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Communities in Action: Participatory Assessments As an Initial Stage in Critical Consciousness Raising and Community Capacity Building Carizma Amila Chapman

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Communities in Action: Participatory Assessments As an Initial Stage in Critical Consciousness Raising and Community Capacity Building Carizma Amila Chapman Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 9-2015 Communities in Action: Participatory Assessments as an Initial Stage in Critical Consciousness Raising and Community Capacity Building Carizma Amila Chapman Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Chapman, Carizma Amila, "Communities in Action: Participatory Assessments as an Initial Stage in Critical Consciousness Raising and Community Capacity Building" (2015). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 345. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/345 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Behavioral Health in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Communities in Action: Participatory Assessments as an Initial Stage in Critical Consciousness Raising and Community Capacity Building by Carizma Amila Chapman ____________________ A project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor in Marriage and Family Therapy ____________________ September 2015 © 2015 Carizma Amila Chapman All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this dissertation in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. , Chairperson Dr. Colwick Wilson, Professor of Counseling and Family Sciences Dr. Brian Distelberg, Assistant Professor of Counseling and Family Sciences Dr. Stephen Dunbar, Associate Professor of Earth and Biological Sciences Dr. Douglas Huenergardt, Associate Chair of the Department of Counseling and Family Sciences iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS God Por medio de ti he nacido, me quede dormida, y luego desperté. Ha sido una jornada muy difícil, la cual he experimentado como una muerte. Ahora se, que estoy en una evolución. Estoy dejando de ser una mujer en la cual fui, y mientras desenvolviéndome en la mujer que ahora debo de ser. Ahora he entendido y he aceptado que estoy en el lugar exacto donde debo de estar y eso es por su sabiduría divina, fidelidad, y una presencia que siempre me gobierna y esta guiándome adonde debo ir. Humildemente ofreciéndome a ti, un símbolo de mi compromiso para cultivar la comunidad y para iluminar tu amor. Gracias por tu gracia y compasión, en ellas he sido dada unos nuevos ojos para ver, un corazón sanado el cual ahora puede sentir, y una consciencia mayor para entender, lo cual todo lo necesito, para servirte. Committee Dr. Wilson, Dr. Huenergardt, Dr. Distleberg, & Dr. Dunbar (Dissertation Committee), I am incredibly thankful to you my dissertation committee. Your unfailing support and guidance has been instrumental in developing my ability to serve families and communities. It has also led to my successful completion of this doctoral project. I have deeply appreciated your consistent encouragement and support. You have not only advanced my professional skills, but you have also inspired my work. I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Wilson, my Project Chair and to Dr. Huenergardt my Program Director. Dr. Wilson, you are an incredible mentor. Since our first meeting, you have had a critical influence on my professional development. Your support enabled me to develop and actualize many professional goals. You helped met to dream new iv dreams and for that I am incredibly thankful. Thank you for helping me to expand upon my visions, for supporting my professional development with your curiosity and wisdom, and for inspiring me. Dr. Huenergardt you have also been instrumental in helping me take my budding dreams and turn them into reality. Your passion, wisdom, and encouragement have been critical in helping me to trust my own passion and curiosities, and act on them. Thank you for providing the space and opportunities for me to explore my interests and skills, and for assisting my in honing those skills to promote healing. Family, Friends, and Community Support My evolution as a professional and as a person has been intricately shaped by a number of people. I am very aware that my actualization of this professional dream is possible in part because of the love, encouragement, and at times sacrifices of many family, friends, and colleagues. Thank you to the many people and communities that have supported my personal and professional development. Your kind acts have never been lost to me, I will be forever grateful to you for your support, and I will demonstrate my appreciation through my work. I will continue to return the kindness that you bestowed to me by offering the same compassion and guidance to those who cross my path. In particular, I want to thank the following people, groups, and communities for sharing wisdom, nurturing my creativity, inspiring me, and entertaining and encouraging my vision during the good, the bad, and the crazy. Dr. Karen Caldwell Dr. Jack Mulgrew Dr. Jon Winke Dr. Carmen Knudson-Martin Dr. Greg Blanton Dr. Tisa Lewis Conrad Eubanks David Roberts Francesqua Chapman Nadia Chapman Ariel Howard Lurrie Este v Mirela Mujkanovic Ms. Lenski Jim Abbott St. Matthias Church Diane and Bill Mance Pastor Louise Laura Montane Bailey Joey Higgens Mrs. Freeman Takisha Wallace Anthony Manfre Jenny Geer-Hardick Regina Powell Romona Olyede Dr. Mary Moline Albert and Donovan Amador Melinda Waldron Jessica Pazur El Venado Community Bobbie-Ann Gordon Nicole Warrington Melanie Warrington Auntie Diane Lolita Walker Punta Raton Community Dr. Jessica Chen Lidia Salinas Loma Linda University BHI Ingrid Bolick Pam Perez AAMFT/SAMSHA Minority LLU GHI Anahi Tovar Fellowship Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Approval Page .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... xi Abstract ............................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Project Background ............................................................................................ 3 Problem Statement ............................................................................................. 6 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 8 Community Based Participatory Action Research ............................................. 8 Poverty ............................................................................................................. 11 Environmental Degradation ............................................................................. 14 Limited Food Accessibility and Malnutrition .................................................. 16 Educational Resources ..................................................................................... 18 Health ............................................................................................................... 21 Women’s Sense of Belonging, Marginalization, and Single Parenthood ........ 24 Culture, Intersecting Identities, and Intersecting Phenomena ........................ 277 Wholeness, Interdependence, and Power ......................................................... 30 Context and Development ................................................................................ 34 Resilience ....................................................................................................... 366 3. Purpose of the Project ............................................................................................. 38 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 38 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................. 411 4. Methodology ........................................................................................................... 51 vii Participants ..................................................................................................... 555 Data Collection - Procedure ........................................................................... 566 Content Analysis ............................................................................................. 666 5. Results ..................................................................................................................
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