Common Abbreviations Introduction
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Notes Common abbreviations Channel Islands Monthly Review CIMR Channel Islands Occupation Society CIOS Guernsey Archives Service GAS Imperial War Museum IWM Jersey Archives Service ]AS Public Record Office - now National Archives PRO Lord Countanche Library Societe ]ersiaise Soc. Jersiaise Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force SHAEF Introduction 1. Asa Briggs: Fifth joan Stevens Memorial Lecture, 26 April 1996: 'Memory and, History: The Case of the Channel Islands' Gersey: no pub.). 2. David Thelan, 'Memory and American History', Journal of American History 75 (1989), p. 1127. 3. R.C.F. Maugham, Jersey under the Jackboot (Coronet, 1946), p. 106. 4. Frank Stroobant, One Man's War (Burbridge, 1967), p. 162. 5. Frank Falla, The Silent War (Burbridge, 1967). 6. Carel Toms, Hitler's Fortress Island (Burbridge, 1967), p. 11. 7. Madeleine Bunting, The Model Occupation (Harper Collins, 1995), p. 321. 8. John Lewis, A Doctor's Occupation (Corgi, 1982). 9. Falla, p. 167. 10. Ibid., p. 144. 11. M.St.j. Packe and M. Dreyfus, The Aldemey Story, 1939-1949 (Guernsey Press, 1971). 12. T.X.H. Pantcheff, Alderney Fortress Island (Phillimore, 1981). 13. S. Steckoll, The Alderney Death Camp (A Mayflower Book, 1982). 14. Roy McLoughlin, Inside jersey, Issue 3, 1995, p. 12. 15. Ibid. 16. Societe Jersiaise (Soc. Jersiaise) Box 14/2. 17. Channel Islands Occupation Society (CIOS) Review (25 October 1997), p. 51. 18. Ibid., p. 52. 19. Tom Freeman Keel, From Auschwitz to Alderney and Beyond (Seek, 1995). 20. David Fraser, The Jews of the Channel Islands and the Rule ofLaw, 1940-1945 (Sussex Academic Press, 2000). 21. Frank Keiller, Prison Without Bars (Seaflower, 2000), p. 183. 22. james E. Young, 'Between History and Memory', History and Memory Journal, 9 .1-2, 47-58, p. 55. 23. Ibid., p. 55. 255 256 Notes 1 The islands pre-war 1. Peter J. Rivett, SarkA Feudal Fraud? (Planetesimal Publishing Ltd, 1999), p. 175. 2. Llandudno Advertiser, 7 February 1942. 3. W.M. Bell, I Beg to Report (Guernsey Press, 1995), p. 5. 4. P.J. Rivett, SarkA Feudal Fraud? p. 175. 2 Storm clouds gather 1. Soc. Jersiaise. OCC/942/JHL'A, J.H. L'Amy, Chapter 1, p. 4. 2. Jersey Archives Service GAS): L/C/77/A Diaries of Izette Croad. 3. Guernsey Archives Service (GAS): AQ.AS/LC.16 Kenneth Lewis Diaries, 19 December 1942; 31 December 1943. 4. GAS. Dorothy Pickard Higgs, Life in Guernsey under the Nazis, 1940-1945 (published 1947 as the Guernsey Diary). 5. WM Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered (Exeter: Studio Publishing, 2002) p. 363. Speaking with the present author in November 2004, Joe Miere remembered that more than 500 young Islanders joined H. M. Forces at Liberation. 6. Madeleine Bunting papers, Box 189/1, 189/2, Imperial War Museum (IWM). 7. ].H. L'Amy, p. 6. 8. Ahier Read, No Cause for Panic (Bradford on Avon: Seaflower, 1995), p. 18. 9. 'We were stupefied. To be obliged to leave the sunny beaches and limpid air of Guernsey, to go and live in an atmosphere of smoke and rain and fog, was of little attraction for the future'. 10. ACM Seaton Wood, Islands in Danger (London: Four Square Books, 1955), p. 47. 11. Bunting, p. 15. 12. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 40. 13. GAS. Adele Laine Diaries. 14. Falla, p. 15. In his Official History, Cruikshank places blame for this chaos squarely upon the British Government. 15. Falla, p. 15. 16. Ibid., p. 44. 3 The unique occupation 1. GAS. AQ.025/08(1-74), Arthur Mahy Papers. 2. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 116. 3. William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (Redwood Press, 1972), p. 747. 4. Saul Freidlander, Pius X11 and the Third Reich (Knopf, 1966), p. 60. 5. Soc. Jersiaise. From the Report on a Study Trip to the British Channel Islands from 10-25 September 1941, by Professor Dr Karl Heinz Pfeffer. 6. Seaton Wood, p. 58. 7. Bunting, p. 330. 8. Seaton Wood, p. 62. 9. Andrew Roberts, 'We Never Would have been Slaves', The Times, 24 November 1996. 10. Ibid. 11. Col. Britton's broadcast to Occupied Territories, 11.15 p.m. BST, 5 December 1941. Notes 257 12. IWM. Box 189, Tape JT3. 13. Baron Hans Max von Aufsess, The von Aufsess Occupation Diary (Phillimore, 1985), p. vii. 14. Cruikshank, The German Occupation (Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1975), p. 194. 15. Sanders, The Ultimate Sacrifice (Jersey: Jersey Museums Service, 1998), p. 110. 16. Cruikshank, p. 160. 17. P. King, The Channel Islands War (Hale, 1991), p. 84. 18. Cruikshank, p. 188. 19. Seaton Wood, p. 48. 20. King, p. 65. 4 Record and interpretation: A question of paradigm 1. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 413. Note: According to the Seaton Woods, before the Notice of £25 Reward had been posted in Guernsey, both Jersey and Guernsey had issued general notices requesting information about people who were making 'V' signs around the Islands. Islands in Danger, p. 141. 2. Seaton Wood, p. 143. 3. Durand, Guernsey under German Rule (Guernsey: The Guernsey Society, 1946), p. 56. Rev. Ord, 24 September 1940 Priaulx Library Guernsey. 4. Bunting, p. 335. 5. Seaton Wood, p. 41. 6. Ibid., p. SO. 7. Ibid., p. 13. 8. H.R.S. Pocock, The Memoirs of Lord Coutanche (Phillimore, 1975), p. 16. 9. Ibid. 10. JAS. C/D/P/L/A3/4. 11. Soc. Jersiaise. OCC/942/Summaries. 12. Durand, p. 164. 13. P. Connerton, How Societies Remember (Cambridge University Press), p. 18. 14. Halbwachs, On Collective Memory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press Ltd, 1992), p. 139. 15. Maugham, p. 149. 16. Public Record Office (PRO), HO 45/22424. John Leale's Report 23 May 1945. 17. Ibid. 18. Cortvriend, Isolated Island (Guernsey: Streamline Publishing Ltd, 1947), p. 99. 19. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 59. 20. GAS. AQ373/33 Alexander Adam. 21. Institute fuer Zeitgeschichte. Ms.478/2. Werner Best, 'Memories of Occupied, France', 1951. 22. GAS. Royal Court of Guernsey: Privy Council. Appeal No. 10, 1952, p. 30. 23. IWM. Box 189/1 and 2, Tape16. 24. ].H. L'Amy, May 1945, p. 25. 25. Alderney Magazine, 14. Held by the Alderney Museum. 26. Rev. Ord, 15 April 1941. 27. Soc. Jersiaise. GOS, 1-34. 28. ].H. L'Amy, Chapter 9, p. 20. (Several contemporary diarists also write about the introduction of the death penalty for keeping wireless sets at the end of 1942.) 29. Seaton Wood, p. 140. 30. PRO, ADM 223/228.59560. 258 Notes 31. Ibid. 32. Ibid. 33. W. Renouf Memoirs: Privately held. 34. Bunting, p. 194. 35. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 96. 36. Ibid., p. 98. 37. Man, p. 293. 38. Seaton Wood, p. 122. 39. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 139. 40. Pocock, p. 34. 41. JAS. B/A/W50/156. 42. JAS. C/D/P/L/A3/4. 43. Jersey Evening Post, 29 April 1985. 44. von Aufsess, p. 172. 45. Asa Briggs, The Channel Islands Occupation and Liberation 1940-1945 (London: BT Batsford, 1995), p. 79. 46. Seaton Wood, p. 63. 47. Sanders, p. 122. 48. Pocock, p. 47. 5 Dealing with the enemy: Labour, commodities and rations 1. John Leale's Report. 2. Ibid., pp. xviii, xxi. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid., p. xxi 5. Basil de Guerin Papers. Privately held. (Note: Censors in Guernsey were: first, Kurt Goettmann, then Oberleutnant Horst Schmidt-Walkoff.) 6. Hague Convention: www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/hague/hague5.html (2002). 7. Cruikshank, p. 132. 8. King, p. 72. 9. GAS. A. Mahy: Memorandum of Royal Court House Meeting, 14 May 1945. (Mr Mahy was a civil servant who became the Bailiff's secretary in 1948.) GAS. 10. AQ.380/03-1 Herbert Williams. 11. Durand, p. 156. 12. J. Moody, Letter in the Jersey Evening Post, 27 July 1946. 13. Ibid., Letter from: 'Unemployed'. 14. Durand, p. 156. 15. Ibid. 16. N. Doumanis, Memory and Myth in the Mediterranean (Macmillan, 1997), p. 163. 17. Le Quesne, The Occupation o(Jersey Day by Day (La Haule, 1999), p. xi. 18. PRO, ADM 223/228. 19. CIOS Archive Book 8, p. 47. 20. Ibid., p. 67. 21. Le Quesne, Foreword. 22. ].H. L'Amy, Chapter 4, p. 3. 23. Jersey Evening Post, 28 May 1946. 24. Bell, Guernsey Occupied but Never Conquered, p. 188. 25. Ibid., p. 249. Notes 259 26. Arthur Mahy papers: Memorandum, 30 April 1943. 27. Luke Le Moignan, Stories of the Occupation (La Haule, 1995), p. 58. 28. K.G. Lewis. 29. Rev. Ord, 2 May 1943. 30. IWM Box 189, Tape 4422: Vernon Le Maistre. 31. Soc. Jersiaise G05/4. 32. John Leale's Report, pp. xxviii, xix. 6 Morale, make do and mend 1. Alon Contino, 'Travelling as a Culture of Remembrance', History and Memory Journal, 12. 2, 92-122, p. 100. 2. PRO, ADM 223/288/69560. 3. Soc. Jersiaise. G015. 4. I. Croad, 17 August 1940. 5. Alderney Museum, Ambrose Robin Diaries, p. 10. By courtesy of Andre Ozanne Mendham. 6. Rev. Ord, 8 October 1940. 7. Ibid., 3 October 1940. 8. IWM. Box 189/2 A.P. Lamy: 'Policing during the Occupation'. 9. F. Barton, 18 December 1940. 10. Ibid., Summary. 11. M.M. Mahy, There is an Occupation (Guernsey Press, 1992), p. 115. 12. D. Me Kenzie, The Red Cross Service for Channel Island Civilians (Picton Publishing, 1975), pp. 3, 6, 11. 13. IWM. Box 189. Tape 23, 4399.0/L. 14. I. Croad, 3 February 1941. 15. Falla, p. 81. 16. A. Robin, 19 March 1941. 17. Mahy, p.