Appendix a of the General Policy Plan

Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan ((County Profile –)) Appendix A

((Population Change

Snohomish County has experienced rapid population growth in recent decades. Located at the northern end of the rapidly growing Seattle metropolitan area, Snohomish County has received a significant share of the region’s population and employment growth. Growth has been most pronounced since the construction of Interstate-5 through the county and the decision of the Boeing Company in the mid-1960’s to build the 747 in the City of Everett. Since then, Snohomish County’s population growth has been substantial and sustained, reaching 606,024 total residents by the year 2000.

Figure A-1

Snohomish County Total Population by Decade, 1900 - 2000

700,000

606,024 600,000

500,000 465,628

400,000 337,720

300,000 265,236

200,000 172,199 111,580 78,861 88,754 100,000 59,209 67,690 23,950

0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Snohomish County is Washington State’s third most populous county (after King and Pierce counties). Most of the county’s population resides in cities (52% in 2000). This is a fairly recent reversal of the historic trend in Snohomish County in which unincorporated area population traditionally exceeded incorporated area population (with the exception of 1970).

Table A-1 Snohomish County Total Population, 1940 - 2004

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2004 Area Number Pct Number Pct Number Pct Number Pct Number Pct Number Pct Number Pct Number Pct Incorporated 41,872 47% 48,872 44% 81,238 47% 137,284 52% 151,229 45% 205,832 44% 314,882 52% 335,382 52% Unincorporated 46,882 53% 62,708 56% 90,961 53% 127,952 48% 186,491 55% 259,796 56% 291,142 48% 309,418 48% Total County 88,754 100% 111,580 100% 172,199 100% 265,236 100% 337,720 100% 465,628 100% 606,024 100% 644,800 100%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM).

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-1)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-2

SNOHOMISH COUNTY POPULATION GROWTH BY DECADE, 1940-2000

150,000 140,396 127,908 125,000

100,000 93,037 72,484 75,000 60,619 50,000 22,826 25,000

0 1940-1950 1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000

Snohomish County Population Growth by Decade, 1940-2000 1940-1950 1950-1960 1960-1970 1970-1980 1980-1990 1990-2000 Percentage Increase 25.7% 54.3% 54.0% 27.3% 37.9% 30.2% Share of State Growth 3.6% 12.8% 16.6% 10.1% 17.4% 13.7% Source: U.S. Census Bureau

During the 1990’s, Snohomish County’s population grew by over 140,000 – the single largest decade population gain in the County’s history. Among counties in Washington State, this was the second largest numeric gain in population (King County showed the largest numeric gain in the State) and represented 27% of the 4-county central Puget Sound region’s population growth during the decade. Snohomish County’s population growth during the 1990’s translated into a 30% increase over the decade, or a 2.7% average annual growth rate – the fastest rate of population growth among the four counties in the central Puget Sound region.

Table A-2 COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE BY COUNTY, APRIL 1, 1990 TO APRIL 1, 2000

1990-2000 Change Net Migration Avg Annual Natural % of 1990- 1990 Census 2000 Census No. % Change % Change Increase No. 2000 Change

King 1,507,305 1,737,046 229,741 15.2% 1.4% 109,009 120,732 52.6% Pierce 586,203 700,818 114,615 19.6% 1.8% 52,278 62,337 54.4% Snohomish 465,628 606,024 140,396 30.2% 2.7% 48,022 92,374 65.8% Kitsap 189,731 231,969 42,238 22.3% 2.0% 17,606 24,632 58.3%

Regional Total 2,748,867 3,275,857 526,990 19.2% 1.8% 226,915 300,075 56.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM).

Population growth has continued since 2000, averaging nearly 10,000 new residents per year. The most recent State Office of Financial Management estimate shows Snohomish County with a total population of 644,800 as of April 1, 2004. Since 2000, Snohomish County continues to exhibit the fastest rate of population growth among the four central Puget Sound counties.

((A-2)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan

Table A-3 COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE BY COUNTY, APRIL 1, 2000 TO APRIL 1, 2004

2000-2004 Change Net Migration 2004 OFM Avg Annual Natural % of 2000- 2000 Census Estimates No. % Change % Change Increase No. 2004 Change

King 1,737,046 1,788,300 51,254 3.0% 0.7% 41,912 9,342 18.2% Pierce 700,818 744,000 43,182 6.2% 1.5% 18,855 24,327 56.3% Snohomish 606,024 644,800 38,776 6.4% 1.6% 18,048 20,728 53.5% Kitsap 231,969 239,500 7,531 3.2% 0.8% 4,809 2,722 36.1%

Regional Total 3,275,857 3,416,600 140,743 4.3% 1.1% 83,624 57,119 40.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM).

Net migration

As is evident in Tables A-2 and A-3, net migration (the number of people who moved into the County minus those estimated to have moved out) has fueled most of Snohomish County’s population growth since 1990. Net migration accounted for nearly 66% of the county’s total population increase during the 1990’s, compared to nearly 57% for the central Puget Sound region as a whole. This same pattern has continued since 2000, although at a lower level. Since 2000, net migration has accounted for 54% of Snohomish County’s population growth, while only 41% of the region’s growth is now due to net migration. Of the four counties in the central Puget Sound region, Snohomish County had the highest share of its population growth attributable to net migration during the 1990’s. Since 2000, however, net migration to Pierce County has accounted for a slightly higher share of its population growth (56%) when compared with Snohomish County (54%).

Unlike natural increase (the surplus of births over deaths), which is remarkably stable from year-to-year, migration is a highly variable component of population change. Net migration varies considerably from year-to- year, and closely mirrors economic conditions in the county. Periods of rapid job expansion and low unemployment have been generally accompanied by an increase in net migration to the county. Examples of this include the relatively high employment growth periods experienced during the latter half of the 1990’s, 1980’s and 1970’s when net migration to Snohomish County consistently exceeded 10,000 new residents per year. Periods of job losses and high unemployment during the early 1970’s and early 1980’s were accompanied by significant reductions in net migration (or actual net out-migration conditions in the early 1970’s).

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-3)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-3

Population Change and Net Migration for Snohomish County, April 1, 1970 to April 1, 2004 25,000 Annual Population Change 20,000 Annual Net Migration

15,000

10,000

5,000 Annual Change

-5,000

1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Source: Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM).

Residential Mobility According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Snohomish County residents move more frequently than residents of both Washington State and the U.S. overall. This is probably not surprising given the high level of net migration to Snohomish County. Although the percentage of Snohomish County residents 5 years of age and older that moved sometime during the previous 5 years was lower in 2000 at 53% than it had been in 1990 when it was at 56%, it remained higher than the percentages observed in the U.S. overall, Washington State and in neighboring King County. Figure A-4

Percent of Population 5 Years & Over that Lived at a Different Residence 5 Years Prior, 1990 & 2000

70% 59% 56% 60% 54% 55% 54% 57% 53% 50% 47% 52% 49% 51% 40% 46% 30%

20%

10%

0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

((A-4)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan Age

The median age of Snohomish County’s population has increased from 29.3 in 1980, to 32.2 in 1990, and to 34.7 in 2000. (Half the population is younger and half the population is older than the median age.) Interestingly, the percent of the population that was of labor force age (ages 18 to 64) was unchanged at 63% between 1990 and 2000. The percentage of the population less than 18 and 65 and older was also relatively stable over the ten year period, indicating that aging of the population of labor force age in the County has caused the overall increase in the median age during the past decade. Note that the percentage of total population between ages 18 to 64 in Snohomish County is nearly identical to that seen in Washington State and the nation as a whole.

Figure A-5

Population 18 to 64 Years of Age as a Percent of Total Population, 1990 & 2000

80%

63% 63% 66% 70% 63% 62% 62% 63% 67% 60% 63% 64% 63% 50% 62%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Figure A-6 shows changes in the county’s age structure between 1990 and 2000. The horizontal bars show the number of persons in each 5-year age group in 2000, while the line graphs show the number in each group in 1990. Substantial growth in the number of middle-age adults as well as in the number of youth under 20 is evident. This rapid growth is the result of the aging of the baby boom population (i.e., those born from 1946 through 1964, roughly 35 to 54 years old in 2000) combined with the in-migration of additional baby-boomers to the county over the decade. Growth in the baby boom population has also directly resulted in the rapid growth of the school-aged population. Of note are the 25 to 34 age groups which showed little growth or slight decreases during the decade. This is a demographic remnant of the “baby bust” which occurred following the baby boom in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s when birth rates fell dramatically.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-5)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-6

Table A-4

Source: U.S. Census Bureau (from Changing Age Structures in Washington Counties, Annabel R. Kirschner, Wa. State Univ.).

Household Composition The composition of households in Snohomish County has also been changing over the past three decades. In 1970, the percentage of Snohomish County households that could be characterized as traditional married-couple families with children was 46%. By 2000, this percentage had dropped to 28%. Although still higher than that observed in King County in 2000 (21%), and in Washington State and the nation as a whole (24%), this drop for Snohomish County is significant. Snohomish County has been perceived as a suburban location providing housing primarily for traditional families with children. In 1970, this perception matched reality much more than it does today. Today, other significant housing market niches exist, including married-couple families without children (28%), single person households (23%), and single parent families (9%). ((A-6)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan Figure A-7

Married-Couple Families with Children as a Percent of Total Households, 1990 & 2000

50% 45%

40% 37% 31% 35%

30% 24% 32% 26% 27% 28% 25% 23% 25% 20% 24% 15% 21% 24% 10% 5% 0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Figure A-8

Households by Type, Snohomish County, 1970-2000 100% 90% 80%

70% 60% 50% 40% 30%

20% 10%

0% 1970 1980 1990 2000 Married-couple families w/ children <18 Married-couple families w/o children <18 Single parent families w/ children <18, female householder Single parent families w/ children <18, male householder Other families Single person households Other non-family households

1970 1980 1990 2000

Married-couple families w/ children <18 37,402 45.9% 40,293 33.4% 52,991 30.9% 63,246 28.1% Married-couple families w/o children <18 24,244 29.8% 37,203 30.8% 49,451 28.8% 62,711 27.9% Single parent families w/ children <18, female householder 3,590 4.4% 7,200 6.0% 11,010 6.4% 14,662 6.5% Single parent families w/ children <18, male householder 572 0.7% 1,578 1.3% 3,600 2.1% 5,855 2.6% Other families 2,163 2.7% 4,347 3.6% 7,087 4.1% 11,346 5.0% Single person households 12,132 14.9% 23,495 19.5% 35,950 20.9% 50,820 22.6% Other non-family households 1,360 1.7% 6,583 5.5% 11,624 6.8% 16,212 7.2%

Total households 81,463 100.0% 120,699 100.0% 171,713 100.0% 224,852 100.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-7)) General Policy Plan

Average Household Size

Another key demographic variable that has important implications for land use planning is the average number of persons per household that is observed over time. Declines in the average household size in a community means that an increase in housing units would be needed to house the same number of people over time. After dropping rapidly beginning in the 1970’s (from 3.22 in 1970, 2.76 in 1980, and to 2.68 in 1990), the rate of decline in the average household size for Snohomish County has slowed considerably, reaching 2.65 in 2000. This is higher than that observed in 2000 for King County (2.39), Washington State (2.53) and the U.S. (2.59). Average household sizes are also higher in unincorporated areas of the county, with 2.81 persons per household on average in 2000 compared with 2.52 overall in cities. Figure A-9

Average Household Size, 1990 & 2000

3.50

2.87 3.00 2.68 2.47 2.63 2.40 2.53 2.50 2.65 2.81 2.52 2.53 2.59 2.00 2.39

1.50

1.00

0.50

- Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Diversity

Snohomish County’s population is becoming more diverse. In 1990, 92% of the county’s population identified themselves as non-Hispanic whites. This percentage dropped to 83% by 2000. This equals the percentage observed in King County in 1990. An increasing trend towards greater racial and ethnic diversity was also experienced in the U.S. and Washington State overall and in King County over the same time period, although non-Hispanic whites constitute a lower percentage of total population in these other locations when compared to Snohomish County.

((A-8)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan

Figure A-10

Non-Hispanic White Population as a Percent of Total Population, 1990 & 2000

92% 93% 95% 91%

90% 87% 85% 83% 86% 83% 80% 81% 76% 75% 79%

70% 73% 65% 69% 60% 55% 50% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Figure A-11

Snohomish County Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: Census 2000

Hispanic or Latino, of any race (4.7%) Non-Hispanic/Latino: Single race: White (83.4%) Black/African-American (1.6%) American Indian/Alaska Native (1.3%) Asian (5.7%) Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (0.3%) Other race (0.2%) Two or more races (2.9%)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Other data from the Census 2000 indicate greater diversity within Snohomish County’s population. The percentage of population 5 years and older that speak only English at home dropped from 93% in 1990 to 88% in 2000. This is still higher though than the percentage observed in the U.S. as a whole (82%), the state of Washington (86%), and King County (82%) in 2000.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-9)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-12

Percent of Population 5 Years & Over that Speak only English at Home, 1990 & 2000

100%

95% 93% 95% 92%

91% 89% 90% 90% 88% 86%

85% 85% 86%

80% 82% 82%

75% Snohomish County total 1990 Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated subtotal King County 2000 Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The percentage of foreign born population in Snohomish County has also increased between 1990 and 2000, from 6% to 10% during this time period. This characteristic of Snohomish County’s population is relatively similar to that observed in 2000 in Washington State and the U.S. as a whole, where 10% and 11% of the total population respectively was foreign born. However, King County’s percentage of foreign born population jumped considerably during the 1990’s, reaching 15% by 2000, up from 9% in 1990.

Figure A-13

Foreign Born Population as a Percent of Total Population, 1990 & 2000

25%

20%

15%

15% 12% 10% 10% 11% 10% 7%

9% 7% 5% 6% 8% 7% 4% 0% Snohomish County 2000 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 1990 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

((A-10)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan Employment and Economic Characteristics

Between 1990 and 2004, a total of 47,400 jobs were added to the Snohomish County economy, amounting to a 28% increase in employment (compared with a 38% increase in total population during this same time period). Most of the employment growth (over two-thirds) occurred during a single three-year span, beginning in 1995 and ending in 1998, when 32,600 non-agricultural jobs were added to Snohomish County’s employment base. With a net increase of 17,300 manufacturing jobs between 1995 and 1998, this sector alone accounted for over half (53%) of the County’s total three-year job gain. This increase was primarily due to increases in transportation equipment manufacturing employment (Boeing) during this time period.

Following 1998, however, Snohomish County entered a 4-year period marked by job reductions, bottoming out in 2002 with a total of 212,300 jobs, down 3.5% from the record high county job total of 220,000 recorded in 1998. These job reductions occurred during a period when a significant number of jobs (19,000) were lost in the manufacturing sector of the economy, primarily due to layoffs at Boeing. Job growth in other sectors during the same time period (retail trade, services, construction, and government) helped to attenuate the effects of the manufacturing job losses on the Snohomish County economy.

Figure A-14

Snohomish County Nonagricultural Wage and Salary Employment (in thousands)

250.0

220.0 217.1 216.5 216.6 216.6 212.3 212.5 207.8

200.0 194.0 187.4 183.7 185.3 175.9 169.2 170.9 158.0

150.0 143.0

129.1 118.0 109.4 103.6 102.9 103.5 97.9 97.9 Employment 100.0

50.0

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Source: Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD).

Modest job growth conditions in Snohomish County have resumed since 2002. With a nearly 2% increase in jobs between 2003 and 2004, Snohomish County’s job total has bounced back to 216,600 in 2004.

Job growth by employment sector between 2000 and 2004 shows that job gains in the “services providing” categories (up 12,500 jobs) were offset by job losses in the “goods producing” categories (down 12,400 jobs), resulting in nearly identical 2000 and 2004 job totals (216,500 versus 216,600 respectively). Increases in services providing employment were fueled by increases in financial activities (32%), professional and business services (21%), government (12%), wholesale trade (11%) and education and health services (10%). Decreases

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-11)) General Policy Plan in goods producing employment were predominantly caused by significant declines in aerospace manufacturing (down 29% or 8,700 jobs) between 2000 and 2004.

Table A-5 Nonagricultural Wage and Salary Workers Employed in Snohomish County, 2000 - 2004

Prelim 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 - 2004 Annual Pct. Annual Annual Annual Annual Pct. Change NAICS INDUSTRY TITLE (in thousands) Average Distrib. Average Average Average Average Distrib. No. Pct. TOTAL NONFARM 1/ 216.5 100% 216.6 212.3 212.5 216.6 100% 0.1 0.1% TOTAL PRIVATE 184.4 85% 182.7 177.8 176.9 180.8 83% -3.6 -1.9% GOODS PRODUCING 72.3 33% 70.4 63.9 60.3 59.9 28% -12.4 -17.2% CONSTRUCTION 18.2 8% 17.9 17.8 16.6 17.5 8% -0.7 -3.6% MANUFACTURING 53.2 25% 51.7 45.7 43.1 41.9 19% -11.3 -21.3% Computer and Electronic Product Mfg 6.8 3% 6.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 2% -1.6 -23.3% Electronic Instrument Manufacturing 4.1 2% 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.5 2% -0.6 -13.5% Transportation Equipment Mfg 31.5 15% 31.2 27.1 24.2 23.1 11% -8.4 -26.7% Aerospace Product and Parts Mfg 30.4 14% 30.0 25.9 23.0 21.7 10% -8.7 -28.6% SERVICES PROVIDING 144.3 67% 146.2 148.3 152.2 156.8 72% 12.5 8.7% TRADE, TRANSPORTATION and UTILITIES 37.2 17% 36.4 36.2 36.4 37.4 17% 0.2 0.6% Wholesale Trade 5.8 3% 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.4 3% 0.7 11.4% Retail Trade 28.2 13% 27.6 27.0 27.0 27.5 13% -0.6 -2.2% Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities 3.2 1% 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 2% 0.2 5.8% INFORMATION 4.3 2% 4.2 3.7 3.4 4.0 2% -0.3 -6.4% FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES 9.5 4% 10.2 11.2 12.1 12.5 6% 3.0 31.9% PROFESSIONAL and BUSINESS SERVICES 15.2 7% 15.7 16.1 17.0 18.4 8% 3.1 20.5% EDUCATIONAL and HEALTH SERVICES 18.9 9% 19.4 20.3 20.4 20.8 10% 1.9 10.0% LEISURE and HOSPITALITY 18.7 9% 17.9 17.8 18.7 19.3 9% 0.6 3.4% OTHER SERVICES 8.4 4% 8.5 8.5 8.6 8.6 4% 0.2 2.5% GOVERNMENT 32.1 15% 33.9 34.5 35.5 35.8 17% 3.7 11.5% Federal Government 2.5 1% 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 1% -0.4 -14.8% Total State Government 4.8 2% 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.4 2% 0.5 11.1% State Educational Services 1.8 1% 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 1% 0.3 17.8% Total Local Government 24.7 11% 26.6 27.2 27.9 28.3 13% 3.5 14.3% Local Educational Services 13.0 6% 13.4 13.9 14.0 14.1 7% 1.1 8.7% Workers in Labor/Management Disputes 0.4 0% 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0% -0.4 -100.0%

1/ Excludes proprietors, self-employed, members of the armed services, workers in private households, and agriculture. Includes all full- and part-time wage and salary workers. Columns may not add due to rounding. Prepared by the Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch, Washington State Employment Security Department.

This continues a long-term employment trend in Snohomish County. As the pie charts in Figure A-15 demonstrate, service sector employment has grown in importance over the past two decades. Service jobs rose from 20% of the county’s total employment in 1980, to 30% by 2000. This has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the importance of manufacturing employment in Snohomish County over the same time period. In 2000, manufacturing jobs accounted for 26% of the County’s total employment, down from 33% in 1980.

(Please note that the employment classifications that add up to the major sector categories shown below are based on the older SIC categories. The new NAICS system, which began in 2000, uses combinations of employment classifications that are substantially different, as shown in Tables A-6 and A-7, and thus are not directly comparable to the major sector categories shown in Figure A-15.)

((A-12)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan Figure A-15 Total Snohomish County Employment by Sector, 1980 & 2000

1980 2000

17% 17% Manufacturing 26% 33% WTCU

Retail Trade 20% 7% 30% FIRES 9% 21% 20% Govt/Educ

WTCU = Wholesale trade, transportation services, communications and utilities. FIRES = Finance, insurance, real estate and services. Source: Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC).

The employment totals reported in Tables A-6 and A-7 refer to non-agricultural wage and salary employment in Snohomish County. To provide a perspective on the size of the agricultural sector in Snohomish County’s economy, the State Employment Security Department (ESD) covered employment series can be used. Covered employment refers to jobs covered by State unemployment insurance laws or the Federal unemployment compensation program. In 2001, the most recent year for which covered employment estimates are available that show agricultural service job detail, agricultural jobs in Snohomish County amounted to about 2,900, or about 1.4% of the total number of covered jobs. Statewide, agricultural jobs accounted for 3.2% of total covered employment in 2001. Agricultural employment in Snohomish County breaks down as follows:

Table A-6 Snohomish County Agricultural Employment, 2001 (Annual Average): Agricultural Production - Crops 470 Agricultural Production - Livestock 464 Agricultural Services 1,966 Subtotal - Agriculture 2,900 Total County Covered Employment 209,643 Source: Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD).

Snohomish County’s unemployment rate dropped to 5.6% in 2004, down from 8.0% recorded in 2003 – the highest unemployment rate observed in Snohomish County since 1984. This recent reduction in the unemployment rate corresponds to the period during which modest job gains have once again been observed in Snohomish County.

During the three-year high job growth period from 1995 through 1998, unemployment rates dropped markedly to reach a low of 3.1% in 1998. Remarkably, unemployment rates were below 5% for the entire 1997-2000 period. Prior to 1997, Snohomish County had had only two years since 1980 in which the annual average unemployment rate fell below 5% (1989 and 1990). Snohomish County’s unemployment rate has exceeded 5% every year since 2001.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-13)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-16

ANNUAL AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES FOR SNOHOMISH COUNTY AND WASHINGTON STATE, 1980-2004

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0 Unemployment Rate Unemployment

2.0

0.0 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Snohomish County Washington State

Source: Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD).

Snohomish County has the third largest number of non-agricultural jobs among counties in Washington State, behind King and Pierce counties. Table A-7 compares the amount and distribution of jobs by major sector category among the 4 counties of the central Puget Sound region.

Table A-7 Nonagricultural Wage and Salary Workers Employed in Central Puget Sound Counties, 2004 Annual Averages

Snohomish % Pierce % King % Kitsap % NAICS INDUSTRY (in thousands) County Distr County Distr County Distr County Distr TOTAL NONFARM 1/ 216.6 100% 254.5 100% 1118.7 100% 82.8 100% TOTAL PRIVATE 180.8 83% 201.0 79% 956.0 85% 54.6 66% GOODS PRODUCING 59.9 28% 38.5 15% 163.6 15% 6.7 8% CONSTRUCTION 17.5 8% 19.1 8% 59.3 5% 4.8 6% MANUFACTURING 41.9 19% 19.0 7% 103.5 9% 1.8 2% Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 23.1 11% NA NA 41.1 4% NA NA Aerospace Product and Parts Mfg 21.7 10% NA NA 37.3 3% NA NA SERVICES PROVIDING 156.8 72% 215.9 85% 955.1 85% 76.0 92% TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, and UTILITIES 37.4 17% 49.1 19% 222.6 20% 13.3 16% Wholesale Trade 6.4 3% 9.4 4% 62.8 6% NA NA Retail Trade 27.5 13% 29.9 12% 113.5 10% 10.9 13% Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities 3.4 2% 9.8 4% 46.3 4% NA NA INFORMATION 4.0 2% 3.1 1% 68.1 6% NA NA FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES 12.5 6% 13.8 5% 77.1 7% NA NA PROFESSIONAL and BUSINESS SERVICES 18.4 8% 22.0 9% 163.3 15% 7.4 9% EDUCATIONAL and HEALTH SERVICES 20.8 10% 37.7 15% 117.9 11% NA NA LEISURE and HOSPITALITY 19.3 9% 24.9 10% 103.1 9% 7.6 9% OTHER SERVICES 8.6 4% 11.9 5% 40.4 4% NA NA GOVERNMENT 35.8 17% 53.4 21% 162.7 15% 28.2 34% Federal Government 2.2 1% 9.8 4% 22.6 2% 14.8 18% Total State Government 5.4 2% 11.5 5% 54.3 5% 2.2 3% State Educational Services 2.2 1% 3.7 1% 40.5 4% NA NA Total Local Government 28.3 13% 32.2 13% 85.8 8% 11.2 14% Local Educational Services 14.1 7% 17.9 7% 35.4 3% NA NA Workers in Labor/Management Disputes - 0% 0.0 0% 0.1 0% NA NA

Snohomish County has a significantly larger share of its employment in the manufacturing sector compared with the other counties in the central Puget Sound region. This is mainly due to the presence of Boeing in the City of Everett. Boeing in the largest employer in the County (see Table A-8) and aerospace is the largest industry cluster in the County. Note that while 13% of the 4-county region’s total employment is located within Snohomish County, 25% of the region’s manufacturing jobs are located within the County. The aerospace manufacturing sector is cyclical, however, with dramatic fluctuations in employment, as is evidenced by the ((A-14)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan recent significant declines in manufacturing employment. During healthy economic periods, however, the presence of aerospace employment in the County provides a high wage job base for the population.

The second largest employer is the United States Navy, with three facilities in the county. Employment at these facilities is dependent on federal priorities and political factors, and as a result can be volatile.

Table A-8 Top Employers in Snohomish County

Company Number of Employees Boeing * 20,000 Naval Station Everett ** 6,087 State of Washington 3,023 Premera 2,658 Providence Everett Medical Center 2,624 Snohomish County Government 2,566 Goodrich 1,650 Verizon 1,633 Edmonds School District 1,425 Philips 1,296 Marysville School District 1,295 Tulalip Tribes * 1,283 Fluke 1,168 Everett School District 1,160 City of Everett 1,084 Everett Clinic 1,010 Stevens Healthcare 1,005 Kimberly Clark 903 US Marine/Bayliner 872 Snohomish County PUD 860 Community Transit 850 Intermec 697 Eldec Corporation 671 QFC 612 * : approximate employee count; ** : 2001 employee count Source: Economic Development Council of Snohomish County (EDC).

As has been previously discussed, job growth in several services producing sectors (especially in financial and professional/business services) has been significant since 2000 and has counterbalanced job losses in aerospace manufacturing. The Snohomish County 2010: Blueprint for Education, Workforce and Economic Development in Snohomish County, developed in 2003 by a partnership of government (including Snohomish County), educational and economic development organizations, notes that 35 out of the state’s 190 biotechnology and medical device firms are located within Snohomish County, employing approximately 5,000 workers in 2002. Ninety-three percent of this industry’s employment in Snohomish County is located in Bothell. Other key industry clusters identified in the Blueprint for special economic development focus included tourism (hospitality services), manufacturing, business services, education, construction, public service and medical/health care services.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-15)) General Policy Plan

Educational attainment

Snohomish County’s population shows higher educational attainment in 2000 compared with 1990. During that time period, the percentage of county residents 25 years or older that earned bachelor’s degree or higher increased from 19% to 24%. For the year 2000, Snohomish County’s percentage was identical to the national average, but lower than the Washington State average (28%), and significantly lower than the King County percentage of 40%.

Figure A-17

Percent of Population 25 Years & Over with Bachelor's Degrees or Higher, 1990 & 2000

50%

45% 40% 40% 35% 30% 24% 26% 28% 23% 33% 25% 24% 20% 19% 20% 23% 15% 19% 20% 10% 5% 0% Snohomish County total 2000 Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated subtotal King County 1990 Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

((A-16)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan

Labor force participation

After rapidly increasing in the 1970’s and 1980’s, female labor force participation rates have stabilized during the past decade. In 2000, 63% of females 16 and older were part of Snohomish County’s labor force (up only from 62% in 1990, after increasing from 53% in 1980 and 40% in 1970). Snohomish County’s year 2000 female labor force participation rate is very similar to King County’s (64%), but higher than both the State and National averages of 60% and 58% respectively.

Figure A-18

Female Labor Force Participation Rates, 1990 & 2000

100% 90% 80% 63% 65% 70% 61% 64% 60% 60% 58% 62% 64% 59% 63% 50% 58% 40% 57% 30% 20% 10% 0% Snohomish County 2000 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 1990 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-17)) General Policy Plan

Commuting patterns

Snohomish County’s proximity to King County’s large employment base greatly influences the commute pattern for workers residing in Snohomish County. Although the percentage of workers residing in Snohomish County that work outside the County was slightly lower in 2000 (37%) compared with 1990 (39%), these percentages are significantly higher than those observed in King County, Washington State, and the U.S. (with percentages of 7%, 18% and 27% respectively were observed in 2000). In numeric terms, the effect of King County jobs on Snohomish County’s workforce is substantial. The 2000 census determined that over 103,000 Snohomish County workers commuted daily to work locations within King County.

Figure A-19

Percent of Workers that Worked Outside County of Residence, 1990 & 2000

50%

45% 39% 38% 39% 40% 35% 37% 38% 37% 30%

25% 24%

20% 27% 16% 15% 18% 10% 7% 5% 0% 7% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Commute times to work for Snohomish County workers are increasing. Between 1990 and 2000, the percentage of Snohomish County workers that commuted 30 minutes or more to work increased from 39% to 46%. This 2000 percentage is higher than that observed in King County (40%), Washington State (35%) and the nation as a whole (34%).

((A-18)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan Figure A-20

Percent of Workers that Commute 30 Minutes or More to Work, 1990 & 2000

60%

49% 46% 50% 43%

40% 40% 43% 35% 39% 34%

35% 30% 36%

20% 30% 30%

10%

0% Snohomish County 2000 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 1990 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

While commute times increased for Snohomish County workers, there was a simultaneous reduction in the percentage of Snohomish County workers that drove alone to work during the 1990’s, dropping from 78% in 1990 to 75% in 2000. This 2000 percentage is higher than that observed in King County (69%), but closer to the Washington State average of 73% and the national average of 76%. Figure A-21

Percent of Workers that Drove Alone to Work, 1990 & 2000

100%

90% 78% 76% 79%

80% 71% 74% 73% 75% 77% 70% 73% 73% 76% 60% 69% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-19)) General Policy Plan

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Household Income Snohomish County median household income remains very similar to King County’s, and higher than both the state and national averages. The rate of increase in Snohomish County’s median household income between 1990 and 2000 was 44%, similar to the increases in King County’s income (47%), Washington State (47%) and nation (40%) as a whole during this time period. Figure A-22

Median Household Income, 1990 & 2000

$59,042 $60,000 $53,060 $53,157 $48,631

$50,000 $45,776

$41,994 $40,000 $36,847 $40,467 $36,179 $32,300 $30,000 $31,183 $30,056 $20,000

$10,000

$- Snohomish County 2000 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 1990 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau This gain in Snohomish County household income during the 1990’s contributed to stability in the county’s overall poverty rate during the same time period, with 7% of the county’s population below the poverty level in both 1990 and 2000. This compares with 8% in King County, 11% in Washington State overall and 12% nationwide in 2000. Figure A-23

Percent of Population Below Poverty Level, 1990 & 2000

25%

20%

15% 13%

11% 9% 10% 7% 8% 12% 5% 11% 8% 7% 5% 8% 6%

0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

((A-20)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan

Housing Characteristics

Home ownership rates rose during the 1990’s for Snohomish County, starting at 66% in 1990 and reaching 68% by 2000. This pattern was also observed in King County, Washington State and the nation as a whole. Home ownership rates in Snohomish County were higher than those observed in these other areas for both 1990 and 2000.

Figure A-24

Owner-Occupied Housing as a Percent of Total Households, 1990 & 2000

100% 90% 77% 80% 66% 70% 78% 68% 55% 59% 63% 64% 60% 59% 65% 66% 50% 60% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Snohomish County’s higher homeownership rates in the 1990’s occurred at the same time single family detached housing as a percent of total housing held constant. In Snohomish County, the percentage of total housing that was single family detached was 62% for both 1990 and 2000. As such, the gain in the homeownership rate in Snohomish County during the 1990’s was achieved without increasing the percentage of housing in the single family detached category. This finding was also observed in King County and Washington State where the percentage of housing stock that was single family detached actually decreased slightly between 1990 and 2000. These results indicate that homeownership opportunities are becoming increasingly available within housing types other than single family detached, especially in condominium and townhouse ownership categories.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-21)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-25

Single Family Detached Housing as a Percent of Total Housing Units, 1990 & 2000

100% 90% 80% 68% 62% 70% 55% 59% 63% 70% 60% 62% 59% 50% 55% 62% 57% 60% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Snohomish County’s existing housing stock is younger than King County’s, Washington State’s and the nation’s overall housing stock, both in 1990 and 2000. The predominance of younger housing stock is especially apparent in unincorporated portions of Snohomish County for both 1990 and 2000.

Figure A-26

Percent of Housing Units Built Within Last 20 Years, 1990 & 2000

100% 90% 80% 68% 70% 59%

60% 49%

43% 48% 50% 50% 55% 42% 40% 46% 30% 34% 38% 20% 33% 10% 0% Snohomish County 1990 total Snohomish County, City subtotal Snohomish County, Unincorporated King County 2000 subtotal Washington State United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Housing Affordability Conditions ((A-22)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan

Renter Households Median gross rents paid in Snohomish County rose by 43% during the 1990’s, from $536 at the start of the decade to $766 at the end of the decade (in current dollars, unadjusted for inflation). Median gross rents increased faster during the same time period in both King County and Washington State (by 49%), but slower in the nation overall (by 35%). (Gross rent is the contract rent plus the estimated average monthly cost of utilities and heating fuels.)

Figure A-27

Median Gross Rent, 1990 & 2000

$1,600

$1,400

$1,200

$766 $1,000 $758

$663 $800 $602 $600 $536 $400 $510 $445 $200 $447

$- 2000

Snohomish County total King County 1990 Washington State

United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

In order to evaluate changes in rent price affordability, increases in rents should be compared with renter household ability to pay for increasing rents over time. As we saw previously, median household incomes also rose during the decade. When median gross rent as a percentage of renter household income is calculated, the percentage of renter household income represented by median gross rent was unchanged at 26% between 1990 and 2000 for Snohomish County. This means that if measures of central tendency are used as an indicator, renter household income increases kept pace with increases in median gross rent over the decade. This same observation can be made in King County, Washington State and the nation as a whole.

For more detailed information on the number of renter households with high housing cost burdens, see the Snohomish County Tomorrow 2025 Fair Share Housing Allocation report and the Snohomish County Housing Needs Analysis, 2005.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-23)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-28

Median Gross Rent as a Percentage of Renter Household Income, 1990 & 2000

50% 45% 40%

35% 26% 26% 27% 30% 26%

25% 26% 26% 20% 26% 26% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2000

Snohomish County total King County 1990 Washington State

United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Owner Households The median value of owner-occupied housing units rose by 54% during the 1990’s in Snohomish County, from $127,200 in 1990 to $196,500 in 2000 (in current dollars, unadjusted for inflation). By comparison, rates of increase of 69% were observed during the 1990’s in King County, 80% in Washington State, and 51% in the U.S. overall. Snohomish County’s median value in 2000 exceeded that shown in Washington State and the nation overall; however, it was about $40,000 less per unit located in King County. Figure A-29

Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units, 1990 & 2000

$236,900 $250,000

$196,500

$200,000 $168,300

$150,000 $119,600 $140,100 $127,200 $100,000

$93,400 $50,000 $79,100

$- 2000

Snohomish County total King County 1990 Washington State

United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

((A-24)) Appendix A ((– County Profile)) Proposed Deletion of Appendix A of the General Policy Plan

General Policy Plan The median housing values shown above are based on homeowner estimates of the current market value of their housing. As such, these values (unless they are based on a recent mortgaged housing purchase by the homeowner) are not an indication of the actual housing costs the homeowner is incurring. To provide information on homeowner housing costs, the following graph shows for homeowners with a mortgage what their median monthly housing costs are for 1990 and 2000. (Monthly owner housing costs include payments for mortgages, deeds of trust, contracts to purchase, all other debts on the property, real estate taxes, insurance, utilities and heating fuels, and monthly condominium or mobile home park fees.)

Figure A-30

Median Monthly Owner Housing Cost (with Mortgage), 1990 & 2000

$1,514 $1,600 $1,425

$1,400 $1,268

$1,200 $1,088

$1,000

$840 $800 $876

$600 $738 $737 $400

$200

$- 2000

Snohomish County total King County 1990 Washington State

United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

As can be seen, median monthly owner housing costs rose by 70% during the 1990’s in Snohomish County, from $840 per month in 1990 to $1,425 per month in 2000 (in current dollars, unadjusted for inflation). By comparison, median monthly owner housing costs during the 1990’s rose by 73% in King County, 72% in Washington State, and 48% in the U.S. overall. At $1,425, Snohomish County’s median monthly owner housing cost in 2000 exceeded that observed in Washington State and the nation overall; however, it was nearly $100 less than that observed in King County.

As with the evaluation of changes in rent price affordability, an analysis of owner housing affordability trends needs to take into account changes in owner household income over time. As we saw previously, median household incomes also rose during the decade. Increases in monthly owner housing costs should be evaluated in the context of owner household ability to pay for increasing housing costs over time.

When median monthly owner housing costs as a percentage of owner household income is calculated, the percentage of owner household income represented by median monthly housing costs rose from 22% in 1990 to 25% in 2000 for Snohomish County overall. This means that if measures of central tendency are used as an indicator, owner household income increases did not keep pace with increases in median monthly owner housing costs over the decade. This same observation can be made in King County, Washington State, and, to a lesser extent, the nation as a whole.

Appendix A ((– County Profile A-25)) General Policy Plan

Figure A-31

Median Monthly Housing Costs for Owners with a Mortgage as a Percentage of Owner Household Income, 1990 & 2000

50% 45% 40% 35% 25% 24% 30% 24% 25% 22% 20% 22% 21% 15% 20% 21% 10% 5% 0% 2000

Snohomish County total King County 1990 Washington State

United States

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

For more detailed information on the number of owner households with high housing cost burdens, see the Snohomish County Tomorrow 2025 Fair Share Housing Allocation report and the Snohomish County Housing Needs Analysis, 2005.)) REPEALED BY ORDINANCE NO. 15-___

((A-26)) Appendix A ((– County Profile))