sean fragmented by human activity, the loss of species can be Connolly, a co-author of the study. “The take-home message especially high – despite our best attempts at conservation. from a conservation standpoint is that losing fragmented habitats is likely to result in greater loss of species than you Mathematical modelling by a team from the ARC Centre of might otherwise expect.” Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and James Cook University, published today in the prestigious journal Ecology Letters, “The models that scientists currently use to predict identifies the way species disperse across fragmented habitats biodiversity loss focus on the overall reduction in dispersal as one of the keys to biodiversity – and how to preserve it. between increasingly far-flung habitats. Our study shows that fragmentation also reduces the opportunities for different “One of the great unanswered questions in ecology for the species to have different dispersal patterns.” past 80 years is how species-rich communities like reefs and rainforests maintain their diversity. When resources “That can mean a double whammy for species that aren’t are limited, you’d expect that the most competitive species good competitors: less success dispersing offspring into would eventually dominate and the others be wiped out,” suitable habitat, and fewer habitats that offer some respite says lead author Yacov Salomon, now a PhD candidate at the from competitively dominant species.” University of Melbourne. “On the flip side, though, it also means that restoring Till now, explanations have focused on what goes on in degraded patches of habitat may have greater beneficial the habitats themselves. However, in their latest paper, effects on biodiversity than we previously thought.” the team argues that the answer lies also in how corals “The bottom line is that, if your aim is to maintain a rich and rainforests spread their offspring across surrounding community of species, like on coral reefs or in rainforests, fragments of available habitat. By dispersing offspring real-world complexities in dispersal need to be considered.” unevenly – on winds, current or carried by other creatures – across patchworks of reefs or forest fragments, the richness of biodiversity is perpetuated. Salomon, Y, Connolly, SR and Bode, L (2010). Effects of asymmetric dispersal on the coexistence of competing species. Ecology Letters 13(4): 432-441.

Photo Nick Graham 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 19 Research PROGRAM 3

Marine Reserves and Reef Connectivity Researchers Reserves Special Feature”. One Mark McCormick and colleagues ƒƒ Garry Russ Program Leader of these papers, senior authored continue with novel research ƒƒ Glenn Almany Research Fellow by Laurence McCook, entitled showing that successful recruitment ƒƒ Andrew Baird Research Fellow “Adaptive management of the to the next generation of breeding ƒƒ David Bellwood Great Barrier Reef: a globally reef fish is strongly influenced by ƒƒ Sean Connolly Research Fellow significant demonstration of the parental condition. In a paper in ƒƒ Ashley Frisch Research Fellow benefits of networks of marine the Proceedings of the National ƒƒ Nick Graham Research Fellow reserves”, reviewed the evidence Academy of Sciences, Philip Munday ƒƒ Terry Hughes Research Fellow for biodiversity conservation and and colleagues found that ocean ƒƒ Geoffrey Jones fisheries benefits of the 2004 acidification disrupts the sensory ƒƒ Michael Kingsford re-zoning of the Great Barrier Reef system of reef fishes, increasing ƒƒ Vimoksalehi Lukoschek Marine Park (GBRMP) (see National their vulnerability to predators nearly Research Fellow Benefit Case Study p.54). tenfold. This has implications for ƒƒ Laurence McCook the prioritization of conservation and Program 3 continues to lead the ƒƒ Mark McCormick management efforts. Impairment of world in development and application ƒƒ Mark Meekan recruitment will reduce population of techniques to tag and track marine ƒƒ Philip Munday Research Fellow sustainability of many marine fish larvae. Larval tracking, combined with ƒƒ John Pandolfi species, with potentially profound detailed larval dispersal modeling, ƒƒ Serge Planes consequences for marine biodiversity, have now been applied successfully ƒƒ Morgan Pratchett fisheries sustainability and to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Research Fellow connectivity patterns of populations Park. Extensive DNA sampling of ƒƒ David Williamson Research Fellow and networks of marine reserves. commercially and recreationally ƒƒ Bette Willis important species of reef fish in the Garry Russ and colleagues made Networks of marine reserves (no- Keppel Islands was completed in a national-scale assessment of the take areas) are used to manage 2010. Groundbreaking research by current extent, conservation efficacy biodiversity and fisheries. Zoning for Geoff Jones and colleagues has, and gaps in coverage of marine multiple levels of use and protection, for the first time, demonstrated protected areas in the Philippines. This including no-take areas, has become substantial larval connections research, carried out by PhD student one of the principal mechanisms for between the no-take marine reserves Rebecca Weeks, also showed how management of marine resources (“Green Zones”) and the fished in Australia and around the world. (“Blue”) zones of the Keppel Islands. spatial zoning software can be used to Program 3 focuses on how marine More significantly, the research consider local marine tenure explicitly reserves enhance biodiversity demonstrated that the green zones in the design of marine protected and fisheries management. A were delivering substantially more area (MPA) networks. Weeks and major issue is the level of larval recruits to fisheries than their area colleagues were able to design MPA dispersal and connectivity within would suggest. The important finding networks that impacted local resource and between marine reserve is that green zones not only “produce users more equitably, and were networks. Program 3 focuses more fish and bigger fish”, but also therefore more likely to be socio- on the optimal design of reserve export substantial amounts of recruits economically viable. networks for coral reef conservation to fished areas. The management and fisheries management; and implications of this finding to the In Papua New Guinea and the on the consequences of shifts in GBRMP are substantial. These novel Solomon Islands, Glenn Almany and connectivity, due to climate change results are almost unique, globally. colleagues work closely with marine and other processes that affect stock- They herald a new era in the design scientists and conservation planners recruitment relationships. and implementation of marine reserve at The Nature Conservancy to test networks. In future, managers will be and design new MPA networks. The In 2010, members of Program 3 able to place, size and space green latest insights gained from Program contributed three invited papers to a zones to meet objectives. 3 research activities on MPAs and Special issue of the Proceedings of connectivity are incorporated into the National Academy of Sciences Program 3 continues to make these network designs to improve (USA) entitled “Networking breakthroughs in understanding their resilience to threats from Marine Resources, Marine critical aspects of larval biology. climate change and overfishing.

20 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 7 July 2010 Carbon emissions threaten fish populations

umanity’s rising CO2 emissions could have a shellfish, plankton and other organisms with calcified significant impact on the world’s fish populations skeletons. Now we are starting to find it could affect other according to groundbreaking new research carried marine life, such as fish.” Hout in Australia. Earlier research by Professor Munday and colleagues found Baby fish may become easy meat for predators as the world’s that baby ‘Nemo’ clownfish were unable to find their way

oceans become more acidic due to CO2 fallout from human back to their home reef under more acidic conditions. The activity, an international team of researchers has discovered. latest experiments cover a wider range of fish species and show that acidified sea water produces dangerous changes in In a series of experiments reported in the latest issue of the fish behaviour. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team found that as carbon levels rise and ocean water acidifies, the “If humanity keeps on burning coal and oil at current rates,

behaviour of baby fish changes dramatically – in ways that atmospheric CO2 levels will be 750-1000 parts per million by decrease their chances of survival by 50 to 80 per cent. the end of the century. This will acidify the seas much faster than has happened at any stage in the last 650,000 years. “As CO2 increases in the atmosphere and dissolves into the oceans, the water becomes slightly more acidic. Eventually “In our experiments we created the kind of sea water we this reaches a point where it significantly changes the sense will have in the latter part of this century if we do nothing to of smell and behaviour of larval fish,” says team leader reduce emissions. We exposed baby fish to it, in an aquarium Professor Philip Munday of the ARC Centre of Excellence for and then returned some to the sea to see how they behaved. Coral Reef Studies. “When we released them on the reef, we found that they “Instead of avoiding predators, they become attracted to swam further away from shelter and their mortality rates them. They appear to lose their natural caution and start were five to eight times higher than those of normal baby taking big risks, such as swimming out in the open - with fish,” Professor Munday says. lethal consequences.” He adds it should be clearly understood that this impact is Dr Mark Meekan from the Australian Institute of Marine likely to happen independent of global warming, and is a Science, a co-author on the paper, says the change in direct consequence of human carbon emissions. fish behaviour could have serious implications for the The research team concludes “Our results demonstrate sustainability of fish populations because fewer baby fish will that additional CO absorbed into the ocean will reduce survive to replenish adult populations. 2 recruitment success and have far-reaching consequences for “Every time we start a car or turn on the light, part of the the sustainability of fish populations.”

resulting CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, turning them slightly more acidic. Ocean pH has already declined by 0.1 unit and Munday, PL, Dixson, DL, McCormick, MI, Meekan, M, could fall a further 0.3.-0.4 of a unit if we continue to emit CO2 Ferrari, MCO and Chivers, DP (2010). Replenishment of fish at our present increasing rate. populations is threatened by ocean acidification. Proceedings “We already know this will have an adverse effect on corals, of the National Academy of Sciences 107(29): 12930-12934.

Photo © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 21 Research PROGRAM 4

Genetic, Molecular and Physiological Processes Researchers collaborated with scientists from the valuable insight into the metabolic ƒƒ Ove Hoegh-Guldberg National Oceanic and Atmospheric interactions between partners, the Administration (NOAA) to produce functions of the symbiosis, and will Program Leader a model that explained how inter- lead to the development of markers ƒƒ Tracy Ainsworth Research Fellow annual seasonal differences can drive for monitoring health and changes ƒƒ Ken Anthony the appearance of white syndrome in the status of the symbiotic in corals. Willis also investigated partnership under different climate ƒƒ Line Bay Research Fellow skeletal eroding band on the Great change scenarios. ƒƒ Sophie Dove Barrier Reef and the role of injury ƒƒ Simon Dunn Research Fellow in the initiation of this widespread Madeleine van Oppen has continued coral disease. Her team continued to to explore the genetic structure ƒƒ Paulina Kaniewska investigate how particular elements of coral populations on the Great Research Fellow of the immunity system of corals Barrier Reef. Together with Program ƒƒ Bill Leggat underpinned their susceptibility to 4 postdoctoral fellows and students, ƒƒ David Miller bleaching and disease. These studies van Oppen is developing some of the are producing an integrated picture of first data on the genetic variability of ƒƒ Mathieu Pernice how environmental drivers influence corals with respect to heat tolerance. Visiting Research Fellow the susceptibility and potential In a series of experiments moving ƒƒ Linda Tonk Research Fellow outcome of an increased abundance corals between warm and cooler ƒƒ Madeleine van Oppen of coral diseases. This project has areas of the Great Barrier Reef, van direct application to management of Oppen’s team is providing important ƒƒ Bette Willis the Great Barrier Reef through a better information on the potential for ƒƒ David Yellowlees understanding of the drivers of disease. coral populations to adapt to rapid Reef-building corals and their changes in sea temperature and symbionts are fundamental elements Sophie Dove and others continued ocean acidity. Smart State Fellow, of tropical coastal ecosystems. their work on the stress biology of Line Bay, has been collaborating with Researchers from Program 4 corals, focusing on the tolerance of van Oppen to develop a number of continued their investigation of corals to stress at a physiological important techniques and insights the intricate relationships between level. Working at both Heron Island into gene expression responses to corals and their holobiont partners, and Lizard Island, Dove has begun environmental stress. These types of including dinoflagellates and bacteria, to explore the latitudinal differences studies will provide important insight particularly in how they respond in physiological tolerance across the into how corals are likely to respond to to environmental stressors. These Great Barrier Reef. Simon Dunn has the rapid changes in sea temperature issues are important in light of the been improving our understanding and ocean acidity that are projected to rapid rates of environmental change of the interactions between coral occur on the Great Barrier Reef over occuring at both local and global host and symbiotic dinoflagellate the coming decades. scales. Research results generated and developed a method based on by Program 4 scientists have the incorporation of stable isotope Bill Leggat, David Yellowlees and Tracy important implications for the future and HPLC-MS lipidomic studies of Ainsworth have investigated the effect and management of coral reefs. anemones and corals. This work is of sub-bleaching temperatures on the providing an important insight into the expression of basic metabolic genes in Research continued on the disease fate of photosynthate metabolites, both the coral host and Symbiodinium agents affecting corals. Ove Hoegh- which can now be tracked over and how these sub-lethal temperatures Guldberg and colleagues expanded time to specific synthetic and modify the expression of genes involved their work on white syndrome in metabolic pathways. In a similar vein, in apoptosis. These results show that collaboration with Michael Kuhl Mathieu Pernice has been using at temperatures 2-3 degrees below the from the University of Copenhagen, nanosim technology to successfully bleaching threshold there are significant on how acute tissue death during visualize the incorporation of 15N changes in the gene expression in white syndrome affects the into metabolites and its subsequent the coral host. This has important microenvironments associated transport and utilization between implications for how corals will respond with tabular Acropora. Bette Willis symbiotic partners. These provide to future increases in temperature.

22 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 17 August 2010 How corals fight back ustralian researchers are a step closer to The study of coral immunity will enable scientists to better understanding the rapid decline of our coral reefs, pre-empt the effects of different stresses on corals. This thanks to a breakthrough study linking coral is important, as by the time physical symptoms become Aimmunity with its susceptibility to bleaching and disease. apparent, strategies to mitigate stress effects will be far less valuable. The discovery was made by Caroline Palmer, Bette Willis and John Bythell, scientists from the Australian Research Council “Our increased understanding of coral immune systems Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook may therefore be used to address the causes rather than University (Queensland) and Newcastle University (UK). the symptoms of coral declines”, says Caroline Palmer. Bette Willis adds: “This approach is necessary particularly “Understanding the immune system of reef-building given that coral bleaching is similar to having a fever – it’s a corals will help to reduce the impact of coral diseases and common sign for many different stresses so it’s often difficult environmental stresses,” says Caroline Palmer, lead author to point to any one cause in particular”. of the publication. “Potentially, this will enable us to more accurately predict the vulnerability of coral reefs to disease Two of the main factors that cause corals to bleach are attacks and bleaching, before there are obvious signs of stress.” by disease-causing microbes and temperature stress. It is currently estimated that between three and six per cent of “This unique study broadens the limited knowledge we corals on the Great Barrier Reef are affected by coral diseases, have about the defence systems of corals, which is one of the and up to a third of corals at a given location can be affected main challenges facing scientists aiming to protect corals” by temperature stress in a warm year. Temperature stress is a says Professor Bette Willis, a chief investigator in the ARC growing concern due to global warming. Centre. “Identifying and measuring the immune functions of several different corals allows us to predict which ones are Researchers and reef managers are currently working on particularly susceptible to stress.” strategies to protect vulnerable coral sites. The preventive measures envisioned involve minimising human impacts “Variation in levels of immune function among different which might further injure the coral, such as dredging, species is likely dependent on the energy they assign to it. building construction, pollution, land runoff or damaging Corals that utilise energy to grow and reproduce rapidly have corals by boat activity or fishing. less to spare for their immune response as energy is vital for this process,” says Caroline Palmer. “These corals, like the staghorns, are the colonies most vulnerable when challenged Palmer CV, Bythell JC, Willis BL (2010). Levels of immunity by temperature stress or disease.” parameters underpin bleaching and disease susceptibility of reef corals. FASEB Journal 24:1935-1946

Photo Ernesto Weil 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 23 Research PROGRAM 5

Resilience of Linked Social-Ecological Systems Researchers agenda that is closely aligned to the environmental law, with applications ƒƒ Terry Hughes Program Leader ARC Centre’s Programs 5, 6 and 7. that could extend globally to a variety PECS is co-sponsored by UNESCO, of ecosystems and governments. ƒƒ Andrew Baird Research Fellow and will complement existing global This project is funded by the ARC ƒƒ Natalie Ban Research Fellow environmental change programs and Centre, the Smithsonian Marine ƒƒ David Bellwood international partnerships. Science Network, IUCN, and the ƒƒ Joshua Cinner Research Fellow Australian Academy of Science. In February, Joshua Cinner and Terry ƒƒ Louisa Evans Research Fellow Hughes presented invited talks at In June, Program 5 leader Terry ƒƒ Pedro Fidelman Research Fellow the AAAS meeting in San Diego, Hughes hosted an ARC Centre ƒƒ Simon Foale Research Fellow based on two Special Feature articles working group focussing on the ƒƒ Carl Folke on marine reserves, published in challenges of trans-boundary Proceedings of the National Academy ƒƒ Nick Graham Research Fellow governance in the sea, with a of Sciences. Another research particular emphasis on the emerging ƒƒ Laurence McCook highlight in 2010 was the cover article Coral Triangle Initiative and the Baltic. ƒ ƒ John Pandolfi in the September issue of PNAS, Among the twelve participants were ƒƒ Bob Pressey Research Fellow entitled “Navigating transformations members of the Centre’s Programs in governance of Chilean marine ƒƒ Robert Steneck 5, 6 and 7, as well as representatives coastal resources.” Led by Stefan from The WorldFish Center, the Gelcich from Universidad Catholica, Program 5 focuses on the interface Resilience Alliance, the Beijer this study is based on a 2008 between people, economies and Institute for Ecological Economics, workshop co-chaired by Hughes coral reef ecosystems. Our objective and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. is to undertake research and and Juan-Carlos Castilla in Santiago, develop new tools that improve the Chile – one of the Centre’s ongoing As 2010 drew to a close, Joshua series of international working group governance and management of Cinner secured a prestigious 5-year meetings focussing on marine social- natural systems and enhance their Australian Research Fellowship, ecological systems. capacity to sustain human and natural based at James Cook University, capital. Program 5’s multi-disciplinary In May, John Pandolfi and Jeremy which will enable him to continue research combines expertise on and expand his own work on climate coral reef biology, management, Jackson from the Scripps Institution change adaptation, in collaboration governance, economics and the of Oceanography convened a with Hughes and Tim McClanahan social sciences. workshop with 14 colleagues entitled Incorporating Appropriate Ecological from Kenya. Their project, entitled In January, Centre Director Terry Baselines into Management of Linking social science and ecology to Hughes travelled to Paris for a Ocean Resources, in Washington, understand the vulnerability of coastal meeting of the inaugural Science DC. The purpose of the meeting societies to changes in coral reef Committee responsible for was to bring together a diverse resources, will be based mostly in developing a 10-year global research group of ecologists, natural resource east Africa and the Indian Ocean. project of ICSU, the International managers, conservation scientists, Council for Science. The project, lawyers, and policy makers, to Program 5 hosted many international entitled Program on Ecosystem foster the incorporation of historical visitors during the year (see p.46), Change and Society (PECS) will focus ecological baselines into marine including Professor Hui Huang, from on both human development and environmental laws, regulations the Chinese Academy of Science. sustainability of natural resources at and policies. The goal is to produce During her 5-month stay at James regional to global scales. PECS aims several synthetic publications during Cook University, Professor Huang to link science and environmental 2011, including a Law Review article wrote a review with Hughes and management to society, policy and that reflects the relevant strategies Matt Young on the regional status human well-being. The PECS Science for improving both US and Australian of coral reefs in the South China Committee will meet twice a year to legislation. The workshop will Sea, with recommendations for their develop a social-ecological research provide a landmark case study for future management.

24 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 7 October 2010 Call to heal the world’s coral reefs

here is still time to save the world’s ailing coral reefs, formulated the scientific lessons from resilient reefs into a set if prompt and decisive action can be taken to improve of management advice which governments can adopt to give their overall health, leading marine researchers say. coral reefs a fighting chance: Writing in the journal , T Trends in Ecology and Evolution  Empower and educate local people to look after their eminent marine scientists from Australia and the USA have called for an international effort to improve the resilience own reefs of coral reefs, so they can withstand the impacts of climate  Change land uses that cause damaging runoff and change and other human activities. sediment “The world’s coral reefs are important economic, social  Control not only fishing, but also fish markets to protect and environmental assets, and they are in deep trouble. herbivorous fish How much trouble, and why, are critical research questions  that have obvious implications for formulating policy and Integrate resilience science with reef management and improving the governance and management of these tropical support for local communities in restoring their reefs maritime resources,” explains Jeremy Jackson from the  Improve laws that protect coral reefs globally Scripps Institution of Oceanography.  Confront climate change as the single most important issue The key to saving the reefs lies in understanding why some for coral reef management and conservation by sharply reefs degenerate into a mass of weeds and never recover reducing greenhouse gas emissions. – an event known as a ‘phase shift’ – while on other reefs the corals manage to bounce back successfully, showing a On climate change they caution: “Without urgent action, quality known as resilience. This underlines the importance unchecked global warming and ocean acidification promise of managing reefs in ways that promote their resilience, the to be the ultimate policy failures for coral reefs. Although it is researchers say. possible to promote the recovery of reefs following bouts of bleaching via local actions such as improving water-quality “We have a very good scientific understanding of what and protecting herbivores, these interventions alone cannot causes reefs to decline – what we now need is a clearer picture climate-proof reefs.” of how to help them back onto the reverse trajectory,” says lead author Professor Terry Hughes from the ARC Centre of “The clear message from our research, and that of other Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University. marine scientists, is that the world’s coral reefs can still be Taking an optimistic view, the researchers argue there is saved… if we try harder,” Hughes says. compelling evidence from sites in Hawaii, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, the Caribbean, Bahamas and Philippines that Hughes, TP, Graham N, Jackson JBC, Mumby PJ, and Steneck the degradation and disappearance of corals can be arrested RS (2010). Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef and reversed with the right management: The team has resilience. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25: 633-642

Photo © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 25 Research PROGRAM 6

Conservation Planning for a Sustainable Future Researchers Coral Triangle. He also presented at community-based resource ƒƒ Bob Pressey Program Leader the Association for Tropical Biology management actions. meeting in Bali and visited Jakarta for ƒƒ Glenn Almany Research Fellow discussions with the Coral Triangle Results of this collaboration have been presented in a national ƒƒ Natalie Ban Research Fellow Support Partnership. workshop for Fijian provincial ƒƒ Debora de Freitas Two new research fellows joined governments to implement additional Research Associate Program 6 in 2010, Alana Grech and management actions within their ƒƒ Mariana Fuentes Research Fellow Mariana Fuentes. Mariana Fuentes is provinces. This research also an ARC Super Science Fellow whose contributed towards Fiji’s reporting ƒƒ Tatjana Good project is developing systematic requirements to the Convention on Visiting Research Fellow priorities for the management of Biological Diversity. ƒƒ Alana Grech Research Fellow marine mega-fauna to increase their resilience to climate change, In the Great Barrier Reef and ƒƒ Johnathan Kool Research Fellow focusing on the northern Great adjacent Coral Sea, Program 6 is ƒƒ Laurence McCook Barrier Reef and Torres Strait. involved in several projects. Pressey Mariana has a strong network of and Natalie Ban collaborated with Program 6 focuses on spatial solutions collaborators among managers and the University of Queensland to to resource management problems, scientists in agencies and universities analyse sea surface temperature involving the design of conservation in Queensland and is working trends using satellite imagery to areas that are managed to promote closely with island managers in incorporate rising temperatures the persistence and sustainable use of the Queensland Parks and Wildlife into conservation planning. Work natural resources, and implemented Service. Alana’s research focuses is also underway to examine the with local communities and other on bringing together traditional impact of interacting stressors on stakeholders. Areas of particular knowledge and western science coral bleaching and disease. Pressey interest include conservation planning to support a systematic approach and Ban’s work on estimating under a changing climate, land-sea to designing marine conservation management costs of complete linkages, reconciling conservation strategies in the Torres Strait. She no-take and partial no-take scenarios values and economics, and works closely with multiple State and for the proposal Coral Sea Marine engagement with stakeholders. Federal government agencies. Reserve is generating interest, resulting in an invited presentation The Great Barrier Reef, the Coral In 2010, Program 6 helped the to the Marine Biodiversity Research Sea and the Coral Triangle remain Solomon Islands achieve its reporting Hub’s workshop on strategic major geographical focal regions of commitments under the Convention on research needs in managing the Program 6. Collaborations are now Biological Diversity (CBD). Johnathan Commonwealth marine estate. well established with government Kool led the project, in collaboration agencies and non-profit organisations with The Nature Conservancy, Program 6 has been active in in several countries. In the Great which identified gaps in coverage of numerous additional collaborations Barrier Reef region, Bob Pressey ecosystems by terrestrial and marine and meetings. With funding from and colleagues are engaging with protected areas. The Solomon Islands the Canadian government, Ban the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park government, approved the report in and colleagues launched a new Authority, Queensland Parks and parliament and endorsed it as their collaboration with the University Wildlife Service, the Great Barrier Reef submission to the CBD. of British Columbia on social Foundation, and Natural Resource considerations in conservation Management Boards in northern In Fiji, Pressey and his students planning. Pressey and Ban became Queensland. For example, in 2010 partnered with the Wildlife Conservation partners in the Global Ocean Pressey partnered with Derek Ball Society and the national Protected Area Biodiversity Initiative, an international in the Mackay-Whitsunday Natural Committee to investigate: partnership for advancing the Resource Management (NRM) region scientific basis for conserving and ƒƒ opportunity costs to local on a long-term project investigating managing the deep seas and open communities of establishing island biosecurity. Pressey is also oceans. In 2010, Ban also served as marine protected areas engaging actively in the Coral Triangle an invited member on the organising Initiative. In 2010, he attended the ƒƒ differential effectiveness of several committee of the Royal Society’s Asia-Pacific Coral Reef Symposium in types of management actions and Australian Academy of Science’s Phuket and an associated workshop ƒƒ achievement of Fiji’s national Frontiers in Marine Sciences meeting on marine protected areas in the conservation goals through in Western Australia.

26 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 22 February 2010 Participation important for healthy marine parks he involvement of locals is a key ingredient in the “In the Caribbean, we found the opposite. Large human success of marine parks which protect coral reefs and populations near reserves led to poor performance of the Tfish stocks. reserve,” Dr Cinner said. The largest-scale study to date of how coastal communities The other key ingredient for a successful marine reserve influence successful outcomes in marine reserves has found was the level of poaching in the reserve. But importantly, that human population pressure was a critical factor in the team found that compliance with reserve rules was not whether or not a reserve succeeded in protecting marine just related to the level of enforcement, but also to a range of resources – but so too was local involvement in research and social, political, and economic factors which enabled people management. to co-operate better in protecting their marine resources. Reserves worked best where there was a formal consultation The team looked at how successful coral reef marine reserves processes about reserve rules, where local people were able were at conserving fish stocks. They studied 56 marine to participate in monitoring the reserve, and when ongoing reserves from 19 different countries throughout Asia, the training for community members was provided so that they Indian Ocean, and the Caribbean. could better understand the science and policy. “About ¾ of the marine reserves we studied showed a “It was clear that this type of local involvement was a very positive difference in the amount of fish inside compared to important factor in building the local support necessary outside – so most reserves we studied were working” says to make reserves successful. Park agencies need to foster Dr Josh Cinner of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral conditions that enable people to work together to protect their Reef Studies. local environment, voluntarily, rather than focusing purely on “However, the differences weren’t always large. The most regulations and patrols. successful reserves showed really big differences - 14 times “Enforcement will almost always be an important part of a the amount of fish inside compared to outside - but that successful reserve, but there is a lot of ocean out there to patrol wasn’t always the case. and many of the places we studied were poor, developing “What we were most interested in was understanding what countries which don’t have the luxury of being able to invest made some reserves more successful than others. One of the in lots of patrol boats. best predictors of how ‘successful’ a marine reserve was, is actually the size of the human communities around the Pollnac R, Christie P, Cinner JE, Dalton T, Daw TM, Forrester reserve – but interestingly, this varied in different regions. GE, Graham NAJ, McClanahan TR (2009) Marine reserves “In the Indian Ocean, for example, where reserves are as linked social–ecological systems Proceedings of the government-controlled and moderate in size (around six National Academy of Sciences 107(43): 18262-18265 square kilometres on average), having lots of people nearby had a positive effect.”

Photo Rebecca Weeks 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 27 Research PROGRAM 7

Policy Development, Institutions and Governance of Coral Reefs Researchers theory, combined with her solid In 2010, Foale led a joint JCU- ƒƒ Simon Foale Program Leader grounding in applied fisheries ANU field trip to the remote and governance research, makes her densely populated island of Tikopia ƒƒ Joshua Cinner Research Fellow a particularly valuable asset to the as part of his research project on ƒƒ Louisa Evans Research Fellow Program. She has already secured traditional knowledge in subsistence fisheries. This work focuses on local ƒƒ Michael Fabinyi Research Fellow funding from the National Climate Change Adaptation Research understandings of the impacts of ƒƒ Pedro Fidelman Research Fellow Facility. Fabinyi comes to us from fishing on artisanal fisheries in the ƒƒ Terry Hughes Research Fellow the ANU, and his anthropological Melanesian countries of Solomon expertise is also highly valued by Islands and Papua New Guinea. ƒƒ John Pandolfi Program 7, particularly in relation to Program 7, launched in mid-2009 our goal of developing constructive Tikopia is a well-known name in and led by Simon Foale, addresses collaborations between ecologists, anthropological and archaeological the multi-faceted challenges of economists and social scientists. circles, and was singled out by improving coral reef governance. Jared Diamond in his recent, book This multi-disciplinary research Program 7 members led and ‘Collapse’, as an example of a program covers cultural, political, participated in two working groups in ‘success story’, in striking contrast historical, and economic aspects of 2010 (in addition to those described to another remote Pacific Island, coral reef management at multiple earlier for Program 5). Foale led Rapanui (Easter Island). In part due scales. While Program 7 includes a one in Cairns in September entitled to its isolation, Tikopia has one of focus on the Great Barrier Reef, its Conserving Biodiversity for Food the strongest traditional cultures activities are global in scope, with Security: Putting People at the Heart in the Pacific. Intriguingly, Foale’s emphasis on the rapidly evolving of the Coral Triangle. In December, team substantiated earlier claims coastal resource management and Visiting Research Fellow, Per Olsson, that the Tikopians appear to lack governance challenges in countries from the Stockholm Resilience any effective traditional fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific region, Centre led a related working group management institutions, such particularly in Melanesia and the Coral entitled Working towards Regional as customary marine tenure, or Triangle. Program 7 addresses the Ocean Governance: The Coral regular serial closures (taboos). The global, political and economic drivers Triangle Initiative in which Hughes, team’s findings call into question of resource-use at several scales, and Foale and Evans participated. some widely cited and popular aims to understand the cultural, social dogmas about the extent to which and political dimensions of coral reef Other Program 7 work includes a subsistence fisheries were in fact tenure systems and resource use, stakeholder analysis led by Pedro ecologically limiting for pre-colonial both contemporary and historical. Fidelman aimed at describing human populations on Pacific Islands, Program 7 is already involved in institutional interplay within the and related hypotheses about the capacity-building activities in many Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI), and the existence of a traditional conservation countries, working with NGOs and governance landscape of the Coral ethic in Pacific Island societies. The national governments. Triangle region – a particularly relevant policy implications of this work are study given the importance of the important, because if people did not Post-doctoral fellows, Louisa Evans CTI to our work, and the pressing ‘traditionally’ conserve subsistence and Mike Fabinyi, were recruited need to understand the complex and fisheries out of necessity, then a to the ARC Centre in the first half problematic governance issues that ‘renaissance’ or ‘strengthening’ of 2010, and have each made the CTI presents. Fabinyi is leading of tradition or custom is unlikely significant progress in the short an investigation of commodity fishery to achieve fishery management time they have been with the market chains (e.g. live reef fish, objectives in modern contexts. Program. Evans worked for The bêche-de-mer and shark fin) from Other policy initiatives, including WorldFish Center prior to her arrival, the Asia-Pacific region into China – a the development of locally-relevant and her ongoing collaborations fundamentally important yet widely science education programs, appear with WorldFish contribute to the neglected aspect of commercial, reef- to be more useful, and this approach Centre’s growing alliance with this based fisheries in the region. is being tested in Foale’s work. group. Evan’s expertise in resilience

28 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 10 June 2010 Fishers caught between degradation and development he livelihoods of tens of millions of fishers in the of the tens of millions who have, until now, drawn their living world’s richest coral reef region, the Coral Triangle, from the sea.” are at risk from the combined impact of collapsing Dr Fabinyi says that the creation of marine protected areas in Tfish stocks, environmental decline and coastal development. some parts of the Philippines and Coral Triangle has proved A new study focusing on a group of islands in the Philippines beneficial both for fishers and genuine ecotourism, although by Dr Michael Fabinyi of the ARC Centre of Excellence it has also restricted the area that fishers rely on for their for Coral Reef Studies and James Cook University has livelihood. highlighted the pressures being experienced by tens of “In the Calamianes, for example, I found that most fishers millions of subsistence fishers in the region bounded by were working longer hours, over greater distances, for Australia, the Pacific and Southeast Asia. fewer fish caught – which is a clear sign that the fishery is “The Calamianes islands in the Philippines are fairly typical continuing to decline. of what is happening throughout the region,” Michael explains. “At the same time resort developers were pressuring them to give up their land on the coast, without creating sufficient “Until recently they had relatively pristine coral reefs and livelihoods to compensate for the loss on land and at sea.” healthy levels of fish stocks – but the impact of overfishing, including dynamite fishing and cyanide fishing, to feed the Tourism development is often seen as a ‘silver bullet’ solution hungry markets of China and Asia have caused extensive to poverty in underdeveloped regions, he says, but studies degradation to the reefs and declines in the fish that depend on the ground indicate the picture is more mixed – while on them. some livelihoods are created, others are being destroyed. Also tourism is less reliable than fishing, being subject to booms “In Southeast Asia it is commonly assumed that tourism and busts and the cost of world air travel. development will provide some of the answers by employing people who can no longer fish for a living – but in my study I “The people who are affected by these forces of did not find that. environmental degradation, fish stock decline and coastal development are so numerous throughout the region that this “Instead it became clear that what was spoken of as eco- is emerging as a very serious social issue for all the countries tourism was, in reality, often coastal resort development – and in the Coral Triangle as well as those which border it – like it was pushing many coastal families off their land as well as Australia,” Fabinyi says. squeezing them out of their fishing areas.

“It has certainly created jobs for some former fishers – but Fabinyi M (2010), The Intensification of fishing and the rise of by no means for all, and this wider social impact needs to be tourism: Competing coastal livelihoods in the Calamianes taken into account when thinking about the future livelihoods Islands, Philippines. Human Ecology 38, 415–427.

Photo Simon Foale 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 29 Research PROGRAM 8

Genomics and Metagenomics of Coral Reefs Researchers new genes, whereas what we have genomics which was held in Kiel ƒƒ David Miller Program Leader shown is that old genes – many of (Germany) with the Kiel Cluster of which have been lost from many Excellence – “The Future Ocean”. ƒƒ Tracy Ainsworth Research Fellow animals – are at least as important as Sylvain Forêt and Marcelo Kitahara ƒƒ Line Bay Research Fellow “new” genes in this respect. were also participants as was Terry ƒƒ Simon Dunn Research Fellow Hughes who delivered a plenary. Substantial progress has been made Program 8 also hosted Allen Chen of ƒƒ Sylvain Forêt Research Fellow in determining the whole genome Academia Sinica (Taiwan), who spent ƒƒ Lauretta Grasso sequence of the coral Acropora a sabbatical in the ARC Centre in Research Associate millepora - the first animal to undergo 2010, and Jaap Kaandorp (University whole genome sequencing and of Amsterdam). Two members of ƒƒ Ove Hoegh-Guldberg assembly by an all-Australian team. Kaandorp’s group, Muriel de Boer Research Fellow This ground-breaking project is and MSc student Lotte Huisman, ƒƒ Bill Leggat exclusively based on short-read are supported by a Dutch Science ƒƒ Aurélie Moya “next-gen” sequencing methods, Foundation grant on which Miller is a and is a partnership between the Chief Investigator and are long-term Visiting Research Fellow ARC Centre, The Australian Genome visitors to the Centre. ƒƒ Susanne Sprungala Research Facility and Illumina Inc. Research Associate In combination with the genome Other research highlights in 2010 ƒƒ Madeleine van Oppen sequence, the availability of the included major advances in large volumes of transcriptome data understanding coral evolution. Program 8 was established in accumulated by the combined efforts Marcelo Kitahara’s PhD project 2009 in recognition of the growing of David Miller (JCU), Eldon Ball (ANU) has shown that two deep-sea importance of genomics in coral and collaborators have led to Acropora coral families, the gardeneriids and reef research and the Centre’s millepora becoming the coral of choice micrabaciids, are the earliest diverging growing expertise and leadership for molecular and cell biology research of all extant corals, pushing coral in this field. The Program is based by most scientists in the international origins back in time to the Paleozoic. around the structure and function coral research community. Zoe Richards moved to the Australian of the genomes of corals, their Museum, where she is the first dinoflagellate symbionts and Significant progress has also recipient of the Virginia Chadwick associated bacterial and viral been made on the genomics Post-doctoral Fellowship. Sylvain communities, known as the of the dinoflagellate symbionts Forêt, a postdoctoral bioinformatician “holobiome”. The long-term aim (Symbiodinium sp.). The major focus in the Program, was a member of the of Program 8, in association with is on the use of high-throughput team that analysed the methylome Program 4, is to understand how the sequencing to characterise the of the honeybee, resulting in a very “holobiome” functions under normal transcriptome of Symbiodinium. highly cited PLoS Biology paper. and stressed conditions. This work is supported by a number This research has been invaluable of postgraduate student projects in guiding the analysis of the coral Major research highlights of 2010 that are examining quantitative genome in which Forêt is playing included a comparative study, changes in gene expression of these a leading role. Tracy Ainsworth, an published in Trends in Genetics, unicellular algae under a variety of ARC postdoctoral fellow, published a highlighting the importance of “old” stress conditions, including increased number of studies in 2010, including genes in enabling the evolution of an invited review in Trends in Ecology temperatures, CO2 and nutrient levels. new traits. The assumption has been and Evolution which examined the that the evolution of new traits, such In September, Miller, with Thomas future of coral reefs from a microbial as building the coral skeleton, is Bosch, co-organized and co- perspective, and the role these enabled primarily by the evolution of chaired a joint symposium on coral organisms play in coral reef resilience.

30 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Researcher Profile Professor Madeleine van Oppen

Madeleine van Oppen was awarded a prestigious Level 3 ARC Future Fellowship in 2010. Her achievement follows on the success of ARC Centre researchers, Andrew Baird and Glenn Almany, who were both awarded Level 1 Fellowships in the inaugural Future Fellowship round. Madeleine is based at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in Townsville and is a Partner Investigator and adjunct Professor in the ARC Centre.

Madeleine originally trained as a marine (molecular) the introduction of beneficial alleles into threatened ecologist in the Netherlands, studied herbivorous coral populations through translocation of corals). reef fish and zooplankton for her masters, cold-water seaweeds for her doctorate and African cichlid fishes Madeleine is the Director of the Centre for Marine for her first postdoctoral work in the UK. She began Microbiology and Genetics at AIMS which was funded by researching reef corals in 1997 on a James Cook a major grant from the Queensland Government’s Smart University postdoctoral research fellowship in David State Research Facilities Fund. Her Future Fellowship Miller’s laboratory, followed by an ARC Australian project is to explore a new and exciting aspect of coral Research Fellowship. In 2001 she moved to AIMS, research - the viruses associated with corals. Her aim where she developed and now leads a highly successful is to characterise these viruses and obtain a detailed research program on the genetics of adaptation/ understanding of the critical roles they play in coral health, acclimatisation of corals to climate change. Madeleine is coral bleaching and adaptation of corals to climate change. the co-editor of the first major book on coral bleaching. She collaborates extensively with other scientists in ‘Despite the popular misconception, not all viruses are the ARC Centre, particularly Bette Willis, and she is on bad,’ says Madeleine, who regularly leads and participates the supervisory panel of several postgraduate students in field research on the Great Barrier Reef. It is an enrolled in the Centre. astonishing fact that ~28,000 viral types are associated with a single coral colony, yet viruses are the least studied Over the past few years, Madeleine has expanded her of the biota living on or in corals. The research results of research program to include quantitative genetics and her fellowship will provide major insights into how corals (functional) genomics approaches. In addition, she is are likely to respond to climate change, and as such will developing genetic tools and assessing the impacts and substantially contribute to management strategies which likely success of management strategies (for example, aim to maximise reef resilience.

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 31 The Future of Marine Governance By Terry Hughes

remarkably simple lesson has emerged from recent research into preserving marine resources around the world: concerted human planning and effort are Aeffective in preventing further decline of marine ecosystems. Fundamentally, the deterioration of marine ecosystems signals a crisis of governance, and the widespread degradation of our environment is a symptom of inadequate, dysfunctional, or missing institutions.1 Currently, most coastal and almost all oceanic fisheries lack effective property rights, leading to widespread depletion of stocks, while globalized Sea turtles caught in Australia’s Fitzroy River in 1935. markets pressure people to fish even harder. However, management of common-pool resources within the nearshore territorial waters of some countries has markedly improved in recent years, and some improvement has also been achieved at larger scales and dugongs due to hunting and accidental bycatch. In within the Exclusive Economic Zones (generally up contrast, many of the great fisheries of the world, such to 200 nautical miles from the coast) of progressive as the Atlantic cod, were persistent for centuries because nations. The major challenge globally, to overcome there was always somewhere too far offshore, too deep, rampant free riding on the high seas, is to design new too dangerous, or too expensive to fish. On the other international agreements that reward cooperation and hand, global positioning technology has greatly enhanced sanction violations. the capacity to divide the ocean into patches with different management regimes. We can artificially restore refuges On land, most human societies long ago made the from overfishing by establishing appropriately scaled no- transition from roaming hunter-gatherer to farmer or city take reserves. dweller. Societal rules and norms have changed over many centuries to reflect this increased attachment to In the last four years, global ocean protection has made place. In particular, many human activities on land revolve significant strides. Offshore locations still have reasonably around systems of property rights and restricted access intact ecosystems because of their relative isolation, to resources. Governance of the sea lags far behind and the paucity of people there simplifies the social terrestrial systems. Increasingly, however, many nation costs of establishing no-take marine reserves. In 2006, states are experimenting with new legal frameworks and former U.S. president George W. Bush established institutional arrangements to confront overfishing and the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument degradation of marine ecosystems. (360,000 km2) in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. In Open access to coastal resources changed nearshore the same year, the president of the Republic of Kiribati ecosystems surprisingly early in human history.2 For announced the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (184,700 example, archaeological middens around the world km2). In 2010, former UK foreign secretary David Miliband show a rapid depletion of megafauna, often followed established the Chagos Marine Reserve in the tropical by sequential fishing down the food chain from larger Indian Ocean (covering 545,000 km2). The Chagos to smaller species. Even the relatively intact Great Reserve alone doubled the area of the world’s oceans that Barrier Reef has seen rapid declines in sharks, turtles, are under protection.

32 ARC CENTRE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Reproduced with thanks to Solutions. The article was originally published in Volume 2, Issue 1 of Solutions, www.thesolutionsjournal.com

This grouper caught circa 1917 in the Mossman River in Australia weighed in at 315 pounds and was 7 feet and 3 inches long.

Nearshore governance has also improved in many countries. For example, in the Philippines, legal frameworks have emerged that encourage partnerships between local fisher communities, local municipalities, and NGOs, leading to co-management of coastal coral reefs.3 This emerging system devolves marine management responsibility from the central government to coastal communities, with greater authority allocated to local governments up to 15 kilometers from shore. Similarly, in Chile, a new property-rights system has allocated exclusive use of areas of the coastal seafloor to cooperatives of artisanal fishers, requiring commercial operators to work offshore.4 Each cooperative that chooses to join the system pays rent and is allocated a catch quota for up to four species each year, based on an annual stock assessment. Other commercial species are left unharvested, creating an effective system of no-take zones for most of the ecosystem.

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is another hopeful example of adaptive governance in the face of human impacts such as overfishing, pollution, and climate 5,6 change. The park is divided into seven color-coded 1. Walker, B et al. Looming global-scale failures and zones that allow for different activities by different users. missing institutions. Science 325, 1345–1346 (2009). For example, fishing and collecting is prohibited in green zones, but tourism and research are allowed. There is 2. Jackson, J et al. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science, 293: 629-638 clear evidence for widespread recovery of fish stocks in (2001). newly created green (no-fishing) zones. However, zones are ineffective for coping with land-based pollution runoff 3. Alcala, CA and Russ, GR. No-take marine reserves and or depletion of highly mobile megafauna. These issues reef fisheries management in the Philippines: A new remain major challenges. people power revolution. Ambio 35, 245-254 (2006). 4. Gelcich, S et al. Navigating transformations in These examples of transformative governance from governance of Chilean marine coastal resources. the Philippines, Chile, and Australia all illustrate the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences importance of new scientific information and of testing 107(39), 16751–17060 (2010). policy options prior to full-scale implementation.3,4,6 In each case, small groups of researchers worked with local 5. Day, J. An overview of the Representative Area fishers to explore the feasibility of different management Program and its role in protecting the biodiversity of the regimes, and local support and communication among Great Barrier Reef. Solutions 2, 56–66 (2011). multiple stakeholders was critical in gaining political 6. McCook, LJ et al. Adaptive management of the Great support for new initiatives. In a rapidly changing Barrier Reef: A globally significant demonstration of the world, static governance is doomed to failure, and benefits of networks of marine reserves. Proceedings learning how to adapt to new information and shifting of the National Academy of Sciences. 107(43), 18278- circumstances is key to achieving desirable outcomes. 18285 (2010).

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 33 GRADUATE TRAINING

In 2010, the ARC Centre supervised Following discussions at the attend their annual meeting in and funded 192 postgraduate and Students’ Canberra retreat, the Coffs Harbour, NSW. honours students representing a 3 students instituted a series of cross- ƒƒ Rebecca Lawton was presented fold increase over the past 5 years. nodal “labs”, videoconferenced with the Quicksilver Award for the This represents the world’s largest weekly. Topics covered various outstanding oral presentation at postgraduate program in coral reef aspects of interest including the Australian Coral Reef Society research. Apart from support for the statistics and strategies for writing meeting in Coffs Harbour. student research costs, the Centre and publishing research. The forum ƒƒ Renata Legorreta received a also provides targeted professional has evolved into a session where grant from the Conservation development for the students students can exchange statistical Leadership Program to attend and financial assistance to attend skills, ask relevant pressing the ISRS European meeting in conferences, Centre Symposia and, questions, and through which The Netherlands. to visit other nodes of the Centre. they can invite experts to give The total investment in student presentations on topics of interest. ƒƒ Danielle Dixson won the activities is >25% of the Centre’s Australian Society for Fish Biology annual budget. On the JCU campus, the Student International Travel Scholarship for Committee have also been increasing her paper on ocean acidification, In September, the ARC Centre again the Centre’s green credentials through published in Ecology Letters. held a National Student Mentoring their involvement with the Greening ƒƒ Brynn Devine won the Best oral Day immediately prior to the annual the University initiative. In collaboration presentation by a senior student Australian Coral Reef Society with the student body and the at the annual meeting of the conference at the National Marine University’s Environment Manager, Australian Society for Fish Biology. Science Centre in Coffs Harbour, they have begun to take steps ƒƒ Yui Sato was awarded the Best NSW. The program focused on towards greening the Centre office student oral presentation prize developing the students’ research through energy efficiency measures, at the 2nd Asia Pacific Coral Reef and publication skills as well as and an improved recycling program. preparing them for careers in either Symposium in Phuket, Thailand. research or management agencies. Awards to Centre students in ƒƒ Christopher Doropoulos received A range of speakers from the Centre, 2010 include: funding from both the Australian including Bill Leggat, John Pandolfi, ƒƒ Four of the five GBRMPA Science Coral Reef Society (Danielle Tracy Ainsworth, and Jenny Lappin for Management Awards for 2010 Simmons Award) and the Winifred provided an informative day for were awarded to students in the Violet Scott Foundation (Research attendees. The 33 graduate students ARC Centre. These were to Rohan Award) for his PhD research. came from 8 universities across the Brooker, Christopher Goatley, Brynn ƒƒ Claire Reymond received a country as well as from overseas. Devine and Jennifer Donelson, who Student Travel Award from the was also a winner in 2009. ARC Cushman Foundation to attend A professional writing workshop, held Centre winners of the 2009 awards the International Symposium on at the Australian National University delivered lectures to a GBRMPA Foraminifera in Bonn, Germany. was arranged for students on 6th audience during the year. October 2010. A total of 30 students ƒƒ Joe Pollock was awarded a Sir from the Centre attended. This ƒƒ James Fang was the 2010 winner Keith Murdoch Fellowship by the workshop provided an opportunity of the International Society for Reef Australian American Association. He for students with all levels of writing Studies (ISRS) Graduate Fellowship was also the recipient of a Rottnest ability to hone their writing skills, for Coral Reef Ecosystem Research. Island Authority Research Grant for with activities including cover letters, ƒƒ Chia-Miin Chua, Naomi Gardiner, his work on coral diseases. abstracts, and manuscript structure. Rebecca Lawton and Joe Pollock ƒƒ The Virginia Chadwick Awards are Students also exchanged draft all received travel grants from the awarded to five ARC Centre of manuscripts to gain editing experience. Australian Coral Reef Society to Excellence graduate students for

34 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES the most outstanding publications Bongaerts, Alicia Crawley, Joe the success of the ARC Centre. in peer-reviewed international Pollock and Yui Sato. Members of the committee during journals. The research must The ARC Centre would like to the year were Tom Brewer (Chair), be published in Excellence in acknowledge the Student Committee JCU; Alicia Crawley, UQ; Anne Leitch, Research Australia (ERA) A* or A for their valuable contribution during CSIRO/JCU; Juan Pablo D’Olivo, ranked journals and each attracts 2010. Along with Olga Bazaka, our ANU; Christina Hicks, JCU; Ian a prize of $1,000. The winners for graduate student co-ordinator, they McLeod, JCU; Chun (James) Hong 2010 were Vanessa Adams, Pim make an invaluable contribution to Tan, JCU.

Trends in the ARC Centre’s training activities 2005 to 2010

200 2005 180 2006 160 2007 140 2008 2009 120 2010 100 80

Number of students 60 40 20 0 Postgraduate Multi-Institutional Graduates/Honours Completions Supervisors students enrolled

The ARC Centre’s international network of graduate students. In 2010, 120 overseas students came from 42 countries

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 35 2010 Student members of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies

Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Rene Abesamis JCU, Silliman Philippines Demographic connectivity of reef fish Prof G Russ, University populations in the Philippines. (PhD) Prof G Jones Vanessa Adams JCU USA Incorporating economic factors into Prof R Pressey, systematic conservation planning. (PhD) Prof T Hughes Siham Afatta UQ Indonesia Resilience studies of Indonesian coral Dr K Anthony, reefs: ecological and social assessments Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg in Karimunjawa National Park. (MPhil)

Bridie Allan JCU New Zealand Predator-prey interactions under a CO2 rich Dr M McCormick, environment. (MAppSc) Prof P Munday Campbell Allen UQ Australia Australia eco-informatic tools for coral reef Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg ecology. (MSc awarded) Jorge Alvarez-Romero JCU Mexico Cross-system threats and competing Prof R Pressey, values in coastal and marine conservation Dr N Ban, Dr J Kool planning: an integrated land-sea approach to prioritize conservation actions in the Gulf of California. (PhD) Shelley Anthony JCU, AIMS USA White Syndrome Disease and colony Prof B Willis mortality in captive Indo-Pacific corals. (PhD) Stephen Ban JCU Canada Spatial responses of coral reef Prof R Pressey, ecosystems to climate change and Dr N Graham, associated stressors. (PhD) Prof S Connolly Lissa Barr UQ, JCU Australia Measuring the effectiveness of marine Prof R Pressey protected areas. (PhD) Christopher Bartlett JCU USA Emergence, evolution and outcomes Dr J Cinner of marine protected areas in Vanuatu - implications for social-ecological governance. (PhD awarded) Andrew Bauman JCU USA The ecology and dynamics of coral Dr M Pratchett, reef communities in marginal reef Dr A Baird environments. (PhD) Brian Beck UQ, JCU USA Palaeoecological dynamics of coral Prof J Pandolfi, communities in the South Pacific. (PhD) Prof S Connolly Roger Beeden JCU New Zealand How healthy is the Great Barrier Reef in a Prof B Willis warming world? (PhD) Victor Beltran-Ramirez JCU Mexico Molecular aspects of the fluorescent Prof D Miller, protein homologues in Acropora millepora. Prof D Yellowlees, (PhD awarded) Prof M van Oppen Dorothea Bender UQ Germany Impacts of climate change and ocean A/Prof S Dove, acidification on coral reef turf algae (PhD) Dr G Diaz-Pulido Duan Biggs JCU, CSIR South South Africa Resilience of reef-based tourism to climate Prof T Hughes, Africa, Emory change and disturbance. (PhD) Dr J Cinner University USA, University of Canterbury NZ Sandra Binning ANU Canada Phenotypic plasticity in coral reef fish Dr C Fulton ecomorphology. (PhD) Shane Blowes JCU Australia Territoriality, competition, and coexistence Prof S Connolly, of butterflyfishes. (PhD) Dr M Pratchett Teressa Bobeszko JCU Australia The role of carbonic anhydrase in the coral- Dr W Leggat, dinoflagellate symbiosis. (PhD) Prof D Yellowlees Lynda Boldt JCU Australia Symbiodinium photosynthetic genes Dr W Leggat, and the effect of varying environmental Prof D Yellowlees conditions on photosynthetic processes. (PhD) Roberta Bonaldo JCU Brazil The ecosystem role of parrotfishes on Prof D Bellwood, coral reefs. (PhD awarded) Prof S Connolly Pim Bongaerts UQ Netherlands Bathymetric patterns of genetic variation Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg in the coral-algal symbiosis. (PhD awarded)

36 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Mary Bonin JCU USA Causes and consequences of habitat Prof G Jones, specialization in coral reef fish Dr G Almany communities. (PhD) Madeleine Bottrill UQ, JCU United Evaluating the effectiveness of Prof R Pressey Kingdom conservation planning: when do plans work. (PhD) Tom Brewer JCU, UQ Australia A multi-scale analysis of the social Prof T Hughes, causes of coral reef resource decline, Prof R Pressey, and management response, in Solomon Dr J Cinner, Islands. (PhD) Dr S Foale, Prof J Pandolfi Rohan Brooker JCU New Zealand Habitat specialisation and its Prof G Jones, consequences for a corallivorous filefish. Prof P Munday (PhD) Michael Cappo JCU, AIMS Australia Development of a baited video technique Prof M Kingsford and spatial models to explain patterns of fish biodiversity in inter-reef waters. (PhD awarded) Alexandra Carter JCU Australia The effects of no-take zoning, region Dr M McCormick, and year on reproductive output of the Prof G Russ common coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus. (PhD) Jordan Casey JCU USA Modelling the effects of apex predator Prof S Connolly declines on coral reef trophodynamics. (PhD) Paulina Cetina-Heredia JCU, AIMS Mexico Modelling physical and biological Prof S Connolly processes driving larval transport and supply in reef systems. (PhD) Neil Chan JCU, UQ Malaysia Modelling the effects of pH, temperature Prof S Connolly, and flow on calcification of reef corals. Dr K Anthony (PhD) Rowan Chick JCU Australia Stock enhancement of local populations Prof M Kingsford of blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra leach) in New South Wales, Australia. (PhD awarded) Karen Chong-Seng JCU Seychelles The mechanistics of regeneration in coral Dr N Graham, reef ecosystems. (PhD) Prof D Bellwood, Dr M Pratchett Chia-Miin Chua JCU Malaysia Effects of elevated temperature and Dr A Baird, increased acidity on the early life history of Dr W Leggat, coral. (PhD) Prof T Hughes Tara Clark UQ Australia Dating and mapping historical changes Prof J Pandolfi in Great Barrier Reef coral communities. (PhD) Philippa Cohen JCU Australia The contribution of locally-managed Dr S Foale, marine areas to food security of Solomon Prof T Hughes Islands. (PhD) Darren Coker JCU, DEC in WA, New Zealand The role of live coral in moderating key Dr M Pratchett, AIMS ecological processes for coral reef fishes. Dr N Graham (PhD) Andrew Cole JCU, DEC in WA Australia The effect of chronic fish predation on Dr M Pratchett, scleractinian corals. (PhD) Prof G Jones Amy Coppock JCU United Experimental evaluation of olfactory cues Prof G Jones Kingdom in the settlement of coral reef fishes. (MAppSc) Melissa Cowlishaw JCU Australia Determinants of home range and territorial Prof G Jones, behaviour in coral fishes: roles of body Dr M McCormick size, habitat structure and population density. (PhD) Peter Cowman JCU Ireland Dating the evolutionary origins of trophic Prof D Bellwood novelty in coral reef fishes. (PhD) Alicia Crawley UQ Australia The synergistic effect of rising ocean A/Prof S Dove, temperature and acidification on coral reef Dr S Dunn ecosystems. (PhD)

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 37 Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Vivian Cumbo JCU, AIMS Australia Thermal tolerance in corals: the role of the Dr A Baird, symbiont. (PhD) Prof M van Oppen, Prof T Hughes Christopher ANU Australia Ecological energetics of coral reef Dr C Fulton, Cvitanovic butterflyfishes. (PhD) Dr M Pratchett Kathryn Danaher JCU Australia Oceanography and the condition of Prof M Kingsford plankton. (PhD) Sana Dandan UWA Denmark Resilience of coral reef communities Prof M McCulloch and coral metabolism in extreme environmental conditions. (PhD) Jaclyn Davies JCU USA Influence of topography on use of sensory Dr M McCormick modes in risk assessment. (MAppSc) Thalia de Haas JCU Netherlands Genetic structures and patterns of Prof G Jones Amphiprion melanopus within the central, south-eastern part of the Indo-Australian archipelago. (MAppSc) Andrea de Leon ANU Australia Palaeoceanographic records of the Prof M McCulloch Southern Ocean: insights from the boron composition of biogenic silica. (PhD) Brynn Devine JCU USA Effects of ocean acidification on habitat Prof P Munday, selection in fish. (MSc) Prof G Jones Ayax Diaz-Ruiz UQ Mexico The use of coral associated fauna as Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg, indicators of coral health. (PhD) Prof J Pandolfi Danielle Dixson JCU USA Use of olfactory cues for settlement site Prof P Munday, selection in coral reef fishes. (PhD) Prof G Jones, Dr M Pratchett Jennifer Donelson JCU, CSIRO Australia Climate change and the future for coral Prof P Munday, reef fishes: potential for acclimation and Dr M McCormick adaptation. (PhD) Christopher UQ Australia Climate change effects on the recruitment Dr Guillermo Diaz-Pulido Doropoulos and succession of algae and corals from the Great Barrier Reef. (PhD) Maxi Eckes UQ Germany How do coral reef fish protect themselves A/Prof S Dove from solar ultraviolet radiation? (PhD awarded) Udo Engelhardt UQ Australia Community-level ecological responses of Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg coral reef biota to mass coral bleaching events. (PhD) Kar-Hei (James) Fang UQ , UWA Hong Kong, Effects of climate change and A/Prof S Dove, China eutrophication on the Indo-Pacific Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg excavating sponge Cliona orientalis Thiele (PhD) Pepito (Sonny) ANU, JCU Philippines Political engagements in marine protected Dr S Foale Fernandez area governance in northeastern Liloilo, Philippines. (PhD) Rebecca Fox JCU United Ecosystem function of rabbitfishes Prof D Bellwood Kingdom (F:Siganidae) on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (PhD) Matthew Fraser JCU Australia Egg predation at tropical reef fish Dr M McCormick, spawning aggregation sites: trade-offs for Prof G Jones fitness. (PhD awarded) Naomi Gardiner JCU Australia Habitat specialisation niche overlap and Prof G Jones site fidelity in a vulnerable family of coral reef fishes - the cardinal fish (Apogonidae). (PhD awarded) Chris Goatley JCU United The ecological role of sediments on coral Prof D Bellwood Kingdom reefs. (PhD) Luis Gonzalez JCU, Griffith Mexico Mechanisms of stress inhibition of Dr M McCormick Reynoso University reproduction in fish. (PhD) Alonso Gonzalez- JCU Mexico Cryptobenthic reef fish ecology in the Prof D Bellwood Cabello Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (PhD)

38 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Benjamin Gordon JCU, AIMS Australia The metabolome of Symbiodinium Dr W Leggat phylotypes and their coral hosts. (PhD). Erin Graham JCU USA Energetics of coral larvae and its Prof B Willis, implications for dispersal. (PhD) Prof S Connolly, Dr A Baird Jessica Haapkyla JCU, AIMS Finland Impacts and drivers of coral disease in Prof B Willis Indo-Pacific reefs. (PhD) Andrew Halford JCU Australia Disturbance effects on tropical reef fish Prof G Jones assemblages at large spatial and temporal scales. (PhD awarded) David Harris UQ Australia Ecology of high latitude populations of Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg Pomacentrus coelestis. (PhD) Hugo Harrison JCU, University France Larval recruitment dynamics and the Prof G Jones, of Perpignan genetic structure of coral reef fish Prof G Russ, Dr S Planes populations in marine protected networks. (PhD) Tom Heintz JCU France The impact of growth anomalies on Prof B Willis growth and reproduction of corals. (MAppSc) Christina Chemtai JCU United The interplay between economic Prof T Hughes, Hicks Kingdom values and societal settings in coral reef Prof R Pressey, governance. (PhD) Dr J Cinner Jean-Paul Hobbs JCU Australia Reef fishes on isolated islands: community Prof G Jones, structure, endemism and extinction. (PhD Prof P Munday awarded) Jennifer Hodge JCU USA Evolution and speciation processes in coral Prof D Bellwood reef fishes. (PhD) Andrew Hoey JCU Australia The ecosystem role of macroalgal Prof D Bellwood, browsing fishes on coral reefs. (PhD Prof G Russ awarded) Thomas Holmes JCU Australia Processes and mechanisms of predatory Dr M McCormick interactions on newly settled reef fish. (PhD awarded) Vera Horigue JCU, University Philippines Scaling-up to form marine protected Prof R Pressey, of the Philippines area networks: the role of institutional Dr S Foale collaborations and coordination of initiatives in the Philippines. (PhD) Emily Howells JCU, AIMS Australia Genetic resilience of Symbiodinium Prof B Willis, populations: the role of coral Dr L Bay, endosymbionts in reef adaptation to Prof M van Oppen climate change. (PhD) Lotte Huisman JCU, University Netherlands Combined effect of warming and ocean Dr A Moya, of Amsterdam acidification on early life stages of corals. Prof D Miller (MSc) Matthew Jankowski JCU United Influence of reef aspect and depth on the Prof G Jones Kingdom distribution of coral reef fishes. (MAppSc) Stephanie JCU USA Systematic conservation planning for Prof R Pressey Januchowski fresh waters in the Wet Tropics bioregion Queensland Australia (PhD) Fraser Januchowski- JCU United Biological mechanisms of customary Prof G Russ, Hartley Kingdom management of Melanesian coral reefs Dr N Graham , and their consequences for the reef fish Dr J Cinner community. (PhD) Jacob Johansen JCU Denmark Energetics of habitat choice in Prof G Jones, planktivorous coral reef fishes. (PhD) Prof D Bellwood Charlotte Johansson JCU, AIMS Sweden Managing coral reefs: the importance Prof D Bellwood of working with functional groups to conserve ecosystem resilience. (PhD) Jung Ok Kang ANU Korea Anthropogenic increase of atmospheric Prof M McCulloch carbon dioxide, ocean acidification and global warming: implications for long-term changes in the calcification rate of coral reefs. (PhD)

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 39 Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s James Kerry JCU England Functional role of corals on coral reefs. Prof D Bellwood (MAppSc) Brent Knack JCU Australia Cell adhesion factors in Cnidarians. (PhD) Prof D Miller, Dr W Leggat Narinratana UQ Thailand The taxonomy and systematics of the Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg Kongjandtre coral genus Favia from Thai waters. (PhD awarded) Joleah Lamb JCU, AIMS USA Identifying and managing impacts and Prof B Willis, drivers of coral disease associated with Prof G Russ reef-based recreational activities. (PhD) Angela Lawton UQ USA The effects of micro-scale variation on Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg, the photosynthetic productivity of the A/Prof S Dove symbiotic algae of reef building corals. (PhD) Rebecca Lawton JCU, KAUST New Zealand Geographic variation in the ecology of Dr M Pratchett, butterflyfishes and resilience to large scale Dr L Bay, disturbances. (PhD) Prof T Hughes Carine Lefèvre JCU France Ecological aspects of small cryptic fish on Prof D Bellwood the Great Barrier Reef (PhD) Anne Leitch JCU, CSIRO Australia Social resilience to climate change: the Prof T Hughes adaptive capacity of local government. (PhD) Anais Kimberley Lema JCU, AIMS Mexico Nitrogen fixing bacteria associated with Prof B Willis corals of the Great Barrier Reef. (PhD) Tove Lemberget JCU Norway Importance of body condition and growth Dr M McCormick, to larval survival of a Caribbean lizardfish. Prof G Jones (PhD) Raechel Littman JCU, AIMS USA The dynamics of bacterial populations Prof B Willis associated with corals and the role of bacterial pathogens in coral bleaching. (PhD) Adrian Lutz JCU, AIMS Switzerland Coenzyme Q and plastoquinone redox Prof D Miller, balance as a physiological determinant of Prof M van Oppen oxidative stress in coral algal symbiosis. (PhD) Matt Lybolt UQ USA Causes of change in coastal ecosystems: Prof J Pandolfi past, present and future. (PhD) Jeffrey Maynard University of USA Climate change processes affecting coral Dr K Anthony Melbourne, UQ reef ecology. (PhD awarded) Dominique McCowan JCU USA Bleaching susceptibility of corals: a Dr M Pratchett, hierarchy of causes and consequences. Dr A Baird, (PhD) Prof T Hughes Ian McLeod JCU New Zealand Influence of temperature on the early life Prof G Jones, history of coral reef fishes. (PhD) Dr M McCormick Amelie Menchenin JCU France Early life history of Epinephelus quoyanus Prof G Jones, (MAppSc) Prof G Russ Luiz-Felipe Mendes- JCU, AIMS Brazil Trophic controls on development and Prof M Kingsford de-Gusmao nucleic acid indices in tropical planktonic copepods. (PhD awarded) Vanessa Messmer JCU France From genes to ecosystems: patterns, Prof G Jones, processes and consequences of declining Prof P Munday, biodiversity in coral reef fish communities. Dr S Planes (PhD awarded) Rachael Middlebrook UQ Australia Determining thermal threshold dynamics A/Prof S Dove, and variability in reef building corals. (PhD) Dr K Anthony, Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg Gabrielle Miller JCU Australia The interacting effects of ocean Prof P Munday, acidification and increasing temperature Dr M McCormick on a coral reef fish. (PhD) Morena Mills JCU Brazil Implementation opportunity in systematic Prof R Pressey, conservation planning. (PhD) Dr N Ban, Dr S Foale

40 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Matthew Mitchell JCU United Antipredator defence through chemical Dr M McCormick Kingdom alarm cues - how common amongst tropical marine fishes? (PhD) Roshni Narayan UQ Canada Holocene to recent changes in the benthic Prof J Pandolfi foraminifera communities of subtropical Moreton Bay, Queensland and potential indicators for monitoring sediment/water quality in estuarine environments. (PhD) Crystal Neligh JCU USA Links between metabolism, growth and Dr M McCormick performance. (MAppSc) Jessica Nowicki JCU USA Interactive effects of increased Prof P Munday temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations on foraging behaviours of juvenile coral reef fishes. (MAppSc) Daisie Ogawa JCU USA Synergistic effects of ocean acidification Dr W Leggat, and elevated temperature on carbon- Prof D Yellowlees concentrating mechanisms and energy transfer in the coral holobiont. (PhD) Juan Carlos Ortiz UQ Venezuela Eco-physical dynamics of the Heron Island Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg coral reef. (PhD awarded) Juan Pablo D’Olivo ANU Mexico Environmental and climate variability in Prof M McCulloch seawater pH reconstructed from Boron isotopes in corals from the Pacific Ocean. (PhD) Allison Paley JCU, AIMS USA Colour polymorphism and thermal Prof B Willis, resilience in the coral Acropora millepora Prof M van Oppen, on the Great Barrier Reef. (PhD) Dr L Bay Caroline Palmer JCU, Newcastle United Biological mechanisms of coral immunity. Prof B Willis University Kingdom (PhD) Christine Pam JCU Australia The global discourse of climate change Dr S Foale and small island states. (PhD) F. Joseph Pollock JCU, AIMS, USA Phylogeny of the coral pathogen Vibrio Prof B Willis College of coralliilyticus and the development of Charleston (SC, a qPCR-based diagnostic assay for its USA) detection. (MSc ) Mary Portwood JCU USA Influence of marine protected areas on Prof G Jones invertebrate communities. (MAppSc) Eneour Puill-Stephan JCU, AIMS France Chimerism and allorecognition in the Prof B Willis, broadcast spawning coral Acropora Prof M van Oppen millepora on the Great Barrier Reef. (PhD) Paola G Rachello- UQ Italy Historical changes in marine molluscan Prof J Pandolfi Dolmen assemblages from subtropical Moreton Bay Marine Park, Queensland (Australia). (PhD) Jean-Baptiste JCU, AIMS France Coral-associated bacteria and their role in Prof B Willis Raina the biogeochemical cycle of sulphur. (PhD) Ana Redondo- UQ Spain Implications of climate change for the Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg Rodriguez oceanography of the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem. (PhD awarded) Alejandro Reyes JCU Colombia Cellular mechanisms of coral calcification. Prof D Miller (PhD awarded) Maria Catalina Reyes- UQ Colombia The role of climate change on carbonate A/Prof S Dove, Nivia dissolution processes by microborers. Dr G Diaz-Pulido, (PhD) Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg Claire Reymond UQ, AIMS Australia Historical ecology and experimental Prof J Pandolfi biology of foraminifera from the inshore Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (PhD) Zoe Richards JCU, AIMS Australia Rarity in the coral genus Acropora: Prof D Miller, implications for biodiversity conservation. Prof B Willis, (PhD awarded) Prof M van Oppen Alma Ridep-Morris JCU Palau Dynamics of coral diseases on Palauan Prof B Willis, reefs and the role of marine protected Prof G Jones areas in mitigating their impacts. (MSc)

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 41 Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Jairo Rivera Posada JCU Colombia Pathogenesis in crown-of-thorns starfish Dr M Pratchett, (Acanthaster planci). (PhD) Prof T Hughes, Dr T Ainsworth Dominique Roche ANU Canada Bio-physical coupling of predator-prey Dr C Fulton interactions in coral reef fishes (PhD) George Roff UQ United Historical ecology of coral communities Prof J Pandolfi, Kingdom from the inshore Great Barrier Reef, Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg Australia. (PhD awarded) Agnes Rouchon JCU Reunion Experimental evaluation of olfactory cues Prof G Jones in the clownfish Amphiprion polymnus. (MAppSc) Pablo Saenz-Agudelo JCU, University Colombia Estimating connectivity in coral reef fish Prof G Jones, of Perpignan populations: a tool for understanding Dr S Planes stability and resilience of marine ecosystems. (PhD) Yui Sato JCU, AIMS Japan Ecology and biology of black band disease Prof B Willis in the scleractinian coral, Montipora. (PhD) Shio Segi ANU, JCU Japan ‘Pinning our hope on the seas’: Dr S Foale conservation, resource depletion and livelihood in a Philippine fishing village. (PhD) Francois Seneca JCU, AIMS, ANU Monaco The molecular stress response in the Indo- Prof D Miller, Pacific model scleractinian coral, Acropora Prof M van Oppen millepora. (PhD awarded) Michael Short JCU Australia The recovery of coral reefs following ship Prof B Willis, grounding disturbances. (MSc) Prof G Jones Dylan Simonson JCU USA An alternative method for estimating Prof G Russ, fishing effort: assessing derelict fishing Dr D Williamson gear in the Palm Islands, Australia. (MAppSc) Jennifer Smith JCU Canada Influence of patch dynamics on coral reef Prof G Jones, fishes on the southern Great Barrier Reef. Dr M McCormick (PhD) Brigitte Sommer UQ Australia Dynamics and conservation of subtropical Prof J Pandolfi coral communities of eastern Australia under climate change. (PhD) Jessica Stella JCU USA Climate impacts on coral-associated Prof G Jones, invertebrates. (PhD) Dr M Pratchett, Prof P Munday Jill Sutton ANU Canada Southern ocean nutrients and climate Prof M McCulloch change: insights from isotopic and elemental signatures of diatoms and sponges. (PhD) Chun Hong Tan JCU Malaysia Environmental controls and evolutionary Dr A Baird, constraints on growth and reproduction in Dr M Pratchett, corals. (PhD) Dr L Bay Alifereti Tawake JCU, CSIRO, USP Fiji Livelihood benefits of adaptive co- Dr S Foale management of hand collectable fisheries in the Torres Strait and Fiji. (PhD) Michelle Templeman JCU Australia The role of jellyfish in cycling contaminants Prof M Kingsford in the marine environment and their utility as biomonitors. (PhD) Loic Thibaut JCU, Université France Resilience in coral reef and model Prof S Connolly, Pierre et Marie ecosystems. (PhD) Prof T Hughes Curie Gergely Torda JCU, AIMS Hungary Assessment of ecological connectivity in Prof M van Oppen, corals: implications for their recovery from Prof B Willis major perturbations and their potential to adapt to climate change. (PhD) Melanie Trapon JCU France Variation in population dynamics of reef- Dr M Pratchett, building corals along the Great Barrier Dr A Baird Reef. (PhD)

42 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Country of ARC Centre Student University Thesis Title Origin Supervisor/s Lubna Ukani JCU India Characterisation of DNA methylation Dr W Leggat systems in Acropora and other lower animals. (PhD) Svetlana Ukolova JCU Russia Characterisation of the Wnt signalling Prof D Miller, system in Acropora. (PhD) Dr W Leggat Annamieke Van Den UQ Australia Characterisations of genes, proteins, A/Prof S Dove, Heuvel and the regulatory pathways involved Dr W Leggat, in nitrogen uptake and the assimilation Prof D Yellowlees in Acropora aspera and its symbiont Symbiodinium sp. (PhD) Cameron Veal UQ Australia Meso-and micro-scale light fields around Prof O Hoegh-Guldberg, shallow coral reefs. (PhD awarded) Dr K Anthony, A/Prof S Dove Ana Cecilia Villacorta JCU Peru Determinants of selective mortality during Dr M McCormick, Rath the early life history of Spratelloides Dr M Meekan delicatulus in the northern Great Barrier Reef. (MSc) Piero Visconti JCU, University Italy Addressing new challenges in dynamic Prof R Pressey, La Sapienza, conservation planning. (PhD) Dr N Ban Rome, Italy Marcelo Visentini JCU, Smithsonian Brazil Morphological and molecular systematics Prof D Miller Kitahara Institute of scleractinian corals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa), with emphasis on deep-water species. (PhD) Stefan Walker JCU Australia Phenotypic plasticity across natural-and Dr M McCormick, sexual-selection gradients in a reef fish. Prof P Munday (PhD awarded) Patricia Warner JCU, AIMS USA Reproductive ecology and population Prof B Willis, genetic approaches to assessing Prof M van Oppen connectivity of the brooding coral, Seriatopora hystrix. (PhD) Rebecca Weeks JCU United Developing marine protected area Prof G Russ, Kingdom networks in the Philippines: reconciling Prof G Jones regional-scale planning with community- based implementation. (PhD awarded) Yvonne Weiss JCU Germany The immune system of Acropora Prof D Miller, millepora: identification and Dr W Leggat, characterisation of candidate genes. (PhD) Dr T Ainsworth Colin Wen JCU Taiwan Recruitment hotspots and their role in Prof G Jones, the ecology and management of large Dr M Pratchett, exploited predatory fishes. (PhD) Dr G Almany Amelia Wenger JCU USA Effects of sedimentation and turbidity on Prof G Jones, planktivorous fishes. (MSc) Dr M McCormick Laura Woodings JCU Australia Variation in gene expression, growth, and Prof B Willis, lipid content between colour morphs of Dr L Bay Acropora millepora. (MAppSc) Erika Woolsey JCU USA Reefs on the edge: coral biogeography Dr A Baird and larval ecology in a warming ocean. (PhD) Huibin Zou JCU China The characterisation of selenium Prof D Miller, containing protein families in coral Dr T Ainsworth Acropora millepora. (PhD)

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 43 Pip Cohen

MEDIA ARTICLE – Postgrad: The Weekend Australian – 4-5 September 2010 Saving the Seas Researchers have learned to act local to save coral reefs, reports Cheryl Jones.

raditional practices such as taboos on the harvesting will have implications for the entire Coral Triangle, is focusing of some species are among methods being assessed on policy, institutions and governance. by James Cook University researcher Pip Cohen in a “I’m looking at advances that local communities have made Tstudy on the conservation of Solomon Islands fisheries. in managing their reefs,’’ she says. Cohen is one of several PhD candidates at the Australian “I’m interested in the interplay of locally driven human Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies impacts and the global drivers that affect the marine system, working at the boundary of the ecological and social sciences. things that may be beyond the control of local communities Her work is aimed at helping marine ecosystems in the “Coral on the ground, such as potential impacts of climate change. Triangle’’ and the societies that depend on them withstand environmental shocks. “I’m not just interested in the threats that cause biological damage, but also how changes in demography, culture and The Coral Triangle is a region of high biodiversity and society can affect the way people manage or use the resources, conservation value spanning the Solomon Islands, Papua particularly the fisheries.’’ New Guinea, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Coral reefs are big sources of food and income in Cohen wants to find out the best way to integrate local the developing countries. fisheries management with national conservation policy. Reefs will be hit hard by global warming as rising ocean Halfway through her three-year program, she has been temperatures increase coral bleaching. They also face “the interviewing residents, government officials and aid workers other carbon dioxide problem’’. Ocean acidification due to to assess the effectiveness of local management initiatives. rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is expected to send “Many governments in the Coral Triangle have recognised ocean chemistry awry. that local action with strong community involvement is Organisms such as coral, which use calcium carbonate in critical, especially in the conservation of subsistence fisheries,” seawater to build their exoskeletons, are expected to be she says. affected, with impacts rippling through marine ecosystems. One strategy has been the reinforcement of traditional Overfishing and coral disease are other threats. And the run- Melanesian conservation practices. “In some cases, the off of nutrients and sediments is a mounting problem in the harvesting of species is banned,’’ Cohen says. “In others, a Solomons as forestry and mining intensify and the islands certain area is closed or a fishery is closed at certain times.’’ become increasingly urbanised amid fast population growth, One success story is the back-up of the traditional management Cohen says. of the slow-growing giant clam with a community education “There are associated problems and opportunities to do with campaign on the life cycle of the species. reef governance and stewardship over resources,’’ she says. Cohen is investigating the role of locally managed marine Article reproduced with thanks to The Weekend Australian areas in the food security of the Solomons. The work, which newspaper and Cheryl Jones.

Photo © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com 44 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Photo Aurélie Moya

Symposium 2010

In October this year, the ARC Centre undertook 3 major latest science on understanding and managing coral reef events: a 2-day symposium, a public forum and an biodiversity was a feature of the symposium. exhibition at the National Museum of Australia. Robyn Williams, presenter of ABC’s Science Show, Our annual symposium was held in association with the hosted a highly successful Public Forum in the National Australian Academy of Science and The Royal Society Museum of Australia on the evening of 7th October. A as part of its 350th anniversary celebrations. Over 150 general audience of about 250 people enjoyed a series researchers, students, natural resource managers, policy of short talks by members of the ARC Centre. They are makers and politicians attended the symposium, Coral available online at http://www.coralcoe.org.au/events/ Reefs in a Changing Environment at the Shine Dome symposium2010/public.html. Attendees had the added in Canberra on 7th and 8th October. The Canberra benefit of entrance to the exhibition Exploration and symposium incorporated presentations by members of Endeavour: The Royal Society of London and the South both national academies, the ARC Centre of Excellence Seas celebrating the 350th anniversary of the founding of for Coral Reef Studies, and other invited presenters. the Royal Society of London and its early involvement in exploration and science. Speakers at the symposium addressed a number of the issues critical to coral reefs in the 21st century including: Following the Canberra events, a UK-Australia Frontiers of Science meeting sponsored by The Royal Society ƒƒ The past, current and future development of coral reef and the Australian Academy of Science was held in research in Australia Perth, from 9th-12th October. Seventy future leaders in ƒƒ Understanding and managing coral reef biodiversity marine science (35 early career researchers from each ƒƒ Climate change adaptation and acclimatisation of Australia and the United Kingdom) presented the ƒƒ Ocean acidification latest advances in their fields, learned from each other about research developments in other marine science ƒƒ Coral reef fishes: ecology, conservation and disciplines, and explored opportunities for collaboration. management Two of the Centre’s early career researchers, Australian ƒƒ Conservation planning for sustainable futures. Postdoctoral Fellows Tracy Ainsworth and Natalie Ban, were selected by the Australian Academy of Science 2010 was also the International Year of Biodiversity. Coral to represent Australia on the organising committee reef biodiversity underpins the important functions and for this international meeting. Nick Graham, another services performed by reef ecosystems. Biodiversity Centre-based ARC Australian Postdoctoral Fellow, was is, for instance, critical in sustaining the productivity of selected by the joint organising committee as a speaker the fish stocks which many tropical nations depend in the Macrobiology session on The effects of ocean on for their food security and future development. The acidification on marine ecosystems.

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 45 National and International Linkages

The Centre’s international linkages in 2005 to 2010 All four metrics have shown strong growth 180 Visits Overseas 160 International Engagements 140 International Visitors Multi-Institutional Publications 120

100

80

60

Number of linkages 40

20

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Since its establishment in 2005 The ARC Centre participated in or development, including mitigation there has been a steady growth in hosted 24 international working of poverty and environmental the engagement of the Centre’s groups during 2010. This year degradation, by focusing on human researchers with their international ARC Centre personnel were development and sustainability of colleagues (see graph). This is members of editorial boards for 13 natural capital as a research agenda. exemplified by multi-institutional international journals. The Centre’s Thus PECS aims to link scientific and publications, visits to overseas researchers are major contributors environmental knowledge to society institutions and visitors to all four to intergovernmental organisations and policy. A core element of the nodes of the Centre. The Centre’s such as the International Union for capacity-building strategy for PECS profile is increasingly attracting the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), will be training workshops on core methods for place-based, long-term overseas postgraduate students the World Bank, UNESCO, the social-ecological research. PECS who in 2010 come from 42 different Intergovernmental Panel on Climate will complement existing efforts for countries around the world (see Change (IPCC), and International research, assessment and policy Graduate training, p34). Centre Council for Science (ICSU). for sustainable development. A few personnel are also actively involved in examples are: many international research consortia Some of the ARC Centre’s major international collaborations include: and activities such as consultancies ƒƒ DIVERSITAS (www.diversitas- and end-user engagement. The international.org) projects such as International Society for Reef Studies International Programme on BioSustainability has appointed the ARC Centre Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) Director, Terry Hughes, as the ƒƒ International Geosphere-Biosphere Convener of the next International The International Council for Programme, www.igbp.net/page. Coral Reef Symposium, which will be Science (ICSU), in collaboration with php?pid=113) projects such as UNESCO and the United Nations held in Australia in 2012 (see p.49). Analysis, Integration and Modeling University, has recently completed of the Earth System In 2010, the ARC Centre the planning for a new international produced 151 publications with interdisciplinary programme on ƒƒ International Human Dimensions cross-institutional co-authorship ecosystem change and human Programme (IHDP, www.ihdp.unu. wellbeing. ARC Centre Director, (compared to 88 in 2006), involving edu) projects such as Earth System Terry Hughes has been appointed researchers from 391 institutions Governance and Urbanization and to the PECS Science Committee. in 75 countries. The ARC Centre Global Environmental Change The goal of PECS, the Program on hosted 91 international visitors Ecosystem Change and Society, ƒƒ Observation programs such of from 21 countries, and Centre is to understand transformations GEOSS (www.earthobservations. personnel traveled to 25 countries. toward or away from sustainable org/geoss.shtml)

46 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES ƒƒ Existing global research networks The Stockholm Resilience Centre six international organisations in the such as UNESCO’s Man and In 2007, the ARC Centre of USA, Canada and Europe. Results Biosphere Programme, the CGIAR Excellence for Coral Reef Studies from an earlier joint working group on network of partners and research signed a Memorandum of adaptive management of fisheries, in Santiago, Chile, were published projects on agriculture food Understanding with the newly established Stockholm Resilience in 2010 as the cover article in production and natural resource Centre (SRC) to cooperate and Proceedings of the National Academy management. collaborate in areas of mutual interest of Sciences. in research. This new international The Nature Conservancy (TNC) centre advances trans-disciplinary The WorldFish Center The Nature Conservancy, the world’s research for governance of social- Established in 1977 as the largest non-profit conservation ecological systems with a special International Center for Living Aquatic Organisation, and the ARC Resources Management (ICLARM), Centre, signed a Memorandum of emphasis on resilience - the ability The WorldFish Center re-named and Understanding in 2008. It cements to deal with change and continue to established its new headquarters in a growing level of engagement develop. The SRC is a joint initiative Penang, Malaysia in 2000. WorldFish between the two organisations between Stockholm University, the have regional or country offices involving projects in numerous Stockholm Environment Institute and in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Egypt, countries. The TNC depends on the Beijer International Institute of Malawi, Malaysia, the Philippines, sound scientific knowledge to Ecological Economics at The Royal Solomon Islands, and Zambia. In accomplish its mission, and works Swedish Academy of Sciences. 2009, James Cook University and closely with the Centre on many The ARC Centre Director, Terry The WorldFish Center established fronts. For example in 2010, Future Hughes, is a Fellow and Board a Memorandum of Understanding Fellow Glenn Almany was seconded member of the Beijer Institute. to build new collaborative links. In from the Centre’s JCU node to As part of the agreement, Orjan 2010, WorldFish researchers Dedi TNC’s Brisbane office, to work - Bodin, Albert Norström, Magnus Adhuri, Eddy Allison, Neil Andrews, with TNC researcher Alison Green Nyström and Per Olsen visited the and Nireka Weeratunge visited the and her teams in Melanesia - on ARC Centre’s node in Townsville in ARC Centre and engaged in multiple reef connectivity and the design 2010, while Terry Hughes, Natalie workshops and working groups. of networks of coral reef marine Ban, Joshua Cinner, Louisa Evans, David Mills, a senior researcher at protected areas in the Coral Triangle Nick Graham and Christina Hicks WorldFish will be in residence at region. The TNC and Program 6 also worked in Stockholm during the ARC Centre from the end of Leader, Bob Pressey, also undertook the year. The ARC Centre and SRC 2010, and Neil Andrew has joined ongoing collaborations in 2010, held a joint working group meeting the Centre’s Advisory Board. Several focusing on conservation planning on trans-boundary governance in of the ARC Centre’s researchers, and seascape approaches to coastal the sea, in the Baltic Sea in June. notably Louisa Evans, Bob Pressey management in the Bismark Sea and Led by Terry Hughes, the working and Simon Foale have begun new elsewhere in the Coral Triangle. group included members from the collaborative projects with WorldFish Australian and Swedish Centres, The in the Solomon Islands and elsewhere WorldFish Center in Penang, and in the Coral Triangle region.

Overseas Visiting Researchers In 2010, more than 90 international visitors were hosted by one or more nodes of the ARC Centre, or attended working group meetings organized by the Centre.

Visitors to the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies in 2010

Visitor Organisation Country Visitor Organisation Country Dr Dedi Adhuri The WorldFish Center Malaysia Prof Tom Baumiller University of Michigan USA Ms Rebecca Albright University of Miami USA Dr Örjan Bodin Stockholm Resilience Sweden Centre Prof Perry Alino University of Philippines Philippines Dr Bertrand Cazalet University of Perpignan France Dr Edward Allison The WorldFish Center Malaysia Prof Allen Chen Biodiversity Research Taiwan Dr Matar Hamed United Arab Emirates United Arab Centre Al-Neyadi Boundary Affairs Emirates Prof Douglas University of Canada Dr Neil Andrew The WorldFish Center Malaysia Chivers Saskachewan Dr Derek Armitage University of Waterloo Canada Dr Beatrice Crona Stockholm Resilience Sweden Prof Jelle Atema Boston University USA Centre Mr Scott Atkinson Conservation International Indonesia Mr Vasilis Dakos Wageningen University Netherlands Ms Rhona Barr London School of United Kingdom Dr Muriel de Boar University of Amsterdam Netherlands Economics Dr Jennifer DeBose Smithsonian Marine USA Station, Fort Pierce

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 47 Visitor Organisation Country Visitor Organisation Country Dr Paolo Domenici Istituto per l’Ambiente Italy Dr Nova Marine Biological United Kingdom Marino Costiero Mieszkowska Association Mr Jonathan Kua Singapore Economic Singapore Prof David Mouillot University of Montpellier II France Development Board Dr Aurélie Moya European Fellowship from France Ms Priyanka Jain Singapore Economic Singapore the Marie Curie Development Board Dr Albert Norström Stockholm University Sweden Ms Emily Peh Singapore Economic Singapore Development Board Dr Magnus Nyström Stockholm University Sweden Dr Maud Ferrari University of California- USA Ms Elise Olivieri New York science fellow USA Davis Dr Per Olssen Stockholm Resilience Sweden Dr Joana Figueiredo Foundation for Science Portugal Centre and Technology Dr Henrik Österblom Stockholm Resilience Sweden Prof Carl Folke Beijer Institute of Sweden Centre Ecological Economics Dr Lucie Penin Perpignan University France Dr Samuel Gameda Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Prof Robert University of Connecticut USA Dr Claire Garrigue Operation Cetaces New Caledonia Pomeroy Prof Gabi Gerlach Oldenburg University Germany Ms Julie Pouliquen Biovision 2010 project France Dr Mario Giordano Università Politecnica Italy Dr Kaddour Raissi French Embassy France delle Marche Dr J Murray Roberts Heriot-Watt University United Kingdom Prof Marion Glaser Bremen University Germany Ms Franciska Rosen Stockholm Resilience Sweden Dr Tatjana Good Swiss National Science Sweden Centre Foundation Dr Jodie Rummer City University of Hong Hong Kong Dr Chris Gregory University of Manchester United Kingdom Kong, University of British Columbia British Columbia Prof Lance Emory University USA Gunderson Prof Marten Scheffer Wageningen University Netherlands Prof Hui Huang South China Sea Institute China Dr Stephen Bristol University United Kingdom of Oceanology Simpson Ms Chantal Huijbers Radboud University Netherlands Mr Jointly Sisiolo Ministry of Environment, Solomon Islands Conservation and Ms Lotte Huisman University of Amsterdam Netherlands Meteorology Ms Sabine Jessen Canadian Parks and Canada Dr Michael Stat Hawaii Institute of Marine USA Wilderness Society and Biology Simon Fraser University Prof John University of Copenhagen Denmark Dr Jaap Kaandorp University of Amsterdam Netherlands Steffensen Dr Sally Keith Bournemouth University United Kingdom Dr Michael Steinke University of Essex United Kingdom Prof Chris Langdon University of Miami USA Prof Bob Steneck University of Maine USA Dr Pierre Leenhardt University of Perpignan France Prof Noreen Tuross Harvard University USA Dr Jen-Sheng Lian South China Sea Institute China Ms Ingrid van de Wageningen University Netherlands of Oceanology Leemput Mr Roger Longhorn Global Spatial Data United Kingdom Dr Egbert van Nes Wageningen University Netherlands Infrastructure Association, Legal and Socioeconomic Dr Shang-Yin National Taiwan Taiwan Committee and Vanson Liu University, Institute of Information Policy Advisor Oceanography to EUCC Dr Tonny Wagey University of Pattimura, Indonesia Prof Yossi Loya Tel Aviv University Israel Ambon and Agency for Marine and Fisheries Mr Alexander Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Research Makini Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Prof Robert Warner University of California USA Meteorology Dr Nireka The WorldFish Center Philippines Dr Wayne Mapp Minister of Research New Zealand Weeratunge Science and Technology Dr Gangjian Wei Guangzhou Institute of China Ms Paula Marris Small Steps Big Ideas United Kingdom Geochemistry Mr Tia Masolo Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Dr Joerg University of United Kingdom Ministry of Environment, Wiedenmann Southampton Conservation and Meteorology Dr Marian Wong Boston University USA Dr Mikhail Matz University of Texas USA

48 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Photo © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com

International Coral Reef Symposium 2012

The ARC Centre and James Cook University are proud Science and Technology, National Oceanic and Atmospheric to host the 12th International Coral Reef Symposium Administration, and the Queensland Government. (ICRS 2012) in Cairns, Australia from 9 – 13 July 2012. The ICRS is the world’s largest and most important coral The plenary speakers and their talk titles were announced reef meeting. Held every 4 years, it brings together coral at the end of 2010: reef scientists, educators, graduate students, resource ƒƒ Denis Allemand managers and policy makers. The 12th ICRS is expected to Centre Scientifique de Monaco attract approximately 2,500 delegates from 80 countries Coral calcification: from cell physiology to ocean to the Cairns Convention Centre, an award-winning venue. acidification ƒƒ Ove Hoegh-Guldberg ICRS 2012 will provide the international science University of Queensland community with a platform to increase global Coral reefs and global change: where do the knowledge and interest in coral reefs, as well as the solutions lie? opportunity to showcase innovative science, and the ƒƒ Jamaluddin Jompa latest developments in coral reef conservation and Hasanuddin University management. Activities at ICRS 2012 will include a Scientific and management challenges in conserving comprehensive science program, a trade exhibition, and the reefs in the Coral Triangle region field trips both before and after the Symposium to the Great Barrier Reef, utilising Heron Island, Lizard Island and ƒƒ Geoff Jones Orpheus Island Research Stations. Exciting and culturally James Cook University significant Australian social events and the Symposium Marine reserves: importance of local connectivity for banquet will provide additional networking opportunities fish, fishers and fisheries for delegates to develop collaborations and partnerships ƒƒ Peter Kareiva to increase international capacity in coral reef research, The Nature Conservancy education and environmental management. ICRS 2012 Just how fragile are coral reefs? – it depends will attract an extensive international media contingent, ƒƒ Jane Lubchenco and the ARC Centre expects to host some 60 journalists, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration whose stories will increase awareness of coral reef From science to policy: using science to inform coral science across the world. reef conservation and management ƒƒ Helene Marsh The ARC Centre established an Executive Committee James Cook University for the Symposium in 2009 (chaired by the Symposium Conserving coral reef megafauna Convenor, Terry Hughes), linked to sub-committees responsible for fundraising (led by David Yellowlees), and ƒƒ Madeleine van Oppen for developing the scientific program (chaired by Terry Australian Institute of Marine Science, Done). The committee membership for organising the Can old corals learn new tricks? Symposium includes representatives from 10 countries. The Symposia program will be announced before July We sincerely thank everyone who has volunteered their 2011, when the call for talk and poster abstracts will expertise and support so far. commence. Registration will be open from July 2011.

In 2010, the Symposium’s website at www.icrs2012. For further information on the Symposium, contact: com was further developed to receive >120 submissions Eliza Glasson, Conference Coordinator for mini-symposia, and to announce the Symposium’s ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies plenary speakers and other developments. This year was James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia also a busy one for fundraising – we are very grateful for Ph: 61-747-814844 major sponsorship received so far from the Australian Fax: 61-747-813015 Institute for Marine Science, the King Abdullah University of email: [email protected]

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 49 Media and Public Outreach

The ARC Centre engages with the theme, Coral Reefs in a Changing Queensland Scientists in Schools wider community through the media Environment. These videos range program, including Nick Graham and through a diverse array of public from short, highly topical presentations who delivered an interactive talk awareness activities. As part of on issues of interest to the general to students of Hermit Park State our communications strategy, the public to longer videos showcasing School, in Townsville during April. Centre has developed a robust media the latest, leading-edge science for a As part of the same scheme, presence in consultation with Julian scientifically informed audience. Line Bay designed and operated Cribb and Associates, our media advisor. an information booth on reef Examples of other outreach science for students and parents In 2010, Centre personnel activities include: at Mundingburra State School, in participated in more than 40 public ƒƒ More than twenty public talks were Townsville during September. In outreach events and programs, delivered by Centre researchers April, Mike Kingsford contributed reaching audiences locally, nationally in Australia and overseas in 2010. to the Melbourne Careers Expo. In and internationally. The Centre held For instance, Philip Munday May, Glenn Almany presented to its 2-day national symposium Coral spoke at the Victoria Museum, year 11 and 12 students at Papitolai Reefs in a Changing Environment Mike Kingsford at the Townsville State School, Manus Island, Papua in Canberra on 7th – 8th October. Maritime Museum, and Sean New Guinea. John Pandolfi spoke Events included a sold-out and Connolly at the Southbank to students and teachers at Ironside highly successful public forum at the Convention Centre, Townsville. State School, Brisbane in August. National Museum of Australia, hosted Malcolm McCulloch contributed ƒƒ At the invitation of the Virginia by Robyn Williams, presenter of to a public forum Climate Change Chadwick Memorial Foundation, ABC’s Science Show (see p.45). and Skepticism, and presented two in August, Janice Lough, Garry other talks as part of the University The Centre’s website caters for Russ and Terry Hughes presented of Western Australia’s public multiple audiences, providing talks to concert-goers at the lecture series, while Terry Hughes information, access to resources, annual Australian Festival of presented at a community forum research services, and downloads of on Aland Island, Finland. Chamber Music. research, teaching and educational ƒƒ Joshua Cinner and Terry Hughes ƒƒ Australian business leaders were materials and tools. The site received presented invited talks at the briefed by Ove Hoegh-Guldberg at 5.7 million web hits in 2010, a three- American Association for the the Great Barrier Reef Foundation’s fold increase over the past 3 years. Advancement of Science (AAAS) weekend retreat on Lizard Island in The ARC Centre has also developed Symposium, in San Diego, which May. In June, recreational fishers a new website for the upcoming 12th generated significant media were presented with research International Coral Reef Symposium, coverage, including Science, Nature findings by David Williamson in which we will convene in Cairns in and on the BBC World Service. Cairns, Mossman and Tully, while July 2012 (see p.49). The symposium Kenyan fishermen were consulted website was launched in March, ƒƒ Activities aimed at school children in a series of community meetings and generated 400,000 web hits were held throughout the year. convened by Joshua Cinner in August. before the close of the year. We have Among these was an address by also branched out into social media Ove Hoegh-Guldberg in January to ƒƒ In Papua New Guinea, Glenn to promote the symposium, with the National Youth Science Forum Almany led a series of discussions information on the symposium also in Canberra, while Mariana Fuentes with local communities that own, available through Twitter and Facebook. presented her insights on turtle manage and depend on coral reefs biology to primary school children about the vulnerability of spawning The Centre’s highly popular webinar on Murray Island in the Torres fish aggregations to over-fishing, series continued in 2010 with the Strait Islands. Centre researchers and the value of marine protected addition of 35 new talks under the continue their involvement with the area networks for sustainable fisheries.

50 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Examples of the Centre’s 2426 Townsville Bulletin, Climate of The Sydney Morning Herald, Iconic media stories in 2010. scepticism, 10/4/10, M McCulloch coral species the most vulnerable, 17/8/10, C Palmer In 2010, the ARC Centre produced The Australian, Triumph in the tropics, 27 media releases, generating 2426 21/4/10, T Hughes, V Horique Reuters, Soaring temps cause mass coral killing in Indonesia: study, media stories that reached local, Climate IMC International, Ocean 17/8/10, A Baird national and international audiences. Acidification is threatening marine Examples include: ecosystems, 4/5/10, O Hoegh- Science Daily, How Corals Fight Back, Guldberg 19/8/10, C Palmer, B Willis Telegraph.co.uk, Fishing ban regenerates Australia’s Great Sun Herald, Report: Oceans’ ABC Online, Infant coral mortality as Barrier Reef, 22/2/10, L McCook deteriorating health nearing high as 90pc: researchers, 25/8/10, irreversible’, 4/7/10, O Hoegh- L Penin Sun Herald, Marine reserves ‘a Guldberg success’ – scientists, 22/2/10, Weekend Australian, Fishing for L McCook, J Cinner News Track India, Global warming answers, 4/9/10, P Cohen could lead small fish to engage in Phys.Org.com, Call to heal the ABC News, Public education seen ‘risky’ business, 5/7/10, P Munday, world’s coral reefs, 8/10/10, as key to marine parks’ success, G Jones 23/2/10, J Cinner T Hughes, P Mumby Los Angeles Times, Oceans’ growing China Daily, Scientists say Asia’s BBC World Service, Marine reserves carbon dioxide levels may threaten corals hit by die-out, 20/10/10, restore fish stocks on the Great coral reef fish, 6/7/10, P Munday Barrier Reef, 23/2/10, T Hughes A Baird 7.30 Report, ABC TV, Reef The Australian, Marine ‘dead zones’ Science Show, GBR fish respond to predictions add impetus to parks on the rise, 1/12/10, O Hoegh- fishing ban, 27/2/10, T Hughes plan, 9/7/10, O Hoegh-Guldberg Guldberg, M McCormick R&D Magazine, Ancient corals hold Bio Medicine, Turtle, dugongs ‘at risk Australian Maritime Digest, Call to new hope for reefs, 2/3/10, under climate change’, 10/7/2010, curb reef runoff, 1/12/10, J Pandolfi M Fuentes M McCulloch. The Sydney Morning Herald, Sharks, Japan Herald, Oz scientist discovers rays like a bit of pampering, 8/3/10, world’s rarest coral in Pacific, M Kingsford 31/7/10, Z Richards

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 51 FELLOWSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS

ConfrontingFellowships global threats Fellowships“ Sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to marine mega-fauna to climate change because they lay in Northern Australia their eggs on beaches

Continued from page 6… that are prone to increasing sea levels, storm surges and cyclonic activity.” – Dr Mariana Fuentes

Juvenile Green Turtle swimming on the reef at Bonegi in the Solomon Islands. Photo courtesy Simon Foale. Dr Fuentes measuring and tagging a green turtle with the help of a Torres Strait Islander on Bramble Cay in the Torres Strait. Photo courtesy Dr Mariana Fuentes.

 The Australian Research Council’s (ARC) Super “Now reef managers responsible for stewardship of marine Torres Strait Islanders to help them conserve their culturally The research is a world first, and will lead to the Science Fellowship scheme is assisting world-first research resources face the added challenge of coping with the effects important megafauna. identification of priorities for management for the that will lead to the identification of priorities for of climate change.” Dr Fuentes recently wrote a book for Torres Strait children conservation of turtles and dugongs. In particular, it will managing the conservation of marine mega-fauna in Dr Fuentes’ research includes undertaking a risk assessment Myrtle’s battle against climate change. Myrtle is, of course, develop a vulnerability assessment framework for multiple Northern Australia. of how climate change will affect green turtles. a turtle! This book has been distributed to Grade 7 children species to investigate the cumulative impact of climate on sea turtle nesting rookeries and dugong feeding grounds. Twenty Australian institutions are currently recruiting the “Sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to climate change in the local school campuses of the Torres Strait where it will It will focus on which cost-effective strategies can be used best and brightest young researchers to work on exciting and because they lay their eggs on beaches that are prone to be used as an educational tool for teachers. to minimise the impact of climate change. important science projects under the ARC’s Super Science increasing sea levels, storm surges and cyclonic activity,” Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Fellowship scheme. These young researchers will play an she said. Studies, Professor Terry Hughes, said the Centre was One strategy to combat increasing temperature at nesting important role in boosting Australia’s research efforts in areas sites might be the erection of shelters on nesting beaches, to “One of the major effects of climate change will be on the delighted to have Dr Fuentes as a Super Science Fellow. of significant science endeavour. At James Cook University, shade the sand and ensure the hatching eggs include enough gender balance of the turtle population. The sex ratio of “Her research project will be critical to managing population five new Super Science Fellows will be focused on marine and males to sustain the turtle population. hatchlings is sensitive to temperature, and a warmer climate of mega-fauna in the northern Great Barrier Reef and climate science. will increase the number of females in the population. There Torres Strait.” Professor Marsh said this research will help place Australia at The northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait region is the forefront of understanding and responding to the regional is the potential for low-cost strategies to minimise increasing The Fellowship will be undertaken in collaboration the dugong and turtle “capital of the world”. Nowhere else on scale impacts of global-warming on tropical societies and temperatures at the nesting sites, and my research will focus with Professors Helene Marsh and Bob Pressey, who the planet is there such large populations of these important economies. on developing ways to protect eggs and nesting sites. have extensive experience with marine megafauna and species, which are globally threatened. The response of these “One of the predicted features of climate change is an conservation planning. “Knowledge-based management of biodiversity will result in iconic mega-fauna species to climate change and other human increase in sea level and the severity of tropical storms in environmental, social and economic benefit to Australia and influences is the subject of a new ARC Super Science Fellowship the northern Great Barrier Reef—these have the potential to other tropical maritime nations.” by Dr Mariana Fuentes in the ARC Centre of Excellence for destroy nesting sites and to adversely influence annual nesting This project is one of five Super Science Fellowships awarded Coral Reef Studies, headquartered at James Cook University. which overlaps with the cyclone season. to the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at Dr Fuentes, who has moved to Australia from Brazil, said “Extreme weather events also damage the seagrass habitats James Cook University. The others focus on commercially that the northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait are where dugong feed, causing the animals to move away important reef fishes on the Great Barrier Reef; the capacity home to three turtle populations; the green, hawksbill and or delay breeding, neither of which is good for the local of both corals and fish to acclimatise and adapt to climate the flatback turtles. indigenous peoples,” Dr Fuentes said. change; and, using genomic studies to investigate the short “The resilience of these species to climate change is already and long-term response of corals to climate change. Dugongs and turtles have spiritual and social importance to compromised by reductions in their population sizes due Australia’s indigenous peoples. The Super Science Fellowship to impacts such as bycatch in nets, hunting, and pollution. will build on Dr Fuentes’ extensive experience working with For more information contact Dr Mariana Fuentes [email protected] or visit www.coralcoe.org.au At James Cook University, five new Super Science Fellows The cover to Dr Fuentes’ school book on turtles targeted at Torres Strait will be focused on marine and climate science. school children.

52 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Discovery • Spring 2010 • Page 8 Discovery • Spring 2010 • Page 9

Discovery4.indd 8-9 4/01/11 3:30 PM FELLOWSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS

ConfrontingFellowships global threats Fellowships“ Sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to marine mega-fauna to climate change because they lay in Northern Australia their eggs on beaches

Continued from page 6… that are prone to increasing sea levels, storm surges and cyclonic activity.” – Dr Mariana Fuentes

Juvenile Green Turtle swimming on the reef at Bonegi in the Solomon Islands. Photo courtesy Simon Foale. Dr Fuentes measuring and tagging a green turtle with the help of a Torres Strait Islander on Bramble Cay in the Torres Strait. Photo courtesy Dr Mariana Fuentes.

 The Australian Research Council’s (ARC) Super “Now reef managers responsible for stewardship of marine Torres Strait Islanders to help them conserve their culturally The research is a world first, and will lead to the Science Fellowship scheme is assisting world-first research resources face the added challenge of coping with the effects important megafauna. identification of priorities for management for the that will lead to the identification of priorities for of climate change.” Dr Fuentes recently wrote a book for Torres Strait children conservation of turtles and dugongs. In particular, it will managing the conservation of marine mega-fauna in Dr Fuentes’ research includes undertaking a risk assessment Myrtle’s battle against climate change. Myrtle is, of course, develop a vulnerability assessment framework for multiple Northern Australia. of how climate change will affect green turtles. a turtle! This book has been distributed to Grade 7 children species to investigate the cumulative impact of climate on sea turtle nesting rookeries and dugong feeding grounds. Twenty Australian institutions are currently recruiting the “Sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to climate change in the local school campuses of the Torres Strait where it will It will focus on which cost-effective strategies can be used best and brightest young researchers to work on exciting and because they lay their eggs on beaches that are prone to be used as an educational tool for teachers. to minimise the impact of climate change. important science projects under the ARC’s Super Science increasing sea levels, storm surges and cyclonic activity,” Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Fellowship scheme. These young researchers will play an she said. Studies, Professor Terry Hughes, said the Centre was One strategy to combat increasing temperature at nesting important role in boosting Australia’s research efforts in areas sites might be the erection of shelters on nesting beaches, to “One of the major effects of climate change will be on the delighted to have Dr Fuentes as a Super Science Fellow. of significant science endeavour. At James Cook University, shade the sand and ensure the hatching eggs include enough gender balance of the turtle population. The sex ratio of “Her research project will be critical to managing population five new Super Science Fellows will be focused on marine and males to sustain the turtle population. hatchlings is sensitive to temperature, and a warmer climate of mega-fauna in the northern Great Barrier Reef and climate science. will increase the number of females in the population. There Torres Strait.” Professor Marsh said this research will help place Australia at The northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait region is the forefront of understanding and responding to the regional is the potential for low-cost strategies to minimise increasing The Fellowship will be undertaken in collaboration the dugong and turtle “capital of the world”. Nowhere else on scale impacts of global-warming on tropical societies and temperatures at the nesting sites, and my research will focus with Professors Helene Marsh and Bob Pressey, who the planet is there such large populations of these important economies. on developing ways to protect eggs and nesting sites. have extensive experience with marine megafauna and species, which are globally threatened. The response of these “One of the predicted features of climate change is an conservation planning. “Knowledge-based management of biodiversity will result in iconic mega-fauna species to climate change and other human increase in sea level and the severity of tropical storms in environmental, social and economic benefit to Australia and influences is the subject of a new ARC Super Science Fellowship the northern Great Barrier Reef—these have the potential to other tropical maritime nations.” by Dr Mariana Fuentes in the ARC Centre of Excellence for destroy nesting sites and to adversely influence annual nesting This project is one of five Super Science Fellowships awarded Coral Reef Studies, headquartered at James Cook University. which overlaps with the cyclone season. to the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at Dr Fuentes, who has moved to Australia from Brazil, said “Extreme weather events also damage the seagrass habitats James Cook University. The others focus on commercially that the northern Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait are where dugong feed, causing the animals to move away important reef fishes on the Great Barrier Reef; the capacity home to three turtle populations; the green, hawksbill and or delay breeding, neither of which is good for the local of both corals and fish to acclimatise and adapt to climate the flatback turtles. indigenous peoples,” Dr Fuentes said. change; and, using genomic studies to investigate the short “The resilience of these species to climate change is already and long-term response of corals to climate change. Dugongs and turtles have spiritual and social importance to compromised by reductions in their population sizes due Australia’s indigenous peoples. The Super Science Fellowship to impacts such as bycatch in nets, hunting, and pollution. will build on Dr Fuentes’ extensive experience working with For more information contact Dr Mariana Fuentes [email protected] or visit www.coralcoe.org.au At James Cook University, five new Super Science Fellows The cover to Dr Fuentes’ school book on turtles targeted at Torres Strait school children. Article in Discovery Newsletter, Spring 2010 reproduced will be focused on marine and climate science. with thanks to the Australian Research Council.

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 53 Discovery • Spring 2010 • Page 8 Discovery • Spring 2010 • Page 9

Discovery4.indd 8-9 4/01/11 3:30 PM National Benefit Case Study 1

Adaptive Management of the Great Barrier Reef Australia’s coral reefs are highly that cannot be fully understood at Sample 2010 publications: profitable resources. Tourism small scales. The Centre continues Babcock, RC, Shears, NT, Alcala, AC, and fisheries on the Great Barrier to develop innovative approaches Barrett, NS, Edgar, GJ, Lafferty, Reef World Heritage Area alone to “scaling up” studies, and to KD, McClanahan, TR and Russ, contribute $5.9 billion annually to making research more relevant for GR (2010). Decadal trends in the nation’s economy, and provide managing sustainable resources. marine reserves reveal differential employment for 63,000 people (www. With knowledge of the mechanisms rates of change in direct and accesseconomics.com.au/reports/gbrmp. operating at regional to global scales, indirect effects. Proceedings of pdf). Globally, the welfare of 500 restoration and effective maintenance the National Academy of Sciences million people is closely linked to the of biodiversity across national borders 107(43): 18256-18261. goods and services provided by coral is an achievable goal. For example, reef biodiversity. The ARC Centre knowledge-based management of Edwards, HJ, Elliott, IA, Pressey, undertakes cutting edge research biodiversity that takes better account RL and Mumby, PJ (2010). and the development of technological of the diversity of ecological roles Incorporating ontogenetic tools that are highly relevant for played by coral reef species will dispersal, ecological processes and conservation, management and result in environmental, social and conservation zoning into reserve development of coral reef resources economic benefit to Australia and design. Biological Conservation world-wide. other tropical maritime nations. 143(2): 457-470. Hughes, TP, Graham, NAJ, Jackson, Zoning for multiple levels of usage A key output in 2010 for several JBC, Mumby, PJ and Steneck, RS and protection has become the research programs within the ARC (2010). Rising to the challenge of principal mechanism of management Centre has been completion of an sustaining coral reef resilience. of Australia’s maritime resources. invited synthesis paper published Trends in Ecology & Evolution An improved understanding of in the Proceedings of the National 25(11): 633-642. marine connectivity (the flux of Academy of Sciences. This study, led organisms, genes, nutrients, by Laurence McCook, summarizes McCook, LJ, Ayling, T, Cappo, M, pollutants etc between locations) the ecological, social and economic Choat, JH, Evans, RD, De Freitas, and of barriers to dispersal is central effects and effectiveness of the DM, Heupel, M, Hughes, TP, to this endeavour. The Great Barrier marine reserve network on the Great Jones, GP, Mapstone, B, Marsh, Reef Marine Park was re-zoned Barrier Reef. A large collaborative H, Mills, M, Molloy, FJ, Pitcher, in 2004 to create a new network effort, with 21 co-authors including CR, Pressey, RL, Russ, GR, of marine reserves, providing the 9 ARC Centre scientists, this Sutton, S, Sweatman, H, Tobin, R, opportunity to rigorously test the paper compiled a very broad range Wachenfeld, DR and Williamson, environmental consequences of of information, including a large DH (2010). Adaptive management these new management approaches. amount of new results. The analysis of the Great Barrier Reef: a globally The ARC Centre’s research informs shows that there are more, bigger significant demonstration of the tourism and fisheries industries, fish inside marine reserves, with benefits of networks of marine governments and NGOs, and probable benefits for fisheries reserves. Proceedings of the domestic and overseas development due to larval spill-over. The zoning National Academy of Sciences and environmental agencies, on how provides some protection to groups 107(43): 18278-18285. to manage, sustain and benefit from like sharks and dugongs, although Pollnac, R, Christie, P, Cinner, JE, coral reefs. Managing corals reefs they still urgently need other, Dalton, T, Daw, TM, Forrester, GE, proactively, in anticipation of future complementary protection. Social Graham, NAJ and McClanahan, uncertainty is a key unifying theme in surveys demonstrate that a large TR (2010). Marine reserves as all of the Centre’s research programs. majority of people, including fishers, linked social-ecological systems. This research places Australia in understand the need to protect the Proceedings of the National the forefront of understanding and reef environment with measures like Academy of Sciences 107(43): responding to the regional-scale this. Finally, but importantly, the paper 18262-18265. impacts of overfishing, pollution and provides one of the first economic global warming on tropical societies analyses for the GBR marine reserve Visconti, P, Pressey, RL, Segan, and economies. network, and finds that a healthy DB and Wintle, BA (2010). Great Barrier Reef generates far Conservation planning with Many critical management issues more economic benefit to Australia dynamic threats: the role of spatial are broad-scale phenomena (e.g. than the cost of protecting it. design and priority setting for depleted fish stocks, habitat species’ persistence. Biological fragmentation, global warming) Conservation 143(3): 756-767.

54 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA ARTICLE – 21 February 2010 Marine Reserves Help Fish Recover by Erik Stokstad

AN DIEGO—When fisheries have plummeted or decline of megafauna,” said co-author Terry Hughes, a coral collapsed, one approach to fix the situation is to set reef biologist at James Cook University, Townsville. These up a marine reserve where fishing is banned. The species migrate in and out of the park boundaries, so there is Sidea is to provide relief to stressed fish stocks by providing a proposal to extend the park east into the Coral Sea. safe habitat where fish can reproduce, and then spread out. What makes a marine reserve successful? Taking a broad But banning fishing when a fishing industry is already look at 56 marine reserves around the world, Joshua Cinner struggling can be controversial. Yesterday and tomorrow, of James Cook University in Australia examined the social at two sessions here at the annual meeting of the American and economic factors. The number of people living near the Association for the Advancement of Science (which reserves played a big role in some cases. In the Caribbean, publishes ScienceNOW), researchers presented new data reserves near large populations tended to have less fish that marine reserves help fish recover. relative to unprotected areas than did reserves that were more remote. But the opposite was true in the Western Indian Jennifer Caselle, a biologist from University of California, Ocean. It’s not clear why, but one reason could be that people Santa Barbara, provided a local example of success. In 2003, tend to move to places with healthy marine reserves so that the state of California set up a network of 12 marine reserves they can fish nearby. near Los Angeles and banned fishing in more than 488 square kilometers. By monitoring the area before and after, Caselle and Another factor related to successful marine reserves was, her colleagues found that over 5 years there were 50% more blue as expected, compliance with fishing restrictions. And that rockfish and other species targeted by fishing inside reserves tended to be associated not just with enforcement, but more than outside, and that their biomass was 80% higher. There complicated social dynamics such as how well people work was no change in species that people don’t eat, suggesting that together and participate in research and management. “In fishing restrictions were responsible for the recovery. areas where people work together to invest in their resources, we saw less poaching inside marine reserves,” Cinner said in a Another success story comes from Australia, which created statement. “To get high levels of compliance with reserve rules, the first large marine reserve in the Great Barrier Reef Marine managers need to foster the conditions that enable participation Park in 1975. After a major die-off of coral, the government in reserve activities, rather than just focusing on patrols.” decided in 2003 to rezone the park and increased the proportion of no-take areas from less than 5% to 32%. Many The results of these and related papers also appear tomorrow fish species quickly doubled in size and numbers. Biomass in a special issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of coral trout, for example, doubled within 2 years, after of Sciences. fishing was banned on heavily fished reefs. Fears of a collapse of recreational fishing in the park proved unfounded. The From Stokstad, E (2010) Marine Reserves Help Fish researchers, led by Laurence McCook of the Great Barrier Reef Recover. Science Now. http://news.sciencemag.org/ Marine Park Authority, in Townsville, found that the number sciencenow/2010/02/marine-reserves-help-fish-recover.html of fishing licenses continued to rise after the rezoning. Reprinted with permission from AAAS But not everything is rosy, especially for large animals such as turtles and dugongs, whose populations continue to drop. “The biggest failure of the Great Barrier Reef park is the Science NOW

Photo Simon Foale 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 55 National Benefit Case Study 2

Climate Change The impacts of climate change on to several key breakthroughs in research undertaken by Ove coral reefs have been documented understanding how coral reefs respond Hoegh-Guldberg and colleagues for over 25 years beginning with to climate change, and importantly has demonstrated that ocean the observation that elevated sea how management can mediate acidification, resulting from higher

water temperatures contribute to those responses. For example, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the increased incidence of coral Philip Munday, Geoff Jones and their affects photorespiration and the bleaching. While the science behind graduate students have detailed the metabolic productivity of corals. bleaching remains a major focus effects of ocean acidification on coral of research, interest has expanded reef fish larvae and juveniles, including The ARC Centre’s expertise in dramatically to other aspects of impairment of their abilities to home climate change was recognised with climate change on coral reefs and the in on reef habitat, and to identify and the award of 9 ARC Super Science associated goods and services they avoid predators. Fellowships to the Centre’s nodes provide. The ARC Centre has been at at James Cook University (5), the the global forefront of this research. Climate change is a crucial University of Queensland (2) and consideration in management and the University of Western Australia ISI Essential Science Indicators conservation planning decisions. (2). This will ensure that climate recently analysed 28,000 publications Therefore, a major focus of Program change and its effect on coral reefs on Climate Change Research, ranking 6 is investigating options for will continue to be a major focus for institutions, scientists and journal incorporating climate change into research within the ARC Centre. articles over the decade ending June conservation planning research. 2009. Four of the ARC Centre’s For example, future management Sample 2010 publications: researchers figure prominently in this actions need to anticipate dynamic Munday, PL, Dixson, DL, McCormick, analysis: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Terry threats such as species migrations MI, Meekan, M, Ferrari, MCO and Hughes, John Pandolfi and Janice and climate shocks associated with Chivers, DP (2010). Replenishment Lough. James Cook University, climate change (Visconti et al. 2010). of fish populations is threatened by primarily due to members of the ARC ocean acidification. Proceedings of Centre, ranked 2nd in the world on Programs 5 and 7 have contributed the National Academy of Sciences the basis of citations per paper. Three significantly to our understanding of 107(29): 12930-12934. of the most cited papers of the past the socio-economic consequences Hoegh-Guldberg, O and Bruno, JF decade were authored by one or of climate change on coral reefs. (2010). The impact of climate more Centre members. In dealing with these issues, a change on the world’s marine more productive way forward is to ecosystems. Science 328(5985): All Research Programs of the ARC harness new theoretical insights and 1523-1528. Centre include climate change in empirical information on why some their research profile. Understanding reefs degrade and others do not Dixson, DL, Munday, PL and Jones, how coral reefs are responding to (Hughes et al. 2010). This approach GP (2010). Ocean acidification the ongoing effects of both climate contributes to our understanding disrupts the innate ability of fish and other environmental changes is of how to avoid undesirable phase- to detect predator olfactory cues. a major objective being addressed shifts, and how to reverse them Ecology Letters 13(1): 68-75. by Program 1. A multi-faceted when they occur resulting in the Hughes, TP, Graham, NAJ, Jackson, approach is being followed, not reform of scientific approaches, JBC, Mumby, PJ and Steneck, RS only using direct observations from policies, governance structures and (2010). Rising to the challenge of modern reefs but also examining coral reef management. sustaining coral reef resilience. how reefs have evolved and changed Trends in Ecology & Evolution over timescales ranging from a Achieving a deeper understanding 25(11): 633-642. few decades and years to many of the impact of climate change Palmer, CV, Bythell, JC and Willis, thousands of years. This research is on corals at a physiological and BL (2010). Levels of immunity of growing importance because it is molecular level is also central to parameters underpin bleaching and now becoming increasingly clear that Programs 4 and 8. For example, disease susceptibility of reef corals. contemporary changes are occurring the incidence of coral diseases has FASEB Journal 24(6): 1935-1946. at a faster pace than anticipated been shown to increase as a result due to the combination of local of climate change. Bette Willis and Visconti, P, Pressey, RL, Segan, environmental impacts and changes her group pioneered this research DB and Wintle, BA (2010). in climate and ocean chemistry, the on the Great Barrier Reef and Conservation planning with latter from rapidly rising levels of have shown for the first time that dynamic threats: the role of spatial design and priority setting for atmospheric CO2. base-line immunity underlies the vulnerability to thermal bleaching species’ persistence. Biological Program 2 research has contributed and disease. On a different tack, Conservation 143(3): 756-767.

56 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES MEDIA RELEASE – 9 October 2010 Call to curb reef run-off

leading earth scientist is calling for intensified Prof. McCulloch said that while much had been done to efforts to curb the runoff of sediment and nutrients control runoff, scientific measurements of water quality were onto Australia’s Great Barrier Reef and other coral not showing any significant decline in sediment or nutrient Aassets, to protect them through a period of unavoidable loads reaching the GBR – and this was a sign that land climate change. management had to go much further. Professor Malcolm McCulloch of the ARC Centre of “It has been well established by scientists at the ARC Centre Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and University of Western that the resilience of GBR corals can be improved by reducing Australia, says that while Australia’s efforts to limit human the impacts of human activity, such as runoff and overfishing impacts on the GBR have been outstanding on a world scale, – and the corals are going to need all the resilience they can recent scientific measurements indicate large amounts of get, to cope with the impacts of higher ocean temperatures sediment and nutrients from the land are still being dumped and acidification. on inshore reefs. “There is not much we can do in the short run to reverse

“Climate change is inexorable, due to the large amount of CO2 either global warming or ocean acidification: one thing we we have already loaded into the atmosphere – so the one area can do something really positive about is water quality.” we can really take effective action to try to protect our coral Professor McCulloch says there is a need for everyone who reefs from the effects of global warming is in how we manage lives in the GBR’s catchments to think about what they do to the land to influence water quality over the reef,” he will the soils and waterways, and to consciously try to reduce to tell a major international scientific symposium in Canberra load of material entering the GBR lagoon. tomorrow. “It’s not only about reducing farm and grazing runoff and soil Professor McCulloch says the GBR is now far better protected loss – it’s also about how we engineer our roads, stormwater than at any previous time in Australian history – but water drains, waterways, buildings and urban areas. It’s about quality measurements indicate there is still a way to go thinking of the downstream consequences whenever we dig in controlling the impact of terrestrial runoff on the reef, up or move soil for whatever reason – and understanding the especially its inshore corals. negative effects these can have on the corals of the reef.” “We also need to take account of the fact that climate change “If communities up and down the length of the GBR were means heavier dumps of rain in the catchments that border to compete with one another to radically improve runoff the GBR and unless our land and river management, farming and water quality locally, it will give the GBR a much methods and engineering works are first class, these more better fighting chance of coping with climate change,” Prof. intense rain events will lead to poorer water quality inshore McCulloch says. and in the GBR lagoon,” he explains.

Photo Simon Foale 2010 ANNUAL REPORT 57 Publications

The ARC Centre of Excellence for Two high-profile clusters of outputs Pressey, Terry Hughes), and now Coral Reef Studies produced 229 in 2010, involved a dozen Centre also in Plant and Animal Science publications in 2010, continuing members: Centre Fellow Maria (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg). the growth in output exhibited Dornelas was co-editor with Anne ƒƒ The Faculty of 1000 Biology since 2005. According to ISI Web Magurran (University of St. Andrews) highlighted ten of the ARC Centre’s of Science, the ARC Centre is the of a 187-page Special Issue of publications for review in 2010. first-ranked institution in the world the Philosophical Transactions ƒƒ ISI Essential Science Indicators for both the number of journal of the Royal Society (B), volume identified one of the Centre’s publications and citations in coral 365, entitled Biological diversity recent Nature articles, on reef science. A Thomson Reuters in a changing world. The Centre planetary boundaries and earth ScienceWatch analysis of climate also contributed three papers to a system dynamics, as a 2010 Hot change research from 1999-2009 74–page Special Feature section in Paper. The paper is led by Johan (http://sciencewatch.com/ana/st/ Proceedings of the National Academy Rockstrom from the Stockholm climate/authors/) also indicates that of Sciences, volume 107, entitled Resilience Centre, and co-authored James Cook University is ranked Marine Reserves (see p.54, GBR by Terry Hughes, Carl Folke and 26 second globally for citations per paper National Benefit Case Study). other colleagues from around the in climate change science (see p.56, world. Climate change case study). Summed citations to members of the ARC Centre of Excellence each ƒƒ ISI Essential Science Indicators The average Impact Factor for all year for 2005-2010 identified five Research Fronts in 197 journal articles published in 2010 2010 that highlight the Centre’s 18000 was 4.12. Fifty-eight of the 2010 research. A Research Front is articles are in journals with Impact 16000 a group of Highly Cited papers, Factors greater than four, including 14000 referred to as core papers, in an top-tier journals such as Science, 12000 emerging topic defined by a cluster Proceedings of the National Academy 10000 analysis. Twenty core papers in of Sciences and Current Biology. 8000 these Research Fronts, including Research outputs in 2010 were 6000 eleven in Science, Nature and

published in a total of 80 journals, 4000 2005 PNAS, were co-authored by ARC Number of citations illustrating the broad focus of the 2000 Centre members Glenn Almany, 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ken Anthony, David Bellwood, Centre’s research programs. 0 Year Joshua Cinner, Sophie Dove, Carl Number of peer-reviewed Folke, Nick Graham, Ove Hoegh- publications by members of the Citations of the Centre’s publications Guldberg, Terry Hughes, Geoff ARC Centre of Excellence each continue to grow, increasing nearly Jones, Mike Kingsford, Laurence year for 2005-2010 3-fold since 2005. Twenty-six McCook, Mark McCormick, Peter researchers were each cited >200 Mumby, Serge Planes, Morgan 250 times in 2010, 11 of the Centre Pratchett, Bob Pressey, Robert 200 members had >500 citations, and 3 Steneck, Shaun Wilson, and Bette had >1000 citations in the 12-month Willis. The five Research Fronts are: 150 reporting period. ƒƒ Global biodiversity conservation 100 League table achievements in ƒƒ Ocean acidification 2010 include: 50 ƒƒ Connectivity and larval dispersal

Number of publications ƒƒ Four Program Leaders in the ƒ

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ƒ Coral bleaching and disease 0 Centre are recognized by ISI as Year ƒƒ Social-ecological resilience and Highly Cited Researchers; in Earth adaptive capacity. Sciences (Malcolm McCulloch), Ecology/Environment (Bob

58 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Publications list

Book Sections (8) [7] Munday, PL, Kuwamura, T and SG, McCulloch, MT, Ayling, BF the Pacific Islands. Marine Kroon, F.J (2010). Bi-directional and O’Leary, MJ (2010). The Policy 34(1): 99-104. [1] Ball, E, de Jong, D, sex change in marine fishes. timing of sea-level high-stands Schierwater, B, Shinzato, pp 241-271. In Reproduction during marine isotope stages [16] Baskett, ML, Nisbet, RM, C, Hayward, D and Miller, and Sexuality in Marine Fishes: 7.5 and 9: constraints from the Kappel, CV, Mumby, PJ D (2010). Cnidarian gene Patterns and Processes. K. S. uranium-series dating of fossil and Gaines, SD (2010). expression patterns and the Cole (Ed.). Hawaii University corals from Henderson Island. Conservation management origins of bilaterality - are Press. Geochimica et Cosmochimica approaches to protecting cnidarians reading the same Acta 74(12): 3598-3620. the capacity for corals to game plan as “higher” [8] Pandolfi, JM (2010). The respond to climate change: animals? pp 197-216. In Key Paleoecology of Coral Reefs. [8] Andersen, S, Vestergaard, M, a theoretical comparison. Transitions in Animal Evolution. pp 13-24. In Coral Reefs: An Ainsworth, T, Hoegh-Guldberg, Global Change Biology 16(4): R. DeSalle and B. Schierwater Ecosystem in Transition. Z. O and Kühl, M (2010). Acute 1229-1246. (Eds.). Science Publishers. Dubinsky and N. Stambler tissue death (white syndrome) (Eds.). Springer, London. affects the microenvironment [17] Bauman, AG, Burt, JA, Feary, [2] Bell, J, Batty, M, Ganachaud, A, of tabular Acropora corals. DA, Marquis, E and Usseglio, Gehrke, P, Hobday, A, Hoegh- Aquatic Biology 10(1): 99-104. P (2010). Tropical harmful algal Guldberg, O, Johnson, J, Le blooms: an emerging threat Borgne, R, Lehodey, P, Lough, Journal Articles (197) [9] Arnold, S, Steneck, R and to coral reef communities? J, Pickering, T, Pratchett, M, Mumby, P (2010). Running the Marine Pollution Bulletin Sheaves, M and Waycott, M [1] Abesamis, R and Russ, G gauntlet: inhibitory effects of 60(11): 2117-2122. (2010). Preliminary assessment (2010). Patterns of recruitment algal turfs on the processes of the effects of climate of coral reef fishes in a of coral recruitment. Marine change on fisheries and [18] Beger, M, Grantham, HS, monsoonal environment. Coral Ecology Progress Series 414: Pressey, RL, Wilson, KA, aquaculture in the Pacific. pp Reefs 29(4): 911-921. 91-105. 451-469. In The Contribution Peterson, EL, Dorfman, of Fisheries to the Economies D, Mumby, PJ, Lourival, [2] Adams, VM, Pressey, RL and of Pacific Island Countries and [10] Babcock, RC, Shears, NT, R, Brumbaugh, DR and Naidoo, R (2010). Opportunity Territories. R. Gillet (Ed.). Asian Alcala, AC, Barrett, NS, Edgar, Possingham, HP (2010). costs: who really pays for Development Bank. GJ, Lafferty, KD, McClanahan, Conservation planning conservation? Biological TR and Russ, GR (2010). for connectivity across Conservation 143(2): 439-448. Decadal trends in marine marine, freshwater, and [3] Figueiredo, J (2010). Tropical reserves reveal differential terrestrial realms. Biological coral reefs. pp 125-132. [3] Adjeroud, M, Fernandez, JM, rates of change in direct and Conservation 143(3): 565-575. In Biodiversity Scenarios: Carroll, AG, Harrison, PL and indirect effects. Proceedings Projections of the 21st Penin, L (2010). Spatial patterns of the National Academy of Century Change in Biodiversity [19] Bellwood, DR, Klanten, S, and recruitment processes Sciences 107(43): 18256- and associated Ecosystem Cowman, PF, Pratchett, of coral assemblages among 18261. Services. P. Leadley, H. Pereira, MS, Konow, N and van contrasting environmental R. Alkemade, J. Fernandez- Herwerden, L (2010). conditions in the southwestern Manjarres, V. Proenca and J. [11] Baird, AH, Kospartov, MC and Evolutionary history of lagoon of New Caledonia. Scharlemann (Eds.). Secretariat Purcell, S (2010). Reproductive the butterflyfishes (f: Marine Pollution Bulletin 61(7- of the Convention on Biological synchrony in Acropora Chaetodontidae) and the rise 12): 375-386. Diversity, Montreal. assemblages on reefs of New of coral feeding fishes. Journal Caledonia. Pacific Science of Evolutionary Biology 23(2): [4] Ainsworth, TD, Thurber, RV 64(3): 405-412. 335-349. [4] Fulton, CJ (2010). The role of and Gates, RD (2010). The swimming in reef fish ecology. future of coral reefs: a microbial pp 374-406. In Fish locomotion: [12] Ball, EE and Miller, DJ (2010). [20] Bennett, S, Verges, A and perspective. Trends in Ecology an eco-ethological perspective. Putting placozoans on the Bellwood, D (2010). Branching & Evolution 25(4): 233-240. P. Domenici and B. Kapoor (phylogeographic) map. coral as a macroalgal refuge in (Eds.). CRC Press. Molecular Ecology 19(11): a marginal coral reef system. [5] Almany, G, Hamilton, R, 2181-2183. Coral Reefs 29(2): 471-480. Williamson, D, Evans, R, [5] Macintyre, M and Foale, S Jones, G, Matawai, M, Potuku, (2010). Countering fish stock [13] Ban, NC, Alidina, HM and [21] Berumen, M, Walsh, H, T, Rhodes, K, Russ, G and depletion through traditional Ardron, JA (2010). Cumulative Raventos, N, Planes, S, Jones, Sawynok, B (2010). Research knowledge, tenure and impact mapping: advances, G, Starczak, V and Thorrold, S partnerships with local use of marine resources relevance and limitations to (2010). Otolith geochemistry communities: two case studies in Papua New Guinea. pp marine management and does not reflect dispersal from Papua New Guinea and 70. In Biocultural Diversity conservation, using Canada’s history of clownfish larvae. Australia. Coral Reefs 29(3): Conservation: A Global Pacific waters as a case study. Coral Reefs 29(4): 883-891. 567-576. Sourcebook. L. Maffi and E. Marine Policy 34(5): 876-886. Woodley (Eds.). Earthscan, [22] Bongaerts, P, Ridgway, T, London. [6] Alva-Campbell, Y, Floeter, SR, [14] Barbosa, M, Dornelas, M Sampayo, E and Hoegh- Robertson, DR, Bellwood, and Magurran, AE (2010). Guldberg, O (2010). DR and Bernardi, G (2010). [6] Macintyre, M and Foale, S Effects of polyandry on male Assessing the ‘deep reef Molecular phylogenetics and (2010). Mining and cultural phenotypic diversity. Journal refugia’ hypothesis: focus on evolution of Holacanthus loss: assessing and mitigating of Evolutionary Biology 23(11): Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs angelfishes (Pomacanthidae). impacts in Papua New Guinea. 2442-2452. 29(2): 309-327. Molecular Phylogenetics and pp 68-69. In Biocultural Evolution 56(1): 456-61. Diversity Conservation: A [15] Bartlett, CY, Maltali, T, [23] Bongaerts, P, Riginos, C, Global Sourcebook. L. Maffi Petro, G and Valentine, P Ridgway, T, Sampayo, EM, and E. Woodley (Eds.). [7] Andersen, MB, Stirling, CH, (2010). Policy implications of van Oppen, MJH, Englebert, Earthscan, London. Potter, EK, Halliday, AN, Blake, protected area discourse in N, Vermeulen, F and Hoegh-

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 59 Guldberg, O (2010). Genetic Kenyan coast. Marine Policy [42] Diaz-Pulido, G, Harii, S, community type. Coral Reefs divergence across habitats 34(1): 22-28. McCook, L and Hoegh- 29(3): 705-715. in the widespread coral Guldberg, O (2010). The Seriatopora hystrix and its [33] Clifton, J, Cullen, LC, impact of benthic algae on the [49] Evans, LS (2010). Ecological associated Symbiodinium. Haapkyla, J and Unsworth, settlement of a reef-building knowledge interactions PLoS ONE 5(5): e10871. RKF (2010). Ensuring coral. Coral Reefs 29(1): in marine governance in appropriate and proportionate 203-208. Kenya. Ocean & Coastal [24] Borsa, P, Pandolfi, M, responses to environmental Management 53(4): 180-191. Andrefouet, S and Bretagnolle, threats: a response to Caras [43] Dixson, DL, Munday, PL and V (2010). Breeding avifauna of and Pasternak. Ocean & Jones, GP (2010). Ocean [50] Evans, RD, van Herwerden, the Chesterfield Islands, Coral Coastal Management 53(11): acidification disrupts the L, Russ, GR and Frisch, AJ Sea: current population sizes, 700-702. innate ability of fish to detect (2010). Strong genetic but trends, and threats. Pacific predator olfactory cues. not spatial subdivision of two Science 64(2): 297-314. [34] Cole, AJ (2010). Cleaning to Ecology Letters 13(1): 68-75. reef fish species targeted by corallivory: ontogenetic shifts fishers on the Great Barrier [25] Brewer, TD (2010). Putting in feeding ecology of tubelip [44] Donelson, JM, Munday, PL, Reef. Fisheries Research census data to work. Science wrasse. Coral Reefs 29(1): McCormick, MI, Pankhurst, 102(1-2): 16-25. 329(5994): 901-902. 125-129. NW and Pankhurst, PM (2010). Effects of elevated [51] Fabinyi, M (2010). The [26] Brooker, RM, Munday, PL [35] Cole, AJ, Pratchett, MS water temperature and food intensification of fishing and Ainsworth, TD (2010). and Jones, GP (2010). availability on the reproductive and the rise of tourism: Diets of coral-dwelling fishes Corallivory in tubelip wrasses: performance of a coral reef competing coastal livelihoods of the genus Gobiodon with diet, feeding and trophic fish.Marine Ecology Progress in the Calamianes Islands, evidence of corallivory. Journal importance. Journal of Fish Series 401: 233-243. Philippines. Human Ecology of Fish Biology 76(10): 2578- Biology 76(4): 818-835. 38(3): 415-427. 2583. [45] Dornelas, M (2010). [36] Connolly, SR and Baird, AH Disturbance and change in [52] Fabinyi, M, Knudsen, M [27] Budd, AF and Pandolfi, JM (2010). Estimating dispersal biodiversity. Philosophical and Segi, S (2010). Social (2010). 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60 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES (2010). Phylogenomics reveals [68] Glas, MS, Motti, CA, Negri, reef fisheries: review and [87] Hobbs, J-PA and McDonald, an anomalous distribution of AP, Sato, Y, Froscio, S, perspectives. Marine Pollution CA (2010). Increased USP genes in metazoans. Humpage, AR, Krock, B, Bulletin 60(9): 1397-1405. seawater temperature and Molecular Biology and Cembella, A and Bourne, decreased dissolved oxygen Evolution 28(1): 153-161. DG (2010). Cyanotoxins are [78] Hanafy, M, Aamer, M, Habib, triggers fish kill at the Cocos not implicated in the etiology M, Rouphael, A and Baird, (Keeling) Islands, Indian [59] Fuentes, M and Abbs, D of coral black band disease A (2010). Synchronous Ocean. Journal of Fish Biology (2010). Effects of projected outbreaks on Pelorus Island, reproduction of corals in the 77(6): 1219-1229. changes in tropical cyclone Great Barrier Reef. Fems Red Sea. Coral Reefs 29(1): frequency on sea turtles. 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[167] Sato, Y, Willis, BL and Ecology Progress Series 416: Symbiodinium spp. in Coral Reefs 29(4): 975-985. Bourne, DG (2010). 35-45. macroalgal microhabitats Successional changes in from the southern Great [194] Welch, DJ, Mapstone, BD, bacterial communities during Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs Davies, CR and Russ, GR the development of black 29(4): 1049-1060. (2010). Spatial and fishing

64 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES effects on sampling gear 262. Proceedings of The Sixth [11] McCormick, MI and Gagliano, [3] Grech, A and Marsh, H (2010). biases in a tropical reef International Conference of M. (2010). Carry-over effects: Condition, trends and predicted line fishery. Marine and Science and the Management the importance of a good futures of dugong populations Freshwater Research 61(10): of Protected Areas. Wolfville, start. pp 305-310. Proceedings in the Great Barrier Reef World 1134-1146. Nova Scotia: Science and of The 11th International Heritage Areas; including an Management of Protected Coral Reef Symposium. Ft. evaluation of the potential [195] Wen, CKC, Pratchett, MS, Areas Association. Lauderdale, Florida. and cost-effectiveness of Shao, KT, Kan, KP and Chan, indicators of the status of these [4] Bhagooli, R, Baird, AH and BKK (2010). Effects of habitat [12] Paris, CB, Aldana-Aranda, populations. Report for Marine Ralph, PJ. (2010). Does the modification on coastal fish D, Perez, MP and Kool, J. and Tropical Sciences Research coral host protect its algal assemblages. Journal of Fish (2010). Connectivity of queen Facility, Cairns. 42 pp. symbionts from heat and Biology 77(7): 1674-1687. conch, Strombus gigas, light stresses? pp 113-117. populations from Mexico. pp [4] Hughes, TP, Bellwood, D, Proceedings of The 11th 439-443. Proceedings of The Pratchett, M, van Oppen, MJ [196] Wilson, SK, Adjeroud, M, International Coral Reef 11th International Coral Reef and Willis, B (2010). Climate Bellwood, DR, Berumen, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, change, understanding the ML, Booth, D, Bozec, Y-M, Florida. Chabanet, P, Cheal, A, Cinner, Florida. threat, ecosystem impacts and J, Depczynski, M, Feary, [5] Boldt, L, Yellowlees, D and mitigation of the Great Barrier DA, Gagliano, M, Graham, Leggat, W. (2010). Measuring [13] Pratchett, MS, Baird, AH, Reef: resilience to climate NAJ, Halford, AR, Halpern, Symbiodinium sp. gene McCowan, DM, Coker, DJ, change. Report for Marine and BS, Harborne, AR, Hoey, expression patterns with Cole, AJ and Wilson, SK. Tropical Sciences Research AS, Holbrook, SJ, Jones, GP, quantitative real-time PCR. pp (2010). Protracted declines Facility, Cairns. 17 pp. Kulbiki, M, Letourneur, Y, De 118-122. Proceedings of The in coral cover and fish Loma, TL, McClanahan, T, 11th International Coral Reef abundance following climate- [5] Hughes, TP, Bellwood, D, McCormick, MI, Meekan, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, induced coral bleaching on the Pratchett, M, van Oppen, MG, Mumby, PJ, Munday, Florida. Great Barrier Reef. pp 1309- MJ and Willis, B (2010). Final PL, Ohman, MC, Pratchett, 1313. Proceedings of The milestone report, Great Barrier MS, Riegl, B, Sano, M, [6] Coker, DJ, Pratchett, MS and 11th International Coral Reef Reef: resilience to climate Schmitt, RJ and Syms, C Munday, PL. (2010). Does body Symposium. Ft Lauderdale, change. Report for Marine and (2010). Crucial knowledge colouration influence predation Florida. Tropical Sciences Research gaps in current understanding risk of coraldwelling reef fish Facility, Cairns. 32 pp. in bleached landscapes? pp of climate change impacts on [14] Rosser, NL and Baird, AH. coral reef fishes. Journal of 1281-1285. Proceedings of The 11th International Coral Reef (2010). Multi-specific coral [6] Kool, J, Brewer, T, Mills, M and Experimental Biology 213(6): spawning in spring and Pressey, R (2010). Ridges to 894-900. Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. autumn in far north-western reefs conservation for Solomon Australia. pp 366-370. Islands. Report for Ministry of [197] Wilson, SK, Fisher, R, [7] Hegerl, GC, Hoegh-Guldberg, Proceedings of The 11th Environment, Conservation Pratchett, MS, Graham, O, Casassa, G, Hoerling, International Coral Reef and Meteorology, Honiara, NAJ, Dulvy, NK, Turner, M, Kovats, S, Parmesan, C, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Solomon Islands. 44 pp. RA, Cakacaka, A and Pierce, D and Stott, P. (2010). Florida. Polunin, NVC (2010). Good practice guidance paper [7] Marsh, H, Bradley, J, Parra, Habitat degradation and on detection and attribution [15] Scaps, P, Denis, V and G, Grech, A, Whiting, S, fishing effects on the size related to anthropogenic Haapkyla, J. (2010). Beasley, I, Johnson, S, Barrett, structure of coral reef fish climate change. pp 1-9. Organisms associated with D, Fitzpatrick, N, Friday, G, communities. Ecological Proceedings of IPCC Expert live scleractinian corals as Johnston, A, Keighran, F, Miller, Applications 20(2): 442-451. Meeting on Detection indicators of coral reefs R, Norman, L, Norman, L and and Attribution Related status in the Wakatobi Pracy, D (2010). Yarrbanthawu to Anthropogenic Climate Marine National Park (SE ki-miriyiyu: looking for dolphins. Change. Geneva, Switzerland: Sulawesi, Indonesia). pp Report for Australian Marine Conference Proceedings (16) The World Meteorological 810-814. Proceedings of The Mammal Centre, Hobart. 46 pp. Organisation. 11th International Coral Reef [1] Ardiwijaya, RL, Baird, AH, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, [8] Herdiana, Y, Campbell, S and [8] Marshall, NA, Marshall, PA, Kartawijaya, T and Campbell, Florida. Tamelander, J, Obura, D, SJ. (2010). Changes in reef Baird, A. (2010). Systematic marine conservation Malleret-King, D and Cinner, JE fish biomass in Karimunjawa [16] Schonberg, CHL and Ortiz, (2010). A framework for social National Park: a test of the planning: towards a marine representative areas network J-C. (2010). Is sponge adaptation to climate change; effectiveness of government bioerosion increasing? pp sustaining tropical coastal gazetted marine parks in in Nanggruh Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia. pp 1112-1115. 520-523. Proceedings of The communities and industries. th Indonesia. pp 1064-1068. th 11 International Coral Reef Report for IUCN, Gland, Proceedings of The 11th Proceedings of The 11 International Coral Reef Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Switzerland. 36 pp. International Coral Reef Florida. Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Florida. [9] Jupiter, SD. (2010). Coral [2] Baird, AH, Bhagooli, R, Nonaka, rare earth element tracers Reports (8) M, Yakovleva, I, Yamamoto, of terrestrial exposure in HH, Hidaka, M and Yamasaki, nearshore corals of the Great [1] Grech, A, Coles, R, Waycott, H. (2010). Environmental Barrier Reef. pp 102-106. M, Rasheed, M and McKenzie, controls on the establishment Proceedings of The 11th L (2010). Risk assessment for and development of algal International Coral Reef coastal seagrass habitats of symbiosis in corals. pp Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, the Great Barrier Reef World 108-112. Proceedings of The Florida. Heritage Area. Report for th 11 International Coral Reef Marine and Tropical Sciences [10] McClanahan, TR, Sebastian, Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, Research Facility, Cairns. 24 pp. Florida. CR, Cinner, J, Maina, J, Wilson, S and Graham, NAJ. (2010). Managing fishing gear [2] Grech, A and Marsh, H (2010). [3] Ban, N, Royle, K, Short, C, to encourage ecosystem- Community engagement Davis, N, Bodtker, K, Bryan, T, based management of coral tools for sea country planning: Cripps, K, Day, A, Haggarty, D, reefs fisheries. pp 1012- technical manual. Report Lee, L, Manson, M, Nicolson, 1016. Proceedings of The for Australian Indigenous D, Rasmussen, G and Willis, 11th International Coral Reef communities. 46 pp. LK. (2010). Identifying priority Symposium. Ft. Lauderdale, areas for marine conservation Florida. in British Columbia: a collaborative approach. pp 251-

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 65 Recognition of Excellence by Centre Members

2010 has again been marked by the recognition of many Science Category for “No-take marine reserves and of ARC Centre members’ achievements. In particular, we reef fisheries management in the Philippines: a new were delighted to see that two of our Program Leaders people power revolution”. The award was made were elected members of prestigious national academies. at the Republica Symposium in Quezon City, The Malcolm McCulloch was elected Fellow of the Royal Philippines, in May. Society, adding to his membership of a number of other ƒƒ The Editors, staff and Editorial Board of Coral prestigious societies. Bob Pressey was elected a Fellow Reefs announced that the winner of the best paper of the Australian Academy of Science for his contributions published in 2009 was awarded to SK Wilson, AM to the field of systematic conservation planning, including Dolman, AJ Cheal, MJ Emslie, MS Pratchett, and the dynamics of biodiversity and human activities. HPA Sweatman for the paper: “Maintenance of fish diversity on disturbed coral reefs” published in Coral Other examples of awards and peer-recognition include: Reefs 28: 3 - 14 (2009). ƒƒ Peter Mumby was awarded a Pew Fellowship ƒƒ The 2010 paper by Philip Munday and collaborators in Marine Conservation. These are awarded to in the Proceedings of the National Academy of outstanding scientists who are working to preserve and Sciences entitled “Replenishment of fish populations protect the world’s oceans and marine species. He was is threatened by ocean acidification” was judged as also the recipient of the Marsh Award for Marine and “exceptional new research” by the Faculty of 1000 Freshwater Conservation of the Zoological Society of and was also the Editor’s Choice in Science and London for contributions of fundamental science and its reported in Research Highlights in Nature. application to conservation in marine and/or freshwater ƒ ecosystems. ƒ At James Cook University, several of the ARC Centre’s researchers were recognised within the University: ƒƒ Nick Graham was elected a Fellow of the Linnean ƒ Society of London, the leading society in the United ƒ Chris Fulton from the Australian National University Kingdom for studies of taxonomy and biodiversity. node was recognised in James Cook University’s 40th Anniversary celebrations with an “Outstanding ƒƒ Joshua Cinner was the subject of a “career profile” in Early Career Alumni Award” for his achievements the prestigious journal Science (http://sciencecareers. since graduation. sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/ ƒ articles/2010_06_18/caredit.a1000061) ƒ Joshua Cinner was the recipient of the 2010 JCU Award for Excellence in the category of Research and ƒƒ Tracy Ainsworth and Line Bay were awarded Australian Supervision. Academy of Science Travelling Fellowships while Tracy ƒ also received a Journal of Experimental Biology Travel ƒ Mark McCormick was awarded the Supervisor of Fellowship to support her collaboration with Ruth Gates the Year Award 2010 in the Established Supervisory in Hawaii. Category while Bill Leggat was successful in the Early Career Supervisor Category. ƒƒ Several research papers from the Centre were ƒ recognised, including: ƒ Sylvain Forêt was the winner of the People’s Choice Award in the “My Research in 3 Minutes” ƒƒ Garry Russ and his long-time collaborator Angel competition during the annual Celebrating Research Alcala received the Philippines Commission on Higher @JCU in September. Education Award for the best paper in the Natural

66 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Performance Measures

Research findings

Measure Target 2010 Outcome 2010

Number of publications (p.58) 175 229

Publications in journals with an impact factor > 4 40 58

Number of citations (p.58) 10000 17497

Invitations to provide plenary addresses at 30 41 international conferences

Invitations to provide review articles 36 45

Number and nature of commentaries about the 1200 2426 Centre’s achievements

Awards, prizes or recognition (p.66) 20 28

Research training and professional education

Measure Target 2010 Outcome 2010

164 enrolled in 2010 Number of postgraduates enrolled (p.34) 130 over 5 years 266 enrolled over 5 years

42 in 2010 Number of postgraduate completions 80 over 5 years 123 completions over 5 years

28 enrolled in 2010 Number of Honours students 60 over 5 years 68 enrolled over 5 years

Number of professional workshops 16 21

Participation in professional workshops 20 46

Number and level of graduate student courses and 10 28 workshops in the priority area(s)

International, national and regional links and networks

Measure Target 2010 Outcome 2010

Number of international visitors (p.46) 70 91

Number of national and international working 61 researcher participations 16 groups in 24 working groups

Number of visits to overseas laboratories and 55 67 research facilities

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 67 Membership of national and international boards 45 61 and advisory committees

Number of cross-institutional publications 95 151

Number of multi-institutional supervisory 50 67 arrangements of graduate students

Number of internationally funded students 50 over 5 years 65 Number of consultancies and contract research 10 28

Number of government, industry and business 50 82 briefings

Number of Centre trained/ing personnel in knowledge/technology transfer and 6 7 commercialisation

Public awareness programs Website hits 2.5 million 5.7 million Public awareness presentations 20 45

Organisational support

Measure Target 2010 Outcome 2010

Annual cash contributions from collaborating $1.5m $2.7m organisations

Annual in-kind contributions from collaborating $3.4m $6.4m organisations

Number of new organisations recruited to or 6 7 involved in the Centre

Level and quality of infrastructure provided to $1.12m $1.16m the Centre

Annual cash contributions from other $0.50m $2.3m organisations

Governance

Measure Target 2010 Outcome 2010

Senior representation from all Breadth and experience of the nodes. Representation of eminent See p. 6 members of the Advisory Board international researchers. Members with commercial and business links

2 Centre Advisory Board meetings p.a. Frequency and effectiveness of 4 Scientific Management See p. 6 Advisory Board meetings Committee meetings p.a.

Strategic Plan reviewed and The Centre’s progress against the endorsed by the Centre Advisory plan will be formally reported to the Quality of the Centre strategic plan Board. Ongoing performance Advisory Board and be renewed in against plan reviewed at Scientific light of outcomes Management Committee meetings

68 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Effectiveness of arrangements to Meetings of the Scientific All research programs represented manage Centre nodes Management Committee where at Scientific Management each node and program is Committee meetings represented

Monthly nodal leader phone or video Regular nodal and program leader conferences meetings held

Annual rotational visits to the nodes There were 21 cross-nodal visits in 2010. Additionally, members travelled to Canberra for the Centre’s annual meeting and symposium

Annual research retreats for all Research planning meetings were Centre participants held by each research program

Annual research program planning Cross-nodal attendance at all meetings with cross-nodal research planning meetings attendance

Number of co-supervisory 67 arrangements for students

Number of multi-nodal seminar and 39 discussion groups

The adequacy of the Centre’s Key International benchmarking to The Centre is ranked #1 in the world Performance Measures research in top international marine for citations and outputs in coral reef research centres. science

National Benefit

Measure Target 2010 Outcome 2010

Measures of expansion of 150% increase on 2004 benchmark 2.6 times the number of publications Australia’s capability in the by 2010 in the 2004 benchmark priority area(s) 5 times the number of citations in the 2004 benchmark

50 briefings to government, 82 briefings business and industry groups

17 cross-nodal publications 40 cross-nodal publications

95 cross-institutional publications 151 cross-institutional publications

Case studies of economic, social, 2 to be highlighted in the annual 27 media releases cultural or environmental benefits report and distributed to media See pp. 54–57 agencies

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 69 Financial Statement

ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Statement of Operating Income and Expenditure for year ended 31 December 2010

Income 2009 2010 $ $

ARC Centre Grant $2,651,090 $2,811,038

ARC Fellowships 932,744 1,376,341

ARC Discovery 71,418 166,481

ARC Linkages 150,000 155,665

ARC Networks 30,000

Host Institutions cash support 2,266,972 2,673,902

State Government 119,965 244,000

Commonwealth Government other grants 408,423 436,334

International and other contracts 571,923 570,480

Total Income $7,202,535 $8,434,241

Expenditure

Salaries 3,829,430 4,379,076

Equipment 526,204 429,470

Travel 1,236,948 1,305,139

Research maintenance and consumables 1,087,630 1,035,491

Scholarships 153,077 92,375

Public outreach and administration 171,776 176,482

Total Expenditure $7,005,065 $7,418,034

Surplus (Deficit) $197,470 $1,016,207

70 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES Financial Status

As at 31 December 2010, the total cash and in-kind income budget for the ARC Centre of Excellence for 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2013 totals $108m, more than triple the 2005 funding outlook. The chart below indicates the budgeted level of income from the various funding sources.

ARC Centre of Excellence cash and in-kind funding outlook 2005-2013

Industry partners & contracts $8m, 7% UWA $4m, 4% ANU $2m, 2% UQ $5m, 5% ARC CoE $23m, 21%

JCU $41m, 38%

ARC Fellowships $10m, 9%

ARC Other $6m, 5% State Commonwealth Government Government / Other $3m, 3% $6m, 6%

2010 ANNUAL REPORT 71 Acknowledgements

The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies thanks the following organisations and partners for their ongoing support:

ƒƒ Australian Institute of Nuclear ƒƒ Fisheries Research and ƒƒ Queensland Department of Science and Engineering Inc Development Corporation, Environment and Resource (AINSE), New South Wales Canberra Management ƒƒ American-Australian Association, ƒƒ Fundação para a Ciência e a ƒƒ Reef Catchments Mackay USA Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal Whitsunday Inc, Queensland ƒƒ ARC Research Network for Earth ƒƒ GHD Pty Ltd, Australia ƒƒ Resilience Alliance, Sweden System Science (ARCNESS), New ƒƒ Government of the Republic of ƒƒ Royal Swedish Academy of South Wales Indonesia Science, Sweden ƒƒ Australian Academy of Science, ƒƒ Great Barrier Reef Foundation, ƒƒ Sea World, Gold Coast Canberra Brisbane ƒƒ Seychelles Fishing Authority ƒƒ Australian Genome Research ƒƒ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park ƒƒ Smithsonian Marine Network, USA Facility (AGRF), Brisbane Authority, Townsville ƒƒ Stockholm Resilience Centre, ƒƒ Australian Institute of Marine ƒƒ Ian Potter Foundation, Melbourne Sweden Science, Townsville ƒƒ IDP Education Australia ƒƒ The CASS Foundation, Melbourne ƒƒ Australian Coral Reef Society, ƒƒ Illumina Pty Ltd, Australia Australia ƒƒ The Computational Biology Group, ƒƒ King Abdullah University of Science University of Amsterdam ƒƒ Australian Marine Mammal Centre, and Technology, Saudi Arabia Hobart ƒƒ The Nature Conservancy, USA ƒƒ Lizard Island Research Station, ƒƒ Australian Museum, Sydney ƒƒ Torres Strait Regional Authority, Queensland Queensland ƒƒ Beijer Institute for Ecological ƒƒ Marine and Tropical Sciences Economics, Sweden ƒƒ University of Delaware, USA Research Facility (MTSRF), ƒƒ University of Maine, USA ƒƒ Centre National de la Recherche Canberra Scientifique, France ƒƒ University of Montpellier 2, ƒƒ Marine Conservation Biology Sciences and Technology, France ƒƒ Cairns Marine Institute (MCBI), USA ƒƒ University of Perpignan, France ƒƒ Commonwealth Scientific and ƒƒ National Climate Change Industrial Research Organisation Adaptation Research Facility ƒƒ Western Australian Department of (CSIRO) Flagship (NCCARF), Brisbane Environment and Conservation ƒƒ Collaboration Fund, Australia ƒƒ National Coral Reef Institute, USA ƒƒ Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA), ƒƒ Conservation International, USA ƒƒ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Zanzibar ƒƒ Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific Administration, USA ƒƒ Wildlife Conservation Society, USA (CRISP), New Calendonia ƒƒ National Parks Association of ƒƒ Department of Foreign Affairs and Queensland ƒƒ Wildlife Preservation Society of Australia, Sydney International Trade, Canada ƒƒ Project AWARE Foundation, ƒƒ Commonwealth Department of Australia ƒƒ World Bank Global Environment Facility Coral Reef Targeted Sustainability, Environment, Water, ƒƒ Queensland Department of the Research Program, USA Population and Communities Premier and Cabinet ƒƒ World Wide Fund for Nature, ƒƒ Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ƒƒ Queensland Department Australia Excellence Cluster, University of of Employment, Economic Kiel, Germany Development & Innovation ƒƒ World Wildlife Fund (International), ƒƒ European Commission, Brussels USA

72 ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES

ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 AUSTRALIA

Phone: +61 7 4781 4000 Fax: +61 7 4781 6722 Email: [email protected]

www.coralcoe.org.au