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GAZETTEER, B O~IBA Y ,p ItESIDENCY. I, I . RATNAGIRI AND SAVANTVADI. Under Go:,e,rn,Tnent Orders ~omta~ : PRIliTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTtl.AL PRESS. 1880. THE chiel eontribntor to the natnagiri Account is Mr. G. W. Vidal, C.S. Mr. Vidal has, besides supplying materials for pa~ts of the sections on Trade, Mal!.ufactures, H1story, Land AdministratlOn, Sub-dlVIsions, and Places of Interest, prepared and reVIsed the DescriptlOD, Production, and Capital Chapters. For Land Adminis tration ~d Places of Interest much assistance has heen recelved from Mr. A. T. Crawfurd, C.S. Th~ bulk of the Savantva.di Account is from a. memoir written for the Bombay Gazetteer by Colonel J. F. Lester the last Political Agent. As mr as possible the nlUlles of other contributors are shown in the body of the book. JA.M.ES M. CAMPBELL. August 1880. CONTENTS . • 'RATNA'GIRI. Chapter I.-Descnption. PAGE PositiOn and Area; Boundanes; Sub.divisions; A~pect 1·3 Hlils ; Rivers ; Lakes .• 4·11 Geology j Water-supply; Chmate 12.28 Chapter XL-Production. MInerals; Forests,,; Trees 29·40 .Animals; Snakes j Birds; Fish 41.103 Chapter m.-Population. Introduction; Census Details (1820, 1846, 1872) ••• 103.109 Ral"e DlV1sions ... 11 0 • 135 Villages; Houses; Communities; Movements of the People . 136.143 Chapter VI.-Agriculture. Soil, IrrigatlOD; Holdings j Stock; Crops j Tillage Details; Cultivator!!; Bad Seasons ... 144.1.53 Chapter V.-Ca.pital. Capltahsts; Currency; Exchange Bills; Classes who Save; Modes of Investment; Money.lending j Interest .•. 154.159 'Borrowers; Land Transfers; Labour Mortgage; Wllges; Prices ; Weights and Measures ... 160 .165 / Chapter VI.-r ade. Communiclltions j Tolls; Rest.houses; Ferries, Shipping; Light-housesl Post and Telegraph Offices ... 166.173 TRADE: Early; SIXteenth. N Uleteenth Century j Tradt'rs ; Course of Trade; Sea. Trade ; Custo~s DlVisions ... 174. 186 Industries; Trade Guilds ... 187· 191 ~ Chapter VII.-~ -- Early Hindus (B.C. 200. AD.1312) ; Masalmans (1312 .16(0) j MaratJuls (1660.1818); the Brltiah(181S'1880) '" 192.199 ii CONTENTS. Chapter VIIL-Land Administra.tion. PAOli Sec. I.-Changes and Sta.tt ... 200·203 Sec. n.-TENURES : Kho41 ; Pea.sant Holders; Tenant6 ... 204·213 SCD. lll.-BIB·r01l.Y : Bijnpul', Shivaji, Sambhaji, Sldi, Angria, and Pesbwa. Land Settlements (1502·1818) ... ... 214.213 British Conquest (1818) ; Staff (1818); Landholders (1818) ; Dritlsh Changes (1818 ·1825) ... ... 219 -2 35 SurveY'll (1827.1851) ... 236.240 Capt.ain Wwgate'l:l Survey Report ... 24.1.243 Surveys (1851.1876)... • .• 244· 2.'i2 Khot Commission; Government Decimon; Final Settle. ment (1877 .18(9); Sarvey Results (1855.1878); Special Tenures ." 253 - 262 Seo. lV.-SEASON RE,fORT8 ... 263·265 Chapter IK.-Justice. Changes; Staff; Civil Justice ... 266·'69 'Registration; Criminal Justice; Police; Jails ... 270·274 Chapter X.-Revenue and Finance. Balance Sheet ... •.• 275·279 I' • . Local FUnds; Municipalities ... 280 ·281 Chapur KI.-Instruction. Schools j Persbns able to R~ad and Wr~te (1872); Race of Pupus; ToWn and Village Education i Libraries; News. papers • •.. 282 - 291 Chapter KII.-Health. Diseases; Hospitals; Cattle Diseasei; Vaccilla.tiOIl ~ BIrths and. Deaths ... 292· 2!J5 Chapter nU.-Sub·divisions ... 296. 316 Chapter XIV.-Placea of Intel'est ... 317·38" SA'VANTVA'DI. Chap~t r:-Description. Position and Area; Boundaries i Sub·divisions j Aspect ... 387 ·3SS , Rivers; La.kes i Geology; Climate ••• ...389·400 Chapter II.-Production. • Min(\1'8.ls i Trees i Animals i Birds; Fisb ... 401.406 CIlApt., III.-PopulatlOn. Conllu, Dotails (1844, 1851, 18i'2) ... ... 407·408 Iutr'oductory Details ~ ~8 DlvisioM; Villagc.t; Communities; , Movement. ... 409.422 CONTENTS. iii Chapter lV.-Agriculture. PAGIII Soil; Arable Area j Irrigation; Tillage; Holdings; Stock; Crops; Tillage Details; Bad Seasons; Cultivators ••• 423.427 Chapter V.-Capital. Modes of Investment; Money.lenders; Interest; Cul'l'ency; Land Transfers; Labour Mortgage; Wages j Prices i Weights and Measures . ... 428. 43~ Chapter VI.-Trade. Roads; Tolls ; Bridges i Rest-houses; Boats; P013t Offices; Trade i ~du8tries i,. Fairs ... 433. 438 Chapter VII.-History. Early Hindus (500 -1500); Musalmans (1500. i627) ; Sa.vants (1628 -1880) ... .. 439·447 Chapter VUI.-Land Administration. • Staff ; Administration j Tenures; Survey ... 448.451 Chapter IX.-Justice ... 452.454- Chapter X.-Revenue and_ Finance ... 455.457 Chapter XI.-Instructlon ... 458·459 Chapter XIl.-Health ... 460.462 chapter DlI.-Places of Intereat ... 463-469 L.WEX ... 471.481 ASlell8eel '1'UIIS :;."6. A. As pect ~ 3 S. 3$1 At.h veth .. hb<lI" W, ~.)6 ... J nold I, 231, ~~!. Abdul Ram J'11ant cenob,.h d ttr!. A Tra fort ~::~ Account Books' I~ • .,..- ,"l~h 2~~ A.e"''''~ l"-'~ t.Al)(lrta ~O(llUlpt'rt.s N, l')tt t ph,-"'f' B of mt81'C8t, 31 i Bab bIers ,1 ...~. 01 hll I .. ~3. Ach~a mer. 10; quartZIte Ill1, •• at. U ll.l.hlnBJU lunp I (\:H1 1.><A)). I!I! • ,1"",~~11\' a lm.>lv.a, PlH"tl'61...eH 'u. ..-ero) tl~lIJ8), B l.lheka.: 11 ....... t,ll. no Hl. e\ll. Bagmllndla pl""" ..flLtordt 311) Ada Cl'et'k, 11 B.llurr.vgad fort., III '1 Ade pl&Je of mtercst, 317 B.iJub Peahva (l'illl, :. •••1, ~ III Adliila _ae DIJ"man Ahna plaes of 'uk ..... ,. 317 B \l8.\' .", \l""b!" Ito Balli. Lib upper (",'t. 3'; I, 3'.~. AimuUl!tratlve Sub dl'llSlons ::l S. aS7. A:lur _ Borya. BallllU' ru')''lue at ••,~ Bl\lll.nce :?;-, ~7:) .t.,,; , ••; Age popuh'lOn """,-,,,lID,! to, lOS. sheet S. Agreements terms 01 "holt, 2,15 note 2 Balhara lung. 11:? 1 • I n .t<. 3 • Ilk! nut,., 1. Agnculture 144·153 8.423·427. Banda h,re,: t .. ') I"n I ... ~n, t .f. Agricu.ltura.l Stock 10ld Banda. auu dl\'181 1 ,n. 3~1" fl\rr. 3...""". to ~ u. - Agri B.l.gaya.t salt g&.den I... d. 144 hl&tu,y, furt, re U:lJn.'. "'1·4.~ Akbar AUNIongzeb·. SOn (l686).~6o. 377 Bandar Sikhri pI... " of \Ote...... L, :l.?O Aken place of mkrest, 4b3. Bandh Tlvra to t<ak n",m e, 32- AllOW?oces "ran" of, 139. Bankot knees t,&k I.·, ...I~ Alluvutl D!POSltS tue P""hag.rl. 19. S 393, Bankot. Mu....lmans "C. 1'\3, I'A 17Z: l"I'.. ~ A".:~a h.1l r~"'" 1Gb an·1 notp 2, 11>9. 1;/j IU.\.! Inlp~ .. ta of, 1S3, .""" l,r .IlW_to 3~·.l~ A",UtI..li Illl1 p,os, Ibo. 1;8, Bankers 154. Am Qoll Bee l' ~rpuh S. PI",," of lUI<; cst, 463. B41 baSil. 1 (l.jI4) tra\ eller, :l19, 3j3, 37:! Ambelg~" [",t, ·n7 . :B,ubeta . c1 .... of lnr.l8. 67 .dna.<)nra J, 11 P"88, 166. 177. Buds and Actors 1.2.,. S 415. Angn§..s th~ \lbPS·175U,. 1\1;) : ta<ea leVIed by Bardeshkar a Shell>" ••1>-1\1\.", "'.411 bl. ... ~.I{·l'uIJJ •• 31S, 1.18. 3&0,383 nete 1 8.4'0. ~J.vdll. b.1l pa«. 1f.o ?BaJa .. -. -.• ~ ." 4J S 411;) Bas~t ,111m" .......... -... ~" AnJanvel customs dn..,,,,,, '. __ • ~"'~)"1. ".un,j~r (II .lll, 119 DOW I. r.Z of 18!, phce of mteN.t, 318 Basselll Treat, III (ISO.!). 198. AnJarlll, p1a.ce of Intere.t, 319 Baul nee BOll, 1·14. Anjarla' see Jog. Bell.rI .•.,. {;,....d.... Ax . snake, 48 :Beds TrIlV&llkor. 17. Arabs early, 132 Bedstead. atone, 401 note 1 ~u,le area. l-l5 S 423 Bee·eater the C"'"nhln Ind.an. ~. Arbltrahon Court 2;0 Beldatra : awnl' Lntte ..... 1~'9 ArdA<i.lS tenants ,I"IR). 228. 232. 2M Bele • Mlw ,,"h·.1'\I'I011. 417. Ar&nnda : Ltke. 389. Belda.rva.di vIllage of. 3'6 IlI.\J ilute 2. Area 1 S 387 Berads a d.eiJre_i cW'I&, .'6. ruth ana 12.5, borrow""" 161 Betel River 175, 3~7 D ..t" , bham:1t n"er, 13 Betel gt'., .... th of (1514). 1.5 nute 4. bsistant Judge Jum.llctlon 0' the, 267. BhadbhunJ3.a "alll'pat,hen., Ur,. --- ------- • In this Index 8. atands f;)r b~ var.t.vlI (h. Vi2 INDEX. Ehagvantgad' (ort, 3~3 Ch8.lukyas (A.D.tIiOOJ, 11)2,)93',87;>. S ' bh'{ 4J9, 4G.~ Bhandans I [)uHiva.toos, 124. 1111,152. U).3, 171. Ch... m ... ra· .hoemaklll'l!, 121), 141. S.411i S 414,426 Chandvad old rupee. lli4 Bharatgad fort, :l:?~, Chapel Huntel melQona~ 136 Ehtita l'ellglous ""l'g"TS. 131 S. 418 Chaplets. use of, 110 ,wta 1. I lA.alief" l~(). 17l. Ehll.tul.s Chauk.al· KoIM1JUr, \ I, t<Jry at (18()1l) 198 Bhath level nplllr,d sOil, 14.';. Chaukuli· a Bera<l \ tllagc, 416 •• BhavII.ngad fu.t, 323. Chaul Balllara del)an~enc.l, 193 n"te I Rhame l'ro,t.ltuhs. 126. Chci.vkoni· Akba.r's F'Iu.ale rupe". lr.~ Bhekra : d,.e', 46 Cbeiroptera.· 8ub-ol·.1l'r "f llmmal., 4'1- BhLStis' water dmwu-s. 127. Chikodi: oidrupee, 1;ii., Bhois. fishers. 128, S. 4B. Chlll1 ''"''It Job. {ltO:OO , ~1 .. ,,~ 4- Bhojdev. K"lh:tpur due! (1190), 19.;, 3:15, ChUlled ~\"ll\&h<,\, nf. hr! Bhorpis : rop'" tlaIJ~ers. }'!6.. Chiplull ."I\.,livm',n.c: tl.C<'Ol<r,t, 2, :101 :'03: tnute Bhovya. ('attJ" UI8e~,,\ 2114. (18!lO), 130, l," ...... l""T"l.t.C\Jl, tr.. de,W8J 1lltact1Uea, EhuteB . rebgJ(ous h<'ggate, lSI. trla,nl\g~m~nt, b!8tory. rock t.:1T.l'lC~, ,,~ • .1.:t. Bigha. Jaml measure, 164 Chitaris: l'al/ltel'\!, 41.;, 41&, 438. B1Japur kings (160,1.1600),195. 8. (1500·1627). ChitpavlUl8 ,. BrAhm,1Jl lIuh·dlVl•• on, Ill·lIlIj 439, dlaler·t, pecuitantl68 of, III no&c 4: l~ndbnldeTI, Birds :5~.99 S.40;' 138 S 411 Blson: 46.