DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Madrasa Curriculum in the Muslim Community Education, Identity, and Christian-Muslim Relations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Madrasa Curriculum in the Muslim Community Education, Identity, and Christian-Muslim Relations THE ROLE OF MADRASA CURRICULUM IN THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY EDUCATION, IDENTITY AND CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS: A CASE OF MUMIAS WEST CONSTITUENCY MURUA IBRAHIM JUMA A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RELIGIOUS STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2016 i DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented for any academic award in any other university. _____________________ ___________ MURUA IBRAHIM JUMA DATE C50/68998/2013 This projecthas been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors. _____________________ ___________ DR.ABDULKADIR HASHIM DATE Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies University of Nairobi _____________________ ___________ DR.ABRAHAMWAMBUA DATE Department ofPhilosophy and Religious Studies University of Nairobi ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to the late Prof. Ali Mazrui, Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, and Shaaban Bin Robertfor their tireless struggle for the emancipation of African culture, history, scholarship, and individuality from negative European or Euro-centric depiction. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I take this opportunity to thank the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies for allowing me to study the phenomenon of religion. I wish also to thank the Chairman of the Department, Prof. S. I. Akaranga, for his challenging but instructive advice. Furthermore, innumerable gratitude goes to my supervisors, Dr. Hashim, A. and Dr. Wambua, A. for their invaluable advice and scholarly guidance. I particularly thank the two for their patience, encouragement, and persistence. Let me also extend my gratitude to my two research assistants; Abubakar Hamis and Sheikh Omar Mombo of Sheikh Khalifa Masjid, Lukoye. I also wish to thank my fellow students; Kenneth Ng‟ang‟a and Fancy Cheronoin the department for their constructive criticism, suggestions, and perspective. My thanks also go to my wives, Mwanatena Auma and Mariam Ibrahim Mbeke for their patience, encouragements and selfless guidance. My children; Asya Bahati, Emmanuel Hashim, and Tasneem Zawadi must also be thanked for their patience during prolonged absence during my study. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................... ix A GLOSSARY OF ISLAMIC TERMS ............................................................. x A GLOSSARY OF SWAHILI TERMS ........................................................... xv A GLOSSARY OF WANGA TERMS ............................................................. xvi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xvii CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1 1.1 Background to the Problem .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem.............................................................................. 6 1.3 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 7 1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study .............................................................. 8 1.5 Justification of the Study .............................................................................. 9 1.6 Literature Review ....................................................................................... 10 1.6.1 Content and Goals of the Madrasa Curriculum ...................................... 10 1.6.2 Madrasa Curriculum and Muslim Community Identity .......................... 12 1.6.3 Madrasa Curriculum and Christian-Muslim Relations ........................... 14 1.6.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 15 1.7 Theoretical Framework of the Study .......................................................... 16 1.8 Research Hypotheses .................................................................................. 19 1.9 Research Methodology ............................................................................... 19 1.9.1 Research Design ...................................................................................... 19 1.9.2 Location of the Study............................................................................... 20 1.9.3 Target Population..................................................................................... 21 1.9.4 Sample and Sampling Procedures ........................................................... 21 1.9.5 Research Instruments ............................................................................... 21 1.9.6 Validity of the Instruments ...................................................................... 22 1.9.7 Reliability of the Instruments .................................................................. 23 1.9.8 Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER TWO:THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MADRASA SCHOOLING IN KENYA ........................................................ 24 2.0 Introduction................................................................................................. 24 v 2.1 The General Conceptof Education and Curriculum ................................... 24 2.2 Kenya National Goals of Education ........................................................... 29 2.3 Islamic Concept of Education and Educational Goals ............................... 30 2.3.1 The Qur’anic Basis of Islamic Education ............................................... 31 2.3.2The Hadith Basis of Islamic Education .................................................... 32 2.4 Muslim Traditional Learning ...................................................................... 34 2.5 Wanga Indigenous Religion ....................................................................... 36 2.6 Madrasa Curriculum in the Colonial Context ............................................ 37 2.7 Madrasa Curriculum in the Post-Colonial Context .................................... 40 2.8 The Goals and the Role of the Madrasa Curriculum ................................. 44 2.9 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 46 CHAPTER THREE:MUSLIM COMMUNITY IDENTITY ..................... 47 3.0 Introduction................................................................................................. 47 3.1 Primary and Secondary Identities ............................................................... 47 3.2 The Madrasa Curriculum and the Muslim Community Identity................ 48 3.3 Subjects in the Formal MadrasaCurriculum .............................................. 49 3.4Language and identity.................................................................................. 52 3.5 Islamic Traditions and their Scripture ........................................................ 53 3.6 Islamic Rituals and Naming........................................................................ 56 3.7 Marriage (Nikah) ........................................................................................ 58 3.8 Food and Eating Habits .............................................................................. 60 3.9 Dressing Style ............................................................................................. 62 3.10 Death Rituals ............................................................................................ 63 3.11 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 63 CHAPTER FOUR:CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS ........................ 65 4.0 Introduction................................................................................................. 65 4.1 Islamic Foundations of Christian-Muslim Relations .................................. 65 4.2 The Historical Roots of Christian-Muslim Relations in Kenya.................. 68 4.3 Christian-Muslim Relations in Mumias West Constituency ...................... 76 4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 79 vi CHAPTER FIVE:SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................... 81 5.1 Summary of the Findings ........................................................................... 81 5.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................ 84 5.3 Recommendations....................................................................................... 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 88 APPENDICES ................................................................................................. 95 Appendix A: List of oral respondents. .............................................................. 95 Appendix B: Questionnaire
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: the Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi's Work
    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 5 S1 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy September 2015 Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: The Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi’s Work Fadlan Mohd Othman1 Lutpi Mustafa1 Mohd Arif Nazri1 Ahamad Asmadi Sakat1 Abur Hamdi Usman2 Mohd Akil Muhamed Ali1 Muhamad Rozaimi Ramle3 1 Faculty of Islamic Studies, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2 International Islamic University College Selangor (KUIS), Malaysia; Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p403 Abstract This study reviews on the uniqueness of the book Hujjat Allah al-Baligha by al-Dihlawi that emphasizes two important aspects, in terms of thought and debate on the topics presented by him. The study found al-Dihlawi’s thoughts in this book reflect his idealism as an Islamic scholar. He expressed impressive thoughts with the Qur’an as a fundamental ingredient and Sunna as a commentator to the Qur’an. While the reflection may generate useful perspective from the point of significance or preference according to the prevailing realities. Due to dissension between the Islamic parties during that time was considered chronically. This anxiety inspired a number of ideas to him to rebuild civilization of life in the name of Islam without mingling with the seeds of superstition and believing in mythical. Keywords: Hujjat Allah al-Balighah, al-Dihlawi, Sufism, Juriprudence 1. Preliminary Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1762) is not only an extremely impressive thinker, but also, when he is not being Indian, a thoroughly Islamic one.
    [Show full text]
  • Albanian Contemporary Qur'anic Exegesis: Sheikh
    ALBANIAN CONTEMPORARY QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS: SHEIKH HAFIZ IBRAHIM DALLIU’S COMMENTARY (Tafsir Al-Quran Kontemporari Albania: Ulasan Oleh Sheikh Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu) Hajredin Hoxha1 ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to explore and analyze the main intellectual and religious trends and tendencies in the writings of Albanian Ulema in their dealing with Qur’anic studies, in the modern time, in the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. In conducting this study, the researcher has utilized inductive, historical, critical and analytical methodologies. The Albanian lands in the Balkan Peninsula were governed and ruled by the Islamic Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries. Historically, to some extent and despite the conflicts and clashes, Albanians were able to show to the world a very good sample of peace, unity and harmony among themselves, as a multi religious and multi ethnic society. The attention and the engagement of the Albanian Ulema with the Qur’anic sciences have been tremendous since the spread of Islam, and have to be taken into consideration. Despite the tough and serious political, economic and religious challenges in the 19th and 20th centuries, they were not distracted from conducting their learning and teaching affaires. As a result of very close contacts and relations with different ideologies, cultures and civilizations within the Ottoman mixed ethnicity and in the middle-east, the researcher based on different sources, was able to identify and discover Sunni Maturidi dogmatic approach in dealing with Quranic Exegesis in the Commentary of Sheikh Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu-a case study. The results and conclusions of this study are to be taken into consideration also, especially when we know that the current and modern historical sources of Albania are deviated almost completely and not to be trusted at all, because they failed to show to the Albanian people a real picture of Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropes of Early Islamic Settlement
    EarlyEarly IslamicIslamic SettlementSettlement UrbanUrban andand RuralRural transformationstransformations TropesTropes ofof EarlyEarly IslamicIslamic SettlementSettlement BedouinizationBedouinization ofof thethe civilizationscivilizations ofof antiquityantiquity AssimilationAssimilation toto thethe luxuriesluxuries ofof civilizedcivilized lifelife NeglectNeglect andand Disorder,Disorder, RuptureRupture andand DeclineDecline SomeSome historicalhistorical realitiesrealities inin thethe settlementsettlement processprocess VastVast majoritymajority ofof ArabArab settlementsettlement waswas inin SyriaSyria andand IraqIraq MovementMovement ofof peoplespeoples waswas closelyclosely associatedassociated withwith thethe conquestsconquests andand thethe armyarmy TheThe emergenceemergence ofof thethe amsaramsar (s.(s. misrmisr)) asas nodesnodes forfor Arab/MuslimArab/Muslim settlementsettlement MaintainingMaintaining thethe productiveproductive capacitycapacity ofof thethe landland waswas reflectedreflected inin patternspatterns ofof landland tenuretenure TheThe ThunderingThundering ArabArab HoardsHoards CategoriesCategories ofof EarlyEarly IslamicIslamic UrbanismUrbanism beforebefore thethe AbbasidsAbbasids DeDe NovoNovo citiescities Amsar Qusur and planned towns (e.g. Ayla, Anjar) ExistingExisting CitiesCities Resettlement within the existing towns Building adjacent – variation of the misr concept Defensive settlement - Ribat, thughur and awasim Basra,Basra, KufaKufa andand thethe earliestearliest amsaramsar Conventional designation
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo­ Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and w h itephotographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing the World'sUMI Information since 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8824569 The architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq McKibben, William Jeffrey, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by McKibben, William Jeflfrey. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy.
    [Show full text]
  • I Am a Salafi : a Study of the Actual and Imagined Identities of Salafis
    The Hashemite Kingdom Jordan The Deposit Number at The National Library (2014/5/2464) 251.541 Mohammad Abu Rumman I Am A Salafi A Study of The Actual And Imagined Identities of Salafis / by Mohammad Abu Rumman Amman:Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, 2014 Deposit No.:2014/5/2464 Descriptors://Islamic Groups//Islamic Movement Published in 2014 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Jordan & Iraq FES Jordan & Iraq P.O. Box 941876 Amman 11194 Jordan Email: [email protected] Website: www.fes-jordan.org Not for sale © FES Jordan & Iraq All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert Stiftung or the editor. Translation: Dr. Hassan Barari Editing: Amy Henderson Cover: YADONIA Group Printing: Economic Printing Press ISBN: 978-9957-484-41-5 2nd Edition 2017 2 I AM A SALAFI A Study of the Actual and Imagined Identities of Salafis by Mohammad Abu Rumman 3 4 Dedication To my parents Hoping that this modest endeavor will be a reward for your efforts and dedication 5 Table of Contents DEDICATION ........................................................................................................ 5 FOREWORD .......................................................................................................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK History Undergraduate Honors Theses History 5-2020 Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements Rachel Hutchings Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht Part of the History of Religion Commons, Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Citation Hutchings, R. (2020). Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements. History Undergraduate Honors Theses Retrieved from https://scholarworks.uark.edu/histuht/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Non-Muslim Integration Into the Early Islamic Caliphate Through the Use of Surrender Agreements An Honors Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Honors Studies in History By Rachel Hutchings Spring 2020 History J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences The University of Arkansas 1 Acknowledgments: For my family and the University of Arkansas Honors College 2 Table of Content Introduction…………………………………….………………………………...3 Historiography……………………………………….…………………………...6 Surrender Agreements…………………………………….…………….………10 The Evolution of Surrender Agreements………………………………….…….29 Conclusion……………………………………………………….….….…...…..35 Bibliography…………………………………………………………...………..40 3 Introduction Beginning with Muhammad’s forceful consolidation of Arabia in 631 CE, the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates completed a series of conquests that would later become a hallmark of the early Islamic empire. Following the Prophet’s death, the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) engulfed the Levant in the north, North Africa from Egypt to Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau in the east.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidhi's Mystical
    AN ANALYSIS OF AL-HAKIM AL-TIRMIDHI’S MYSTICAL IDEOLOGY BASED ON BOOKS: BADʼU SHAANI AND SIRAT AL-AWLIYA Kazem Nasirizare, Ph.D. Candidate in Persian Language and Literature University of Zanjan, Iran Mehdi Mohabbati, Ph.D. Professor. at Department of Persian Language and Literature University of Zanjan Abstract. Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Hasan bin Bashir Bin Harun Al Hakim Al-Tirmidhi, also called Al- Hakim Al-Tirmidhi, is a Persian mystic living in the 3rd century AH. He is important in the history of Persian literature and the Persian-Islamic mysticism due to several reasons. First, he is one of the first Persian mystics who has significant works in the field of mysticism. Second, early instances of Persian prose can be identified in his world and taking the time that he was living into consideration, the origins of post-Islam Persian prose can be seen in his writings. Third, his ideas have had significant impacts on Mysticism, Sufism, and consequently, in the Persian mystical literature; thus, understanding and analyzing his viewpoints and works is of significant importance for attaining a better picture of Persian mystical literature. The current study attempts to analyze Al-Tirmidhi’s mystical ideology based on his two books: Bad’u Shanni Abu Abdullah (The Beginning of Abu Abdullah’s Journey) and Sirat Al-Awliya (Road of the Saints). Al-Tirmidhi’s ideology is going to be explained through investigating and analyzing his viewpoints regarding the manner of starting a spiritual journey, the status of asceticism and austerity in a spiritual journey, transition from the ascetic school of Baghdad to the Romantic school of Khorasan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of Worship Towards Sheikh
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 5 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Concept of Worship towards Sheikh Akila Mamat1, Aminudin Basir @ Ahmad2, Shumsudin Yabi3 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i5/2985 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i5/2985 ABSTRACT The followers of deviant movements have an extraordinary level of obedience towards their sheikhs or spiritual leaders. The leaders are regarded as religious sources that determine certain practices and are considered ma‘sum or infallible by his followers. They would therefore blindly follow what their leaders want and desire without much resistance. This has resulted in an extraordinary level of worship exceeding the level accorded for the Prophet s.a.w. Individuals involved in such extreme worshipping risk putting themselves in a major shirk. This article seeks to address the issue of extreme attitude or al-Ghuluw, and the concept of worshipping the spiritual leaders from the Islamic points of view by using the document analysis method. The results of the study have found that these religious leaders are regarded as a point of reference to certain practices, and are considered infallible or free from sin. In more extreme cases, these leaders are deemed to have divine attributes. Keywords: Worship; Sheikh; Imam; Extreme; Ma‘Sum INTRODUCTION The emergence of deviant teachings has become a threat to national security and capable of shaking the country’s political stability. Spiritual or religious leaders, which commonly known as sheikhs or imams play an important role in determining the behavior and practice of their followers.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Islamic State: from Caliphate to Camps
    ICCT Policy Brief October 2019 DOI: 10.19165/2019.03.9 ISSN: 2468-0656 Women in Islamic State: From Caliphate to Camps Author: Gina Vale Within the territorial boundaries of the Islamic State’s (IS) ‘caliphate’, women were largely confined to the domestic sphere. Their roles centred on support to militant husbands and the ideological upbringing of children. The physical collapse of IS’ proto-state marks a significant turning point in women’s commitment and activism for the group. Many IS-affiliated women are now indefinitely detained within Kurdish-run camps in North-eastern Syria. The harsh living conditions therein have fostered ideological divides. While some show signs of disillusionment with IS’ ‘caliphate’ dream, others have sought to re-impose its strictures. This paper contributes to the understanding of women’s roles across the lifespan of the Islamic State, and the efficacy of independent female activism to facilitate the group’s physical recovery. It argues that IS’ post-territorial phase has brought greater autonomy and ideological authority to individual hard-line detainees. However, beyond the camps, women’s influence and ability to realise IS’ physical resurgence remains practically limited and dependent on male leadership. Keywords: Islamic State, al-Hol, Women, Gender, Propaganda, Children, Indoctrination Women in Islamic State: From Caliphate to Camps Introduction The loss of Baghouz in March 2019 marked the long-awaited territorial collapse of Islamic State’s (IS, or ISIS) ‘caliphate’.1 As a result, Kurdish forces in Syria captured thousands of its remaining fighters and supporters, with many occupying camps such as al-Hol.2 Though once effective to initially detain and process IS-affiliated persons, the population of such camps now far exceeds maximum capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • From Church and Forum to Mosque And
    Alcantara Vol XL-2 (009).qxp_Maquetación 1 13/4/20 13:18 Página 295 AL-QAnTArA XL 2, julio-diciembre 2019 pp. 295-313 ISSn 0211-3589 https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2019.009 From Church and Forum to Mosque and Sūq: The Evolution of Mediterranean Cities during the Umayyad Period De la iglesia y el foro a la mezquita y el sūq: la evolución de las ciudades mediterráneas durante el periodo omeya Michael Ehrlich Bar-Ilan University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-8450 This article’s aim is to explore the interplay El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la inte- between the Muslim occupation of cities and racción entre la ocupación musulmana de ciu- those cities’ urban development during this pe- dades y su desarrollo urbano durante este riod. How did the Muslims manage to inte- período. ¿Cómo gestionaron los musulmanes grate themselves as a new ruling class in su integración como nueva élite gobernante en functioning urban tissues with almost no de- el funcionamiento de las estructuras urbanas struction of churches and synagogues? I sug- sin destruir las iglesias y las sinagogas? Los gest that the Muslims employed a uniform, musulmanes utilizaron una política uniforme premeditated policy, whose surviving physical y predeterminada, cuya manifestación física manifestation is the proximity between sobrevive en forma de la proximidad entre churches and mosques, mostly in cities’ cen- iglesias y mezquitas, sobre todo en los centros ters. I further suggest that this proximity trans- urbanos. Además, esta proximidad transformó formed the cities’ markets from fora and los mercados de los foros y cardisnes en cardisnes into aswāq.
    [Show full text]
  • Qur'anic Schooling and Education for Sustainable Development in Africa
    Qur’anic Schooling and Education for Sustainable Development in Africa The Case of Kenya Promoting critical knowledge, skills and qualifications for sustainable development in Africa: How to design and implement an effective response by education and training systems by Ministry of Education, Kenya National Commission for UNESCO Study National Steering Committee, ADEA Working Group on Education Management and Policy Support Qur’anic Schooling and Education for Sustainable Development in Africa: the case of Kenya By Ministry of Education Kenya National Commission for UNESCO Study National Steering Committee ADEA Working Group on Education Management and Policy Support Promoting critical knowledge, skills and qualifications for sustainable development in Africa: How to design and implement an effective response by education and training systems Common core skills for lifelong learning and sustainable development in Africa - 1/69 - This document was prepared by the Ministry of Education in Kenya for the ADEA Triennale Meeting (Ouagdougou, Burkina Faso, 2012). The views and opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and should not be attributed to ADEA, to its members or affiliated organizations or to any individual acting on behalf of ADEA. © Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) African Development Bank (AfDB) Temporary Relocation Agency (ATR) 13 avenue du Ghana BP 323 1002 Tunis Belvédère Tunisia Tel: +216/ 71 10 39 86 Fax: +216/ 71 25 26 69 [email protected] Qur’anic Schooling and Education for Sustainable
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian Shiʿa Between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter
    Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter To cite this version: Stéphane Valter. Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes. Occasional Paper series (CIRS), Georgetown University in Qatar, 2019. hal-02410632 HAL Id: hal-02410632 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02410632 Submitted on 19 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter © 2019 Norm and Dissidence: Egyptian Shiʿa between Security Approaches and Geopolitical Stakes Stéphane Valter © 2019 Center for International and Regional Studies Georgetown University in Qatar Occasional Paper No. 23 ISSN 2072-5957 Established in 2005, the Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) at Georgetown University in Qatar is a premier research institute devoted to the academic study of regional and international issues through dialogue and exchange of ideas, research and scholarship,
    [Show full text]