Antietam National Battlefield Antietam: People and National Park Service U.S. Department of t e Interior Places

The Burnside Bridge in 1862 Procedure Antietam: People and Places is those on the battlefeld tour route At designed to help educators lead each of these stops, the educator can a tour of the Antietam National choose to either read the stories to Battlefeld It is also designed to be the students or to designate students used in conjunction with the ofcial to read aloud at each of the eleven Antietam National Battlefeld Park stops Please be sure to review both Service brochure While the brochure the park brochure and this guide focuses more on the military strategies before beginning your tour The total and tactics of the campaign and tour route is approximately 8 5 miles battle, this guide focuses instead on in length and should take, on average, human-interest stories It tells of local an hour to an hour and a half to inhabitants and several prominent complete soldiers who either endured or participated in the battle There are eleven stops on the Antietam: People and Places tour, each the same as Introduction The , fought reunions and to dedicate monuments on , 1862, was the in the late 1800’s The National Park bloodiest single day battle in service continues these eforts today American History with over 23,000 Park rangers, preservation workers, soldiers killed, wounded, or missing and park maintenance employees This battle and its aftermath had a preserve and protect the battlefeld profound impact on the men who and work to restore it to its historic fought here and the local people 1862 appearance This work could not who lived in the town of Sharpsburg be accomplished without the help of and on the surrounding farms volunteer groups such as scout troops, Houses, barns, and churches served history clubs, and school groups who as temporary hospitals flled with visit the battlefeld to learn about the wounded soldiers Farmers’ felds battle and volunteer their time became temporary burial grounds

As a result of the Union victory at Antietam, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation Since the Proclamation only freed slaves in states rebelling against the Union, enslaved people in would not be freed until 1864 when the State Constitution was rewritten This guide will help you learn about some of the soldiers and local people afected by the battle

Today, the battlefeld appears much the same as it did in 1862 Preservation eforts started when Civil War veterans returned for Stop 1: The unker Church The Dunker Church is one of the most wind storm In 1962, the Dunker famous landmarks on the Antietam Church was rebuilt, using some of the Battlefeld During the morning of the original bricks and foor boards battle, this small church was the focal point for many attacks The irony Thousands of men were injured was that the Dunkers were pacifsts; and hundreds died on the felds they preached and practiced peace surrounding the Dunker Church, and opposed any kind of violence including Charlie King, one of the and warfare The Dunkers, more youngest soldiers to die during the formally known as German Baptist entire Civil War Charlie King enlisted Brethren, acquired their nickname in 1861 at the age of 12 and served as a “Dunkers” for their practice of full- drummer boy in the 49th Pennsylvania immersion baptisms, locally in the Infantry He was generally kept out of waters of the Still in harm’s way because of his youth, but existence, they are ofcially known at Antietam King was struck by a shell as the Church of the Brethren today fragment Several of his comrades Historically, Dunkers wore plain, dark carried the grievously wounded boy clothing, and men grew full beards to a feld hospital where he would die They lived modest lives and disagreed of his wound three days later He was strongly with only thirteen years old

Immediately following the battle, the Dunker Church was used to shelter and care for the wounded Eventually services resumed and this building was used until 1899, when the congregations moved to their new church in Sharpsburg After years of neglect, the Dunker Church crumbled to the ground in 1921 after a ferce The unker Church Stop 2: The stone monument at this stop Following the battle, Clara Barton was placed here in honor of Clara collapsed in exhaustion She also Barton and in recognition of her became ill with typhoid fever heroic actions during the Battle of Returning to Washington, she soon Antietam Union Surgeon Dr James regained her strength and later Dunn wrote of Barton, “In my feeble returned to other battlefelds where estimation, General McClellan, with she helped care for the wounded and all his laurels, sinks into insignifcance dying beside the true heroine of the age, the angel of the battlefeld ” Arriving Miss Barton’s work extended far near the North Woods at about noon beyond the felds of battle At the on September 17, Barton watched conclusion of the war, Miss Barton as surgeons wrapped soldiers’ helped establish a National Cemetery wounds with corn husks, they being at Andersonville, This completely out of proper bandages experience launched a nationwide She delivered wagons loaded with campaign to locate the fnal resting bandages and other medical supplies, place for thousands of missing including lanterns, which enabled the soldiers In 1870, she traveled to army’s medical personnel to work Europe, there Miss Barton learned through the night of the International Association of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent As bullets whizzed overhead and Societies She returned to the artillery boomed in the distance, and began her most Barton cradled the heads of sufering enduring work, the efort to establish soldiers, prepared food, and brought the American Association of the water to the wounded men As she International Red Cross knelt down to give a wounded man a drink, she felt her sleeve quiver She noticed a bullet hole in her sleeve and discovered that the bullet killed the man for whom she was caring Clara Barton Stop 3: General Joseph Mansfield At age 59, General Joseph Mansfeld Twelfth Corps had never before was one of the oldest generals in the been in battle, Mansfeld wanted to A West Point graduate make sure they would hold up well and career army man, Mansfeld had during their frst fght Entering more than forty years of experience the East Woods around 7:30 that by the outbreak of Civil War He morning, Mansfeld rode to the front spent most of his prewar years as an of his lines, personally directing the engineer, designing fortifcations, placement of his regiments Seeing his improving roadways, and performing men open fre, Mansfeld mistakenly other important military and civil believed they were fring into their tasks He served with great distinction own men, the retreating soldiers in the Mexican-American War, being of the Union First Corps He soon severely wounded and receiving three discovered his error; there was a , or honorary promotions, for strong line of Confederate infantry gallantry in action Yet, despite his advancing The Confederates opened experience, when the Civil War began, fre before Mansfeld was able to Mansfeld found himself assigned gallop away, suddenly the old fghter to desk and garrison duties, where slumped from the saddle, shot in the he was far removed from the action chest, mortally wounded He died Wanting to return to the front lines, he the next day at a feld hospital on lobbied for an active feld command the George Line Farm, just over one for well over a year before, fnally, mile to the north His remains were in early September 1862, General transported to his native Connecticut George McClellan named Mansfeld for burial Today, a monument in commander of the Twelfth Army honor of Mansfeld stands at Tour Corps Stop 3, with his Mortuary Cannon, to mark the place where he fell, only The grizzled warrior took command a few yards away Mansfeld was the of this unit on September 15, only two highest ranking of the six generals to days before the Battle of Antietam give their lives at Antietam Because many of the soldiers in the Gen. Joseph K. F. Mansfield Stop 4: Johnny Cook Johnny Cook enlisted as a bugler with For his bravery at Antietam, Johnny Battery B, 4th United States Artillery Cook became one of the youngest During the Battle of Antietam, 15 year- soldiers ever to receive the Medal of old Johnny served as a messenger He Honor His ofcial and the other men in his unit came citation reads: “Volunteered at the age under heavy fre from Confederate of 15 years to act as a cannoneer, and soldiers along the Hagerstown Pike as such volunteer served a gun under a near the infamous Cornfeld When terrifc fre of the enemy ” The Medal Johnny returned from helping his of Honor is our Nation’s highest wounded commander to safety, he recognition for bravery Johnny went discovered that the other men serving on to serve at Gettysburg and several on the cannon had been killed other battles After the war, he moved Johnny began to load the cannon by back to his hometown of Cincinnati, himself until General Gibbon rode by, Ohio He died in 1915 and is buried in saw what was happening, jumped of Arlington National Cemetery his horse, and began to help the brave young cannoneer The Confederate soldiers came dangerously close, but Johnny and General Gibbon were able to man the cannon and push them back towards the West Woods Johnny Cook and the Medal of Honor Stop 5: General O. O. Howard-The One-Armed Abolitionist Warrior The tall monument you see at Tour Army of the Potomac’s Second Corps, Stop 5 is dedicated to the memory of which he led with great bravery and the , which was distinction at Antietam composed of the 69th, 71st, 72nd, and 106th Pennsylvania Infantry Between 1865 and 1872, Howard Regiments Within less than half an served as the commissioner of hour of confused and chaotic combat the ’s Bureau, which in the West Woods, these regiments provided assistance to almost four lost 93 men killed, 379 wounded, and million Americans released from 73 missing, for a total of 545 casualties enslavement This Bureau issued food Although these four regiments were and clothing, promoted education, recruited from the city of Philadelphia, helped freedmen legalize marriages, their brigade commander, General provided employment, investigated , was actually racial confrontations, and worked a native of Maine Born in 1830, with Africa-American soldiers and General Howard, a West Point sailors and their heirs to secure back graduate, was one of the youngest pay and pensions Oliver Howard generals of the Civil War He was founded , the a lifelong abolitionist who believed frst African-American Institution in the immediate emancipation of of higher education, and Lincoln slaves Entering the war as the Technical College in of the 4th Maine Infantry, Howard General Howard was a man devoted rose through the ranks all the way to to freedom and equality, and was major general At the battle of Seven willing to fght for his beliefs In Pines on June 1, 1862, Howard was 1893, the United States Congress shot in the right arm, which required issued Howard a Medal of Honor in amputation When he recovered recognition of his bravery at the battle from this injury, he took command of Seven Pines Oliver Howard died in of the Philadelphia Brigade in the 1909 Gen. Oliver Otis Howard Stop 6: The Mumma Family Samuel and Elizabeth Mumma and why The relatively short period of several of their 13 children (some of ownership and his religious beliefs, whom were by Samuel’s frst wife, however, suggests that he intended to Barbara, who died in 1833) lived on manumit them after purchase this farm in front of you Also living here in 1862 was a thirteen-year-old The family evacuated their home two boy, Lloyd Wilson He had been one days before the battle and with other of two slaves owned by the Mumma Sharpsburg residents, took refuge Family Both were manumitted in a small church a few miles north (formally emancipated or freed) in When the Mummas returned home 1856, however Maryland law required on September 19 they found only the freed slaves to stay with their former charred remains of their house and owners until they reached the age of barn They later learned that during eighteen According to Washington the early morning on September 17 County land records of the Mumma Confederate soldiers burned the household, Lloyd’s “freedom [was] to buildings This was the only deliberate commence on the frst day of August, destruction of civilian property in the year 1869 ” However, Lloyd during the battle The Mummas would not have to wait that long to were left with nothing and never saw become a free man Although the compensation for their losses The Emancipation Proclamation did not following year the Mummas rebuilt free slaves in Maryland, since the their home state was not in rebellion, the state legislature abolished slavery in 1864, meaning that Lloyd, although only ffteen, was no longer bound to the Mumma Family Although we know that Samuel Mumma owned slaves, the historic record does not tell us Samuel and Elizabeth Mumma and their estroyed Farm Stop 7: The Roulettes William and Margaret Roulette lived the battle the rooms were stripped of at this farm with their fve children their furnishings and the foors were during the battle The Roulettes did covered with the blood and dirt and not own slaves, but did employ Nancy litter of a feld hospital…” Camel, a former slave, as a domestic servant A young African-American More importantly than the damage man, Robert Simon age 15, also to the house, a month following the resided here, working as a farm hand battle, eighteen-month-old Carrie May Roulette died of typhoid fever After the battle, the Roulette Farm Although the Roulettes could reclaim served as a hospital and over 700 their possessions, they could never dead from the Bloody Lane area replace the loss of their child were buried on the property One eyewitness account of the Roulette house damages, by Chaplain Stevens of the 14th Connecticut said “Bullets pierced it on the day of battle, and one huge shell tore through the west side, a little above the foor, and going through the parlor in an upward course passed through the ceiling and a wall beyond and fell harmless amid a heap of rubbish it had created, where we saw it many times that day During Nancy Camel and the Roulette Farm in 1862 Stop 8: General George B. Anderson Throughout the morning hours, was wounded in the foot Though Confederate soldiers in the Sunken a very painful wound, the doctors Road listened as the sounds of battle decided that it was not dangerous raged to the north These were veteran and predicted that Anderson would soldiers who knew the fghting would make a full recovery Placed on a surely head in their direction Soon, wagon, the wounded Anderson the sounds of battle gave way to a made the long journey back to his more threatening sound: the sound of home and family in Raleigh, North thousands of Union troops marching Carolina Unfortunately, by the time directly toward their position, with he arrived , infection had set in and the the drumbeats getting louder and the general’s foot had to be amputated ofcers’ orders clearly audible At 9:30 The amputation was performed, but a m , a wave of Union troops appeared Anderson never recovered He died of above the crest of the ridge just a his wound on the morning of October few dozen yards to their front The 16, nearly one month after the battle Confederates greeted them with a wall of musketry

For the next three hours, a storm of shot and shell flled the air in and around the Sunken Road and casualties mounted quickly Many Confederate ofcers fell, including thirty-one-year-old Brigadier General George B Anderson A West Point graduate, Anderson was one of the best young generals in the Confederate army Around 10:00 a m , Anderson Gen. George B. Anderson Stop 9: The Burnside Bridge & Sergeant William McKinley In addition to the Dunker Church and Sergeant McKinley served with great the Sunken Road, the Burnside Bridge distinction in the war Thirty four is one of the most famous landmarks years later, McKinley was elected on the Antietam Battlefeld It was President of the United States He was named after Union General Ambrose reelected in 1900 but, one year later, Burnside, whose 9th Corps troops he was assassinated Following his struggled to gain possession of the death, the McKinley monument was bridge on the morning of September placed near the bridge to pay tribute to 17 Before the battle, the bridge, the old Civil War veteran who survived which was built in 1836, was known the war, only to be gunned down by an as the Rohrbach Bridge, the name of assassin’s bullet Interestingly enough, a local farm family One of the most McKinley’s Civil War commander was recognizable fgures of the Civil War none other than Colonel Rutherford with his distinctive whiskers—or B Hayes, who was also elected “sideburns”— president in the years following the faced a very difcult challenge in war Because two future presidents attacking the bridge, which was came from this one regiment, the 23rd defended by both Confederate Ohio is best known today as “The infantry and artillery It took several President’s Regiment ” attempts, but Burnside’s men were able to carry the bridge at around 12:45 that afternoon, at a cost of 500 men killed or wounded

One of the soldiers who fought in Burnside’s 9th Corps was nineteen- year-old William McKinley He served as a Commissary Sergeant in the 23rd Ohio; it was his job to make sure the troops were fed Commissary William McKinley and the Burnside Bridge Stop 10: General Isaac Peace Rodman Most of the generals who served at the frst Union troops to cross the Antietam were career soldiers with Antietam Creek on the southern many years of experience In fact, portion of the battlefeld when they more than 90% were graduates of waded Snavely’s Ford around noon the United States Military Academy Later that afternoon, Rodman’s men at West Point But there were a few drove Confederate troops from the who were not trained or educated high ground to your right Rodman as military ofcers One of the most was leading his men to the streets of prominent of these non-professional Sharpsburg and stood on the verge soldiers was Isaac Peace Rodman, of achieving a crushing victory when a native of Rhode Island Rodman disaster struck on his exposed left was a merchant and state politician fank When the Civil War commenced in April 1861, forty-year-old Rodman A P Hill’s Confederates arrived from volunteered to fght Since he was Harpers Ferry, after a seventeen-mile- such a well-known member of his trek up the Potomac, just in time to community, he was elected as a turn back Rodman’s attack During captain in the 2nd Rhode Island the chaotic fghting that ensued, Volunteer Infantry During the frst Rodman was shot in the chest and year of the war, Rodman proved fell from his horse He was carried himself to be a great leader and a very to the rear, but the wound proved brave ofcer who was never afraid mortal Isaac Peace Rodman died on to lead from the front His superiors, September 30, less than two weeks including General Ambrose Burnside, after the battle He was one of the six recognized Rodman’s skills and generals to give his life at Antietam, talents and he rose steadily through and the spot where he fell is marked by the ranks a mortuary cannon at the base of the tall monument on the high ground to By September 1862, Rodman was a the west commander in Burnside’s 9th Army Corps His men were Gen. Isaac P. Rodman Stop 11: The Antietam National Cemetery & “Old Simon” Dedicated on September 17, 1867, Exposition in Philadelphia, PA, in the fve-year anniversary of the battle, 1876 It was disassembled again for the Antietam National Cemetery the long journey to Sharpsburg On contains the remains of more 4,700 September 17, 1880, the statue was Union soldiers who were either fnally in place where it was formally killed or mortally wounded at the dedicated The journey of “Old battles of Antietam, South Mountain, Simon,” as he is known locally, had Monocacy, and other actions in been delayed for several months Maryland In addition, there are when the section from the waist up more than 200 non-Civil War burials fell into the river at Washington, D C mostly veterans and their spouses When retrieved, it was transported from World War I, World War II, on the C&O Canal, and dragged by and the Korean War The National using huge, wooden rollers through Cemetery was closed in 1953 due to Sharpsburg to the cemetery The space limitations Toward the rear inscription on the monument reads, right wall are several graves of African- “Not for themselves, but for their American veterans from the World country ” Wars Their segregated graves serve as a reminder of the days before the integration of troops and illustrate the discrimination African-Americans faced even in death

The colossal structure of granite standing in the center of the cemetery reaches skyward 44 feet-7 inches, weighs 250 tons, and is made up of 27 pieces The statue depicts a Union infantryman facing north, toward his home The “Private Soldier” frst stood at the gateway of the Centennial Antietam National Cemetery