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Santé Et Pratiques Médicales Des Bretons Insulaires Et Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Âge (V-Xe siècles) : revue de la littérature ouverte, analyse croisée des données historiques et archéologiques Benjamin Franckaert To cite this version: Benjamin Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Âge (V-Xe siècles) : revue de la littérature ouverte, analyse croisée des données historiques et archéologiques. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2014. dumas-01006406 HAL Id: dumas-01006406 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01006406 Submitted on 16 Jun 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE FACULTE DE MEDECINE Année 2014 N° THESE POUR LE DIPLOME D’ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN MEDECINE Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 20 février 2014 par Benjamin FRANCKAERT Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Revue de la littérature ouverte, analyse croisée des données historiques et archéologiques. Jury : Pr. Arnaud CENAC, président. Dr. Patrice NABBE, directeur. Mme Magali COUMERT. Pr. Jean-Yves LE RESTE. Pr. Fabien ZAGNOLI. B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. 2 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. UNIVERSITE DE BREST - BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE Faculté de Médecine ***** AUTORISATION D’IMPRIMER **** Présentée par Monsieur le Professeur Arnaud CENAC Titre de la thèse : Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Revue de la littérature ouverte, analyse croisée des données historiques et archéologiques. ACCORD DU PRESIDENT DU JURY DE THESE SUR L’IMPRESSION DE LA THESE : OUI… NON… En foi de quoi la présente autorisation d’imprimer sa thèse est délivrée à M. FRANCKAERT Benjamin. Fait à Brest le 10/12/13. 3 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. 4 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. « La maladie ne prévalut jamais là où un tel médecin l’avait fait disparaître avec un tel remède. » Vita sancti Machutis, auctore Bili (Vie de saint Malo, par Bili), Livre I, § 38. 5 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. 6 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. A mon père, Pour m’avoir transmis sa passion de la médecine. 7 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. Remerciements : A mon président de thèse, le Pr. Arnaud CENAC (Professeur émérite de la faculté de médecine de Brest), pour m’avoir fait l’honneur d’accepter la présidence de cette thèse. A mon directeur de thèse, le Dr. Patrice NABBE (MCA de médecine générale de la faculté de médecine de Brest), pour m’avoir attentivement guidé dans mes recherches et dans mon cursus de médecine générale. A mes juges, Mme Magali COUMERT (Maître de Conférence Universitaire en histoire médiévale de la faculté de lettres de Brest) pour son aide précieuse lors de mes recherches documentaires et la correction de ce travail, le Pr. Jean-Yves LE RESTE (Professeur Associé des Universités, responsable du département universitaire de médecine générale de la faculté de médecine de Brest), le Pr. Fabien ZAGNOLI (Professeur agrégé du service de santé des armées) qui m’ont fait l’honneur de juger ce travail. En hommage aux Pr. Jean-Christophe CASSARD, Pr. Bernard MERDRIGNAC, deux grands historiens médiévistes qui ont profondément marqué l’étude des origines bretonnes et au Dr. Josick PEUZIAT, qui avait été l’un des pionniers de la paléopathologie en Bretagne dans le cadre de son travail sur les restes dentaires des populations de Saint-Urnel et de Landévennec. Tous trois m’avaient prodigués leurs conseils, leur aide et leur gentillesse au début de mes recherches, et l’année 2013 a vu leur triste disparition. A M. André-Yves BOURGES, M. Patrick GALLIOU, pour leur aide précieuse lors du début de mes recherches, au Dr. Thierry FERNANDEZ et pour m’avoir permis d’accéder à son travail et à toute son aide, à Mme Louise K. LOE pour son intérêt envers mes recherches et pour m’avoir aidé à accéder à son travail, à M. Gregor MARCHAND et à l’équipe de l’UMR 6566 du CReAAH pour m’avoir permis d’accéder aux ossements de la nécropole de Saint-Urnel ; à Mme Martine CARIOU pour son accueil au Musée de la Préhistoire Finistérienne de Penmarc’h ; à M. Matthew BUNKER, M. Gwendal GLOAGUEN et Mme Noémie LEDOUBLE pour leur aide lors de mes recherches documentaires ; Mme Katie HEMER et Mme Caron NEWMAN pour m’avoir informé de l’état d’avancement de leurs travaux ; Mme Frances LYNCH de la Cambrian Archaeological Association pour m’avoir permis l’accès aux publications de la revue Archaeologia Cambrensis ; Mme Michelle ZIEGLER pour sa discussion sur la peste justinienne ; M. Andrew DAVIDSON et sa fille Mme Jess DAVIDSON pour leur informations précieuses à propos des nécropoles du nord du Pays de Galles, Mme Betina JAKOB et M. Andrew MILLARD de l’université de Durham pour l’intérêt qu’ils ont porté à mon travail. A mes parents, ma sœur, ma compagne Sarah, mes amis, les membres de l’association Letavia pour leur soutien constant. 8 B. Franckaert. Santé et pratiques médicales des Bretons insulaires et continentaux du Haut Moyen Age (V-Xe siècles). Thèse de DES de médecine générale. 2014. PLAN Résumé. ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Abstract.............................................................................................................................................................. 16 Hypothèse de recherche : ............................................................................................................................. 17 Question de recherche :................................................................................................................................. 17 Liste des tableaux : ......................................................................................................................................... 18 Liste des figures : ............................................................................................................................................ 23 GLOSSAIRE....................................................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPITRE 1 – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 29 CHAPITRE 2 – MATERIELS ET METHODES ........................................................ 33 I – Cadre historique de l’étude ..................................................................................................................... 33 I.1 Définitions ................................................................................................................................................. 33 I.2 Terminologie de la période..................................................................................................................... 34 I.3 Les Bretons jusqu’au VIe siècle ............................................................................................................ 35 I.5 Les Bretons insulaires face aux Saxons .............................................................................................. 40 I.7 Culture et société..................................................................................................................................... 44 I.8 La religion ................................................................................................................................................. 45 I.9 Environnement et habitat........................................................................................................................ 48 I.10 Economie et échanges ......................................................................................................................... 51 II – Les textes anciens .................................................................................................................................... 55 II.1 Sources d’information ............................................................................................................................ 55 II.2 Critère d’exclusion.................................................................................................................................
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