World Bank Document

Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

400 kV Power Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga

Resettlement Policy Framework – Revised on July 2010

Prepared by:

Public Disclosure Authorized Institute of Resource Assessment P.O. Box 35097 Norsk-Data-Strasse 1 61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +49-6172-9460-108 Tel: +255-22-2410144 Fax: +49-6172-9460-20 Fax: +255-22-2410393 eMail: u.otten@mvv -decon.com eMail: [email protected]

Declaration

The following individuals prepared this RPF Report:

• Ulrich OTTEN, Socio-economist and Resettlement (RPF Team Leader) • Dr. Herbert HANKE: Environmental Assessment / ESIA Team Leader • Dr. Claude Gasper MUNG'ONG'O: Resettlement Action Plan (RPF) • Ms. Beatrice MCHOME: Public Consultations and Participation (RPF) • Prof. Palamagamba KABUDI: Environmental Law and Regulations • Ms. Zubeda KICHAWELE -Social Surveys • Mr. C. MSONGANZILA-Social Surveys • Mr. Alexander CHAMBI -Social Surveys • Mr. Florian SILANGWA -Social Surveys • Mr. Emmanuel HANAI -Social Surveys • Ms. Zaina KIJAZI -Social Surveys

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Table of Contents Page

0. Executive Summary 1 0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Project Description 1 0.3 Potential Impacts 1 0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan 2 0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects 3 0.6 Legal and Policy Framework 3 0.7 Institutional Framework 4 0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement 4 0.9 Community Participation and Consultation 5 0.10 Grievance Mechanisms 5 0.11 Implementation Arrangements 5 0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation 6 1. Introduction 7 1.1 Project Background 7 1.2 Project Rationale 7 1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan 8 1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan 8 2. Project Description 9 2.1 Project Location 9 2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section 9 2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section 10 2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section 10 2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities 17 2.2.1 Mobilization Phase 17 2.2.2 Construction Phase 17 2.2.3 Operation Phase 18 2.2.4 Decommissioning 18 3. Potential Impacts 19 3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement 19 3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor 19 3.1.2 Substations 20 3.1.3 Work Camps 20 3.1.4 Access Roads 20 3.2 Type of Expected Impacts 21 3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources 21 3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter 23 3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood 23 3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures 23 3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property 25 4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan 26 5. Socio-Economic Characteristics 27 5.1 Overview 27

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Table of Contents Page

5.2 Iringa Region 27 5.2.1 Iringa Municipality 27 5.2.2 Iringa Rural District 28 5.3 Dodoma Region 29 5.3.1 Mpwapwa District 29 5.3.2 Chamwino District 30 5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality 31 5.3.4 Bahi District 32 5.4 Singida Region 33 5.4.1 Manyoni District 33 5.4.2 Singida Rural District 34 5.4.3 Singida Municipality 35 5.4.4 Iramba District 37 5.5 Tabora Region 37 5.5.1 Igunga District 37 5.6 Shinyanga Region 38 5.6.1 Kishapu District 38 5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality 39 5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population 40 5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics 40 5.7.2 Migration Patterns 40 5.7.3 Educational Levels 41 5.7.4 Water Supply 42 5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure 42 5.7.6 Transport 43 5.7.7 Energy Use 43 5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use 44 5.7.9 Housing Conditions 44 5.7.10 Economy 45 5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate 47 6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 48 6.1 National Policies 48 6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997) 48 6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998 48 6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997 49 6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997 49 6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002 50 6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003 51 6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007 51 6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000 52 6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000 52 6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) 52 6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997 53 6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies 53 6.3 Legal Framework 54 6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191 54 6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations,

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Table of Contents Page

2005 54 6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002 55 6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974 56 6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999 56 6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 58 6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001 58 6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002 59 6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982 59 6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning 60 6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967 60 6.4 International Agreements and Conventions 60 6.5 Institutional Framework 61 7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures 62 7.1 Eligibility 62 7.2 Categories of Project Affected People 62 7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements 63 7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements 63 7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land 63 7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures 64 7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops 64 7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties 65 7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses 65 7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) 65 7.5 Grievance Mechanisms 65 7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures 66 7.7 Route Selection 66 7.8 Land Use 67 7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods 67 7.10 Infrastructure and Services 67 7.11 Cultural Sites 68 8. Community Participation and Consultations 69 8.1 Consultative Strategy 69 8.2 The Consultative Process 69 8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation 69 8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation 70 8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders 70 8.2.4 Household Interviews 70 8.2.5 Village Public Meetings 70 8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders 71 8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials 71 8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders 71 8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns 71 9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements 75 9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions 75 9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent) 75 9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development 75

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

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9.1.3 Local Governments 76 9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC) 76 9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation 76 9.2.1 Site Selection 76 9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis 76 9.2.3 Land Acquisition 77 9.2.4 Movement 77 9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations 77 9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services 77 9.3 Institutional Arrangements 77 9.4 Activities and Responsibilities 78 9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition 78 9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase 78 9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase 78 10. Monitoring and Evaluation 79 10.1 Overview 79 10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring 79 10.3 Evaluation Objectives 79 10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation 79 10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation 80 10.4 Monitoring Objectives 80 10.5 Conclusion 80 11. Indicative Resettlement Cost 82 12. References 83

List of Tables

Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected after rerouting) Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave) Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements

List of Annexes

Annex 1 Stakeholder Consultation Annex 1.1: People Consulted Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns

Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor

Annex 3: Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing per District and Transmission Line Section Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission Line Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members Annex 3.9: Type of Houses based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses) Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses) Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses) Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities) Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households) Annex 3.14: Main source of cooking fuel per Project Area (% of Households) Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of Households)

Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzania Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation Annex 5: Routing Alternatives Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

List of Abbreviations/Acronyms

ARI Acute Respiratory Infection AT Angle Tower CBD The Convention on Biological Diversity CITES The Convention on International Trade in En dangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMS Conservation of Migratory Species DECON Deutsche Energie-Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH DED District Executive Director DMO District Medical Officer DNRO District National Resources Officer DOE Director of Environment DPLO District Planning Officer EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMA Environmental Management Act ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FR Forest Reserve GDP Gross Domestic Product IFC International Finance Cooperation IRA Institute of Resource Assessment kV Kilo Volt LHS Left Hand Side MAFSC Ministry of Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives MDG Millennium Development Goal MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania MLHS Ministry of Land and Human Settlement MNRT Ministry of Natural Resource and Tourism NEMC National Environment Management Council NEP National Environment Policy NFP National Forest Policy NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHSDP National Human Settlements Development Policy NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty OD Operational Directives OP Operational Policies OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Authority PMU Project Management Unit RAP Resettlement Action Plan RHS Right Hand Side RoW Right of Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework T Tower

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

TANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply Company TANROADS Tanzania National Road Development Agency TRC Technical Review Committee TTCL Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited URT United Republic of Tanzania VPO Vice President's Office

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0. Executive Summary

0.1 Introduction

TANESCO is preparing a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line from Iringa to Shin- yanga via Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will include the construction of 670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line.

The objective of the project is to improve the power supply in the north-western part of the country. The project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to the northern regions, improve voltage conditions at consumer's premises, reduce power system losses in the northern regions, increase customers, and improve the power line capabilities for smooth power transfer to the Lake Zone and beyond. The most critical point in respect of socio-economic issues in this context is the compensation of third party properties and interests along the wayleave.

This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the 400 kV Transmission Line has the objective of ensuring that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated according to the existing Laws and Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania governing compensation for any loss of productive land, structures or other properties and World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, as a result of land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor.

0.2 Project Description

The project aims at the acquisition of a wayleave corridor land for the construction of a 400 kV transmission line in three sections Iringa - Dodoma, Dodoma - Singida and Singida - Shinyanga.

Most sections of the proposed project are expected to run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only minor variations in areas where alternative alignments have been developed due to topographical conditions.

0.3 Potential Impacts

The following are the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or physical displacements and resettlement.

Loss of residential and productive land and resources

Since no buildings will be permitted within the wayleave, about 150 ha of potential settlement area will be lost. A few areas will be sandwiched between linear infrastructures thus reducing the value for the construction of residential houses.

The proposed power transmission line will also result in loss of land for agriculture and grazing from clearings to allow for the construction of the towers, the lines and the access roads which may remain operative for a number of months.

No major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the project area will be able to continue their farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land is not scarce in many villages along the RoW, except in settlements that are within urban areas or adjacent to urban areas. Some people from villages in Dodoma and Singida municipalities might be forced to relocate outside

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the villages but within the same districts.

Loss of structures and shelter

After mitigation measures of rerouting a total of about 840 houses will still be affected by the construction of the power transmission line and its wayleave. The type of houses to be affected in the rural areas is mostly traditional houses made of mud and thatch. In the urban areas some houses are built of corrugated iron sheets, cement blocks or burnt bricks. A significant impact on settlement structures is expected in areas with a higher concentration of houses close to the existing line or substations.

Loss of income sources or means of livelihood

For the major part of the transmission line corridor, the land is used for scattered cultivation. Some of this land will be taken permanently for the transmission line towers after effecting compensation payments. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the overhead lines, may still be used at farmers' risk for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the standing crops may be affected during construction.

Loss of access to community and public structures

Some public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, and water supply structures, existing or planned, will be affected by the proposed development, as they are partially allocated within the wayleave. At the villages with work camps, there will be some pressure on existing services already in poor condition and inadequate.

This may create some degree of social stress in terms of resources use conflicts and in thefts and burglaries. This potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the communities in the project area are already familiar with potential social problems due to the previous experiences from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and the road between Dodoma and Singida.

Loss of cultural and archaeological property

More than 200 graves have been found inside the wayleave of the existing line (some even established after construction) as well as of the proposed new power transmission line. A very limited number of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by construction activities.

The Antiquities Department highlighted the importance of conserving any such sites and archaeological features that will be found within the wayleave. Such cultural heritage sites should be avoided completely, if possible, but up to date none have been found in the wayleave.

0.4 Objectives of the Resettlement Action Plan

The objective of the RPF is to ensure that the project affected people (PAP) are compensated according to the existing Laws and Regulations of the United Republic of Tanzania and World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement governing compensation for any loss of productive land, structures or other properties, as a result of land acquisition for the transmission line wayleave corridor. Furthermore, this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative impacts. Efforts are made in the detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas

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and structures as far as technically feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consulta- tions with PAP and local authorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF studies in order to avoid unnecessary relocation and impacts.

However, because of the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and detailed land surveying, including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present draft report can not include a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects have been included, the final RAP can be completed.

0.5 Socio-Economic Aspects

Villagers who will be affected by the project have available most of the basic social services, as described in each district socio-economic profile. The services include schools, water, health and communications (roads and telephone). However, most of these services are either of poor quality or not sufficient. Even in newly established districts of Kishapu, Bahi and Chamwino, some of the major social services are unavailable.

It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing social and cultural infrastructures. The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize impacts of the Project to the social infrastructure and services.

Most of the local communities along line are small-scale farmers, making agriculture and livestock keeping their main economic activities. Other PAPs, especially those in urban areas, are employed or selfemployed in commercial and service activities. People around Mtera Dam are involved in fishing.

Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use of agricultural fertilizers and mechanization. Seasonal crops grown include sunflowers and cotton -grown for cash -while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in Chamwino and Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.

The proposed Project is likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In villages, such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land will be affected by the Project.

0.6 Legal and Policy Framework

Constructing the facilities for the proposed development project will support several national policies and laws that promote economic development, community participation, mining development, energy development, transportation and improvement of social services. The implementation of the project complies with a number of national policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of the laws and policies that the proposed development comply with include:

• The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (2003) • The Environment Management Policy (1997) and Act (2004);

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• The National Land Policy (1997) and the Land Act (1999); • The Village Land Act (1999); • The Land Acquisition Act (1967); • The Land Regulations (2001), and • The World Bank Safeguard Policies OP 4.12 and OP 4.01

0.7 Institutional Framework

The Environmental Management Act (2004) provides an institutional set-up for environmental management with details of responsibilities at national, village and mtaa level, which is the lowest administrative level. The institutional set-up involves the following main centres:

• National Environment Advisory Committee; • Minister Responsible for Environment; • Director of Environment (DoE) in the Vice President's Office; • National Environmental Management Council (NEMC); • Sector Ministries; • Regional Secretariats; and • Local Government Authorities the District, Town Council and Village levels.

0.8 Eligibility and Entitlement

According to Tanzanian legislation, all owners of properties located within the proposed wayleave at the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for compensation. Notices to claim compensation will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave using Land Form No.69. A "cut- off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will be determined by the date on which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the properties are expected to complete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official valuation of their properties.

There are four categories of relocated people that have been identified, including owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave; owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the wayleave; owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave; and institutions with land and/or buildings in the wayleave.

Three additional categories of relocated people can further be identified. These are people or families suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and property during construction due to unforeseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby crops, fruit trees or infrastructures. These can also be relatives with an interest in graves adversely affected by the Project and that may need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these cases, rituals and ceremonies will often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them should be considered as provided for by the law.

The last category is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed households, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require special assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is identified in the WB OP 4.12; hence require special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to their particular needs.

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0.9 Community Participation and Consultation

The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor- porate affected people's views in a RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to improve project design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation; facilitate development of appropriate and acceptable entitlement options; increase long term project sustainability and ownership, and reduce problems of institutional coordination. They also aim to make the resettlement process transparent; increase the effectiveness of sustainability of income restoration strategies, and improve coping mechanisms

0.10 Grievance Mechanisms

TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not be involved in the final ruling on disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements. There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set- tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.

Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more detailed description of the established process should be presented to PAP at the time the resettlement plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.

The selected procedure should be simple, administered as far as possible at the local level, to facilitate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, taking into account that most of the PAP are poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to resettlement and/or compensation may arise for different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes related to the identification of the affected property and people within the wayleave, disagreements related to the ownership of property, disagreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on other compensation allowances, and problems related to the time and manner of payment of compensations.

Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act only provides for grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of a wayleave to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical for most of the residents and businesses within the project area.

Claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues should be brought to the attention of the village leadership. They will then forward grievances concerning the non-fulfilment of entitlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation to the corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the District Executive Director.

0.11 Implementation Arrangements

Since there is no single agency in Tanzania that has mandate to plan and provide resettlement and compensation help in cases where people are involuntarily relocated for development projects, it is agreed that the project proponent TANESCO assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements even though a number of other actors may be involved. In this case, the most relevant institutions re-

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lated to resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO, the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Village Councils and the National Environ- ment Management Council (NEMC).

0.12 Monitoring and Evaluation

Insofar as the fulfilment of the requirements of the WB in that relocated people are adequately handled and are left in a position of better social and economic condition than they were prior to project implementation is concerned, monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external monitoring and evaluation should be carried out during compensation and implementation of the RAP. Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in order to assess the medium and long-term effects of the resettlement exercise.

Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU while external monitoring and evaluation will be done in intervals by a third party, i.e. a regulatory agency, its consultants or by an independent NGO.

Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re- porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plans that will be established by the project sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.

The evaluation and monitoring of resettlement in linear projects present practical and logistical challenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our case, it will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 670 km, in 5 administrative regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.

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1. Introduction

1.1 Project Background

Tanzania is endowed with diverse energy sources including biomass, natural gas, hydropower, coal, geothermal, solar and wind power, much of which is untapped. Wood-fuel accounts for up to 92% of total energy supply with about 2% from hydro-electricity and 7% from oil-derived products. Electricity generation, transmission and distribution in Tanzania are the business of Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO). The Company is 100% government owned and is responsible for more than 90% of the country's electricity supply.

Two thirds or 581 MW of Tanzania's installed capacity are from hydropower sources. Tanzania has a hydropower potential of about 3,800 MW (estimated) and a per capita electricity consumption of 46 kWh per annum, growing at a rate of 11-13%. Hence the government is encouraging investments to expand generating capacity, distribution systems and developing indigenous sources of energy. The national electricity coverage is about 10% of the total population (MEM, 2006)

The energy crisis in 2006 has highlighted the importance of reliable energy supply for economic growth and poverty alleviation. It once again revealed the underlying vulnerability of hydro-dominated generation systems to droughts and the resulting importance of adequate diversified generation planning and timely investments in the transmission and distribution sub sectors to reduce technical losses. As the sector is moving from a short-term crisis management to medium-and long-term planning, several issues and strategic goals have been identified. These include:

• ensuring appropriate long-term generation capacity • ensuring quality of supply; • ensuring long-term financial sustainability of TANESCO; • continuing sector reform process; • improving Management of TANESCO; • expanding access to other areas and • increasing the use of renewable energy.

In the course of implementing these issues and strategic goals, TANESCO has established a project to reinforce the existing power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga, through Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions.

1.2 Project Rationale

The vast majority of people in the Tanzania do not have access to electricity, and the rural population is nearly completely excluded from this source of modern energy. It is estimated that only three quar- ters of the country, mainly in urban areas is connected to the national grid. It is intended that the rest of the country, including an estimated 8,200 villages should be supplied with electricity. In addition there are plans to supply power to Kenya and Malawi from Tanzania.

Due to this situation TANESCO in planning a project to reinforce its existing 220kV transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga through Dodoma, Singida and Tabora Regions. The proposed project will involve construction of approximately 670 km of 400 kV electrical power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.

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The main objective of this project is to improve power supply in the north-western part of the country. However, the project also intends to reduce the duration and frequency of power interruptions to Northern Regions i.e. Singida, Shinyanga, Mwanza and Mara, improve voltage conditions at consumer's premises, reduce power system losses - technical losses to meet the current and growing power demand in northern regions, increase customers and hence revenue to TANESCO, improve the power line capabilities for smooth power transfer to the Lake Zone, to mining areas and other loads centres and extent power exports to neighbouring countries, capturing possible opportunities for cross-boarder power trading within East Africa.

Among other things, the project requires the acquisition of about 51 km² wayleave/corridor land for construction of the transmission line. The most critical point in this context is the compensation of third parties interests (i.e. people and institutions living or owning properties along the planned corridors). It is against this background and the demands of national and World Bank safeguard policies defined in their Operational Policies documents that TANESCO has commissioned DECON to inspect all third parties' interests relating to compensation for land use within the proposed corridor.

1.3 Disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan

The standard procedure is that a complete RAP should be made available to the public for a minimum of six weeks in the relevant district council and/or ward offices. Local newspapers and radios may be used to inform the public about the availability of this document in the cited places. During this period, members of the public will be given the opportunity to respond to the RAP, in writing or verbally, to the relevant District Executive Directors or Ward Executive Officers who will forward them to TANESCO.

In concordance with World Bank’s Disclosure Policy, a RAP has to be disclosed prior to appraisal, both in Tanzania and through the WB Infoshop. TANESCO will be responsible for disclosing the RAP in Tanzania, and should authorize the WB in writing to disclose the document in the WB Infoshop.

1.4 Structure of the Resettlement Plan

This document is organized in 10 chapters. The introductory chapter is followed by Chapter 2 that provides the project description, Chapter 3 that describes the potential impacts, and Chapter 4 which outlines the objectives of the Resettlement Plan. Chapter 5 then discusses the socio-economic characteristics, followed by Chapter 6 that describes the legal and policy framework, and Chapter 7 that provides the Resettlement and Social Mitigation Plan. These are then followed by Chapters 8, 9 and 10 that describe community participation and consultation, outline the institutions and implementation arrangements, and provide the evaluation and monitoring plan, respectively.

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2. Project Description

Notice: Specific mitigations measures resulting from alternative line routing are taken into consideration in this RPF document, but no other mitigation measures described in the ESIA Report.

2.1 Project Location

The proposed line will be built from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida. Most line stretches will run parallel to the existing 220 kV line, with only minor variations in areas where alternative alignments have been proposed due to the topographical situation. The planned line a length of approximately 670 km will interconnect four substations (S/S) at the towns mentioned above. The line route is located in the central highlands of Tanzania between 33° and 36°30' east and 4° to 8° south of equa- tor (see Figure 2-1). The line is partitioned in three section between the 4 towns mentioned above.

The project will traverse the following districts, wards and villages as indicated in the table below:

Table 2-1: Regions, Districts and Villages along the Line

Regions Districts Villages Iringa Iringa Municipal Igumbilo Iringa Rural Kigonzile, Nduli, Igingilanyi, Ndolela, Mkungugu, Kisinga, Isimani Tarafani, Kihorogota, Nyang'oro, Izazi, Mtera, Migori, Makatapora Dodoma Mpwapwa Mtera-Staff, Kisima, Chipogoro, Kisima, Seluka Dodoma Urban Nkulabi, Mpunguzi, Mantumbulu, Mkonze, Michese, Nala, Chi- gongwe Chamwino Fufu, Manzase, Mlowa Barabarani Bahi Ibihwa, Mpamantwa, Bahi, Uhelela Singida Manyoni Lusilile, Maweni, Chikuyu, Ch ibumagwa, Solya, Muhalala, Manyoni Mjini, Mitoo juu, Mkwese Singida Rural Choda, Issuna A, Isuna B, Nkuhi, Ulyampiti, Muungano, Ikungi, Ighuka, Kipunguiko, Nkunikana, Puma, Isalanda, Utaho, Kisaki, Manga, Mnung'una, Msisi, Ntondo, Nkwae. Singida Urban Kipungua, Misuna, Mungumaji, Unyambwa Mkimbii, Mtipa Iramba Iguguno, Tumuli, Maluga, Kyengege, Mugundu, Kitukutu, Ulemo, Misigiri, Kibigiri, Nselembwe, Kizonzo, Mseko Tabora Igunga Mgongoro, Makomero, Mbutu, Bukama Imalanguzu, Mwamakona, Igurubi Shinyanga Kishapu Kalitu, Kiloleni, Ngunga, Mwajiginya, Mwaweja, Negezi, Shinyanga Urban Ibadakuli, Mwamagunguli 5 13 93

2.1.1 Iringa -Dodoma Section

From the Iringa Substation the line will run on the left hand side of the existing 220 kV line over a mountain ridge with partly steep slopes and difficult access. As the initial alignment would sandwich Igumbilo village, a line routing alternative was explored. On the way to Mtera the line crosses the

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Nyang'oro Hills and Forest Reserve. The Hydropower Plant at Mtera will not be passed in order to avoid the demolition of about 160 houses at Makatapora and Mtera villages; rather the line will cross Mtera reservoir with a long span of about 1,000 m, saving additionally about 13 km line length. The terrain from Mtera up to Dodoma presents typical rolling hills.

Details on the routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA Report.

2.1.2 Dodoma - Singida Section

From the Dodoma Substation the line passes along the right hand side of the existing 220 kV line a mostly flat to slightly hilly terrain. Soils seem to be of similar characteristics over the entire line section, i.e. of dense clay sand. At T 230 near Kilimatinde the line traverses a fault-scarp of over 100 m vertical shift, forming a very steep slope with large rock outcrops. Between Manyoni and Singida Choda For- est Reserve will be passed.

In order to avoid the demolition of about 150 houses as well as some public infrastructures, and a legal conflict concerning the Masterplan for the new District Capital Bahi, line routing alternatives have been developed for Nala, Bahi and Puma, thus lengthening the line by about 3.2 km.

More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.

2.1.3 Singida - Shinyanga Section

The existing 220 kV line from T1 to T24 is completely built in and the new line running parallel to the existing line may need the removal of more than 100 houses, partially multi-storage modern buildings for business and administration purposes. The alternative line routing bypasses Singida town and Lake Singida north-western, and joins again the 220 kV line at T42. Another bottleneck has been found between T132 and T191, where the corridor between the road and the existing 220 kV line is occupied by various buildings and scattered settlements. Between T191 and T210 the new line would be situated in steep slopes of up to 50° transversal. In order to minimize these effects it was decided to route the new line from T132 to T210 at around 1 km in parallel to the existing 220 kV line at the northern side of the road leaving the existing settlements undisturbed and getting favourable terrain condition in the latter part. From tower T260 to T265 B the line will pass through the seasonal Wem- bere swamp at Mseko and Mgongoro villages. The line traverses further a system of seasonal rivers (tributaries to Wembere River, and then continues towards Shinyanga occasional outcropping rocks embedded in sandy soils.

In course of the field surveys in summer and autumn 2008, these proposals for routing alternatives have been changed in order to avoid respectively further reduce unnecessary conflicts, by saving another 140 houses and three larger public infrastructures (dispensary, primary and secondary school).

More details on these line routing alternatives are presented in the ESIA report.

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Figure 2-1: Proposed Power Transmission Line Route - Iringa - Shinyanga

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Figure 2-2: Proposed Route Map for Iringa - Dodoma Section

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Figure 2-3: Route Map for Dodoma - Singida Section

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Figure 2-4: Route Map for Singida - Shinyanga Section

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Figure 2-5: Overview of the Line Corridor Sections with Wayleave Alternatives

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2.2 RAP Concerning Project Activities

The project activities will constitute a range of operations that are aimed at ensuring that the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida is completed in time and is operational as required. The main activities are described below with additional information provided in subsequent sections and chapters.

2.2.1 Mobilization Phase

This initial stage in the project implementation will commence as soon as all necessary permits and processes have been accomplished. For example, mobilization shall start after the way leave has been identified, project affected persons, and institutions have been compensated and/or relocated according to the national and international laws and guidelines. Mobilization entails establishing work camp and offices on the site, assembling equipment; construction work force as well as materials for the initial start to secure the way leave. Securing the wayleave may not take place simultaneously throughout the whole wayleave, but it may be undertaken in successions when the contractor is moving from one point to the other (see also Chapter 3.1.3).

Some temporary work camps will be established to provide shelter and storage facilities for construction material, fuel and lubricants, workshops, logistics and offices and accommodation for the staff for several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established some weeks prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will continue through out the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will minimize the cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and providing an opportunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is complete and ready for use.

For the proposed 400 kV power line, about 6-7 work camps shall be built. Each camp may accommo- date up to 200 workers during construction. Hence, its size will be relatively large.

Issues of concern and impacts that may arise during this phase include noise, vibration, and dust emissions arising from the movement of heavy machines and equipment to the site and for construction of the work camp, and waste produced by temporally work force that is establishing work places for the constructions teams.

All these impacts will require adequate compensation measures.

2.2.2 Construction Phase

The Construction phase includes erecting the towers and securing the site and construction of facilities for the substations and transformers as needed.

Machines and manual labour will be involved in the construction phase. Some areas will require preparation of the access roads to bring equipment, workforce and materials to the designated sites. All of these will need a substantial amount of land. Given the terrain in some of those areas, this undertaking could be time consuming and challenging. However, on average, about 2 years are needed to construct a stretch of about 200 km. Appropriate measures for mitigation and compensation of the affected neighbouring population have to be considered by the project developer and main contractor according to the ESMP.

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Some labour forces will be recruited from local communities -especially for the simple and manual operations that could easily be accomplished using local skills. However, the main contractor will be responsible for the recruitment of the work force since he will be aware of the work schedule, quality of the work that is needed, the budget for the workforce and safety issues. It is estimated that about 20% of the 250 employees (or 50 workers) will come from the local communities in the areas construction is taking place. Based on this estimation, only few people along the way leave will be employed for a 2 years period. However, a higher rate of employment of local work force can be achieved by softer land clearing measures without machines.

2.2.3 Operation Phase

During operation, the power line will function as required, with TANESCO closely monitoring the power transmission process and taking corrective actions in case of accidents and emergencies.

2.2.4 Decommissioning

The construction of the 400 kV power line from Iringa to Shinyanga is expected to provide long-term benefits and services to the nation. Therefore, no general decommissioning phase of the power line or the substations is expected, with exception of the work camps. The decommissioning of these camps will involve demolition of structures and rehabilitating the land on which the camps were established to its original condition. Nevertheless, the destruction of these structures may be avoided if TANESCO will use them for other purposes or would donate the structures to the village governments to be used in some social functions (e.g. village offices, schools, health facilities, etc). This opportunity, however, is subject to the location of the work camps and the materials used to construct them.

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3. Potential Impacts

Notice: All locations and figures mentioned in this Chapter are referring to remaining impacts after all proposed routing alternative and mitigation measures have been accepted. Those which remain are relevant for the Resettlement Action Plan, others are not..

3.1 Project Components Leading to Resettlement

The detailed layout and organization of facilities for the construction of the transmission line will be the responsibility of the chosen contractor within the contract framework. The technical and timing details are not known at this early planning stage. What can be said about these issues is based on assump- tions and normal practice from similar projects.

3.1.1 Wayleave Corridor

The wayleave corridor for transmission lines includes land set aside for the transmission line and associated facilities, land needed to facilitate maintenance, and to avoid risks of fires and other accidents. It provides a safety margin between the high-voltage lines and surrounding structures. The proposed transmission line to be erected will utilize part of the existing 60 m wayleave of the 220 kV transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga. When running parallel to the existing line, use of common right of way will reduce the overall RoW corridor width of the two lines.

In defining the parallel distance due, consideration must be given on tower geometry, conductor swing-out, span length, induction interference and tower falling range. Since many of these parameters are not yet known for the planned line, an initial axis distance of 55 m to the existing line has been used to make assessments. This corridor covers an area of about 5,100 ha. An overview of the typical width of the transmission line’s way leave is shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1: Size of the Way-Leave

220 kV

60 m

400 kV

90 m

220+400 kV

30 m 55 m 45 m

130 m

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3.1.2 Substations

For the installation of the new 400 kV line the existing area reserved for the extension of existing substations will be used. No additional land with building structures etc. will have to be allocated to the project. Thus the measures related to the upgrading or construction of new substations will have little additional impact on the local PAP, except for the extension of S/S Shinyanga, where about 12 houses located at Ibadakuli (ESIA, Chap. 2.2.5) will be affected.

3.1.3 Work Camps

During the construction phase, some work camps will be needed as storage area for construction material (such as steel profiles, isolators, conductors, concrete, fuels and lubricants), for workshops, logistics, offices and accommodation for staff etc. for a period of several months. Each camp may ac- commodate up to 200 workers, therefore, they will need water supply, wastewater discharge and treatment system, waste disposal facilities as well as health facilities. Generally, a work camp will be used only for several months during the construction period. The next work camp will be established some weeks prior to finishing the main construction work at the first line stretch and this process will continue throughout the whole construction phase. Constructing the work camp in succession will minimize the cumulative effect associated with constriction of the work along the way leave and provide opportunity to the contractor to rehabilitate the campsite when the next camp is ready for use.

Normally such camps will be located in or near townships or larger villages in order to benefit from their infrastructure as accommodation, food supply areas, health services etc. Technical requirements will require that a camp may serve a segment of about 100 km split half way backward and forward along the line. This means that in this project altogether 6 to 7 camps will be established. Due to information from TANESCO, at least four of these camps will be established within the TANESCO owned sites at Iringa, Mtera, Dodoma and Singida. At Shinyanga the site adjacent to the existing substation has to be acquired. Not more than two work camps have to be established in other communities. This might take place near Igunga (36,000 inhabitants) and near Manyoni (25,000 inhabitants).

3.1.4 Access Roads

Some permanent and semi-permanent road reaches will have to be constructed to ship equipment to and from the sub-stations. Access road to transmission line structures for both line construction and maintenance shall be required, and may be paved or gravelled. Re-contouring of land may be required for access road construction. Additional temporary roads will also be needed during the construction phase of the transmission line project.

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3.2 Type of Expected Impacts

The following impacts are, the main types of expected impacts leading to economic losses and/or physical displacement and resettlement.

3.2.1 Loss of Productive Land and Resources

The area of immediate impacts will be (additionally to the wayleave of the existing 220 kV line) 70m respectively 130m wide (where not parallel to the 220 kV line) and 670 km long. It should be noted that TANESCO already has 60 m wayleave from the existing 220 kV transmission line. As soon as TANESCO has acquired the land for the new power line, land cultivation and grazing activities be- neath the lines are expected to be tolerated, although not formally allowed. However, the maximum height of plants which are allowed to remain in the wayleave is 3 m.

Due to the fact that within the wayleave no buildings will be permitted, some areas potentially suitable for settlements will be lost. Counting the area within settlements or nearby settled areas, about 20 km of line length will be affected, i.e. 150 ha of potential settlement areas will be lost. Additionally, there are a few areas which will possibly be sandwiched, which means that land dissected between linear infrastructures for example power lines and / or traffic lines, will have reduced value for the construction of residential houses, if the remaining area is too small for this purpose. A reasonable limit may be some 100 m distance between the wayleaves of such infrastructures. Such a situation may take place at Igumbilo, Mlowa, Solya, Manga, Kibigiri and Kizonzo.

The proposed power transmission line will result in loss of land for agriculture, grazing and settlement. The most commonly cultivated crops in project-affected areas are maize, sorghum, beans, millet, paddy, cotton, and sunflower. Similarly, cattle, goats and sheep are grazed in all project affected areas. A line corridor of a width of 90m will have to be cleared to allow for the construction of the towers and the lines. Where both lines will run parallel, the total wayleave will have to be cleared (if not already partially done) at a width of even 130m.

In other areas such as those of Kisima village in Mpwapwa District, Mlowa Barabarani in Chamwino District, Mgongoro in Igunga District as well as Chikuyu in Manyoni District the proposed project will affect the potential areas for agriculture activities in the area. For instance, in Chikuyu the line will cut across the area that is used for cultivation of paddy. According to the villagers, it is difficult to get another area within the village to cultivate paddy. At Kisima village, the proposed project may affect a wetland that has a potential for cultivating food and cash crops all year long.

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Table 3-1: Land Loss for Settlements and Agriculture

Construction phase Operation phase ha ha % ha ha % without mitigation measures Way leave 4.914 4.914 hereof tower construction 86 1,8% 6,3 0,13% way for inspection/maintainance 137 2,8% 137 2,8% Outside way leave 39 32 hereof new access roads 2,8 7,2% 2,8 8,7% substations 29 75% 29 91% work camps 7 18% 0 0% Total land occupation (to be cleared) 4.953 4.946 Difference Loss for agricultural cultivation 262 5,3% 174 3,5% "without/with hereof without ways/roads 122 2,5% 35 0,7% mitigation Loss for settlements 246 5,0% 246 5,0% measures" with mitigation measures 1) ha % Total land occupation 5.110 5.103 195 4% hereof to be cleared 268 -4.678 -95% Loss for agricultural cultivation 268 5,2% 183 4,7% 8 5% Loss for settlements 147 2,9% 147 2,9% -99 -40% 1) including line routing alternatives

The impact on land value is one of the major issues of concern to some of the stakeholders. Some of the stakeholders consulted were concerned that land value in their area might depreciate due to the presence of towers close to their houses, land or even place of business. The value of the land will depreciate if power lines take part of the land or it is close to the line, such that no major economic activity can be undertaken.

Other stakeholders were concerned about becoming "sandwiched" between two power lines or even between the lines and the road. In areas where the lines will not run parallel, they will tend to take up large land at the middle and this may limit the expansion of the villages and even reduce the value of the land in question.

The construction of the proposed transmission line is inadvertently impacting on more households ly- ing between these infrastructures. For example, at Misuna village, near the Singida Substation, the District Land Officer has had difficulties offering title deeds to some of the landowners simply because the piece of land that is owned by these individuals lies between two existing transmission lines (Arusha and Shinyanga line). Although this area is not within the TANESCO wayleave, the land office still categorizes the land as a health risk area. However, according to the TANESCO and general electricity safety code, areas located outside of the wayleave are safe for living and free from electricity hazards and danger.

According to the field survey, a number of permanent houses will need to be relocated as a consequence of the establishment of the wayleave corridor. Following the results of the field survey performed and the subsidiary counting of houses from satellite images, about 840 houses or house like structures (shacks, stands) will be affected by the wayleave and will have to be removed as follows:

• 180 houses between Iringa and Dodoma, i. e. 0.8 houses / km, • 216 houses between Dodoma and Singida, i. e. 1.0 houses / km and • 442 houses between Singida and Shinyanga, i. e. 1.9 houses / km.

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Most of the affected settlements have developed into a linear structure along the existing line, which often plays the role of development axis. In such areas there will be no problem shifting the houses, i.e. to construct a new house on the same plot nearby, and people will be able to continue their farming and livestock keeping activities as usual. But some villages will be quite restricted in this issue due to topographical reasons (e. g. in Puma) or due to the fact that the settlement has developed two- dimensionally. Settlements with such problems will be found in Mkonze and Misuna. The exact number of affected households and persons will, however, be known later, after the final design is completed and the PAP census is undertaken. In any case, PAP will lose their right to occupy part or all the land which they are using for residential or for productive purposes.

In addition to the loss of land, some economically valuable trees, notably mango and other trees, will be cut down. The construction of the proposed transmission line may also involve the destruction of seasonal crops in the wayleave. Prior information will allow those affected to stop from planting new crops or to harvest already planted crops before construction activities begin. Alternatively, construction work can start during the dry season when all farm lands have been harvested. Hence, the effect of the loss of crops and trees on affected people's livelihoods is considered moderately negative.

3.2.2 Loss of Settlement Structures and Shelter

Although no significant relocation by the project-affected people is predicted, several houses will be affected by the proposed project. The kind of houses which will be affected are largely traditional rural houses, which are made of mud and thatches. Some houses built with corrugated iron sheets, cement blocks or burnt bricks, will be affected, largely in urban areas.

Despite this, it is expected that no major threats will be posed to livelihoods, as most people in the project area will be able to continue with farming and livestock keeping activities within their villages. Land is not so scarce in the villages along the right of way. However; land scarcity might be a problem in settlements that are within or adjacent to urban areas. Villages such as Mkonze in Dodoma Municipal and Misuna in Singida Municipality have land shortage and affected households might be forced to relocate outside the village but within the district.

3.2.3 Loss of Income Sources or Means of Livelihood

For the major part of the corridor the land is used for agriculture. Some of this land will be taken permanently for the transmission line towers. The rest of the land, in particular the one under the overhead lines, may still be used for cultivation after completion of the construction works. Some of the standing crops may also be affected during construction.

3.2.4 Loss of Community and Public Structures

A few public infrastructures such as schools, churches, mosques, water supply structures etc., existing or planned, will be affected by the proposed development as they are allocated (partially) within the way-leave. Such items found in the course of field surveys are listed in Table 3-2.

Social services such as dispensaries, water schemes, accommodation facilities are inadequate in most of the settlements along the line. At villages with work camps there will be some pressure on existing services which are already in poor condition.

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This may create some social stress in terms of conflicts regarding resources and in thefts and burglaries. The fact that TANESCO uses barbed wire to secure the towers and pays local communities to guard them is a clear indication of this problem. Currently, TANESCO is paying about TSh 2,000 for each tower sited within the village land.

However, this potential social stress may be mitigated to some extent by the fact that most of the communities in the project area may already be, to some degree, sensitized to potential social problems due to the previous effects from the construction of the existing 220 kV line and road construction between Dodoma and Igunga.

Table 3-2: Affected Infrastructures

Village District Affected Infrastructures Alternative Nala Dodoma Municipal water tank with pipes and tap, primary court, weighbridge yes Bahi Bahi Church, Mission, Secondary school yes Lusilile Manyoni District toilets of primary school no Mkwese Manyoni District underground water pipes no Mkwese Manyoni District water pumping station no Nkunikana Singida Rural small secondary school under construction, small mosque no Puma Singida Rural Watertower yes Misuna Singida Rural dispensary yes Mnung'una Singida Rural small dam + cattle soaking structure no Ntondo Singida rural small mosque no Tumuli Iramba District larger secondary school no Kyengege Iramba District boreholes, well, water pipes yes Kitukutu Iramba District yes boreholes, primary school, secondary school Kitusha Iramba District yes Mgongoro Igunga District small church, small mosque no Planning Conflicts (to be negociated) Ulyampiti Singida Rural village office / dispensary planned no Kipumbwiko Singida Rural secondary school planned no Misigiri Iramba District town development area yes Kizonzo Iramba District village market planned no Source: Field Survey, 2008

Based on available survey data of the existing infrastructures in the village areas affected by the Pro- ject, the expected losses of the above mentioned public infrastructures (Table 3.2) will be less than 1% of total public infrastructures existing in these locations.

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3.2.5 Loss of Cultural and Archaeological Property

Many graves and even graveyards, all together more than 200 graves, have been found inside the wayleave of the existing line (some even established after construction) as well as of the new line. A limited number of these graves may have to be relocated if there is a risk that they will be disturbed by construction activities. Graveyards and larger agglomeration of graves have been found at:

• Kising'a (Iringa Rural) 25 graves • Ikungi (Singida Rural) larger graveyard • Kibigiri (Iramba) 30 graves.

Beliefs and traditions in the project area allow graves to be relocated if it is done in a culturally acceptable way. Compensation will be paid for expenses related to the relocation of graves such as expenses for ceremonies and labour in connection with exhumation and reburial.

The proposed power transmission line may also affect other cultural sites. Discussion with the Antiqui- ties Department highlighted the importance of conserving any archaeological features that will be found within the way-leave.

The proposed power transmission line may affect cultural sites. Some of the cultural sites to be affected are burial sites and graveyards that are used by villages and where local communities perform their traditional rites or ceremonies. In addition, the line will cross Solya Village near Kilimatinde, Manyoni District. Kilimatinde is passed by the Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route, and an old Ger- man Fort in Kilimatinde is located there. The line definitely does not affect these important landmarks.

Most of the stakeholders along the proposed wayleave were concerned if the graves will be compensated and if the process of relocating the graves will be participatory and take into account their cul- tures and values. Land officers that were also part of the ESIA Team explained how the procedure would be carried out. Discussion with the Antiquities Department also highlighted the importance of conserving any archaeological features that will be in the RoW.

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4. Objectives of the Resettlement Plan

Like in all standard Resettlement Action Plans, the objective of a RAP is to ensure that project affected people (PAP) are promptly and fairly compensated for any loss of productive land, structures, or other properties as a result of land requisition for the transmission line wayleave/corridor. Furthermore, a RAP also proposes mitigation measures to ameliorate any negative impacts. Efforts are made in the detailed planning of the line route to avoid densely populated areas and structures as far as technically feasible and with due consideration for safety measures. Consultations with PAP and local authorities have taken place along the corridor as part of the ESIA/RPF studies in order to avoid unnecessary relocation and impacts.

The present Resettlement Action Plan is providing most of the information and details required by a full RAP as they are defined by the WB OP 4.12. It includes the description of the project, identification of the project components leading to resettlement, the social characterization of the affected population; the description of the legal, policy and institutional frameworks for resettlement and compensation in Tanzania; the criteria for eligibility and the resettlement and compensation entitlements; the results of the community participation and consultation program; the identification of the grievance mechanisms; description of implementation arrangements; and the objectives of the evaluation and monitoring activities linked to implementation of the RAP.

However, due the pending detailed design of the transmission line route and the detailed land survey, including the demarcation of transmission line corridors, the present Resettlement Policy Framework cannot include a detailed census, inventory and valuation of assets of the PAP. Once those aspects have been included, the full RAP can be completed.

This RPF document complements the ESIA and aims to minimize the social impacts of the proposed 400 kV Transmission Line. In order to achieve this, the RPF emphasizes that:

• involuntary resettlement should as much as possible be avoided by exploring all possible alternatives; • if resettlement cannot be avoided, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development activities with the participation and consent of the PAP; • at the end of the day the PAP should be in a better socio-economic position than before the Pro- ject.

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5. Socio-Economic Characteristics

5.1 Overview

This Chapter describes the socioeconomic characteristics of the population of all districts which will be affected by the project's right-of-way. The project covers five regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, Singida, Tabora and Shinyanga and several districts and villages.

Generally, all villagers that will be affected by the project have most of the basic social services as described in each District socioeconomic profiles. The services include schools (primary and secondary), water, health and communications (roads and telephone) .However most of these services are either of poor quality or not sufficient. In newly established Districts such as those Kishapu, Bahi and Cham- wino, most of the major social services such as a district hospital are unavailable.

This is also the case in newly established villages such as Mitoo-Juu in Manyoni District and Isalanda in Singida Rural where basic social services such as health and primary schools are still unavailable. Annex 3.5 provides information on available social service infrastructures in all villages likely to be affected by the Project. It has been noted that the proposed Project might affect some of the existing social and cultural infrastructures.

The ESIA, which this RPF complements, has proposed some alternatives that will minimize impacts of the Project to the social infrastructure and services, in such a way that less than 1% of existing public infrastructures will be really affected.

Most of the local communities along the proposed RoW are small-scale farmers, making agriculture and livestock keeping their main economic activities. Other PAP, especially those in urban areas, are engaged in activities such as employment and business. People around Mtera Dam are involved in fishing. Most farmers practice subsistence farming with very low annual output. There is very little use of agricultural fertilizers and mechanized agricultural. Seasonal crops cultivated include sunflowers and cotton (cash crops), while food crops include maize, groundnuts and millet. Few villagers in Chamwino and Mpwapwa districts of Dodoma Region cultivate grapes as a cash crop.

The Project is also likely to impact land used by local communities for agricultural activities. In villages such as Kisima in Mpwapwa District, part of the most fertile pieces of land, is likely to be affected by the Project. Details of the socio-economic baseline conditions in each district are provided below.

5.2 Iringa Region

5.2.1 Iringa Municipality

Iringa Municipality is one of the 6 districts of Iringa Region in the southern highlands of Tanzania.

Population According to projections based on the 2002 Population and Household Census, which provided an annual growth rate of 1.6%, the district has today a total population of about 113,350 people, of which 58,879 are female and 54,471 are male. The number of children under 5 years old is about 22,675. On the other hand, the elderly constitute 2,717 of the total population.

Economy The main economic activity of the district is agriculture, mainly based on subsistence economy and

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small scale sales for villages which are on the periphery of the municipality. People living in the urban area are mainly running small-scale industries, doing commerce and petty trading.

Education services The district has 43 primary schools out of which 36 are governmental schools and seven are private owned. There are also 11 secondary schools. In addition, district has three universities, one Teachers College, one vocational training centre, one Community Development College and three University Colleges.

Health sector There are three hospitals in the municipality. One belongs to the government, the other two belonging to religious institutions. There are also two government owned health centres and one private health centre. The municipality has 20 dispensaries.

Major health problems are malnutrition and infant mortality. Other common diseases are HIV/Aids, malaria and tuberculosis. There is an increase of HIV/Aids by 13.7% per year, and the region as such is one of the highly infected regions in Tanzania. The main cause for this high rate of infection has been the highly migrant labour force that moves a lot between the region and other regions in search of job opportunities as plantation workers, domestic workers and traders.

Water supply The main sources of water for the district are the Little Ruaha River and the Kitwiru springs. About 90% of people in the municipality have access to safe and clean drinking water.

5.2.2 Iringa Rural District

Iringa Rural District has an area of 20,576 km² of which only 9,857.5 km² is habitable, whereas a national park, some forest reserves, rocky mountains and water bodies occupy the rest of the land area.

Population The district has a total population of more than 250,000, of which around 120,000 are males and 130,000 are females. The dependence ratio is about 50%, whereby more than 122,000 children and the elderly are dependent on 124,000 economically active population.

Economy The mainstay for the majority of the people in the district is agriculture, which employs about 82% of the active population. Livestock keeping is another main economic activity, largely undertaken at low sedentary levels. Pastoralist concentrates in the areas close to the national park as well as around the Mtera dam in search of pasture and water. Other economic activities include fishing, forestry, tourism, service sector (transportation) and trading. Crops grown for commercial purpose include pyrethrum, coffee, tobacco, and sunflower while crops cultivated food but also occasionally sold include maize, beans, millet, sorghum, peas, tomatoes, paddy, groundnuts and wheat.

Infrastructures The district has good road network, well-developed telecommunications, electricity supply, postal and banking services, water supply as well as various financial institutions.

Energy supply Electricity consumed in Iringa District is supplied from the national grid system. In addition, the district is home to one of the major hydropower plants in Tanzania, the Mtera Dam that runs on water from

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the Great Ruaha River, a key landmark of the district.

Health sector Iringa District has 1 hospital, 5 health centres, 58 dispensaries and 35 pharmacies. The main health problems include malnutrition, infant mortality diarrhoea, malaria and HIV/Aids. With sudden increase in the number of universities and students in Iringa, pressure on existing health services is likely to increase and the possibility of getting more cases of sick people due to communicable diseases is high.

Education The District has 144 primary schools and 9 secondary schools.

Water supply About 197,809 people or about 60% of the population in the rural areas have access to clean water within a range of 400 meters. Most of the water is from rivers, springs and boreholes.

5.3 Dodoma Region

5.3.1 Mpwapwa District

Mpwapwa District is located about 120 km southeast from Dodoma regional headquarters. The district covers a total area of 7,379 km².

Population By the year 2002, the district had a total population of 253,602 people. With an annual growth rate of 2.1%, the District population is now estimated to be 289,914 people.

Education Services The district has a total number of 130 nursery schools, 115 primary schools and 23 secondary schools. Existing primary and secondary schools are facing major shortage of school infrastructures; currently the government in collaboration with the local communities is in the process of improving the status and quality of these schools.

Health Services The health care system consists of one hospital, 2 health centres and 43 dispensaries. The public owns about 78% of the health service facilities while charitable organizations, NGOs and private institutions own the rest. The most common diseases in the district are malaria, ARI, diarrhoea and pneumonia.

Water Supply The district has about 32 boreholes, 71 shallow wells (using hand pumps) and 32 water springs. As part of the effort of the district to reduce some of the water borne diseases, the district has been increasing the population served with clean water in the rural areas from 62% in 2005/06 to 74% in 2006/07.

Economic Activities Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities of the people of Mpwapwa. About 90% of the total population is engaged in these economic activities. Other activities include small and medium scale business, small-scale industries and office work employing about 2% of the population.

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5.3.2 Chamwino District

Chamwino District in Dodoma region is located on the central plateau of Tanzania west of Dodoma City. The district has a total area of 8,856 km² with 72 villages and 28 wards, spread in 5 divisions, namely Itiso, Makang'wa, Mvumi, Chilonwa and Mpwayungu.

Population According to 2002 national census, the population of Chamwino District was 260,841 people, made up of 23,972 male and 136,869 female, with an average population density of 31 people per km². There are about 103,659 households in the district with an average size of 4.1 people per household. Ac- cording to Regional and District projections, the district population for 2007 was estimated at 284,637, of which 36, 684 were male 147,953 were female.

Education The district has 109 primary schools including one special school for handicapped at Buigiri Mission. In addition, the district has 47,239 students in its 109 schools out of which 24,266 are boys and 22,975 are girls. In 1996, there was only one secondary school in Chamwino but this situation has changed and there are now 11 secondary schools in district.

Health services The health situation in the district portrays the same patterns experienced by other less developed areas in the Dodoma region. The district is characterized by high occurrence of common preventable diseases such as malaria, eye disease, diarrhoea, skin disease and intestinal worms. Apart from prevalence of common diseases among the district population, infant and child mortality rates and maternal mortally rates are higher than the national average. The district has one private hospital, 3 rural health centres and 49 dispensaries.

Water supply Poor climate condition and the absence of reliable water sources like permanent rivers and spring has forced the district population to depend on boreholes, shallow wells, rainwater harvesting structures and wind mills which have minimized the perpetual chronic water shortage for both animals and domestic use. The district has 129 water supply schemes capable of providing clean and safe water to 74% of the district population.

Energy The National hydroelectric power grid serves some parts of the district; other sources include diesel, petrol and kerosene, which are sources of energy for both domestic and commercial usage. However, like in other areas if the region, the majority of the population depends on firewood and charcoal for their energy needs. This dependence has implications on forest and vegetation cover and is a critical factor to note as TANESCO expands the power supply to the district.

Economy The district has one of the lowest incomes per capital in the region, which is estimated at TSh 120,000. The economy of the district is entirely dependent on agriculture and livestock keeping, which are not doing well after all. The main cash crops produced in the district include groundnuts, sunflower, castor and simsim. Other economic sectors such as mining, forestry, bee keeping and fishing play an important role in the economy of the district.

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5.3.3 Dodoma Municipality

Dodoma Municipality is one of six administrative districts that make up Dodoma Region. The municipality was established in July 1980. However, government declared Dodoma Township the new national capital as early as 1973. Today Dodoma Municipality is still the official capital of the United Re- public of Tanzania and the substantive seat of the Union Parliament.

Population The current projected population is 441,450 people based on the Population and Housing Census of 2002. The total number of households is 76,112 with an average household size of 5.8 people per household. The average population growth rate is 3.3% per annum. There are 238,383 people living in the rural areas and 203,067 living in urban areas of the municipality, but the whole of the municipality is a planning area under the Capital Development Authority (CDA).

Economy About 75% of the municipal income is derived from agriculture (crop and animal husbandry) and the remaining 25% from other sectors. The contribution of industries to the municipal economy to date is low due to little industrial investment. The peri-urban population is engaged mainly in crop production and animal husbandry. The municipal income per capita has slightly risen from TSh 170,000 in 2005 to more than TSh 240,000 in 2008.

Education services Dodoma Municipality has 103 primary schools with 66,547 pupils of which 33,101 are male and 33,446 are female and 52 secondary schools of which 36 are public schools and 16 are private schools. The municipality also has 8 special education centres for disabled students. There are also two universities established in Dodoma Municipality, one is a public university and another one belonging to a religious institution. The University of Dodoma (public) and St. Johns' University (private) are located within the municipal area have a combined number of students of over 15, 000 in total. Other institutions include the Dodoma Branch of College of Business Administration, a Vocational Training Centre and a Rural Development Institute.

Health services Dodoma Municipality has 3 hospitals, 2 of which are owned by the Government and 1 hospital owned by a religious institution. There are five health centres, the Council owns three and two are privately owned, 48 dispensaries, of which 23 are government owned, 15 belong to religious institutions and 10 are privately owned. Dodoma Regional Hospital (General Hospital) serves as a Municipal Hospital because the district does not have an own hospital. Common diseases in the district include malaria, acute respiratory infection (ARI), Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/Aids.

Communication infrastructure Dodoma Municipality has a total of 526.4 kilometres of road in which 40.8 km (7.75%) are tarmac, 62 km (11.8%) are gravel and 423.6 km (80.5%) are earth road.

Water supply There are 40 villages in the municipality with 34 deep-water wells, 80 shallow water wells, 2 dams, 1 natural spring and 4 windmills. The total number of people living in the rural areas is 238,383, of which 166,868 (70%) people have access to clean and safe water. The community is operating these water schemes through their water user committees. The rest of the municipal population receives water from the municipal supply system. Water is a critical resource in the district, largely due to poor infrastructure support system.

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5.3.4 Bahi District

Bahi District is one of the six districts in Dodoma Region. The district is located at the central plateau of Tanzania, towards the western side of the country. The district has a total area of 6,100 km² with 56 villages and 20 wards, which are divided into four divisions, namely Mwitikira, Chipanga, Bahi and Mundemu.

Economy Bahi is among the least developed districts of Tanzania and is the poorest in terms of estimated income per capita. It is estimated that the annual per capita income is 120,000 TSh. The district economy is almost entirely depending on agriculture and livestock keeping which are not doing well in the district due to poor climatic conditions. Agriculture is characterized by low productivity resulting from low rainfall, high evapotranspiration and low moisture holding capacity of soils.

Population According to the 2002 national census, the population of Bahi District was 179,704 people, thereof 85,430 male and 94,294 female. The population growth rate was 1.6% per annum. The average household size is estimated about 4.5 people compared to the national level average of 5.2 people per household. Bahi has about 3,659 households.

Energy Apart from the hydroelectric scheme of the Mtera Dam, there is also energy from diesel, petrol and kerosene, which are used by small industries and domestic use. However, more than 95% of the population depends on firewood and charcoal as their source of energy mainly for cooking. Excessive use of charcoal and firewood has led to the destruction of the eco-system in terms of forest depletion and its subsequent negative impacts.

Education services The district has 67 primary schools including one special school for handicapped. Bahi District had fewer secondary schools in the past 10 years, a situation that aggravated the problem of low numbers of pupils going to secondary schools. However, the district began to implement measures to deal with this issue and now there are 8 secondary schools built at the district.

Health sector The district has 30 health facilities, 3 government owned rural health centres and 27 dispensaries, of which 26 are government owned and one dispensary is under the ownership of a voluntary agency. The district does not have a hospital, forcing local communities to depend on hospitals that are located in other districts.

The most common diseases in the district include malaria, URTI and eye infections. Other diseases such as diarrhoea and kwashiorkor are associated with hygiene and malnutrition. The health sector in the district faces problems of shortage of human resources, medical supplies and finance.

Water supply Water supply is one of the major components for improving the hygiene and sanitation of a community. However, poor climatic conditions and the absence of permanent rivers and springs have neces- sitated the drilling of boreholes, shallow wells and use of windmills to pump water to distribution points. In addition, water-harvesting techniques are also common in Bahi as a measure to deal with water scarcity.

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The district has 133 water supply schemes capable to providing clean and safe water to 66% of the district population. Some of the water supply points are within the proposed wayleave and this RPF has proposed mitigation measures in the form of alternative alignment to prevent effect to the water supply infrastructure.

5.4 Singida Region

5.4.1 Manyoni District

Manyoni District is located in the central part of Tanzania. It has an area of 28,620 km² and covers 58% of the Singida Region area.

Population The District had a population of 205,423 people in 2002, of which 105,238 were female and 100,185 were male. The highest population density is in Manyoni ward with 24,318 inhabitants and the least populated ward is Aghondi with 4,027 inhabitants. The district has 42,889 households with an average household size of 4.7 people.

Economy The main economic activities in the District are farming where crops such as maize, beans, sorghum, millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, sunflower, cotton, tobacco are cultivated on small-scale level. Other economic activities include mining, petty trading, timber processing, tourism, hunting and beekeeping. Livestock is also an important economic activity in the district. The annual per capita income in the district is TSh 215,760.

Water Supply The District Council is concerned with the delivery of clean and safe water in urban, peri-urban and rural areas. Water sources include 55 deep wells 27 medium deep wells, 36 shallow wells, 10 dams and 2 irrigation schemes. Motor pumps and windmills provide most of the energy sources for pumping water from the sources to the distribution systems and points. The proposed power transmission line will put more pressure in water, although this will be experienced only during the short period of construction phase. About 31% of the rural and 23% of the urban population have access to clean and safe water.

Communication Several telecommunication companies operate in Manyoni district. These include Tanzania Telecom- munication Company (TTCL) and some mobile phone companies such as Zain, Vodacom, Tigo and Zantel. The District is also connected with the Central Railway System from Dar es Salaam to Kigoma and Mwanza and a junction to Dodoma -Singida Railway line. These railway lines are very crucial for transport of raw materials and passengers between western, central and eastern Tanzania and might be used to transport construction materials for the proposed power transmission line in bulk form.

Energy supply Manyoni district council is connected to the National grid and some of the people are served with electricity in their homes. However, still the largest population in the district is depending on firewood and charcoal. The proposed power line project may increase pressure on biomass and exacerbate forest depletion although this will only be during constriction phase.

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Education services The district has 16 secondary schools. Each administrative division and ward has at least one secondary school. Even though, most of the schools lack necessary buildings such as laboratories, libraries or boarding facilities.

Health Health service facilities in Manyoni District Council include 3 hospitals, 4 health centres and 28 dispensaries. Major epidemic diseases are cholera, meningitis and measles.

Historical and cultural sites Manyoni district is a potential tourist and historical site. Among the unique features which are found in Manyoni are the Itigi Thickets (Ndarambwe), which are endemic to this district. Another historical site is the old Central Ivory and Slave Trade Caravan Route, which was followed during the slave trade all the way to Bagamoyo in the Indian Ocean coast. Kilimatinde village is strategically situated on the hill- top served as an observation point when the caravans were moving down the embankment. The proposed power line may not cross some of these features, but they form an important landmark for the district and its history.

5.4.2 Singida Rural District

Singida District covers an area of about 12,164 km². The annual per capita income is only TSh 144,000. the population growth rate 2.4%. Poor farming technologies, unreliable rains, low soil fertility and poor farming methods contribute to the underdevelopment in the district. However, the district is endowed with unexplored natural resource bases including minerals, forests, wildlife and water (dams). Moreover, 55% of the total land area is arable while grazing land covers an area of about 3737.2 km².

Population The District had a total population of 400,377 people in year 2002 of which 195,022 were male and 205,355 were female. Singida Rural District had 79,595 households of which 75,009 households were located in rural areas and 4,586 households in urban areas. According to the 2002 census, the average household size was 5.0 persons per household.

Economy The main economic activities in the district are farming and livestock keeping. Other activities include fishing, beekeeping, small-scale mining, small businesses, cottage industry, and lumbering. Both food and cash crops are grown. Food crops include maize, sorghum, millets, paddy, beans, cassava and sweet potatoes. Cash crops include sunflower, groundnuts, finger millet, yellow peas, coriander, onions, simsim, cotton, and other newly introduced crops like pigeon peas, cashew nuts and mlonge.

Small-scale farmers constitute 40% of the economic activities, pastoralists 20%, agro-pastoralists 30% and mixed farmers 10% of the total population. Others include small-scale industries such as grain mills, oil mills carpentry workshops, black smith and tailoring. On the business side shops, kiosks, tea- rooms, guesthouses, saloons, and groceries provide services to the people on essential products. These activities will greatly benefit from increased and expanded supply of energy from the proposed power transmission project.

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Health services The district has 38 dispensaries, 6 health centres and one hospital. Malaria and pneumonia are the most common diseases in the district. HIV/Aids and tuberculosis are also becoming a threat to the district.

Education There are 147 primary schools and 11 secondary schools in the district.

5.4.3 Singida Municipality

Singida Municipality covers an area 754 km², of which 730.5 km² is land area and 23.5 km² is covered by water. Administratively, the district has 2 division, 13 wards, 19 villages and 39 streets.

Population Singida Municipality had a total population of 115,354 by 2002. Of these, about, 55,828 were male and 59,526 were female. It is projected that in year 2008 the population of Singida Municipality will be 153,548 people of which 75,750 will be male and 77,798 female. The total number of households in 2002 was 24,512 with an average household size of 4.7 persons. The population growth rate is 2.5% per annum.

Economy Agriculture is the largest economic activity in Singida Municipality, which employs about 90% of the economically active population. The district has an average total area of 9,452 hectares under cultivation, of which 8,456 hectares is under food crops and 996 hectares under cash crops. The main food crops grown in the district are maize, sorghum, bulrush millet, sweet potatoes and beans. Maize has a high risk of failure in the district, as it requires higher rainfall. The main cash crops grown in the area is sunflower that is sold raw or pressed into cooking oil and sold locally or to other regions, including Dar es Salaam. Other economic activities include petty trading, commerce, employment (formal) and service provision.

Livestock keeping is an important economic activity in the district. It provides the population with high quality protein such as meat, milk, and eggs. It also provides draught power, hides, skin and manure. Common livestock in the district are cattle, goats, sheep, donkeys and pigs. In addition, poultry (locally kept) is a thriving business in Singida with chicken transported to Dar es Salaam and Dodoma, Morogoro and markets. The district has been affected by factors such as unreliable rainfall poor market, limited access to facilities capable of controlling or preventing animal diseases, insufficiency pasture and lack of reliable water sources especially during the dry season such that its livestock industry has not developed fully. There are no large-scale industrial activities in the district part from few and isolated oil pressing facilities.

Water supply The larger part of the population does not have access to clean and safe water, especially the people living in rural areas. In Singida Municipality, only 51% of the population has access to safe, clean and adequate water. Insufficient water sources and inadequate resources to distribute water to more people are factors that limit supply of this resource to the needy population. Most of the sources are shallow wells, which dry up during dry season.

Health services Malaria is the main disease affecting many people in the district. Other diseases include ARI, Pneu- monia and diarrhoea. Epidemics also pose a greater danger to Singida Municipal community. Dis-

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eases, which have a tendency to spread fast and become fatal, are measles, cholera, plaque, meningitis and dysentery. The district has one regional hospital, two health centres, one public and the other one private, 9 public dispensaries and 6 private dispensaries. The services are low to moderate due to inadequate staff and resources to provide for better equipment. The power transmission line will increase pressure on such services due to the workers who will be involved in construction.

Figure 5-1: Mungumaji Dispensary, one of the Health Facilities in Singida (no longer affected after rerouting)

Energy supply Firewood and charcoal are the main sources of energy in household in Singida Municipality. The proposed power line transmission line is intended to increase the capacity of electricity to the district through the substation however; most of the people in outlaying villages will continue to depend on firewood for a long time to come. The power line project will have low to moderate effect on firewood production and consumption during construction, due to increased demand by the workers.

Education services The Municipality has 33 public and 8 pre-primary schools with 3,430 pupils, and 34 primary schools with 26,979 pupils. It has also five public secondary schools and two private secondary schools with 10,139 students. Education in the Municipality is facing problems of shortage of primary schools, poor enrolment rates, shortage of teachers and equipments. However, since most of the workers in the proposed power line will be for short duration only, pressure on schools will not be an issue. However, delinquency, school absenteeism and pregnancies could be issue of concern along the right of way within the district.

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5.4.4 Iramba District

Iramba District is part of Singida Region. Kiomboi, which is the district headquarters, is located 100 km from Singida Town.

Population Iramba is the mostly densely populated district in Singida Region. Currently the District population is 392,645 people, whereas 190,818 people are male and 201,827 people are female. The total number of households in the district is 75,943 with an average household size of 5.1 persons.

Economy Agriculture is the largest economic activity in the district employing about 85% of the population. Main food crops include maize, millet, sorghum, paddy, cassava, sweet potatoes and beans, while main cash crops are sunflower, onions, groundnuts, cotton, simsim, pigeon peas and yellow grams. The annual per capita income in Iramba accounts is about 240,000 TSh. Other households complement agriculture with livestock keeping and petty business. The district natural resources sector comprises of forestry, fisheries, beekeeping and wildlife, and is one of the key sectors that contribute to the district gross domestic product.

Education In 2007 the district has 148 primary schools and 16 secondary schools. The district is expecting 13 additional secondary schools in the next years.

Health Services The district has two hospitals (one public hospital, and one hospital owned by a voluntary agency). There are also four government health centres, 35 government dispensaries and 13 voluntary agency dispensaries, three dispensaries under the national parastatals and one private owned dispensary. The most common diseases in the district include malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, eye infections and HIV/Aids.

Water Supply In the year 2007, Iramba district had 341 functioning water supply schemes in addition to 7 schemes which were not properly working. The water supply schemes are dominated by shallow wells as the main source, followed by wells equipped with hand pump.

5.5 Tabora Region

5.5.1 Igunga District

Igunga District is one of the six districts of Tabora Region and covers an area of 4,499 km², and borders with Kishapu District to the north, Iramba District to the east, Uyui District to the south and Nzega District to the west.

Population According to the 2002 Population Census, the district had 324,094 inhabitants, of which 159,667 were male and 165,880 were female. The district has 51,176 households with an average household size of 6.3 persons.

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Economy Agriculture and livestock keeping are the main economic activities in Igunga District. Livestock kept include cattle, goats, sheep and pigs. Agriculture is poor because of unreliable rainfall and poor farming technologies. Consequently, there are wide variations of crops produced every year. In order to increase production, irrigation farming must be adopted to a large extent. The district has a potential of 40,790 hectares for irrigation.

Education Services By the end of 2006, Igunga District had 128 primary schools and 16 secondary schools.

5.6 Shinyanga Region

5.6.1 Kishapu District

Kishapu District is one of the 8 districts that form Shinyanga Region. The district borders Meatu and Iramba Districts in the east, Igunga District in the south, and Maswa and Kwimba Districts in the north. The total area of the district is 4,039 km².

Population In 2002, the district population was 240,000 of which 121,000 were male and 120,000 were female. With an annual population growth rate of 1.6% this population is currently estimated to be 292,000. The average household size is 6.1.

Economy The main economic activities in Kishapu District are agriculture (88.1%), forestry and fishery (6.3%), local mining (0.9%), small-scale businesses (0.9%) and other economic activities (3.8%). The average daily income per head was about 727 TSh and annual per capita income was about 262,000 TSh.

The main crops grown include sorghum, yams, maize, sunflower, groundnuts, paddy, and cotton. To- tal arable land is about 319,200 hectares but only 56.7% of this area is cultivated (181,138 hectares). Livestock keeping is the second main economic activity, which engages about 27% of the district's population.

Education services There are 115 primary schools and 28 secondary schools in the district. The district has also an adult education programme and there are 86 centres for adult education.

Health services The district has one hospital, 4 health centres and 42 dispensaries. Common diseases in the district are malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia, eye infection, Helmini arthriasis, skin infection and HIV/Aids.

Water supply Most of the population obtains drinking water from dams and rivers (59.8%) and shallow and deep wells (40.2%). About 70% of people use water for domestic purposes from protected wells, and 30% from taps or rainwater collection.

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5.6.2 Shinyanga Municipality

Shinyanga Municipality covers an area of 548 km², and has 13 administrative wards and 19 villages.

Population In 2002, the district had 135,166 people, of which 66,835 were male and 68,331 were female. It is estimated that the total population will be 181,838 in 2008, of which 89,266 are male and 92,271 female. The district intercensual growth rate is 3.3%. In 2002, the district had 67,583 households with an average household size of 2.0 persons per household.

Economy The district economy is depending mainly on agriculture, most of which is at subsistence level. Ap- proximately 90% of the population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agricultural production in the district is mostly rain fed. Main cash crops are cotton and tobacco, while the main food crops are maize, sorghum, paddy, sweet potatoes, millet and cassava. Modern diary farming and poultry are also taking place in the district.

Apart from agriculture, livestock, keeping; mining, and industrial activities play an important role in the district economy. Indeed, the propose power line will add 400 kV of power to the existing capacity and boost the supply of energy to the expanding mining industry. Other industrial activities that may also benefit from the power supply include cotton ginning, cottonseed oil extraction, milling and small-scale industries.

Water supply Currently, Shinyanga Municipality receives water from four sources, namely Ning'hwa dam and Nhumbu dam near Mwadui, some boreholes near Kizumbi, and various shallow wells. It is estimated that only 56% of its population has access to clean and safe water. The demand of water, which was estimated to be 14,689m 3 per day, is expected to reach 17,000 m3 per day by the year 2010. Most of the pressure is from mining activities that demand more water. The proposed project will only compound the already strained water supply system by increasing demand, especially during construction.

Energy supply Energy source utilized for both industrial and domestic activities are hydro-and thermal electricity, firewood, diesel, petrol and kerosene. The dominant source of energy for domestic cooking is fuel wood. In urban areas fuel wood normally takes the form of charcoal, while in rural areas firewood is pre- ferred. Even where electricity is available to households, only a few people can afford it. Hence, the total consumption of electricity in the municipality in 2005 was only 3,716 MWh per month.

Health services High infant and maternal mortality characterize the health situation in Shinyanga Municipality. The high rates of water borne diseases as well as severe malnutrition are also experienced in some parts of the municipality. Inadequate health facilities, poor equipment, inadequate hospital supplies and delivery services have compounded the health problems in the municipality. Some of the common diseases in the district include malaria, anaemia and pneumonia.

For instance, there were 23,327 cases of malaria in 2005, followed by 368 cases of anaemia and 148 cases of pneumonia. HIV/Aids is also a problem in municipality. The number of cases is increasing much more and faster than in other districts. Increased human interaction, relatively more money in circulation from mining, livestock sector and farming as well as poverty are factors that prompt this increase in HIV/Aids cases. The proposed development will increase labour force and money economy and thereby creating additional conducive environment for the spread of communicable diseases.

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Education services The municipality has 46 public and 6 pre-primary schools with 4,078 pupils and 33 public and 4 private primary schools with 30,396 pupils. In addition, there were 18 public and 4 secondary schools with 10,139 students in 2006. Education service is facing problems such as shortage of primary schools, poor enrolment rates, shortage of teachers and equipments.

5.7 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Affected Population

This section presents a brief description and analysis of the basic socio-economic characteristics of the affected population, based on the results of the household surveys conducted in all 93 villages along the wayleave which will be more or less affected by the Project. It should be noted that most rural areas in the country have basically similar socio-economic characteristics.

5.7.1 Demographic Characteristics

The average household size in most villages along the RoW varies between 4.0 and 6.3 household members in the districts affected by the project. Kishapu District has the highest average household size (6.3 members). About 87% of the heads of household in the affected villages are male. House- hold with female heads are mostly widows or divorced, a factor also observed in villages that are in urban areas.

In most of the villages, families tend to stay together and share most of their resources, including meals. In Kishapu, for example, families sharing a compound would include parents, their married children, as well as their grandchildren. This family tends to share meals, farms and other basic needs.

5.7.2 Migration Patterns

With the exception of communities living in urban areas such as those in Dodoma Urban (Mkonze and Michese villages) as well as Mtera village in Mpwapwa District, most of the affected populations were born in their residential villages or districts (Figure 5-2). Mtera village in Mpwapwa District had the highest rate of migrants (about 31%) due to fishing activities carried out at Mtera dam, as well as employment at the Mtera hydropower station. The proposed power transmission line project may influence further migration to the villages along the wayleave in search of employment.

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Figure 5-2: Percentage of Population per District Cluster Born Outside of Villages

Source: Field Survey, 2008

5.7.3 Educational Levels

Almost 29% of the surveyed heads of households of all 13 districts have not attained any level of education. The rate of illiteracy was relatively high in Kishapu District (44%) and Mpwapwa District (39%). Most heads of household have attained basic primary education (35%), and only 2.7% secondary education. Less than 1% of the affected population has college or vocational education. This education level, however, is concentrated in urban areas, but practically not existing in rural areas. With the current emphasis of the Government to ensure that Tanzanian children attend schools, the rate of school enrolments has increased in most parts of the country.

For instance, within the project area the rate of children at school age who are going to school is about 87%. 24% of them are attending secondary education. In all 13 districts affected by the project there are only three vocational training centres of which two are located in Iringa Municipal. However, there are also several universities in Iringa and Dodoma while such facilities are lacking in Shinyanga and Singida. Table 5-1 below shows the educational status of household heads living in the proposed power transmission line corridor.

Table 5-1: Educational Status of the Heads of Households in the Line Corridor

Level of Education Percentage None 28.8 Primary school 35.0 Secondary 2.7 College 0.4 Technical/vocational 0.3 Attending primary school 24.7 Primary school Dropout 2.6 Drop-out secondary 0.5

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Level of Education Percentage Attending secondary school 4.7 University 0.1 Adult Education 0.2 Source: Field Survey, 2008

5.7.4 Water Supply

Various sources of water are available in the villages and urban areas along the way leave. These sources and supply systems include traditional wells, communal wells with pumps, rivers, dams, streams, water taps from municipal and council water supply systems, and water harvesting techniques. Water taps account for about 20% and of total supply systems. Severe drought affect most of the villagers in terms if availability of water, forcing people to travel over 10 km in search of this services. For example, Mwamakona village in Igunga District is very much affected during the dry season.

Some of the villages have more than one source of water. For example, Mkwese village in Manyoni District and Mkonze in Dodoma Urban while others still rely on neighbouring villages for the services. Kizonzo village in Iramba District for instance has to obtain water from Nselembwe village. In addition, although water is available in some areas, its quality is very poor due to lack of treatment.

5.7.5 Health Services and Other Support Infrastructure

Other social services found in the project area include health facilities; 39 villages out of the 93 affected villages do have health centres, critical cases are referred to the responsible district hospital. Districts such as Chamwino, Bahi and Kishapu currently do not have district hospitals and therefore, the residents in these districts use hospitals in nearby districts. Common diseases in the areas include Malaria, URTI and other water borne diseases. HIV/Aids is also a major challenge and an issue to be seriously considered in the proposed project. Other social infrastructures available in the project area include police stations, courts, post offices, telecommunication facilities, banks, internet services, markets and shops, but mainly in urban or semi-urban areas (Annex 3.5).

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Figure 5-3: Tumuli Secondary School in Iramba District (within the wayleave)

5.7.6 Transport

Currently most of the affected villages are easily accessible from their relevant district headquarters. In addition, most of the villages are located along the main roads of Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-Shinyanga. Since the transmission line will follow the main road (except in some few areas where it diverts several metres away), most of the villages will also be accessed and therefore the workers camp will have better access to sources of supplies. Kishapu is probably the only district town that is not located along the main road making its accessibility very difficult during rain season.

Other districts such as Manyoni, Singida Municipality, Singida Rural and Shinyanga Municipality, are also accessible by rail that links the central part of Tanzania with the rest of the country. Airports and airstrips are also located in some districts within the project area. For example, the Manyoni airstrip is at Mitoo village and the Iringa airport is at Nduli village. Officials from Manyoni District expressed concern that the proposed project is likely to affect the Manyoni airstrip in terms of impairing its scenic view. Access roads that have been developed by TANESCO for maintaining the existing transmission line have become important roads for transportation from and to the villages of Mitoo, Isalanda and Choda.

5.7.7 Energy Use

Out of the 93 villages likely to be affected by the proposed project, only 16 are connected to the Na- tional Grid of TANESCO. Most of these areas are in the urban centres such as Singida, Manyoni, Do- doma and Iringa. Other villages use generators or solar panels to obtain electricity. However, most villagers use kerosene (about 88%) as the major source of lighting. Firewood is used for cooking in both urban and rural areas. Some households, mainly those in urban areas, also use charcoal as a cooking

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fuel.

5.7.8 Land Tenure and Use

About 96% of the interviewed household heads own one or more pieces of land. Land is mainly used for settlement, agriculture and grazing. Land owned by household heads was inherited, bought or obtained from the village government. There is a significant difference of size of land owned by household heads from one area to another, with areas having total land size of up to 100 acres. For instance, in Kishapu and Igunga District land is mainly used for cotton cultivation and grazing. House- holds in urban areas or villages that are located adjacent to urban areas such as Ibada Kuli in Shin- yanga Municipality, Nala in Dodoma Municipality and Puma in Singida Rural have relatively small farm sizes.

In most of the affected villages, land is still available and could be allocated to households that willbe impacted by the project. For instance, in Bahi village where the project is likely to affect about 85 houses, the village government and the district council noted that it will be possible to allocate alternative land to the affected households. However, a large population of the surveyed households reported that it might be difficult to obtain land close to where they are currently located.

5.7.9 Housing Conditions

Most of the houses along the wayleave are of poor quality. Most such houses have been constructed using mud and thatches. The type of houses found in the rural areas of Mpwapwa and Bahi Districts are of similar design i.e. very short and small tembe, mostly built with mud and covered with mud on top. These houses are having one to two rooms. In Iringa Region, most of the houses are of improved design, i.e. built of a combination of traditional and modern construction materials such as corrugated iron sheets for roofing, burnt bricks and/or cement blocks.

Villages that are close to missionary centres, such as Chibumagwa and Chikuyu in Manyoni, and Misigiri village in Iringa Rural have improved houses. Villages that are located along the main Dodoma -Singida road, or on small towns such as Iguguno, Nselembwe-Shelui and Misigiri village have mixed materials in their houses combining, modern building materials (cement and corrugated iron sheets) or improved (i.e. a combination of modern materials and traditional once). Social services and infrastructure along the way leave that are likely to be affected are also built with very modern and strong structures.

Most of the houses in the rural areas comprise more than one structure, which include the main house (normally with three rooms), a kitchen, store, toilet and other small huts used by household members. It should be noted that most of the structures will not be located directly under the wayleave, but the project may affect them by changing the structure of the dwelling and hence the internal social system at family level. For instance, in Igunga District, toilets used by household were found located 50 meters away from the main structure and possibly located within the way leave. A detailed resettlement assessment should reveal the more pertinent features of the housing condition in order to determine appropriate compensation packages for the project affected persons.

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Figure 5-4: Common Types of Houses Found Along the Proposed Line Kizonzo Village

5.7.10 Economy

The major economic activities in the affected districts are farming and livestock keeping. Other activities include fishing, beekeeping, small-scale mining and small businesses. Both food and cash crops are grown at different scales. There is very little variation in the type of crops grown in most parts of the project area. With exceptions of cotton that is mostly grown in Igunga and Kishapu as the main cash crops, other districts of Singida, Dodoma and Iringa region grow sunflower and maize as their main cash crop. Food crops include maize, sorghum, millets, paddy, beans, cassava and sweet potatoes. Other cash crops grown in the project area include groundnuts, finger millet, yellow peas, coriander, onions and simsim.

Small-scale farming constitutes 40% of the economic activities, pasturage 20%, agro-pasturage 30% and mixed farming 10%. Very few of the heads of surveyed households (< 10%) reported having a wage-paying job. As well, neither the spouses of the heads of the surveyed households nor other members of the surveyed households reported having wage paying jobs. Incomes per farm household also differ markedly between districts with Kishapu getting the highest from amongst the districts in the wayleave (Table 5-2).

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Table 5-2: Average Annual Household Income by District

Indicative Average Annual Income per House- Districts hold (TSh)

Iringa Urban 930,444 Iringa Rural 1,115,340 Mpwapwa 879,090 Chamwino 942,174 Dodoma Urban 768,863 Bahi 704,188 Manyoni 569,056 Singida Rural 1,035,000 Singida Urban 1,444,400 Iramba 978,032 Igunga 1,198,372 Kishapu 1,144,861 Shinyanga Urban 1,176,721 Average 947,429 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008

Most of the villagers are small-scale producers. For example, about 70% of them reported producing less than 10 bags of maize during the previous season. Only 8% reported they produced about 20 bags of maize during the previous season.

Besides farming, most of the households along the wayleave keep livestock. The most common livestock in the project area are cattle, goats, sheep, and chickens. Almost 50% of the surveyed households reported not having any cattle, 20% reported owning less than five, and the remaining 30% reported having more than 5. However, about 40% of the surveyed households reported not having chickens, whereas about 25% reported owning more than 10. More than 30% of the surveyed households reported having sold some livestock in the previous year.

Figure 5-5 (Table 5-2) illustrates the average annual income of those households who have given statements on their income. Households in Singida Municipality appeared to have the highest incomes followed by Igunga District, Shinyanga and Kishapu Districts.

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Figure 5-5: Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements

Average Annual Income of Households with Income Statements (TSh)

1.800.000

1.500.000

1.200.000

900.000

600.000

300.000

Average Annual Income Average (TSh) 0

District Household Clusters

Source: Field Survey, 2008.

5.7.11 Willingness to Relocate

As expected, a large majority (72%) of the surveyed households declared a preference for being relocated to a site close to their current homesteads. The remaining 28% of the surveyed households indicated that they were willing to resettle even outside their villages provided they were paid fair compensations in time to allow them to establish new homes elsewhere.

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6. Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework

The proposed construction of the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa-Dodoma-Singida- Shinyanga may induce changes in other sectors and the livelihoods of the people along the RoW in the villages and the districts that the power line will pass through. Constructing the facilities for the proposed development will support several national policies and laws that promote economic development, community participation, mining development, energy development, transportation and improvement of social services. The implementation of the project complies with a number of national policies, laws, regulations, guidelines and standards. Several of the laws and policies that the proposed development comply with have are discussed in this Chapter of the Resettlement Policy- Framework.

6.1 National Policies

6.1.1 National Environment Policy (NEP) (1997)

The National Environment Policy (NEP) (URT, 1997) is the main policy framework governing environmental management in Tanzania. The NEP underscores national, natural and social issues arising from environmental issues, and promotes key principles of sustainable development. The NEP has also proposed the framework environmental legislation for coordinating, managing and regulating the various environmental activities in different sectors. In addition, the NEP defines strategic plans for environmental management at various levels and provides an approach for mainstreaming environmental issues for decision-making.

The policy identifies six key environmental management and protection challenges Tanzania is facing:

• Land degradation; • Lack of access to good quality water; • Environmental pollution; • Loss of wildlife habitat and biodiversity; • Deterioration and aquatic ecosystems; and • Deforestation.

Some of the identified environmental challenges are relevant and critical because the proposed development may contribute to them directly or cumulatively. The NEP promotes environmental assessment, use of economic instruments, regulatory tools and precautionary principles on managing the environmental problems. The ESIA which this RPF complements is responding to the NEP requirements to ensure environmental concerns are mainstreamed in decision-making process at the earliest possible time and mitigation measures are provided.

6.1.2 National Forest Policy, 1998

The overall goal of the National Forest Policy (URT, 1998) is to enhance the contribution of the forest sector to sustainable development of Tanzania and the conservation and management of her natural resources. The main objectives of the Forest Policy includes "sustainable supply of forest products and services by maintaining sufficient forest area under effective management; increased employment and foreign exchange earnings, ecosystem sustainability through forest conservation and enhanced national capacity to manage forest sector" (URT, 1998:14).

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The National Forest Policy recognizes that investment in forest areas may cause adverse environmental impacts. The policy recommends environmental impact assessment as mandatory requirement in order to ensure damage to the environment is avoided and possible mitigation measures are provided.

Forests and thickets characterize the vegetation of various villages and districts along the wayleave of the proposed power transmission line. The proposed transmission line will traverse the Nyang'oro Forest Reserve, the Sekenke-Tulya Forest Reserve, and Choda Forest Reserve. These forest reserves consist of plant species that the IUCN lists as threatened species. Similarly, these forest reserves are home to a variety of large and small mammals, reptiles, amphibians and other wildlife resources. The construction of the power line through these forests will have little to moderate impacts and some of the threatened species will be affected.

Harvesting of forest products is an important economic activity for some residents along the wayleave. Products such as fuel wood, charcoal, building poles, timber, honey and beeswax are obtained from the forest and woodlands along the way leave. Already some of the areas are cleared because of fuel wood collection, charcoal production and cutting of building materials, as well as clearing for the wayleave of the existing 220 kV power line. The ESIA that this RPF complements addresses the implication of the power transmission line, especially on biodiversity and loss of forest resulting from clearing the wayleave for construction of the proposed 400 kV power line.

6.1.3 The Mineral Policy of Tanzania, 1997

The Mineral Policy of Tanzania (URT, 1997) provides policy guidance in the development of the mining sector in Tanzania by outlining the main objectives of the policy and the strategies of implementing the objectives. The Policy recognizes that Tanzania has a rich and diverse mineral resources base with high economic potential. However, the country has yet to realize a benefiting contribution from the vast mineral endowment" (URT 1997:1), the Policy enumerates the following challenges that it seeks to address:

• To raise significantly the contribution of the mineral sector in the national economy and increase Gross Domestic Product (GDP); • To increase the country's foreign exchange earnings; • To increase government revenues; • To create gainful and secure employment in the mineral sector and provide alternative source of income to the rural population; and • To ensure environmental protection and management (URT, 1997: 2008). • Several objectives are stated in the Policy.

The proposed transmission line may have no direct implication on mining activities although it may fos- ter the mining sector by securing future power supply. However, there are proposed uranium mining activities around Bahi and Manyoni Districts which may be closer to the proposed power line alignment. Other mining activities that may be affected by this development or otherwise include the mining of construction materials which the ESIA that this RPF complements has taken into consideration.

6.1.4 National Land Policy, 1997

The main objective of the National Land Policy (URT, 1997) is to address the various and ever- changing land use needs. The Policy aims to promote and ensure a secure land tenure system, to en-

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courage the optimal use of land resources and to facilitate broad-based social and economic development without endangering the ecological balance of the environment (ibid: 5). Specific objectives are outlined in the Land Policy; however, the following are directly related to the proposed development:

• Ensure that existing rights in land especially customary rights of small holders (i.e. peasants and herdsmen who are the majority of the population in the country) are recognized, clarified, and secured in law; • Set ceilings on land ownership which will later be translated into statutory ceilings to prevent or avoid the phenomenon of land concentration (i.e. land being held by few individuals); • Ensure that land is put to its most productive use to promote rapid social and economic development of the country; • Protect land resources from degradation for sustainable development.

The proposed development may lead to the following:

• More land being taken up for the right of way by TANESCO to build the towers and the transmission line. • More people along the right of way will loose land for farming, grazing, settlement and cultural functions (e.g. burials or sacrificial functions).

Consequently, there will be competition for prime land as more people are relocated from their existing lands to give way for the development. This will compound land tenure and land use matters in the villages along the right of way and increase cost of land in the same areas. RPF addresses the implication of the changes on the land use and tenure with respect to the proposed development. Issues such as resettlement and displacement of the local communities, impact on their livelihoods and future land uses have been addressed within the context of the proposed power transmission line project.

6.1.5 Water Policy, 2002

The main objective of the National Water Policy of 2002 is to develop a comprehensive framework for sustainable development and management of the Nation's water resources and putting in place an effective legal and institutional framework for its implementation (URT, 2002). The policy aims at ensuring that beneficiaries participate fully in all stages of water resource developments.

The Policy recognizes the fundamental but intricate linkages between water and socio-economic development, including environmental requirements. The Policy expounds on the importance of water for domestic use, agriculture, livestock keeping, mining, energy, fisheries, environment, human health, wildlife and tourism, forestry, navigation and trans-boundary requirements.

In view of this, the Policy calls for an Integrated Water Resource Management in Tanzania so that "there is equitable and sustainable use and management of water resources for socio-economic development, and for maintenance of the environment" (URT, 2002). Several policy measures proposed to ensure sustainable utilization of the water resources. Some of these measures include economic and legal instruments. The proposed development will require a lot of water for lodges, industrial and domestic use.

Water supply is a critical problem in villages along the right of way and some of the wells, boreholes, dams and water tanks are located within or too close to proposed power line alignment. A full RAP also addresses water supply and availability issues and proposes changes where water sources or

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distribution points are in danger of being negatively affected by the proposed development.

6.1.6 National Energy Policy, 2003

The National Energy Policy of Tanzania (URT, 2003) takes into account the structural changes in the economy and political system at national and international levels. The economic liberalization has had major implications on energy development and consumption. Increased private investment in mining, tourism, manufacturing, finance and communication has increased demand for reliable and cost effective energy. Human population and urbanization have also increased pressure on energy.

The main objective of the Energy Policy is to improve the welfare and living standards of Tanzanians. The Policy aims to provide input in the development process of the country by establishing a reliable and efficient energy production, procurement, transportation, distribution and end-use system in an environmentally sound manner and with due regard to gender issues.

The strategic focus of the Policy in meeting the main objective is to undertake the following activities:

• Develop domestic energy resources, which are least cost options. • Promote economic energy pricing. • Improve energy reliability and securing and enhance energy efficiency • Encourage commercialization and private sector participation • Reduce forest depletion • Develop human capacity.

Even with the Energy Policy in place since 2003, Tanzania is still facing major problems regarding energy. Only about 10% of the 35 million people in Tanzania are connected to the national grid, and in rural areas, this is about 1% of the population. Over 90% of the energy consumed is from fuel wood and charcoal, thus putting more pressure on forest resources. Power cuts in urban areas are also so frequent even when there has been sufficient rain to fill the dams. Power transmission lines and inadequate capacities are associated with these problems. The proposed construction of the power transmission line is intended to add 400 kV on the National Grid to alleviate the problem of inadequate powers supply.

6.1.7 Wildlife Policy of Tanzania, 2007

The Wildlife Policy of Tanzania promotes the conservation of wildlife as natural resources of great biological, economical, environmental cleaning, climate ameliorating, water and soil conservation, and nutritional values (URT, 2007). The long-term goal of the policy is to maintain great biological diversity, which contributes to healthy environment an increased contribution to the national economy. The policy recognizes the implication of human and development activities on wildlife resources inside and outside protected areas, and calls for environmental assessments for proposed development in order to minimize negative impacts.

The proposed construction of the power transmission line passes through the forest and habitats that may be home to different species (small or large). In Singida, the proposed line is passing through areas that have wildlife; large or small wildlife species that may be affected by changes of their habitat. The ESIA that this RPF complements notes the implication of clearing the vegetation for power transmission line construction and proposed mitigation options.

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6.1.8 National Human Settlements Development Policy, 2000

The overall objective of the National Human Settlements Development Policy (NHSDP) is to promote the development of sustainable human settlement and to facilitate the provision of adequate and af- fordable shelter to all people, including the poor. The policy outlines a number of objectives including environmental protection within human settlements and protection of natural ecosystems against pollution, degradation and destruction.

The NHSDP recognizes planning and management of human settlement areas as one of the broad human settlement issues. Within this regard, the NHSDP identifies environmental protection as one of the strategic issues in human settlement planning and development. NHSDP also addresses the following issues:

• lack of solid and liquid waste management, leading to environmental deterioration; • Emission of noxious gases from vehicles and industrial activities as a major cause of air pollution in urban areas; • Encroachment into fragile and hazardous lands (river valleys, steep slopes and marshlands) leading to land degradation, pollution of water sources, etc; • increasing dependence on firewood and charcoal as a main source of energy in human settlements leading to depletion of forest, environmental deterioration and air pollution; and • Unauthorized sand mining in river valleys leading to environmental degradation.

A full RAP notes the implication of resettling of people in the Project areas for line construction and the proposed mitigation options.

6.1.9 The Tanzania Development Vision, 2000

Composite Development Goal for the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (URT, 2000) foresees the alleviation of poverty through improved socio-economic opportunities, good governance, transparency and improved public sector performance. These objectives, not only deal with economic issues, but also include social challenges such as education, health, the environment and increasing involvement of the people in working for their own development. The thrust of these objectives is to attain a sustainable development of the people.

The Vision 2025 seeks to mobilize the people, the private sector and public resources towards achiev- ing shared goals and achieve sustainable semi-industrialized middle market economy by year 2025. The construction of the of 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa to Shinyanga is aimed at increasing power supply to enable development to take place. Power is needed for industrial development and improvement of livelihoods.

6.1.10 The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP)

The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) or Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kuondoa Umasikini Tanzania (MKUKUTA) is focusing on promoting economic growth and reducing poverty in Tanzania. The NSGRP is a five years programme from 2005/06 to 2009/10, which addresses the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 for high and shared growth, high quality livelihoods, peace, stability and unity, good governance, high quality education and international competitiveness. In addition, NSGRP is contributing to implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs).

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The main objective of the NSGRP is to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty, improve quality of life and social well-being and improve good governance and accountability. The strategy recognizes the close linkages between economic growth, good governance, and improved quality of life and social well-being, and poverty reduction. The strategy has three main clusters that include:

(i) Growth and Reduction of Income Poverty (ii) Improvement of Quality of Life and Social Well-being and (iii) Governance and Accountability.

Among the various factors that have been identified to stimulate growth is the improvement of energy generation in order to stimulate economic growth.

6.1.11 The Agriculture and Livestock Policy, 1997

The Agriculture and Livestock Policy of 1997 addresses changes that affect the agricultural sector in Tanzania and specifically address restrictions to agricultural practices stemming from the national land use Policy of 1995. The Agriculture and Livestock policy, 1997 also addresses the needs of women in agriculture and the needs for agricultural practices to evolve to ensure protection of the environment.

The Policy promotes good husbandry and increased agriculture production. Some of the areas in the proposed right of way are utilized for crop production and changes in land use may reduce crop production and possibly impact on food security. A full RAP addresses the issue of land use changes and its implication on agriculture, especially where TANESCO will acquire land that is also used in agricultural production.

In principle, the land TANESCO puts under the wayleave for power transmission becomes wholly owned and managed by TANESCO exclusively for energy uses. No farming, settlement or any other use is permitted on such land. However, in practice cultivation of seasonal crops below the power line is common and TANESCO has not taken a firm stand against such practices. Therefore, the net effect of power lines in agricultural production can be assumed to be minimal if farming will be left to continue under the lines.

6.2 The World Bank Safeguard Policies

Several international financial institutions are taking proactive measures to ensure that the credit they give to countries or private sectors is not negatively impacting the environment. Beside the Bank's OP 4.01, the proposed project may trigger OP 4.12 on Resettlement Policy. The main focus of this operational guideline is to seek to avoid project affected people experiencing negative effects associated with the project such as loss of security, loss of land or assets on land, or being put into a detrimental life situation due to a Bank supported development project. Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank's policy on involuntary resettlement are the following:

• Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs; • Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons relocated by the project to share in project benefits. Relocated persons should be

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meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs; • Relocated persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

As far as the proposed 400 kV transmission line is concerned, some 850 houses and social infrastructures will still be affected after realignment and consideration of several rerouting alternatives. How- ever, no major resettlement issues are envisaged because sufficient alternative land can be obtained within the respective villages to allow PAP and institutions to rebuild the facilities or obtain land for farming and continue with their livelihood activities.

6.3 Legal Framework

This section addresses the legal and regulatory framework, which is relevant to the proposed development of the 400 kV power transmission line from Iringa-Dodoma-Singida-Shinyanga. The legal and regulatory framework provides the various legal aspects that must be adhered to as the project is being designed, implemented and later when it is decommissioned.

6.3.1 Environmental Management Act No. 20 of 2004 -Cap 191

Environmental Management Act (EMA) Cap.191 (URT, 2004) provides a range of measures for sustainable management of the environment, prevention and control of pollution, waste management, and directs mechanisms for compliance.

Section 7 (2) states that "the Act provides a legal framework necessary for coordinating harmonious and conflicting activities with a view to integrating such activities into an overall sustainable environmental management system by providing key technical support to sector Ministries"

The Act is a cross-sectoral law that takes precedence above all other laws, except the Constitution, with respect to environmental management (Section 232). The Act emphasizes the need for Tanzani- ans to leave in a clean, safe and health environment and to access various areas for recreational, educational, health, spiritual, cultural and economic purposes (Article 4 (1) and (2)). Hence it directs developers to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at their own cost prior to com- mencement of any major project. The types of projects requiring EIA are listed in the Third Schedule of the Act. EMA prohibits any major development to be initiated without an EIA Certificate from the Minister responsible for Environment.

The responsibilities to ensure the requirement of the Act with regard to EIA are vested with the Na- tional Environment Management Council (NEMC). An EIA report is submitted to NEMC who will re- views it and provides recommendations to the Minister responsible for Environment in the Vice Presi- dent's Office to issue a Certificate. A report is not submitted to the Minister for approval if it does not qualify. The NEMC is also required to make a site visit during the review process for inspection and verification of the project at the proponent's cost.

6.3.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations, 2005

The Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations No.349 of 2005 were made pursuant to

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Section 82 (1) and 230 (h) and (q) of the Environmental Management Act Cap 191 of 2004. In addition, the regulations provide the procedures and requirements for undertaking Environmental Impact Assessments and Environmental Audits for various types of development projects with significant environmental impacts. The Regulations provide a list of projects that qualify for Environmental Assess- ment and Audit procedures in Tanzania. Regulation 46(1) classifies projects into two types:

(i) Type A -Projects requiring a mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment; and. (ii) Type B -Projects requiring a Preliminary Environmental Assessment.

The proposed development of a 400 kV power transmission line falls under category A projects that require mandatory EIA. The steps that must be taken to conduct an EIA are provided in the Fourth Schedule whilst Regulation 16 directs that the EIA study in addition to environmental impacts, also must address social, cultural and economic impacts. Regulation 17 stipulates the need for public participation during the EIA process and Part V, Regulations 18 (1), (2) and (3) directs the content and format of the Environmental Impact Statement. The ESIA which this RPF complements responds to the legal requirements of these Regulations.

6.3.3 Forest Act, 2002

The Forest Act (No. 14), 2002, provides for the management of forests in order to enhance the contribution of the forest sector to the development of Tanzania and the conservation and management of natural resources. In addition, the legislation fosters ecosystem stability through conservation of the forest biodiversity, water catchments and soil fertility.

Section 18, of the Act is relevant to the proposed development as it requires developers to prepare and submit to Director of Forestry, an EIA report. The law states that any proposed development in a forest reserve, private forest or sensitive forest area including watersheds, whether that development is proposed by, or is to be implemented by a person or organization in the public or private sector, the proponent of the development shall prepare and submit to the Director an EIA of the proposed development.

Section 49 of the Act outlines various permits that are required when certain activities are undertaken. These activities include:

• For activities carried out in national and local authority forest reserves • Felling or extraction of timber (for domestic use; export; mining purposes, or for prospecting and for exploitation of mineral resources) • Gathering and picking parts or extracts of any protected plant for the purposes of research or the production manufacture of any medicine or product. • Erection of buildings or other structures. • Construction of roads, bridges, paths, waterways or runways; • Sow, plant or cultivate trees, crops or other vegetative matter; • Enter to hunt or fish.

Relevant provisions of this Act have been addressed during the ESIA for the proposed construction of power transmission line. TANESCO must obtain the relevant permits from the Director of Forest and Beekeeping Department before undertaking any activities in the Forest Reserves found along the wayleave.

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6.3.4 Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974

The Wildlife Conservation Act No. 12 of 1974 (URT, 1974) provides for the protection, conservation, development, regulation, control of fauna and fauna-products and for matters incidental thereto, and connected therewith. The Act restricts entry into a protected area without proper permission, restricts carrying of fire arms; bow and arrow; prohibits wilfully or negligently cause of bush fire, felling of trees, hunting, digging, laying, or constructing any pitfall, net, trap, snare or other device whatsoever, capable of killing, capturing or wounding any animal.

The stretch along the right of way from Iringa -Dodoma -Singida -Shinyanga does not have wildlife- protected areas or any concentration of wildlife in a single area. However, various animals including lions, small mammals and birds have been observed along the right of way and some of these are resident or they frequent particular areas. The proposed development of a power transmission line will result in clearing some of the land with subsequent loss of the habitat for the animals and may cause changes in the composition of wildlife in those areas. The ESIA that this RPF document complements provides recommendations in areas where wildlife resources are likely to be negatively affected.

6.3.5 The Land Act, 1999

The Land Act of 1999 (Act No. 4 of 1999) provides for the basic law in relation to land other than the village or reserved lands, the management of land, settlement of disputes and related matters. Since some of the areas where the right of way may pass fall under public lands, this Act is relevant to the proposed development. The Act lays down fundamental principles for occupying and using the land. Among them, is the principle that any land user shall ensure that land is used productively and that any such use complies with the principles of sustainable development.

Tanzanian land falls under three categories, namely:

• Reserved Land is land set aside for wildlife, forests, marine parks, etc., and the ways these areas are managed is explained in the laws that protect each sector (e.g. Wildlife Conservation Act, Na- tional Parks Ordinance, Marine Parks and Reserves Act, etc.). Specific legal regimes govern these lands under the laws used to establish them. • Village Land includes all land inside the boundaries of registered villages, where the Village Coun- cils and Village Assemblies are given power to manage. The Village Land Act gives the details of how this is to be done. The Village Land Act is governing this land. • General Land is land, which is neither reserved land nor village land and is therefore managed by the Commissioner. The Land Act is governing this land.

The Land Act confirms National Land Policy directive that all land in Tanzania is public land vested in the President as trustee on behalf of all citizens. The Land Act seeks to achieve the following objectives:

• to ensure that existing rights in and recognized longstanding occupation or use of land are clarified and secured by the law; • to facilitate an equitable distribution of and access to land by all citizens; • to regulate the amount of land that any one person or corporate body may occupy or use; and • to ensure that land is used productively and that any such use complies with the principles of sustainable development.

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Of importance for a full RAP is the application of the concept that land has value and that value is taken into consideration in any land affecting transaction. The Land Act demands that any person or institution whose right of occupancy or recognized long-standing occupation or customary use of land is revoked or otherwise interfered with to their detriment by the state under this Act or is acquired under the Land Acquisition Act; should be paid full, fair and prompt compensation. In assessing compensation for land acquired in the manner provided for in this Act, compensation shall be based on the:

• Market value of the real property; • Disturbance allowance; • Transport allowance; • Loss of profits or accommodation; • Loss of capital expenditure incurred with respect to the development of the subject land; • Interest at market rate; and • Provision of an efficient, effective, economical and transparent system of land administration.

In addition, and in relation to the proposed power transmission line, the Land Act (Section 151) states that the Minister "may create rights of way which shall be known as public “rights of way" (ROW) to serve for the purpose of the proposed development. In addition, it defines that a "way leave" may be any public right of way created for the benefit of the Government, a local authority, a public authority, or any corporate body to enable all such organizations, authorities and bodies to carry out their functions within the designated area.

Regarding the application for a wayleave as the proposed power transmission line, the Land Act establishes that:

• except where the Commissioner is proposing of his own motion to create a way leave, an application from any ministry or department of Government, or local authority or public authority or corporate body shall be made to the Commissioner; • an application shall be made on the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by any information which may be prescribed or which the Commissioner may in writing require the applicant to supply and the Commissioner shall not begin the process of creating a way leave until all information which may be prescribed or required is submitted to him; • the applicant shall serve a notice on: - All persons occupying land under a right of occupancy over which the proposed way leave is to be created, including persons occupying land in accordance with customary pastoral rights; - All local government authorities in whose area of jurisdiction the proposed way leave to be created is located; - All persons in actual occupation of land in an urban and peri-urban area over which the proposed way leave is to be created; - Any other interested person. • The Commissioner shall give publicity to the application along the route of the proposed way leave clearly and in a comprehensible manner, and inform all persons using the land over which the proposed wayleave is like to be created.

Section 156 of the Act requires compensation to be paid by non-governmental corporate bodies, institutions or groups of persons to any person for the use of land of which he/she is in lawful or actual occupation. These include:

• any damage suffered in respect of trees, crops, and buildings as result of the creation of a way leave; • damage due to surveying or determining the route of that way leave and

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• acquisition of land for the purpose of a way leave.

The body or organization that applies for the wayleave must pay compensation to affected persons according to national and international standards. The proposed development will entail compensation, which may call for Tanzania and World Bank guidelines to be applied. The demands by this Act are also acknowledged by the Land Use Planning Act 2007 and The Urban Planning Act 2007. They have now been elaborated in Resettlement Policy Framework 2009. This RPF addresses at length the requirements of this Act and that of the next six legislations.

6.3.6 Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999

The Village Land Act No. 5 of 1999 (URT, 1999) governs village land and all matters related to land tenure under the Village Councils. Most of the land that will be involved in the power transmission line may be on village land, except for new areas where the way leave may be in forest reserves or social infrastructures belonging to specific institutions. Section 8 (1), (2) and (3) of the Village Land Act em- powers the Village Council to manage all village lands in accordance with the principles of a trustee with the villagers being the beneficiaries. In exercising these functions, the Village Council is required to have regard to the following principles:

• sustainable development and the relationship between land use, other natural resources and the environment in and contiguous to the village and village land; • the need to consult with and take account of or comply with the decisions or orders of any public officer or public authority with jurisdiction over any matter in the area where the village is; and • the need to consult with and take account of the views of other local authorities with jurisdiction over the village.

Although the Village Land Act recognizes the role of the Village Councils in management of village land, most of the land in the villages is under individuals through the customary land rights. The right of the individuals to the land must be recognized and respected and development should not take more than the land it needs for that particular development.

6.3.7 The Land Regulation, 2001

Among several aspects, the Land Regulations provides guidance on the issue of compensation, which is relevant in the proposed development. According to Section 10 (1) of the Land (Compensation Claims) Regulation 2001, compensation shall take the form of:

• Monetary compensation; • Plot of land of comparable quality, extent and productive potential to the land lost; • A building or buildings of comparable quality, extent and use comparable to the building or buildings lost; • Plants and seedlings; • Regular supplies of grain and other basic foodstuffs for a specified time.

The Regulation (Assessment of Value for Compensation) states "...the basis for assessment of the value of any land shall be the market value of such land". The market value is arrived at by the use of the comparative method substantiated by actual recent sales of similar properties, or by use of income approach or replacement cost method, in case the property is of special nature and not saleable. The assessment of the value of land and any improvements will be done by a Qualified Valuer and verified

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by the Chief Valuer of the Government or his/her representative.

In addition, the Regulation defines affected persons that are eligible for compensation/resettlement if some of their properties are affected by a proposed development:

• Holder of right of occupancy; • Holder of customary right of occupancy whose land has been declared a hazard land; • Holder of customary and who is moved or relocated because his/her land becomes granted to other person; • Holder of land obtained as a consequence of disposition by a holder of granted or customary right of occupancy but which is refused a right of occupancy; • Urban or peri-urban land acquired by the President.

If the person does not agree with the amount or method of payment or is dissatisfied with the time taken to pay compensation, he/she may apply to the High Court for redress. If proved justifiable, the High Court shall determine the amount and method of payment, determine any additional costs for in- conveniences incurred, and order the plaintiff to be paid accordingly.

6.3.8 The Land Disputes Courts Act No. 2 of 2002

Every dispute or complaint concerning land shall be instituted in the Court having jurisdiction to determine land dispute in the given area (Section 3). The Courts of jurisdiction include:

(i) The Village Land Council (ii) The Ward Tribunal (iii) District Land and Housing Tribunal (iv) The High Court (Land Division) (v) The Court of Appeal of Tanzania.

The Act gives the Village Land Councils powers to resolve land disputes involving village lands (Sec- tion 7). If the Council fails to resolve the dispute, the matter can be referred to the Ward Tribunal as established by the Land Act (1999) and the Village Land Act. If any dispute will arise because of this project, the provision of this Act shall be observed.

6.3.9 The Local Government Act No. 9 of 1982

The Local Government Act of 1982 is an important legal framework for Village Councils and local government set up. The Act establishes and regulates District Councils, township authorities and village authorities. An important provision is the sub division of districts into divisions and wards and the establishment of Ward Development Committees along with procedures for implementation of schemes and programmes at the ward level. Councillors represent the wards and form the main component of the district representative team. Ward authorities and Ward Development Committees are empowered to participate in matters related to compensation, taking land from villagers and their decision is often considered with the seriousness it deserves.

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6.3.10 Land Use and Spatial Planning

Important pieces of legislation, which address land use planning, and management are contained in the following laws:

• The Town and Country Planning Ordinance of 1961, which regulates the use of land in urban areas, beaches and lakeshores. It was established to facilitate land use planning schemes. Accord- ing to the Ordinance, development is not allowed without obtaining a planning consent. it also provides a specific land-use class for ecologically sensitive areas; • The National Land Use Planning Commission as per the Land Use Planning Act 2007 is the institution entrusted to coordinate Land Use Planning in Mainland Tanzania. It covers preparation of regional physical land use plans and formulation of land use policies for implementation by the Gov- ernment. It specifies standards, norms and criteria for the protection of beneficial uses and maintenance of the quality of land. The Act does not cover urban centres, beaches and lake shores.

These provisions are relevant to the proposed development especially in urban areas of Iringa, Do- doma, Singida and Shinyanga where power lines and substations will be built. In Bahi, the District Council has prepared an initial Town Master Plan for District Headquarters and some key infrastructures have already started to be built. TANESCO must take into account District Plans to provide for new administrative locations and integrate this aspect in the planning for the power line to avoid damage and conflict to the proposed town planning. Concerning the latest line routing proposal those infrastructures will not be affected.

However, in some urban areas, physical structures such as schools, play grounds, hospitals/health facilities and offices might be affected by the proposed development. TANESCO, this project's ESIA and RPF documents have taken into account these issues and provided mitigation options (i.e. alternatives) to address such problems.

6.3.11 The Land Acquisition Act of 1967

The Land Acquisition Act (Act No. 47 of 1967) repealed and replaced the Land Acquisition Ordinance, to provide for compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes and in connection with housing schemes. The Act is also relevant in cases that are not related to housing schemes. Part II of the Act refers to issues related to compensation and procedures that have to be followed when land is acquired.

These procedures are also outlined in the Regulation for the Land Act discussed above and include issues of fair and prompt compensation to affected persons. The proposed development will acquire land from the villagers for the purpose of development.

6.4 International Agreements and Conventions

TANESCO must comply with the international conventions and agreements that Tanzania has signed or ratified and ensure the conservation of the environment as per the agreements of conventions. The ESIA of this Project lists four such conventions and agreements that Tanzania has ratified. While most of the issues will be limited to the right of way, clearing of vegetation and construction of towers and power lines may have implications on the movement of animals and birds and may change the habitat for those species. TANESCO must ensure the loss of habitat is minimized and confined within the core impact areas only.

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6.5 Institutional Framework

• National Environment Advisory Committee; • Minister Responsible for Environment; • Director of Environment (DOE); • National Environmental Management Council (NEMC); • Sector Ministries; • Regional Secretariats; and • Local Government Authorities [City, Municipality, District and Town Councils; Township; Hamlet (Kitongoji); Ward; Street (Mtaa); and Village].

The Vice President's Office (VPO) is the main regulatory organ and responsible for coordinating environmental management in Tanzania. Within the VPO, is the Division of Environment and National En- vironmental Management Council which are responsible for policy development and enforcement.

Similarly, other sector ministries and agencies are equally involved in implementing environmental policy objectives. The Environmental Management Act, Cap. 191 outlines environmental management processes in Tanzania.

The proposed development will touch several institutions and organizations. This RPF has integrated many of their views and concerns in the report. Beside the Office of the Vice President (DOE and NEMC), other sectors that are involved include Ministry of Energy and Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Ministry for Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development, and Min- istry of Water and Irrigation. Others are the Prime Minister's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, particularly the regional and district administrations along the right of way from Iringa to Shinyanga via Dodoma and Singida.

In addition, the Ministry of Infrastructure Development, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Train- ing and the Ministry of Health are the institutions that will be affected by the proposed development and have been involved. The various legal aspects relevant to this RPF are provided above to indicate the institutional boundaries within which the project will be confined.

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7. Resettlement and Social Mitigation Measures

7.1 Eligibility

Property owners in Tanzania are eligible for compensation and resettlement measures. As discussed in the foregoing chapter, eligibility for compensation is defined in the provisions of the Land Acts and the Land Acquisition Act. According to these legislations, all owners of properties located within the proposed wayleave of 90 respectively 130 m at the time of inspection and valuation will be eligible for compensation.

Inspection and valuation of each property along the finally selected route will, however, be conducted during the detailed design of the transmission line. In the valuation for compensation processes land forms used are Land Form No. 69 and 70 and Valuation Form No. 1 for property recording.

Notices to claim compensation will be served to all owners of affected properties along the wayleave using Land Form No.69. A "cut-off" date for eligibility for compensation and resettlement measures will be determined by the date on which these notifications are served. The owners or occupiers of the properties are expected to complete and submit Land Form No.70 and to agree upon a date for official valuation of their properties.

7.2 Categories of Project Affected People

There are mainly four categories of affected people that have been identified. These include:

• owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave; • owners of plots with non-residential buildings in the wayleave; • owners of plots without buildings in the wayleave; • institutions with land and/or buildings in the wayleave.

Owners of plots with houses and other buildings in the wayleave will be affected by:

• loss of land and houses in which they are living, • loss of other buildings and structures, • loss of productive crop land, • loss of standing crops.

This category of affected people will also be physically relocated and are required to relocate, will suffer from loss of food supply, income sources and livelihood.

Some land and/or buildings and other infrastructures in the wayleave belong to private or public institutions such as schools, dispensaries and mosques. This category of affected or relocated people will be affected by:

• loss of land on which they are located, • loss of buildings and structures, • loss of cultural heritage and practice, • loss of health and education facilities.

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Three additional categories of affected people can further be identified. They may or may not belong to a household already included in any of the above mentioned categories or can be affected individu- ally. These are people or families suffering inadvertent and temporary damage to their land and property during construction due to unforeseen actions or simply by accidents such as damage to nearby crops, fruit trees or infrastructures. Or these can be relatives with an interest in graves adversely affected by the Project and that may need to be exhumed and reburied at alternative locations. In these cases, rituals and ceremonies will often need to be conducted and proper compensation for them should be considered as provided for by the law.

Finally, there is the case of vulnerable people, such as widows, single mothers, child-headed households, handicapped people, HIV/AIDS victims, and the elderly who when relocated often require special assistance to cope with the relocations. This category of relocated people is explicitly identified in the WB OP 4.12, and therefore, requires special or supplementary measures to be taken to attend to their particular needs.

7.3 Resettlement and Compensation Entitlements

7.3.1 Determination of Entitlements

The basic principle governing compensation is that none of the PAP should be made worse off by the project displacements. As discussed above, the possibility of compulsory acquisition of land is well covered in Tanzanian legislation, and includes the right for those who own or occupy land that is being acquired to receive fair compensation from those who occupy land for declared objectives.

During the detailed design phase, a registered valuation team (preferably a Government Valuer) will conduct inspection of all the affected properties along the finally selected transmission line route. Dur- ing this site inspection, the valuation team will check the claims from each affected households presented in their completed and submitted Land form No. 70. Compensation details for each identified property will be provided in individual compensation schedules which will be signed by Ward Execu- tive Officers, District Commissioners and Regional Commissioners of relevant areas. The Chief Gov- ernment Valuer will approve the valuation report before being submitted to the Commissioner for Lands in Dar es Salaam for wayleave application.

7.3.2 Compensation for the Loss of Residential and Productive Land

Relocated people will receive compensation for the loss of land. Due to the linear nature of the displacement most of the relocated households will be able to relocate in close proximity of their original land holdings. As observed elsewhere, land is readily available along most of the transmission line route and relocation of affected houses should be possible close to their original sites.

At this stage of the project cycle, there is no evidence of cases where full physical displacement of households will be required, i.e. cases where land is unavailable in close proximity of current location. This fact needs to be confirmed during detailed design phase and only after the finally selected route is surveyed and marked on the ground by the survey team.

It is important to note, however, that much of the land through which the proposed transmission line corridor runs is un-surveyed and/or un-titled land. Most of this land is held under customary land tenure; through paternal links and/or village government allocations. In a few cases women have use rights to some of the land, owning crops and sometimes even buildings.

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As discussed above, relocated people are entitled to a "disturbance allowance" to alleviate social problems or physical hardship experienced regardless to whether or not they have to relocate to a new area or whether they remain on the unaffected portion of their land. The legislation states that the disturbance allowance can be calculated by multiplying the assessed value of the affected land by the average interest rate offered by commercial banks on twelve months fixed deposits.

7.3.3 Compensation for the Loss of Houses and Other Structures

Households whose houses and other structures are located within the wayleave are entitled to compensation. From the preliminary consultative meetings conducted along the route, most of the affected households favour to be compensated in cash. For most of them the compensation awarded will enable them to construct similar houses and structures on the unaffected part of their plots. It may also be possible for some of them to construct new houses and buildings on replacement plots that they may acquire themselves.

According to the Tanzanian legislation, market values should be applied when valuing the houses and structures affected by the creation of the wayleave. However, alternative valuation methods are often required, especially in rural areas where there is no active market for houses or buildings. In the absence of an active and competitive housing market, the use of "replacement cost methods" will be used.

As mentioned above, households losing their residential premises are entitled to an "Accommodation allowance" to cover the cost of renting another premise for up to 36 months, while they are purchasing or building their new house. It may also be the case that the rental market is not active or almost non existent in rural areas. Hence the estimation of the monthly renting rate may also need to be done using alternative methods.

In addition to the compensation and allowances mentioned above, the project may wish to consider providing help in organizing and supervising the construction of replacement houses and buildings to relocated persons such as vulnerable people requesting for assistance.

It is also important to note here that inheritance of property rights is a conspicuous feature in many places in Tanzania. Unfortunately, more often than not, heirs to a deceased's property are not always in agreement on communal rights. In cases of compensations like in the present Project, heirs tend to opt for individual ownership rights. There are cases where sons of deceased property owners may want larger shares than those provided for their sisters by the wishes of the deceased.

There will also be disputes relating to attempts to dispose a property by one of the heirs against the wishes of others. Under such circumstances the name of the deceased property owner should appear in the valuation report and the heirs be advised to follow the legal inheritance procedures while claim- ing the compensation rights.

7.3.4 Compensation for the Loss of Standing Crops

Households with standing crops and trees in their farms and plots within the wayleave are also entitled to compensation. Compensation is granted to those having annual and perennial crops, including fruit trees.

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To assess the value of standing crops a market value approach is proposed in the legislation, in particular under Section 179 of the Land (Assessment of the Value of Land for Compensation) Regula- tions, 2001. A list of indicative average prices and estimated values of standing crops at current rates in the different districts along the transmission line route are available in the Government Valuers offices. These rates should be updated at the time the actual valuation of assets takes place.

In the rural areas of Tanzania, it is possible for an individual to own the land and lease it to other farmers. Hence, individuals may own crops only on a piece of land owned by others. This means that the owner of the crops has as much compensation rights for their crops as the landowner has for the land.

7.3.5 Removal of Graves and Cultural Properties

During the field survey conducted for the ESIA it was possible to identify households that have graves of relatives within or close to the wayleave. In the project area, the typical cost of grave removal for relocation is on average estimated to be around TSh 100,000. The village councils are responsible for allocating replacement burial plots.

It was also possible to identify few areas where local communities conduct traditional ceremonies in areas likely to be within the wayleave. In Kisaki, in Singida Municipality, it was registered a special tree known as Mlegea designated for rituals and as a place for prayers likely to be affected by the wayleave. According to the current regulations, there should be paid some form of compensation for the loss of these sites.

7.3.6 People Affected by Unforeseen Construction Damages and Losses

Some households may suffer damage to their property by construction teams during the implementation of the project, which may lead to additional compensation not foreseen during later preparation of the RAP. This could include damage to buildings, walls, fences, hedges, gardens, trees and crops. Usually, affected parties will be able to claim compensation from the contractor.

7.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

All environmental aspects to be considered within a RAP are already covered under the ESMP, presented as part of the ESIA. In this case, without a centralized resettlement site, the environmental challenge of resettling large populations into a single location is not present. Nonetheless, single features related to environmental management among the resettled populations are considered under the EMP.

7.5 Grievance Mechanisms

TANESCO as a client has to be involved in all claims and disputes as the client is the one who will be receiving and handling them. However, being an interested party to the contracts the client should not be involved in the final ruling of disputes arising from compensation and resettlement arrangements. There is need to identify and describe at the onset the process, procedures and mechanisms for set- tling such disputes and grievances to be applied.

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Affected individuals and households should be informed about the existence of a defined process for expressing dissatisfaction and to seek redress. General information regarding the existence of such procedure should be made public during the early stages of the community consultations. A more detailed description of the established process should be presented to the PAP at the time the resettlement plans are approved and individual compensation contracts are signed.

As recommended by other RAPs elsewhere, the selected procedure should be simple, administered as far as possible at the local level, to facilitate access, flexibility and openness to various proofs, taking into account that most of the PAP are poor and illiterate. Grievances and disputes related to resettlement and/or compensation may arise for different reasons. Grievances may arise from mistakes related to the identification of the affected property and people within the wayleave, disagreements related to the ownership of property, disagreements on land and asset valuation, disagreements on other compensation allowances, and problems related to the time and manner of payment of compensations.

Disputes related to land ownership will need to be brought before the appropriate level of land courts as established by law, including those established at the village level. The Land Act (Section 156) only provides for grievances related to land acquisition and compensation issues related to the creation of a wayleave to be brought to the High Court of Tanzania. This is usually too expensive and impractical for most of the residents and businesses within the project area.

It is, therefore, recommended that claims and complaints regarding compensation and resettlement issues are brought to the attention of the village/local leadership. They will then forward grievances concerning the non-fulfilment of entitlement contracts, levels of compensation or seizure of land and assets without compensation to the corresponding Ward Executive Officer or eventually directly to the District Executive Director.

7.6 Overview of Mitigation Measures

In this section we present a review of mitigation measures aimed to avoid or minimize negative impacts. At the implementation stage, sites where towers are to be erected will be positioned and ad- justed, where possible, to avoid impacts with crops, trees and structures. Wherever possible, relocation of affected houses will be done on the same plot and in some cases only a portion of the building will be relocated in order to respect the wayleave setbacks.

It is advisable that prior to defining the exact location of the camps, storages and workshops the developer should discuss with the respective District and Ward officials in order to identify the sites with the best conditions for these purposes and avoid as much as possible negative impacts with local communities.

7.7 Route Selection

The most relevant mitigation measure for minimizing resettlement of population has been the selection of the transmission line route. The suggested transmission line route is now regarded as the best op- tion, both from an environmental and a social point of view. This line route is the result of detailed planning and field observations, conducted by the Consultant’s Team in close collaboration with experienced and well qualified counterpart personnel from TANESCO. The Team comprised transmission line route specialists and environmental and social impact assessment specialists.

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The proposed route is detailed in the ESIA, and as it is explained there, it is still not defined at the detailed design level. Therefore, when the survey team goes to the field to mark and define the final route, terrain details, as well as environmental and social aspects, will be still taken into account allow- ing for small adjustments in order to avoid technical, social or environmental conflicts or difficulties.

As it will be explained in Chapter 8, a comprehensive consultation program was launched. Close and direct dialogue with local authorities and communities living next to the transmission line wayleave, has provided the necessary inputs to prepare a RAP. It includes the necessary mitigation measures to cover the expectations of the PAP, and fulfilling the standards and criteria imposed by the local legislation and by World Bank Operational Policies.

There are of course some cases where avoiding completely the relocation of houses or buildings through the selection of the line route have not been possible. In those cases, compensation and relocation is the only mitigation measure that is left. Details about the entitlements and eligibility for compensation are covered in the foregoing sections of this Chapter.

7.8 Land Use

Similar to the case of houses and buildings within the wayleave, all land holdings within the transmission line wayleave will be entitled to some compensation as a mitigation measure in the ESMP/RPF. The details of the compensation packages will be defined after the final corridor route has been decided and marked on the ground by the corresponding survey team.

The fact that certain types of land uses may be allowed within the wayleave is also part of the mitigation measures in the ESMP/RPF. For instance, the cultivation of annual crops is usually allowed within the wayleave. Only perennials and large tree crops will be prohibited.

7.9 Restoration of Livelihoods

Employment opportunities, especially for unskilled labour will be created both during construction and operation of the transmission line. During operation of the line, labour opportunities will in particular be related to the maintenance of the wayleave. These opportunities should benefit the local communities along the transmission line route. TANESCO as responsible for maintaining the wayleave should be encouraged to use local labour for these tasks.

TANESCO and the contractor are encouraged to schedule the construction of the transmission line in such a way that they allow those households with standing crops along the transmission line corridor to harvest their crops. This measure will reduce the negative impacts of the construction on the food supplies and income opportunities of the PAPs.

7.10 Infrastructure and Services

There is no particular economic development promoting measures contemplated under this RPF. As it has been mentioned earlier, the linear nature of the transmission line project does not lend itself to the type of promotion of economic opportunities that is more typical in other types of local resettlement plans.

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It is impractical, for example, for the project proponent to design, implement and manage economic development activities in 93 villages. Nevertheless, TANESCO may wish to establish dialogues with local authorities in order to assess the possibility to contribute to local economic development promoting initiatives as part of the mitigation measures of the ESMP and for completing the RAP.

7.11 Cultural Sites

Wherever possible, the routing of the transmission line will avoid sites of cultural significance, such as cultural heritage sites, ceremonial sites, and grave yards. At this stage, a precise identification of where and how many such graves and sites of cultural significance lie within the wayleave cannot be ascertained a hundred per cent. Although a tentative figure has been provided in this RPF document, a complete appraisal, as well as the identification of rerouting options, will only be possible after the final route is decided and marks are placed on the ground.

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8. Community Participation and Consultations

8.1 Consultative Strategy

Participation is a process through which different stakeholders influence and share their views over development initiatives and the decisions and resources that affect them. The effectiveness of resettlement programs is directly related to the degree of continuing involvement of those affected by the project. Comprehensive planning is required to assure that local government, NGOs, project staff and affected men and women interact regularly and purposefully in all stages of the project. Participation of different social groups directly affected by the project is a requisite of a RAP. The involvement of the PAP in the design of the mitigation and/or resettlement plan increases the probability of successful mitigation/resettlement initiatives.

As observed by other RAP elsewhere, linear projects have a long but fairly narrow corridor of impact. This feature creates both advantages and difficulties. The use of narrow strips of land associated to linear projects generally displaces few people. Indeed, linear projects may require only temporary dis- location while transmission lines are installed. However, the challenge in this type of projects is that the corridors tend to be long and pass through many local areas, crossing different administrative boundaries. Coordinating and consulting with relatively small, dispersed groups of relocated persons demand particular logistical considerations.

The public participation process that was conducted under these studies took into account this particular feature of the transmission line, namely its linear formation.

The overall goal of the consultation process should be to disseminate project information and to incor- porate PAP’s views in the RAP. The specific aims of the consultations are to

• Improve project design and lead to fewer conflicts and delays in implementation; • Facilitate development of appropriate and acceptable entitlement options; • Increase long term project sustainability and ownership, • Reduce problems of institutional coordination.

They also aim to make the resettlement process transparent; increase the effectiveness of sustainability of income restoration strategies, and improve coping mechanisms.

8.2 The Consultative Process

8.2.1 Stakeholder Identification and Methods of Participation

Section 89 of the Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004) and Regulation 17 (URT, 2005) provide details and procedures for public participation in the ESIA process. The term "stakeholders" has become common in the EIA process and stakeholders' participation is important component of the EIA process. It is one of the key factors that enhance environmental governance. Stakeholders are individuals, groups of individuals or institutions that have interest in the proposed project. This includes those positively and negatively affected by the project. Stakeholder participation involves processes whereby all those with an interest in the outcome of a project actively participate in decisions on planning and management of the proposed development.

In ESIA process the concept "stakeholder" is given a very broad definition to encompass all different individuals, groups of individuals, government agencies, and beneficiaries, cooperative bodies and all

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other formal or informal groups associated with a project. The range of potential stakeholders to ESIA, and hence also to this Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), was greatly a factor of the definition of the project boundaries but it is important to be 'inclusive' rather than 'exclusive' and ensure that all those who might be affected or affect the project are fully engaged in the ESIA-RAP process. Simple methods such as stakeholder analysis, literature review and interviews were used to identify the range of stakeholders for the proposed development. The list of stakeholders is provided in Annex 1.1 of this RPF document.

8.2.2 Methods of Stakeholder Participation

The ESIA process which has fed into the preparation of a RAP (RPF) was conducted in all villages that the proposed transmission line is expected to pass through. Various methods were used in ensuring that all relevant stakeholders were consulted and their views incorporated in the ESIA report and this RPF document.

Participatory methods such as focus group discussions, household questionnaires and pubic meetings were used. The ESIA team also visited all critical sites and conducted discussions with stakeholders on site to identify their views and concerns. The team also visited the Mtera Hydropower Plant in Ir- inga to consult the technical people with regard to the proposed project. Specifically, the following techniques were used in undertaking this exercise.

8.2.3 Notification to Stakeholders

It is important to ensure that stakeholders are well informed prior to undertaking and consultation. In- troduction letters were written by TANESCO to all relevant Regional Administrative Secretaries to first inform them about the project as well as secure permission to work in the respective districts. This letters were then channelled to District Executive Director (DED) for the same purpose and to seek appointments to consult the district officials and to undertake the ESIA in the respective villages. Letters from the DED office were then distributed to all relevant villages to secure appointments with village government officials as well as the local communities. The general public was also notified of the project through media that included radio, television and newspapers.

8.2.4 Household Interviews

Household questionnaires were applied in the sampled villages. The questionnaire intended to obtain baseline information of the affected population. The information collected was basically on socioeconomic issues and land related issues, but its purpose was also to obtain the views of potential PAP regarding this project and basic compensation and resettlement issues. The socioeconomic data will be used in future for monitoring purposes. The household sample was randomly selected but with a focus on households that might be affected by the project.

8.2.5 Village Public Meetings

To ensure that all villagers were informed of the project, the team conducted public meetings in the villages close to the line corridor. The team also ensured that women attended and participated in the meetings. The meetings aimed at informing the villagers regarding the project and the impacts that could be associated with the project. Villagers were informed of the positive and negative impacts of

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the project which included loss of land, possibilities of an increased spread of HIV/Aids, especially during the construction phase as well as other environmental and social impacts associated with the project. Villagers were also sensitized on their right to be compensated and what has to be compensated if they would either lose land, crops or houses. Villagers were also given an opportunity to ask ques- tions, raise their concerns and provide information to the team on issues such as availability of land in the village for resettlement purposes.

8.2.6 Official Meetings with Village Leaders

Similarly, village meetings were conducted in all villages supposed to be affected. These meetings aimed at collecting specific data at the village, discussing alternative line routing that could minimize impacts as well as identifying sensitive sites and areas, such as cultural sites and graves within the village or its neighbourhood.

A checklist was also administered during these meetings. These meetings also aimed at sensitizing the village leaders regarding how they could handle compensation matters and also to ensure that they would continue to sensitize and inform other villagers who were unable to attend the village public meetings. After each meeting a notice to the public was posted at the village office so that villagers could have an opportunity to contact TANESCO in case of any concern during any stage of the project.

8.2.7 Meetings with Districts Officials

Meetings were held in all thirteen districts that will be affected by the project. The aim of the meetings was to discuss the project with the district officials and to obtain relevant data and information from the respective districts. Issues of alternative land and compensation were also discussed with these officials.

8.2.8 Consultations with Other Relevant Stakeholders

In Dar es Salaam the team also consulted various stakeholders at ministerial and Government Agen- cies to obtain views at policy level. These included the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Forestry and Beekeeping Division, the Division of Antiquities, TANROADS and TANESCO. Other stakeholders consulted in Dar es Salaam at this level included the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security and the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements. Various mining development companies that are based in the northern parts of the country were also consulted to get their views regarding the project.

8.3 Summary of Stakeholder Issues and Concerns

Stakeholders consulted for this specific development project had various views and concerns. Details of these views and concerns are provided in Annex 1.2 of this RPF document. Briefly most of the views gathered from the stakeholders are positive about the project and expect that the project will have a positive impact to the economy of the nation. However, most concerns raised by the stakeholders revolved around land and compensation issues.

Discussions from various district officials and those at the village level showed concern, on the way

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the land acquisition procedure for development activities is undertaken in the country. In most cases local communities are not well informed of their rights as well as the whole procedure. For instance there are other allowances such as disturbance allowance, loss of profits for house/business premises that will be affected are also supposed to be compensated. But because of lack of awareness some local people are denied such payments. During stakeholders' involvement in this assessment, sensitization was also undertaken to ensure that all affected people are aware of what they are supposed to be compensated.

Another concern raised by stakeholders with regard to compensation was related to delay of compensation once properties including land and houses have been valuated and acquired by a developer. "We have experience from the current Dodoma -Shinyanga road project, it took more than two years for us to be compensated," complained a member of local community at Chikuyu. It was further learned at Ntondo and Isuna villages that it has taken up to three years for some people to be compensated by the road project. "By the time you are compensated the amount of money you obtain does not suffice your requirement due to inflation", they said.

Stakeholders were informed that the land law is very clear regarding time as to when one has to be compensated, and if not compensated on time, the law requires the developer to pay the affected person.

Another issue that was also raised with regard to compensation was on value given to affected properties. It was noted that prices given to crops, both seasonal and perennial, was very low compared to the actual value of investment cost of a particular crop. Discussions with officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security revealed that values of crops are supposed to be reviewed after every three years, though sometimes this is not the case. The value of bare land was also another issue raised by various stakeholders. Many of the stakeholders complained that it is very low compared to the actual market value in different areas. Under these circumstances most affected persons end up not being able to buy the same size and quality of land after being compensated.

In order to address these concerns some stakeholders recommended the following:

• Compensation modalities: Most people were concerned with the transparency and participatory nature of the compensation procedures, and requested that PAP should be key actors in this procedure. Compensation should be paid directly to the affected people before construction. • Valuation process: there were also concerns regarding the valuation of the assets of the people to be economically and/or physically relocated. Communities requested to involve direct beneficiaries in this process. • Review of crop prices for compensation should be conducted every year and should involve relevant District Agriculture Officials. It is important to involve district officials because investment costs of crops differ from one area to another due to variation in physical environment. • Compensation of land value should include investment cost; e.g. for the preparation of rice/paddy fields one has to invest more compared to the preparation of a maize fields. • Compensation should also consider fertility of land and a much higher price should be paid for fertile land, e.g. price for land adjacent to water sources different to barren land.

This RPF document, among other things, also recommends on how best the compensation issue should be undertaken as this will minimize most of the identified impacts associated with the project as well as reduce conflicts between the developer and local communities.

Several stakeholders raised their concerns regarding the prospect of increased spreading of HIV/Aids in their villages as well as district as result of the proposed development. World Vision, an NGO that

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operates in most of the areas covered by the project, were also concerned about this and demanded that efforts to prevent the spread and to intensify awareness amongst the people and workers must be made.

In most areas the rate of infection is already alarming. For instance, Iringa Region is already ranking as number one in the country (Ministry of Health 2007). Hence, every measure must be taken to prevent further spread.

Most of the consulted District Council and Municipal officials as well as those at the village level highlighted the importance of the proposed project to the nation, districts and local communities. For instance, the officials at Kishapu District support the project with an expectation that the increase of electricity supply will enable the district to be connected to the National Grid. Currently the district is not connected to this important service.

Since few direct benefits have been identified for the communities and families directly affected by the construction of the transmission line, the communities along the route requested that some ways to provide benefits to them should be sought. In the community meetings, the population mentioned that the provision of certain public services, such as electricity, water, schools and health centres could be considered as likely measures to promote sharing of benefits of the project with those communities and families affected by it.

Local communities were also concerned as to when they would directly benefit with such projects. They were complained that they were tired of not only providing security to TANESCO infrastructures but also loosing land for TANESCO projects without enjoying the services provided by such infrastructures. Furthermore, several villagers were hopeful that with the proposed increase in production of electricity, it was now appropriate for them to have electricity just like other Tanzanians in the urban areas. The assessment of willingness to use electricity showed that most local communities are willing to adopt use of electricity, only that the cost of electricity connection was too high for them.

The proposed project is expected to affect about 93 villages in 13 districts and 5 regions. However, out of the 93 villages likely to be affected, 16 villages are connected to the National Grid, of which most are in urban areas. Discussions with TANESCO officials revealed that in order to solve this problem, the company is currently implementing a Rural Electrification Project which aims at increasing the number of villages which will be connected to the National Grid.

Other stakeholders mentioned about benefits from the project such as increase of employment opportunity especially for young people though they were concerned that employment may be given to out- siders whilst the local people are left with simple manual jobs; other benefits included emergence of auxiliary activities, increased supply of electricity, revenue to the nation and benefits that would accrue as a result. Money gotten from compensations was expected to improve their standards of living.

Other concerns from villagers who will be affected by the proposed project were basically associated with the new location for settlement and that it would probably not be possible to obtain land of similar quality or to obtain arable land at all. People were afraid that some of them might be forced to migrate to villages far from their economic activities and other basic social infrastructures. Though villagers are concerned about losing their properties, especially houses, generally they are willing to relocate as they recognize the importance of this project to the nation. After understanding what they are actually supposed to be compensated, they found that this is an opportunity for them to build a better future.

Discussions with relevant District Land Officers (DED) indicated that within the districts it is still possible to resettle affected populations as there are other villages with enough land. As discussed above,

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the ESIA team conducted a survey of alternative routes for the project that would minimize the number of houses to be demolished by the project.

The developer also needs to take into account that there are other areas that have been planned for development that might be implemented before the actual survey and compensation for this project has taken place. For instance in Bahi, the district intends to construct a bus stand within the proposed site, though the actual date for implementation has not been determined. Bahi District has also designated large part of the area for the new district headquarters and these issues must be taken into account during the planning of this transmission line in order to avoid land use conflicts.

Private companies working in the mining sector highlighted the benefit of the proposed development project that will solve the lack of electricity for the industries (currently the country's electricity supply does not suffice the demand) and also increase power stability. Investors also revealed that the proposed development project would improve industrial development in Tanzania as well as increase the national income.

Communities and local leaders advocated also for the establishment of programmes and awareness campaigns on implication of HIV/AIDS before and during the project implementation, targeted to both contractors and community members. Provide information and create awareness on safety matters related to the high tension transmission lines; in particular focusing on school children close to the corridor, but also to the community at large. Involvement of the respective local leaders in the villages and wards was highly appreciated.

Most District Executive Directors such as those of Iramba, Iringa Municipal, Iringa Rural and Kishapu District emphasized the importance of TANESCO facilitating a meeting for the various councillors within each affected district. These meeting would be used as a forum to create awareness to the political leaders who are supposed to continue to sensitize local people on project relevant issues. Ac- cording to the District Executive Director of Iramba District land related matters are very sensitive to local people; but they have much trust in their councillors than any district official. If they hear it from their councillors they will appreciate, accept and understand. Though in some villages councillors participated in the consultative meetings, this report recommends that the developer prepares more of such forums.

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9. Institutions and Implementation Arrangements

9.1 Overview of Relevant Institutions

As observed by earlier Resettlement Action Plans, there is no single agency in Tanzania that has mandate for the planning and providing resettlement and compensation help in cases where people are involuntarily relocated for development projects. It is, however, agreed in principle that the project proponent assumes the responsibility for delivery of entitlements even though a number of other actors may be involved. In the case of the Iringa-Shinyanga Transmission Line, the most relevant institutions related to the resettlement planning and implementation will be TANESCO (the Project Propo- nent), the Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development, District Councils/Municipalities, Vil- lage Councils and the National Environment Management Council (NEMC).

9.1.1 TANESCO (The Project Proponent)

The actual implementation of the transmission line will be undertaken by an entity named "the Project Developer" at this stage. We can borrow the definition used by the Draft National Environmental Im- pact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines and Procedures from 2005 to describe the "Proponent/Developer": "Any private person or group of persons or government department or parastatal who carry out an undertaking or proposes to carry them out, whether they be corporations, companies, agencies, groups, or individuals, are described as proponent/developer. A proponent may be either the person or organization that owns, manages, controls or finances an undertaking".

TANESCO is a Public Company established in 1964, and is under the Ministry of Energy and Minerals which regulates its operation on behalf of the government. The major responsibilities of TANESCO are generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity to Tanzania mainland and bulk power supply to the island of Zanzibar. The company is organized into directorates including the "Directorate of Strategic Planning and Projects". This Directorate deals with planning of projects like this one, and deals with environmental and social issues related to energy development projects.

TANESCO has played a significant role in the implementation of RAP in the context of other transmission lines in Tanzania. TANESCO will be responsible for following up some aspects of the Environ- mental and Social Management Plan. This entity should also be responsible for making sure that the financial commitments established in a RAP, i.e. compensation entitlements, are considered in the total project budget and are available at the proper time.

9.1.2 Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development

The Ministry of Land and Human Settlement Development is charged with policy, regulations, and coordination matters pertaining to land in Tanzania. The Minister administers the Land Acquisition Act, the Land Act no. 4 of 1999 and Village Land Act No.5 of 1999. The Commissioner of Lands administers issues to do with land allocation, acquisition, registration and land management in general. All in- stances of acquisition of land and public purposes and the need for resettlement and/or compensation have to be referred to the Commissioner.

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9.1.3 Local Governments

Tanzania is made up of 26 regions and 130 districts. The Executive Directors or Municipal Directors administer the districts. The role of the Directors is to administer and coordinate all district and municipal activities and projects. There are also District Commissioners at every respective District to oversee the district peace, law, order and tranquillity. In each district there are a number of wards administered by the Ward Councils under the Ward Executive Officers. The responsibilities to oversee and monitor any development activities rest at the ward level.

At the level of the districts and municipalities there are land officers. They are responsible for land af- fairs, resettlement and compensation issues in their respective areas. There are also other officers dealing with land issues at the district levels, for instance: land surveyors, land valuers and town plan- ners.

9.1.4 National Environment Management Council (NEMC)

The Council is governed by the National Environment and Management Act No. 20 of 2004. The role of NEMC is to provide legal and institutional guide for the sustainable management of Tanzania environment. NEMC has the role of advising the government on issues related to environment and social issues.

Although NEMC is not part of institutional framework governing the resettlement issues in Tanzania, the Council can communicate with responsible institutions governing these issues for any concerns in the RAP process.

9.2 Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation

Being a linear project, there is no need for a centralized relocation of resettled households. The large majority of those with residential houses within the wayleave will relocate in their own yards, just outside the wayleave. Nonetheless, the following steps should provide a guideline to ensure that resettlement sites have been properly selected where necessary.

9.2.1 Site Selection

Site selection is to be done based on available land, maps and available data for evaluating potential sites. Site selection should be discussed with project affected people (PAP), their representatives and local officials prior to their termination..

9.2.2 Financial and Economic Analysis

Although no detailed feasibility study is expected, detailed economic and financial analysis of the resettlement action plan is necessary to ensure that the proposed plan is economically viable.

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9.2.3 Land Acquisition

For those requiring replacement plots, they can either purchase new plots using the allowances re- ceived, or ask for assistance if they consider the identification and selection of a new site too cumber- some. The Project Proponent, in collaboration with local authorities, should be open to provide assistance to find new plots for resettled households if the need arises.

9.2.4 Movement

No movement of the PAP is envisioned in this case. However, should there be need to move people, movement should take place only when the new sites are ready with the minimal basic amenities and initial training of resettlement staff, extension workers and PAP representatives has been accomplished.

9.2.5 Integration with Host Populations

In this case, as is common in linear projects without a centralized resettlement site or location, with a rather long and narrow corridor of impact, the issue of integrating resettled families within host populations is not a major area of concern. Relocation will in general take place either on same plots already owned by the family or in a close proximity to the original site. Families will not be resettled among new and/or unknown communities, demanding special integration measures for the resettled population.

9.2.6 Housing, infrastructure, and Social Services

Design and construction of the houses to those PAP who prefer to be provided a house instead for cash compensation, including provision of basic infrastructure, are pre-requisites to the movement of the PAP.

9.3 Institutional Arrangements

The Project Proponent may consider the establishment of some or all of the suggested institutional arrangements to deal, internally and externally, respectively with the resettlement issues associated to the Iringa -Shinyanga 400 kV Transmission Line. A Compensation Committee may be created internally within the Project Proponent's organization with representatives of the different units involved in the Transmission Line, including the relevant Regional and District Offices.

The Directorate for Strategic Planning and Projects, which is the one having experience and human resources specialized in environmental and social aspects may chair this committee. The main objective of this Committee is to discuss and agree on a common corporate policy towards the resettlement plan. It is important that the Project Proponent, which is a relatively large organization, has an internal forum to appraise and discuss their policies and strategies towards resettlement.

An ESMP/RAP Implementation Unit may be created within the Iringa -Shinyanga Transmission Line Project to implement and manage the project’s ESMP and RAP. This unit may be structured to provide coordination, technical support and services at several levels of project implementation. This unit should, among other tasks, provide coordination for land acquisition and compensation, relocation and

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resettlement, distribution of project-related assistance, and support PAP access to all the assistance available from governmental or local development programs, as well as all those entitlements to which they are eligible.

A Compensation Steering Committee may also be created to coordinate the implementation and the monitoring of the RAP. This Steering Committee may include representatives of the Project Propo- nent, representatives of relevant districts, relevant ministries (Energy and Minerals; Lands and Human Settlement Development), and optional representatives of relevant local NGOs, and specialized consulting firms appointed by TANESCO.

9.4 Activities and Responsibilities

The following is a non-exhaustive list of key activities that should be undertaken as part of implementation of the RAP.

9.4.1 Transmission Line Definition

Before the planning and implementation of the RAP can be continued, it is imperative that the detailed design of the transmission line and the survey of the final route are conducted. As part of the detailed design and the field survey of the route the finally defined route should be marked on the ground, for example with Iron Pin in Concrete (IPC), and numbered with readily identifiable symbols T1, T2, etc. This information is necessary and will be used by the valuation team during the inventory and valuation of assets as part of the full RAP.

9.4.2 Compensation Process Preparation Phase

This phase leads to the contractual agreement and ends with signature between the PAP and the Pro- ject Proponent, defining precisely the value of compensation. The process preparation phase will begin with the inspection of affected properties and households by the Registered District Valuer, and assignation of registration numbers to each relocated household. This will be followed by serving notice to PAP on the prescribed Land Form No. 69, completion of compensation claims by PAP on the prescribed Land Form No. 70, determination of compensation rates for specific items and individual compensation entitlements and values of compensation by the Registered District Valuer, and production of valuation report, submitted to Chief Government Valuer in MLHSD for approval. These will then be followed by compilation of individual compensation schedules, indicating the breakdown and total amount of compensation to be paid to each claimant, forwarding it to the Project Proponent and the respective District Land Officers, and conducting a PAP household survey.

9.4.3 Resettlement Process Preparation Phase

This phase defines how each entitled family will be compensated (resettlement land plot, in-kind payment, or cash payment) and ends with a signature of receipt of the entitlements. The activities involved will include delivery of entitlements after approval of the Valuation Report and Compensation Schedule by the Commissioner of Lands. Payments must be made within six months after Regional Commissioner sign compensation schedules, otherwise interest has to be paid to compensate the PAP. This will be followed by confirmation of receipt of entitlements by the PAP who should sign a receipt of the entitlements on the compensation schedule, permitting the use of the wayleave. After that an order will be published in the Government Gazette creating the wayleave.

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10. Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Overview

In order to fulfil the requirements of the World Bank in that relocated people are adequately handled and are left in a position no worse off than they were prior to project implementation, monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken. Both internal and external monitoring evaluation should be carried out during compensation and implementation of the resettlement plan.

Specific monitoring items, for both internal and external monitoring, frequencies of monitoring and re- porting systems will be clearly indicated in the monitoring plan that will be established by the project sponsor’s PMU and by the regulatory agency, respectively.

Monitoring and evaluation is also recommended some time after resettlement has been concluded in order to assess the medium and long term effects of the resettlement exercise.

In the case of linear projects, the evaluation and monitoring of resettlement present practical and logistical challenges, since the resettled population is widely dispersed along the transmission line. In our case, it will constitute a real challenge to implement monitoring of resettlement along 683 / 667 km, in 5 administrative regions, 13 districts and 93 villages.

10.2 General Objectives and Evaluation Monitoring

Evaluation and monitoring are key components of the RAP, and as such can be embedded into the EMP. After the organizational arrangements for the operation of the line have been defined, the responsible for the operation of the transmission line may want to include the monitoring and evaluation of the RAP as part of its management and maintenance routines along the line.

The monitoring and evaluation procedures will have the following general objectives, i.e. to evaluate the compliance of the actual implementation with objectives and methods as given in the RAP, and of the impact of the compensation/resettlement program on incomes and standard of living; and to monitor specific situations of economic/social difficulties arising from the compensation/resettlement process.

10.3 Evaluation Objectives

These are two categories of these objectives, i.e. the internal and external objectives as discussed hereunder.

10.3.1 Internal Monitoring and Evaluation

The internal evaluation has the specific objectives of general assessment of the compliance of the implementation of the RAP with objectives and methods defined in this document; assessment of the compliance of the implementation of the RAP with laws regulations and safeguard policies as stated

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above; and assessment of the consultation procedures that took place at individual and community levels, as well as with relevant district and national authorities.

The other objectives are to assess the fairness, adequacy and prompt compensation and resettlement procedures as they have been implemented; to evaluate the impact of the compensation/resettlement program on incomes and/or standards of living, with focus on the "no worse-off" requirement; and to identify actions to be taken as part of the on-going monitoring to improve the positive impacts of the program and mitigate against possible negative impacts.

Internal monitoring will we done regularly by the project sponsor‘s PMU, i.e. the same Unit that will su- pervise the sound realization of the ESMP by the Contractor. However, the establishment of a specific Project Resettlement Unit by the project proponent TANESCO is recommended.

The Monitoring Plan established by TANESCO’s PMU will be passed to the relevant District Authori- ties (DPO etc.) for implementation.

10.3.2 External Monitoring and Evaluation

External evaluations may be conducted for instance either by WB missions and/or by missions of representatives of third parties such as consultants, scientific institutes or NGO. The external monitoring evaluations may cover aspects such as the implementation progress, the compensation and resettlement policies, the status of the delivery of entitlements, the progress and changes in living conditions of relocated people and consultation with affected people (PAP) and other stakeholders.

Independent evaluation of the RAP implementation should be conducted in at least two successive stages. The first of these evaluations should take place within 6 months after completion of the implementation, while the second may take place within two years after completion of the implementation. For comparative purposes, both evaluations should be carried out using a similar methodology and using the same indicators.

10.4 Monitoring Objectives

On the other hand, the objectives of monitoring will be to identify affected persons who might get into difficulties as a result of the compensation/resettlement process; and to provide a safety mechanism and appropriate responses addressing these situations.

10.5 Conclusion

This RPF document has noted that the proposed project will meet backbone requirements for increasing the national power demand and policies and will have little to moderate negative impacts on environment and people. The more serious concerns revolve around social impacts, to which mitigation measures, including compensations have been proposed. Therefore, the proposed development quali- fies for consideration alongside the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. For the loss of land, crops and structures, the ESIA recommends alternative routings as a measure to reduce the

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effect of the proposed project on such structures. The proposed alternatives do not completely remove impacts, but simply reduces the severity of the impacts. For example, some alternatives may reduce the number of affected houses and structures in some specific areas or will affect houses whose value is relatively low, and hence manageable through compensation.

In addition, the RPF recommends fair and prompt compensation where alternative routes are unten- able. All project affected people must receive cash compensation based on national and international standards applicable in such cases so that the compensation renders them at least as well off and possibly better off than before the commissioning of the transmission line.

A valuation of properties will be carried out by government valuers to identify all affected households and to determine the value of houses, fixed assets, crops and trees that will be lost because of the transmission line. A grievance or complaint procedure will be established to make sure that all PAP are properly compensated and have a possibility to appeal if they are dissatisfied with the awarded compensation amount. Considerable notification must be given to all PAP to participate in person in meetings deliberating on compensation issues, as detailed in this RPF document.

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11. Indicative Resettlement Cost

A first but very limited estimation of the expected resettlement and compensation costs for the loss of houses, infrastructures, bare and cultivable land, income sources, and deterioration of living conditions and livelihood of the affected population in general are summarized in Table 11-1. The figures are based on standard cost parameters for houses, infrastructures and land. Rates for allowances and contingencies are derived from other recently performed RAP studies for TANESCO.

The real necessary budget for resettlement and compensation will be calculated by independent governmental valuers when the decision on the final line routing has taken place.

This very preliminary calculation of compensation cost totals to 6.6 million EUR but will be subject of a review as long as it is based on standard parameters from selected regions and not based on the criteria of eligibility of the project affected population to receive compensation, the final number of people who will be really subject of the resettlement action plan, and the definite number of infrastructures and size of perimeters. These figures therefore are and should not be considered for policy decision until a proper valuation exercise has been conducted on the selected right of way for this project.

Table 11-1: Indicative Cost Estimation for RAP ("resettlement budget")

Issue Unit No. EUR/unit TEUR MThS Houses no. 850 2,000 1.700 2.890,0 infrastructures lump sum 500 850,0 Total buildings 2.200 3.740,0 agricultural area ha 1022 800 818 1.389,9 compensation for crops (2*value of cultivated area) 1.635 2.779,8 areas prone for settlement ha 147 600 88 149,9 (uncultivated) bare land ha 3771 150 566 961,6 sum 5.307 9.021,3 allowances/compensation 13% 690 1.172,8 sum 5.997 10.194,1 contingencies 10% 600 1.019,4 Total Sum 6.596 11.213,5

1 EUR equivalent to 1,700 TSh; TEUR = Thousand EURO; MTSh = Million Tanzanian Shilling

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12. References

• OECD (1992). Guidelines for Aid Agencies on Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in De- velopment Projects, No. 3.

• Office for Promoting Private Power Investments (OPPPI) (2006). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for 330kV Transmission Line from Mbeya to Singida. Draft Resettlement Action Plan, prepared by NORPLAN.

• SONGAS (2000). Songo Songo Gas to Electricity Project: Environment and Social Management Plan..

• TANESCO (2005). Wayleave Village Electrification Scheme (WVES) Project. Compensation Action Plan,. Final Report prepared by Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam.

• TANESCO (2007). Distribution and Transmission Rehabilitation Project (Dar es Salaam, Moshi, and Arusha) Proposed High Voltage Transmission Lines in Dar es Salaam. Resettlement Action Plan. Final Report. Maputo: Impacto.

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 1

Stakeholder Consultation

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 1.1: People Consulted (13 Districts)

Name Position District

District Officials Theresia Mbando Municipal Director Iringa Municipal Wilberd Wampembe Municipal Surveyor Iringa Municipal Tina Sekambo District Executive Director Iringa Rural Mshauri Minenaki District Natural Resource Office Dodoma Municipal Hellen F. Minja Municipal Community Development Officer Dodoma Municipal Devota I.Nyange Valuer - Municipal Dodoma Municipal Mshauri Minenaki District Natural Resource Office Dodoma Municipal Kuyenga, C.M Valuer Dodoma Municipal Ansbert S. Rwamahe Municipal Game Officer Dodoma Municipal J.A. Mwakasege District Community Development Officer Mpwapwa Mabula I. Isambula Surveyor Mpwapwa Joseph M. Halamga District Natural Resource Officer Mpwapwa Eng. J.E. Mbeyela District Engineer Bahi C.K Mumwi Natural Resources Officer Bahi J.V. Mnara Natural Resources Officer Bahi I.A.Msofu District auditor Bahi Rehema Nchimbi District Development Officer Bahi Wallace Kiama Cooperative Officer Bahi Salama Mangala Lawyer Bahi Juliana Kerengi District Treasurer Bahi Emmanuel Mziwanda Bahi R.T. Mwenda Bahi Mary A. Mathew Education Officer Bahi Eliud Kongola District Agricultural Officer Bahi Mathias Buhoro Water Engineer Bahi Hassan Nzobe District Treasurer Bahi Amede Amani District Community Stakeholder Consulta- Bahi tion Development Officer Shedrack Moshi District Community Development Officer Bahi Beatrice K. Msomisi District Executive Officer Bahi Daud Mayeji Chamwino Mohamed O. Sumoe Chamwino George E. Loth Chamwino Kissa Ino District Planning Officer Manyoni Machael Msigwa District Natural Resource Off icer Manyoni Athman Masasi PLO Manyoni Julian J. Tarimo PLO Manyoni Kenan M. Ng'ombe District Treasurer Manyoni Anusiata Lyimo District Executive Officer (DED) Singida Rural Paskazia G. Kyaruzi District Land Officer Singida Rural Karoli Lukondo District Surveyor Singida Rural Robert Kitimbo District Executive Officer (DED Singida Municipal K. Aristide Town Planner Singida Municipal

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Name Position District R. Danyukile District Land Officer Singida Municipal Fortunatus H. Fwema DED Iramba Mathias Mkumbo DALDO Iramba Theophil Ndunguru DPLO Iramba Mangula I. Lusungu Iramba Esther N. Romole Ag. DED Kishapu Sarai Pura Ag. DALDO Kishapu Leonard Koyo DCDO Kishapu Shadrack M. Nitwa DFO Kishapu Pharles Mahushi Planning Officer Kishapu Kassian B. Oswald Ag. DED Shinyanga Municipal Engelbert Mdulla Land Officer Shinyanga Municipal Rogasian P. Seda Economist Shinyanga Municipal Dina Madeje Planning Officer Igunga Herman Hengele Land Department Igunga

Ministry Officials and Government Agencies Mwita S. William MNRT - Antiquitie s Depar tment Aloyce Tango MNRT - Forest and Beekeeping Division Dr. J. Ningu MAFC - Planning Division Luhoro Julius TANROADS Village and ward level Village and Ward Executive Off icers

Village Officials and Village Public Meetings Participants A volume with name lists of about 3500 people attending public meetings is available at TANESCO (Appendix: Stakeholders Names and Signatures, Dec. 2008)

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 1.2: Summary of Stakeholder's Views and Concerns

Stakeholders Views/Concerns TANESCO • Our main objective of the new 400kv line is to strengthen supply of electricity to the north-west mainly to support the mining activities in the area Mr. Maeji - DED Cham- • We can not say no to the project as it is public interest. wino District • TANESCO needs t o involve various stakeholders at an early stage to avoid conflicts especially local people and their leaders such as councillors. • Compensation is also the major problem in such projects; people are not well informed of the process making it difficult for them to understand the whole process • We need to know and have data of affected persons in each village within the district so that we can organise if they are to be reallocated. • It is also important if officials from the district will also be involve in sensitizing local people regarding the project, issues of land acquisition and compensation. Mr Sunu - Planning Offi- • TANESCO rarely involve the district in its development plans which we cer-Chamwino District think is important as we are also stakeholders Council • It is also important for TANESCO to consider supplying electricity in areas that the national grid goes through so that these people can also benefit from the project. For instance the step down at Mtera could be used to supply electricity to local people. • Local communities are playing an important role in providing security to TANESCO infrastructure; this job can not be done by the police alone, that is why we insist they should benefit from the project directly and in- directly. Mr Loti - Land and Natu- • The district valuer should be involved; it is also good if TANESCO in- ral Resource Officer volve government valuers to avoid as they are more competent in un- Chamwino District dertaking valuation of properties according to the law. • There is land availabl e within the district if need be to reallocate some of the affected people for specification of where to obtain the land we need to identify and analyse • However most areas in the district have ownership there fore even for re allocation we might need to re acquire the land or even compensate areas that we shall be obtaining land. Dodoma Municipal • Raise awareness to the community on issues related to compensations and other individual’s rights • Rate of compensations for different items should be clear and t ake into account the inflation rate in the country • Compensations rates for perennials and annual crops are outdated, should revised to meet the current value of crops • TANESCO should have programs to support NGO’s, CBO’s and other institutions dealing with environmental conservation in Dodoma region by providing funds for tree planting • TANESCO should request plots to CDA on behalf of those who their houses will be demolition during the project implementation, this is specifically for Mkonze village, where la nd is a problem and application for plots ion individual bases has been a problem and it will take time for them to be considered.

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Stakeholders Views/Concerns Mpwapwa District • Compensation should take into account the current value of an item to be compensated • Compensation of social services should be done before project take off. • District authorities including ward councillors should be involved in all matters related to valuation and compensation. • TANESCO should take responsibilities for the environmental destruction which will be made during project implementation, e.g. planting trees in other areas to compensate for the destroyed ecosystem. Mr F Fwema - DED • Compensation is the major issue in such projects Iramba District • Our main objective as local government is to work for the people at grass root level and our operations are through participation to enhance democracy • We should ensure that the project does not lead into conflicts in the area • It is best if there will be an opportunity for capacity building to the councillors, lo cal people look at them as their representatives and they trust them more • There is therefore a need to have a forum between TANESCO, Local Government officials and various Councillors Mr Matias Mkumbo - • Th ere is enough land in the district my main concern is if affected people Land and Natural Re- will be ready to be reallocated in other areas; we therefore need to edu- source Officer-Iramba cate councillors who will then educate local people District • Iguguno, Misigiri and Shelui these are small towns and they already have land use plans • We recommend the proposed line should not affect the already surveyed areas as this will create a lot of problems to the land office • Sekenke forest has already been gazetted as a forest reserve under participatory forest manage ment, the owner is therefore the district council and 18 villages Mr. Kisa Ino - District • The existing power transmission line has been a problem to landing and Planning Officer - takeoff of planes in Manyoni. Adding another line in the area will make Manyoni District and things worse. For instance, there has been an incidence of qualea Mr. Michael Msigwa qualea outbreak in the district; attempts to control vermin using chemi- cals sprayed by helicopters have been hindered because of poor landing environment caused by the presence of power transmission line. Al- ternatively, they have been forced to land in Itigi, which is very far from Manyoni town and expensive. • If possible the airport should be relocated to another place and the district is ready to provide another area for air port construction. • Some of the villages where the proposed transmission line will pass are prospective areas for uranium mining e.g. Solya, Chibumagwa and Chi- kuyu. Therefore, care should be taken to ensure that environment and the people are not affected and conflict of interest between miners, TANESCO and villagers is addressed. • Beekeeping is an important economic activity in Manyoni district, destruction of environment by cutting trees which are potential areas for bees will definitely affect this industry and income of the people and the council at large. The compensation exercise should take into account the value of the environment to be destroyed. • The cost for surveying other areas to establish settlement for affected

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Stakeholders Views/Concerns people in Manyoni town should be covered by TANESCO. • TANESCO should establish a program to support environmental conservation programs in areas where they destroyed the environment. World Vision • Our NGO is operational in this area and the rate of HIV in these area needs to be taken into consideration • It is important to build capacity and conduct sensitization on HIV/AIDS to workers that will be involved in the construction of the project as well as local communities • We can conduct the sensitization but we must be infor med early as we have our own annual work plans so in case of any activities we need to in cooperate in the work plan. Igunga Land Office • Within the district there is no land that has no ownership especially potential land which is very limited. • The distr ict should be involved during the survey so that we can know where exactly is the line going to pass • Most of our villages in the district have not been surveyed, some have village certificate as well. • Affected village governments should also be well inform ed so that they can assist in finding alternative land for the affected people. • Most of the areas that the project intends to acquire are actually the fertile once; it will be difficult for the affected people to obtain fertile land in other areas. Ms Esther N. Romole - • We accept the project because we expect in future electricity will reach Acting DED - Kishapu our district; currently the district is not connected to the National Grid. District • The main issue is compensation if the procedures are not wel l known to local people it will create conflicts • It is also important to use local people leaders such as counsellors and village government officials to disseminate information • We expect the project will employ our local people so that they can also benefit from the project. • The district has a team that can facilitate in educating local people on HIV/AIDS issues; peer educators can be facilitated by TANESCO and educate people in the affected areas. Agriculture Office - • In this area some of our farmers grow hay to feed their animals some Kishapu District being natural grass; they invest their time and money; this should also be considered during compensation • What value will you use to compensate in areas that people are already practising mining? • Ministry of agriculture for quite some has not updated compensation rates for various crops, however its important for valuers to consider that cost for production for various crops differ from one place to another. • It is also important to educate politicians espec ially counsellors Community Development • What do you do to cultural issues? Are they also compensated cause - Kishapu District sometimes they have impact to communities • Compensation has always been a problem, the process is not clear to most people and in most cases the payments are delayed

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Stakeholders Views/Concerns Acting DED - Shinyanga • It is very important to involve local people from the preliminary stage of Municipality the project • At Ibadakuli village TANESCO might need more land to expand the substation; land acquisition procedures should be followed for the Ibadakuli site. • Councillors should also be involved so that they can facilitate the sensitization process • We should also get the EIS reports to enable us implement the EMP Land Officer - Shinyanga • The pr oposed project might affect our town drawing that have partly Municipality been prepared; we might have do some amendments in some areas • District valuer must be involved in the valuation process • There is still enough alternative land for the effected people; land is st ill not scarce in the district Planning Officer - • This project needs to be introduced in our technical committee so that it Shinyanga Municipality is well known to all district officials Ms Beatrice Msamisi - • Where TANESCO is planning to erect towers the district is planning to DED-Bahi District build a bus stop Bahi District Council Offi- • TANESCO may delay compensation and create problems to the district cials • What will happen if people build on the right of way now; will TANESCO compensate? • Some govern ment buildings in Nala village fall on the proposed right of way DED - Singida District • When are they expecting to start the project? Council • What measures has TANESCO taken to ensure that supply of electricity is guaranteed as well as supply of electrici ty in areas that there is no electricity and the national grid grows through those villages? Singida District Council • Part of the proposed area for the new project has already been sur- Officials veyed and plots allocated and also prepared village maps, th is means we shall need to re-draw some of the areas? TANESCO should consider compensating for this exercise. • Loss of farm land? We need to start thinking of alternative land for affected people. ESIA and RAP should consider this; we also have to in- corporate this in the district plans. • Compensation should be on timely manner and valuation should consider market value of land and other affected properties. • Affected people should also be encouraged to start looking for land, though most will opt for unplanned areas or hazardous areas. Acting DED - Iringa Mu- • We accept the project but there is a need of involving counsellors nicipality Surveyor - Iringa Munici- • Land issues should involve various committees within the district as well pal Council as the full council Acting DED - Iringa Rural • The approach that has been used by TANESCO is very good cause it allows local people to be aware of the project • However there is a need of involving politicians in this exercise, otherwise it might not be successful • In such project valuation and compensation is the main problem, local people are not well involved • Rates used to compensate are normally very low, this increases the level of poverty among the local people, land law especially the com-

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Stakeholders Views/Concerns pensation part should be reviewed • Local people in most of the areas that the transmission line goes through do not benefit directly from the project, most of the rural areas have no access to electricity; there is a need to consider rural electrification • You might be affecting someone from a very fertile piece of land, compensation should consider this • Sensitization is also very important, telling people the benefits of the project • There is land problem in the district, there is no single land that has no owner, it therefore means all af fected people will again have to go and buy land • Late release of compensation sometimes even after two years with inflation it affects people even more Affected Local Communi- • We accept the project but we also want to benefit directly from the pro- ties ject i.e. to be connected to the national grid • We are impressed and also acknowledge the decision by TANESCO to conduct sensitization and information dissemination to local people prior accruing land or implementing the project • Compensation and should be on a timely manner and transparent, we should also be involved in all the procedures regarding compensation exercise • Compensation should be paid at the nearest bank from the village to avoid disturbance • Employment opportunities during construction phase should priorities local communities • Land acquisition should consider harvesting season; we should be allowed to harvest what we have already grown to avoid food shortage in the area • Prior to demolishing any affected social service such as schools or wells, anothe r facility should be constructed first by TANESCO. Also with regard to public services we would prefer compensation to be that of constructing another facility other than paying money to the village • Costs for installing electricity is currently very high; TANESCO should consider reducing such costs in rural areas • Most of TANESCO project involve cutting down tress that we have planted; the company should therefore be involved in tree planting activities • We propose the project to avoid sandwiching our land especially in residential areas as this reduces the value of land • Re allocation of graves should follow our norms and traditions and we should be involved in identifying were to allocated the graves. Mr Mwita S. William - An- • If the project involves digging the ground, cultural aspects should be tiquities Department- considered MNRT • Depending on the intensity of what will happen on site, there is an underground surface distance that can affect cultural heritage • It the area has any cultural heritage that are of importance to the nation or the local communities then its better to look for alternatives • Cultural heritages that are mainly for locals; the ministry is i nvolved but it

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Stakeholders Views/Concerns is always very important to involve the locals and agree with them on any activity that might impact their heritage • The line goes through some areas that have important sites (the central slave and ivory trade route) for heritage example Kilimatinde has been proposed as a World Heritage Site, GMP for the are is on preparation to convert the area into a tourist centre Dr Riwa - OSHA-MLYD • Land that is under a transmission line is legally TANESCO property • Transmission lines have social and economic components that need to be taken into account • Issues of safety to workers, people living adjacent to the project area is very important to be incorporated in all the project phases. Ministry of Land and • This project land acquisition procedure is guided by the Land acquisition Human Settlement act no 47 of 1967; which elaborates acquisition of land for public interest such as way leave for TANESCO is for public interest • Once land has been acquired, compensation should follow the Land Act no. 4 and 5. of 1999 • TANESCO should apply to the commissioner regarding the intention to acquire land which will later be gazetted • It is important to mention all the villages that will be affected by the project on the application • The valuation procedure should also consider market value of the affected land/property • Protected land such as forest reserve are under specific authorities however these authorities have no mandate to oppose a project. Julius Ruhuro - • Review of law in relation to way leave space is very important to avoid TANROADS conflict with other institutions • Avoid overloading during transportation of construction materials. Mr. Aloyce Tango - Min- • Wetland and Water catchments areas should be avoided. istry of Natural Re- • Compensation issues forest under Joint Forest Management system is sources and Tourism- important to encourage the community around the forest. Forest and Bee Keeping • Reserved trees should be avoided, if necessary, it should be done after Department permission from the MNRT. Dr. J. Ningu - Ministry of • Policy review in relation to compensation of crops should be done after Agriculture, Food Secu- three years to ensure that the rate of compensation reflect the actual rity and Cooperatives cost of investment to a particular crop. • Compensation should be valued using foreign currency to avoid inflation.

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 2

Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 2: Land Use and Agro-Physical Characteristics along the Transmission Line Corridor

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics Iringa Iringa Mu- 1 Igumbilo 0803097 Extensive farming Plain and seasonal Planted trees, bushed grass- Sandy nicipal 9139126 river and affected by land & riverine vegetation soil erosion Iringa Rural 2 Kigonzile 0802502 Extensive maize farming Plain with gentle Scattered bushes, wooded sandy and clay 9144226 slope grassland 3 Nduli 0803602 Extensive maize farming Plain Grassland and scattered trees Sandy clayed 9150198 4 Igingilanyi 0804486 Agriculture and very little Plain and some gen- Scattered trees and grassland Sandy and gravel 9156080 livestock keeping tle slope towards Nduli village 5 Ndolela 0808056 Farming and livestock keep- Plain and some parts Grassland, some bush and Sandy clayed 9171160 ing are slightly hilly scattered trees 6 Mkungugu 0805821 Extensive farming and very Plain and some parts Grassland and scattered trees Sandy, gravel and 9166240 little livestock keeping are slightly hilly clay 7 Kising'a 0805421 Extensive farming little live- Plain Scattered scrub and trees Clayed sandy 9160700 stock farming 8 Isimani Ta- 0809152 Extensive farming and live- Plain Scattered trees, scrub and Sandy clayed rafani 9173824 stock keeping grassland 9 Kihorogota 0811523 Extensive farming and live- Plain Scattered trees Clayed, sandy 9176236 stock keeping and dark soil 10 Nyang'oro 0808945 Extensive farming little live- Hilly and steep moun- dense forest- Nyang'oro for- Clayed, sandy 9178720 stock farming tain est reserve, 11 Izazi 0800452 Fishing and very little agri- Some parts are plain Bushed scrub and Adansonia Clayed, sandy 9198930 culture and livestock keep- and slightly hilly digitata and Commiphora and dark soil ing trees - dense Miombo woodland -part of Nyang'oro forest reserve

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 12 Migori- Mtera 0805664 Fishing and very little agri- Plain Scattered trees and grassland Clayed, sandy 9207800 culture and livestock keeping 13 Makatapora 0816740 Fishing, Few farms and Plain Scattered trees Clayed sandy 9210630 livestock keeping Dodoma Mpwapwa 14 Mtera 0828221 Fishing, Few farms and Plain, some parts Dense forest Sandy and gravel 9213034 livestock keeping steep slope 15 Kisima 0830988 Few farms and livestock Plain and gentle Dense forest Clayed sand and 9222342 keeping slope towards Mtera gravel dam 16 Chipogoro 0172755 Few farms and livestock Plain Scattered and some part have Clayed sand 9239626 keeping dense forest 17 Seluka 0176220 Few farms and livestock Plain Scattered scrub and plenty of Clayed sand 9246396 keeping Adansonia digitata and Com- miphora trees Chamwino 18 Fufu 0829800 Few farms and livestock Plain Open Acacia woodland and Clayed sand 9258124 keeping plenty of Adansonia digitata and Commiphora trees 19 Manzase 0823658 Few farms and livestock Plain Open Acacia woodland and Clayed sand 9268962 keeping plenty of Adansonia digitata and Commiphora trees 20 Mloda 0817286 Few farms and livestock Plain Scattered scrub and plenty of Clayed sand 9273976 keeping Adansonia digitata trees 21 Mlowa Bara- 0813170 Moderate farming, livestock Plain Scattered scrub and Adan- Clayed sand barani 9280132 sonia digitata trees Dodoma 22 Nkulabi 0807539 Few farms and livestock Plain Open bush, grassland and Clayed sand Urban 9290230 keeping scattered Adansonia digitata trees 23 Mpunguzi 0803678 Scattered grape farms and Plain, seasonal river Open bush and grassland Clayed sand with 9295010 livestock keeping gravel 24 Mantumbulu 0802532 Scattered farms Slight hills, gentle Grasslands and scattered Clayed sand -red, 9298971 slope, some boulders trees gravel

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 25 Mkonze 0800043 Some farming and livestock Plain with gentle Scattered trees and grassland Clayed sand 9311389 slope partly with gravel

26 Michese 0795907 Some farming and livestock Plain Scattered scrubs Clayed sand 9315766 27 Nala 0789961 Few farming and livestock Plain, slight hill and Grassland, scattered scrubs Clayed sand 9326663 keeping gentle slope 28 Chigongwe 0781606 Few farming and livestock Plain, gentle slope, Grassland, scattered scrubs Clayed sand 9329715 keeping some and dense bush btn Msem- Clayed sand with Hills and scattered beta and Chigongwe village gravel boulders Bahi 29 Ibihwa 0769508 Some farming and livestock Plain and gentle Open dry woodland with Ad- Clayed sand 9335022 farming slope ansonia 30 Mpamantwa 0764088 Few farming and livestock Plain and slightly hilly Open dry woodland with Ad- Clayed sand 9340526 keeping ansonia 31 Bahi 0757336 Some farming and livestock Plain, seasonal river Open dry woodland with Ad- Clayed sand 9341034 keeping and wetland ansonia digitata 32 Uhelela 0752007 Farming and livestock keep- Plain Open dry woodland with Clay 9346724 ing plenty of Adansonia digitata Singida Manyoni 33 Lusilile 0745247 Farming and livestock keep- Plain Open dry woodland with Clayed sand 9347766 ing plenty of Adansonia digitata 34 Maweni 0735282 Few farms, livestock keep- Plain and seasonal Open dry woodland with Clayed sand 9349960 ing river plenty of Adansonia digitata 35 Chikuyu 0729378 Few farms, livestock keep- Plain and seasonal Open woodland Clayed sand 9351408 ing river 36 Chibumagwa 0721698 Few farms, livestock keep- Steep slope and plain Dense woodland and scat- Clayed sand, 9350164 ing towards Chikuyu tered bushes in some dis- scattered boulders turbed areas 37 Solya 0717097 Some sorghum & millet Plain with steep slope Grasslands with scattered Clayed sand, 9355534 farming and livestock keep- around scrub scattered boulders ing Chibumagwa village

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 38 Muhalala 0708415 Some farming and livestock Plain with gentle Grasslands with dense scrubs Clayed sand 9360438 keeping slope 39 Manyoni Mjini 0705496 Some farming and livestock Plain Grassland and scattered Sandy loam (Kaloleni & 9365336 keeping planted trees like mango trees Mwanzi sub villages) 40 Mitoo juu 0702084 Some farming and livestock Plain Grasslands with scattered Clay, black cotton 9371398 keeping scrub soils 41 Mkwese 0700177 Farming along the line, as Plain Grasslands with scattered Clayed sandy 9377190 the line passes through scrub dense forest Singida Ru- 42 Choda 0695423 No farming along the line, Plain Dense thicket forming im- Clayed sandy ral 9391160 as the line passes through penetrable thickets dense forest 43 Isuna A 0695154 Extensive farming and live- Plain Thickets to scattered trees Sand loam 9402010 stock farming 44 Isuna B 0695534 Extensive farming and live- Plain Wooded Grasslands with Sand loam 9404738 stock farming scattered trees 45 Nkuhi 0696934 Some cultivation Plain Degraded Miombo woodland Sand loam 9409864 into thickets

46 Ulyampiti 0697803 Extensive farming Slightly hilly and Degraded Miombo woodland Clayed sand 9424948 Plain into thickets 47 Muungano 0697235 Extensive maize and rice Plain Scattered scrubs Sandy loam 9429240 farming 48 Ikungi 0696070 Some maize farming Slightly hilly Scattered scrubs Sandy loam 9432456 49 Ighuka 0695999 Some maize farming and Plain Degraded Miombo woodland Sandy loam 9435730 livestock keeping into thickets - some planted trees as well 50 Kipumbwiko 0695392 Some farming and livestock Plain Grassland with some planted Sandy loam 9439176 keeping trees (eucalyptus)

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 51 Nkunikana 0695927 Some farming and livestock Slightly hilly, with Some planted trees and Sand with gravel 9443924 keeping gentle slope grasslands 52 Puma 0694588 Some farming Plain with gentle Grassland with scattered Clayed sand 9446830 slope and dense out trees crop rock 53 Isalanda 0695282 Some farming and livestock Hilly, surrounded by Scattered scrubs Clayed sand 9448420 keeping outcrop rocks 54 Utaho 0693625 Some farming and livestock Hilly, surrounded by Scattered scrubs Clayed sand 9451726 keeping outcrop rocks 55 Kisaki 0695312 Some farming and livestock Hilly, with gentle Grassland with scattered Clayed sand 9457790 keeping slope and out crop bush and planted trees (euca- rocks lyptus) Singida Ur- 56 Kipungua 0695552 Some farming and livestock Hilly, with gentle Scattered scrubs Clayed sand ban 9465160 keeping slope 57 Misuna 0694645 Some farming and livestock Valley and slightly Planted trees and grasslands Clayed sand 9465368 keeping hilly, 58 Mungumaji 0697847 Some farming and livestock Slightly hilly, and Grassland with some planted Clayed sand 9464426 keeping gentle slope towards trees Singida sub station 59 Unyambwa 0701124 Scattered farming Plain Some grassland and planted Sandy 9468520 trees 60 Mkimbii 0701462 Some cultivation and live- Plain, with gentle Some grassland and planted Clayed sand 9475544 stock keeping slope towards Mtipa trees village 61 Mtipa 0696685 Extensive farming and live- Hilly and scattered Some grassland and scat- Sandy loam 9474990 stock farming boulders tered tree Mbuga Plain north of Scrub land with jatropha singidani lake bushes 62 Manga 0689956 Extensive farming, Live- Plain Some planted trees and Sandy loam 9478080 stock keeping bushed grasslands 63 Mnung'una 0686628 Farming, livestock keeping Plain Open combretum woodland Clayed sand 9482498 with scattered scrubs

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 64 Msisi 0684754 Farming, livestock keeping Plain and gentle Open combretum woodland Clayed sand 9485964 slope with scattered scrubs 65 Nkwae 0683522 Farming, livestock keeping Plain Open combretum woodland Clayed sand 9490074 with scattered scrubs 66 Ntondo 0681183 farming, livestock keeping Slightly hilly, valleys Open combretum woodland Sand Clayed loam 9492218 with scattered scrubs Iramba 67 Iguguno 0680375 Extensive farming, livestock Slightly hilly, valleys Bushed Grassland to scat- Sand Loam to 9495114 keeping and affected by soil tered scrubs sand clay erosion 68 Tumuli 0672864 Farming, Livestock keeping Plain with gentle Grassland and Scattered Sand Loam to 9497433 slope trees clay loam 69 Maluga 0668588 Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Bushed Grassland and Scat- Sand Clay 9501172 tered trees 70 Kyengege 0663516 Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Bushes with Scattered trees, Sand loam to Clay 9510618 mango trees and eucalyptus Loam 71 Mgundu 0662255 Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Scattered trees, mango trees Sand loam to clay 9514564 and eucalyptus loam 72 Kitukutu 0658024 Farming, Livestock keeping Plain Scattered trees, mango trees Sand loam to clay 9512904 and eucalyptus loam 73 Ulemo 0655029 Extensive Farming, Live- Plain, hills around Ki- Scattered bushes Sand loam to clay 9612722 stock keeping zaga sec. school loam Plain 74 Misigiri 0648717 Some farming and livestock Flat and slightly hilly Bushed shrub and highly Clayed sand 9514842 keeping Livestock keeping open woodland 75 Kibigiri 0639369 Extensive maize/sorghum Plain ascending into Scattered trees at low plain Course sandy- 9517394 Farming, Livestock keeping sekenke mountain - Beginning of Sekenke forest Clay loam reserve (miombo woodland) 76 Nselembwe 0632413 Extensive maize/sorghum Plain Scattered trees Clay-loam 9518724 Farming, Livestock keeping -Planted Acacia trees 77 Kizonzo 0627311 Farming, Livestock keeping Plain with gentle Scattered trees Loam -clay 9517374 slope

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 78 Mseko 0618097 Maize farming, Livestock Plain Bushed shrubs with Scattered Sand and Loam 9514056 keeping Adansonia digitata trees Tabora Igunga 79 Mgongoro 0615351 Maize farming, Livestock Plain, Wembere Wooded Acacia Grassland Clay-Loam 9515296 keeping Swamp 80 Makomero 0609106 Maize farming, Livestock Plain Descending into Mbuga Grassland plan with Clay- Loam (black 9524836 keeping Wembere swamp scattered dwarf Acacia seyal cotton soil) bushes 81 Mbutu 0599513 Cotton and maize farming, Plain Open Balanite woodland, in- Sand clay -loam 9532092 Livestock keeping some area bushed Acacia Grassland 82 Bukama 0591960 Cotton and maize farming, Plain Bushed Grassland with Aca- Sand loamy 9538210 Livestock keeping cia seyal dominating the woody bush 83 Imalanguzu 0589098 Extensive cotton farming Plain Open Acacia bush land inter- Clay- Loam 9544684 and Livestock keeping rupted by farms 84 Mwamakona 0584393 Extensive cotton and maize Steep slope, Soil Disturbed Acacia -Balanite Clay- Loam, 9549866 farming, Livestock keeping erosion affected area woodland (black cotton soil) 85 Igurubi 0578796 Farming and Livestock Plain and Ng'wa- Bushed Acacia Grassland Clay Loam, highly 9558438 keeping wombe river eroded Shinyanga Kishapu 86 Kalitu 0579900 Farming and Livestock Plain Grassland and scattered Aca- Mbuga area with 9567674 keeping cia bushes clay soil-black cotton soil 87 Kiloleli 0578224 Maize and cotton farming, Valley, escarpment Grassland and scattered aca- Sandy and clay 9573904 Livestock keeping and affected by soil cia shrubs loam-black cotton erosion soil 88 Mwaweja 0576360 Maize, rice and cotton farm- Plain Grassland and scattered aca- Sandy and clay 9586204 ing, Livestock keeping cia shrubs loam-black cotton soil 89 Mwajiginya 0575654 Farming (paddy and maize, Plain and Farmlands with few Acacia Clay-loam (black 9585740 livestock keeping Slightly hilly bush in small section cotton soil) 90 Negezi 0573574 Farming and livestock keep- Plain Scattered scrub Sand, Gravel and 9593200 ing Scattered scrub loamy

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District No. Village Coordinates taken Land Use Physical Character- Vegetation Soils at village office istics 91 Ngunga 0578239 Extensive maize and cotton Slightly hilly and Plain Scattered scrub Sand, Gravel and 9575535 farming and livestock keep- Scattered scrub loamy ing Shinyanga 92 Mwamagunguli 0559485 Extensive maize and cotton Slightly hilly and Plain Thickets intermixed with scat- Loamy Urban 9601068 farming and livestock keep- tered trees (Adensonia digi- ing tata) 93 Ibadakuli 0556474 Farming and Livestock Plain Grassland with scattered Loamy 9599582 keeping trees, particularly (Adensonia digitata) Source: Field Survey, 2008

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Affected Population and Infrastructure

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3-1: Number of Affected Buildings Before/After Transmission Line Re-routing

Houses concerned Region District Village without with difference alternatives Iringa Iringa Urban 1 Igumbilo 7 1 -6 Iringa Rural 2Kigonzile 0 0 Iringa Rural 3 Nduli 0 0 Iringa Rural 4Igingilanyi 8 8 Iringa Rural 5 Kising’a 2 2 Iringa Rural 6Mkungugu 0 0 Iringa Rural 7 Ndolela 0 0 Iringa Rural 8Isimani Tarafani 0 0 Iringa Rural 9Kihorogota 0 0 Iringa Rural 10 Nyang’oro 3 3 Iringa Rural 11Izazi 3 3 Iringa Rural 12Migori- Mtera 25 25 Iringa Rural 13 Makatapora 41 0 -41 Dodoma Mpwapwa 14 Mtera+S/S 125 0 -125 Mpwapwa 15Kisima 50 50 Mpwapwa 16 Chipogoro 10 10 Mpwapwa 17 Seluka 2 2 Chamwino 18 Fufu 0 0 Chamwino 19Manzase 5 5 Chamwino 20 Mloda 0 0 Chamwino 21 Mlowa Barabarani 21 21 Dodoma Urban 22 Nkulabi 10 10 Dodoma Urban 23Mpunguzi 4 4 Dodoma Urban 24Mantumbulu 0 0 Dodoma Urban 25 Mkonze 36 36 Dodoma Urban 26Michese 5 5 Dodoma Urban 27Nala 28 7 -21 Dodoma Urban 28 Chigongwe 8 8 Bahi 29 Ibihwa 16 16 Bahi 30Mpamantwa 5 5 Bahi 31 Bahi 85 0 -85 Bahi 32 Uhelela 3 3 Singida Manyoni 33 Lusilile 10 10 Manyoni 34Maweni 10 10 Manyoni 35 Chikuyu 10 10 Manyoni 36Chibumagwa 0 0 Manyoni 37Solya 16 16 Manyoni 38Muhalala 0 0 Manyoni 39Manyoni Mjini 22 22 Manyoni 40Mitoo juu 6 6 Manyoni 41 Mkwese 0 0 Singida Rural 42 Choda 0 0 Singida Rural 43Isuna A 3 3 Singida Rural 44 Isuna B 10 10 Singida Rural 45Nkuhi 10 10 Singida Rural 46 Ulyam piti 13 13 Singida Rural 47Muungano 0 0 Singida Rural 48 Ikungi Singida Rural 49 Ighuka 19 19 Singida Rural 50 Kipunguiko 5 5 Singida Rural 51Nkunikana 13 13 Singida Rural 52Puma 50 6 -44 Singida Rural 53Isalanda 0 0 Singida Rural 54Utaho 0 0 Singida Rural 55 Kisaki 19 19 continued >>

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Singida Singida Urban 56Kipungua 6 6 0 Singida Urban 57 Misuna Singida Urban 58 Mungumaji Singida Urban 59 Unyambwa Singida Urban 60 Mkimbii Singida Urban 61 Mtipa Singida Rural 62 Manga 172 84 -88 Singida Rural 63Mnung’una 14 14 Singida Rural 64 Msisi 0 0 Singida Rural 65Nkwae 0 0 Singida Rural 66 Ntondo 12 12 Iram ba 67 Iguguno 4 4 Iram ba 68 Tumuli 8 8 Iram ba 69 Maluga 4 4 Iram ba 70 Kyengege 20 4 -16 Iram ba 71 Mgundu 20 0 -20 Iramba 72Kitukutu 20 0 -20 Iram ba 73 Ulemo 10 10 Iramba 74Misigiri 0 0 Iram ba 75 Kibigiri 12 12 Iramba 76Nselembwe 2 2 Iram ba 77 Kizonzo 18 18 Iram ba 78 Mseko 17 17 Tabora Igunga 79 Mgongoro 21 21 Igunga 80Makomero 16 16 Igunga 81 Mbutu 15 15 Igunga 82 Bukama 50 50 Igunga 83Imalanguzu 17 17 Igunga 84 Mwam akona 35 35 Igunga 85 Igurubi 16 16 Shinyanga Kishapu 86Kalitu 6 6 Kishapu 87Kiloleli 10 10 Kishapu 88Ngunga 6 6 Kishapu 89Ngwajiginya 8 8 Kishapu 90Mwaweja 0 0 Kishapu 91 Negezi 32 32 Shinyanga Urban 92Mwamagunguli 3 3 93 12 12 Shinyanga Urban Ibadakuli Sources: Field Survey 2008; Line Routing Maps TM 50, and Google Earth Evaluation

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3.2: Number of Affected Buildings Before / After Transmission Line Re-routing per District and Transmission Line Section

Houses affected District without with diff. alternatives Iringa Urban 7 1 -6 Irigan Ural 82 41 -41 Mpwapwa 187 62 -125 Chamwino 26 26 0 Dodoma Urban 91 70 -21 Bahi 109 24 -85 Manyoni 74 74 0 Singida Urban 178 90 -88 Singida Rural 168 124 -44 Iramba 135 79 -56 Igunga 170 170 0 Kishapu 62 62 0 Shinyanga Urban 15 15 0 Total 1.304 838 -466

Houses concerned Transmission Line without with Section diff. alternatives Iringa - Dodoma 352 180 -172 Dodoma - Singida 366 216 -150 Singida -Shinyanga 586 442 -144 Total 1.304 838 -466

Sources: Field Survey 2008; Line Routing Maps TM 50, and Google Earth Evaluation

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3.3: Average Land Size Cultivated per Household along the Proposed Line

Average size of farms of households in- Average Size (Acres per terviewed; per district household cluster Households Frequency Farm Household)

Iringa Urban 12 92% 3.5 Iringa Rural 163 92% 8.6 Mpwapwa 90 97% 11.9 Chamwino 63 86% 8.9 Dodoma Urban 136 99% 5.5 Bahi 61 95% 5.3 Manyoni 84 99% 6.5 Singida Rural 81 99% 4.8 Singida Urban 31 84% 5.0 Iramba 69 99% 9.7 Igunga 45 100% 28.9 Kishapu 21 91% 14.1 Shinyanga Urban 40 98% 14.1 Total Average * 896 95% 9.0 * excluding Households without farming from the analysis Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008

Average Farm Size per Village Cluster (13 Districts)

40,0

28,9 30,0

20,0 14,1 14,1 11,9 8,6 8,9 9,7 9,0 10,0 6,5 5,5 5,3 5,0 3,5 4,8 Mean Acres per Farm Mean Acres 0,0

l i i a o h n al n n wa an a o r a a an ur p in rb B u rb rb e R a w U ny R U U Urban w m a Iramba Igunga a M ida Kishapu ha m ida otal M Mp C Iringa o ing T Iringa od S D Sing Shinyanga District Village Cluster

Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey, 2008

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3.4: Total Village Population located in the Project Area

Region District Ward Village Male Female Total

Iringa Iringa Urban Ruaha Igumbilo 1050 1250 2300 Iringa Rural Nduli Igilinganyi* 700 813 1513 Nduli 1800 2200 4000 Mkungugu 792 961 1753 Kising'a 500 1000 1500 Izazi Izazi 986 1360 2246 Makatapola 1821 1761 4553 Kihorogota Ndolela 420 496 916 Kihogorota 700 874 1574 Isimani Tarafani Isimani Tarafani 870 1055 1925 Nyang'oro Nyang'oro 897 1020 1923 Kigonzile Kigonzile 771 821 1592 Migori Mtera -Migori 3135 3350 6485 Dodoma Mpwapwa Mlunduzi Seluka 1347 1554 2901 Rudi Mtera staff 3048 3175 6223 Mlunduzi Chipogoro 3200 3328 6528 Rudi Kisima 2900 3220 6120 Chamwino Fufu Fufu 1038 1298 2336 Manzase Manzase 2700 4300 7000 Makangwa Mloda 2608 2715 5323 Makangwa Mlowa Barabarani 3816 4016 7832 Dodoma Urban Mpunguzi Nkulabi 2215 3635 5850 Mpunguzi 4020 4189 8209 Matumbulu 2167 3178 5345 Nala Nala 2046 3063 5109 Chigongwe 2300 3089 5380 Mkonze Michese 3780 4220 8000 Mkonze 4312 4570 8882 Bahi Bahi Uhelela 980 1074 2054 Bahi Sokoni 4779 5072 9851 Mpamantwa Mpamantwa 1676 2864 4543 Ibihwa Ibihwa 2829 3249 6078 Singida Manyoni Solya Solya 536 727 1263 Manyoni Manyoni Mjini (Kaloleni & Mitoo 931 1109 2040 Chini) Muhalala 1323 1451 2774 Sasajila Chibumagwa 1567 2460 4027 Maweni Maweni 1193 1341 2544 Chikuyu Chikuyu 1782 2215 3997 Mitoo juu 270 367 637 Mkwese 1,323 1,451 2,774 Kitinku Lusilile 1877 2109 3986 Singida Rural Puma Puma 1613 1827 3440 Isalanda 381 504 883 Utaho 891 913 1804 Nkunikana 966 2046 3012 Issuna Nkuhi 1487 1512 2999 Choda 500 550 1050 Issuna B 2320 2500 4520

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Region District Ward Village Male Female Total

Issuna A 1188 1214 2402 Ikungi Ulyampiti 1043 1048 2091 Ikungi 2010 2319 4329 Muungano 633 637 1270 Msisi Mnung'una 634 698 1332 Msisi 1055 1115 2170 Ntondo 980 1030 2010 Nkwae 1003 1160 2163 Unyamikumbi Kisaki 1320 1716 3036 Dunguaji Kipumbwiko 1090 1004 2094 Ikungi Ighuka 1103 1100 2203 Kinyeto Mkimbii 1100 1600 2700 Mungumaji Mungumaji 1511 1701 3272 Singida Urban Mtipa Mtipa 1529 1719 3248 Manga 1018 2232 3250 Majengo Misuna 650 770 1720 Kipungua 380 404 774 Unyambwa Unyambwa 1584 1816 3400 Iramba Kyengege Mgundu 830 912 1742 Kyengege 1068 1900 2968 Shelui Nselembwa 4392 5031 9423 Mseko 1968 2036 4004 Kizongo 1649 1824 3473 Ulemo Kitukutu 1354 1450 2804 Misigiri 1700 2960 4660 Shelui Kibigiri 1737 1946 3683 Iguguno Tumuli 1443 1745 3188 Iguguno 4065 4469 8534 Ulemo Ulemo 1392 1548 3840 Kinampanda Maluga 1064 1596 2660 Tabora Igunga Mwanashimba Mwanakoma 834 862 1696 Imalanguzi 1024 1430 2454 Mbutu Bukama 1500 1555 3055 Mbutu 3219 3510 6729 Igunga Mgongoro 1925 2300 4225 Makomero 1897 1961 3858 Igurubi 3250 3520 6770 Shin- Kishapu Ukenyenge Mwajiginya 906 930 1836 yanga Negezi 916 954 1870 Mwaweja 711 824 1535 Ngofilo Katitu 462 770 1232 Taraga Nguga 1391 1422 2813 Kiloleli Kiloleli 1463 1545 3008 Shinyanga Ur- Kolandoto Mwamagunguli 1357 1934 3291 ban Ibadakuli Ibadakuli 2123 2889 5012

Sources: Population and Housing Census, 2002

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3.5: Social and Cultural Infrastructures in the concerned Villages

Health Centre District District Village Primary school Secondary School Vocational Training Centre Religion inf. Public buildingVillage Market Police Prison Association building Cemetery

Iringa Mu- Igumbilo 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 nicipal Total 1 0 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Iringa Rural Kigonzile 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nduli 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Igingilanyi 1 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Mkungugu 1 0 0 0 8 1 12 4 Kising'a 1 0 0 1 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 Isimani Ta- 1 0 0 0 7 2 2 1 0 0 1 1 rafani Ndolela 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 Kihorogota 1 0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 Nyang'oro 1 0 0 1 5 5 Izazi 1 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Migori- Mtera 1 1 1 1 10 2 2 0 1 0 2 2 Makatapora 1 1 0 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 Total 12 3 3 5 76 7 24 1 1 0 6 28 Mpwapwa Mtera 2 1 0 2 10 7 0 0 1 0 1 1 Kisima 3 0 0 1 16 0 9 0 0 0 0 11 Chipogoro 2 1 0 1 7 1 3 1 1 0 1 5 Seluka 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Total 8 2 0 5 37 8 13 1 2 0 3 18 Chamwino Fufu 1 1 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Manzase 2 1 0 1 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Mloda 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 Mlowa Bara- 3 1 0 1 14 0 5 1 0 0 1 4 barani Total 7 3 0 4 32 0 8 2 0 0 1 8 Dodoma Nkulabi 1 0 0 1 15 0 7 0 0 0 0 4 Urban Mpunguzi 2 1 0 1 14 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 Mantumbulu 2 0 0 1 15 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Mkonze 1 1 0 1 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Michese 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 Nala 2 1 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Chigongwe 3 0 0 1 8 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 Total 12 3 0 6 72 2 14 4 0 0 1 12 Bahi Ibihwa 2 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Mpamantwa 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Bahi Sokoni 3 1 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 Uhelela 1 0 0 0 2 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 Total 7 3 0 3 19 0 14 0 0 0 0 5

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Health Centre District Village Primary school Secondary School Vocational TrainingCentre Religion inf. Public buildingVillage Market Police Prison Association building Cemetery

Manyoni Lusilile 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 3 Maweni 1 0 0 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 Chikuyu 2 1 0 5 0 8 0 1 1 2 3 Chibumagwa 1 1 0 1 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 Solya 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 Muhalala 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Manyoni Mjini 2 2 0 2 6 1 1 1 0 1 0 2 Mitoo juu 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mkwese 2 2 1 1 12 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 Total 12 6 2 8 46 5 20 1 1 2 5 16 Singida Ru- Choda 1 0 0 1 6 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 ral Isuna A 2 0 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 Isuna B 2 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Nkuhi 2 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Ulyampiti 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Muungano 1 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Ikungi 1 1 0 1 7 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 Ighuka 1 1 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Kipumbwiko 1 1 0 0 6 1 6 0 0 0 1 1 Nkunikana 1 1 0 0 7 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Puma 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 Isalanda 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 Utaho 1 1 0 0 12 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Kisaki 2 1 0 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Mnung'una 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Msisi 1 1 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Nkwae 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 Ntondo 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Total 21 10 1 8 100 6 32 4 1 0 2 9 Singida Ur- Kipungua 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ban Misuna 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Mungumaji 3 1 0 1 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Unyambwa 1 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Mkimbii 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Mtipa 1 1 0 1 7 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 Manga 1 1 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 Total 9 5 0 4 42 1 8 3 2 0 3 0 Iramba Iguguno 1 1 1 1 10 4 2 1 1 0 0 3 Tumuli 1 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Maluga 1 1 0 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Kyengege 1 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Mgundu 1 0 0 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 Kitukutu 1 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 2 0

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Health Centre District Village Primary school Secondary School Vocational TrainingCentre Religion inf. Public buildingVillage Market Police Prison Association building Cemetery

Ulemo 1 0 0 1 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 Misigiri 3 1 0 1 7 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 Kibigiri 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Nselembwe 3 1 0 1 14 3 2 2 1 0 1 0 Kizonzo 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Mseko 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 2 Total 17 6 1 6 75 8 26 4 3 0 5 12 Igunga Mgongoro 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Makomero 1 0 0 1 7 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 Mbutu 1 1 0 1 8 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 Bukama 1 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Imalanguzi 1 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 1 Mwamakona 1 0 0 1 3 4 1 1 0 0 1 0 Igurubi 2 1 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 1 1 4 Total 8 2 0 4 39 5 15 1 1 1 4 8 Kishapu Kalitu 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Kiloleli 1 1 0 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 Mwaweja 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 Mwajiginya 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Negezi 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 Ngunga 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 Total 6 2 1 2 13 2 7 0 1 1 9 1 Shinyanga Mwamagunguli 2 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Municipal Ibadakuli 1 1 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 Total 3 2 0 2 13 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 GRAND TOTAL 123 47 8 58 570 44 185 22 12 4 40 118 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

Out of these 1231 Infrastructures, only 7 will be affected by the new line (with line routing alternatives) which is less than 1%.

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 3.6: Energy and Water Sources Available in the Villages along the Transmission Line

Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources

Iringa Iringa Urban Igurubi Electricity From TANESCO Tap water Iringa Rural Igingilanyi Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes / Tap water Nduli Electricity From TANESCO Wells Mkungugu Diesel Generator/Solar Boreholes/dam Kising'a Diesel Generator/Solar Tap water/ Wells Izazi Diesel Generator Tap water/ Boreholes Makatapola Electricity From TANESCO River/ Boreholes Ndolela no source of Electricity Tap water Kihogorota no source of Electricity Tap water Isimani Tarafani no source of Electricity Tap water Nyang'oro Diesel Generator Tap water Kigonzile Diesel Generator Wells /River Mtera -Migori Electricity From TANESCO Tap water Dodoma Mpwapwa Seluka Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Tap water Mtera staff Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes/ River Chipogoro Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Boreholes/dam Kisima Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/Boreholes Chamwino Fufu Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells Manzase Solar Panels/ Biomass Wells Mloda Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels River, Lakes Mlowa Barabarani Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells/ Boreholes Dodoma Ur- Nkulabi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Dam ban Mpunguzi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes Matumbulu Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells/ Boreholes Nala Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells Chigongwe Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/River Michese Diesel Generator/ Biomass Wells Mkonze No Electricity Tap water/River, Lakes Bahi Uhelela Diesel Generator Wells /River Bahi Sokoni Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes Mpamantwa Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells Ibihwa No of Electricity Boreholes Singida Manyoni Solya Diesel Generator Boreholes Manyoni Mjini (Kaloleni Electricity From TANESCO Tap water & Mitoo chini Muhalala No electricity Wells/ Boreholes Chibumagwa Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells/ Boreholes Maweni Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes Chikuyu Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes Mitoo-juu No Electricity Wells Mkwese Diesel Generator Wells / Borehole / Tap water Lusilile Diesel Generator/Solar panel Boreholes

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Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources

Singida Rural Puma Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes Isalanda Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes Utaho Electricity From TANESCO Wells/ River Nkunikana No Electricity Wells/ Boreholes Nkuhi Diesel Generator River/ Tap water Choda Solar Panels Wells Issuna B Electricity From TANESCO / Die- Wells sel Generator Issuna A No of electricity Wells /Boreholes Ulyampiti no source of electricity Boreholes Ikungi Electricity From TANESCO Tap water Muungano no electricity Wells Mnung'una no electricity Boreholes Msisi Electricity From TANESCO River, Lakes Ntondo no electricity Boreholes Nkwae no electricity River, Lakes Kisaki no electricity Wells/Boreholes Kipumbwiko Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes Ighuka Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes Singida Ur- Mtipa Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes ban Manga Diesel Generator Tap water Mkimbii Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes Mungumaji Diesel Generator Wells/Boreholes Misuna no electricity Tap water Kipungua no electricity River, Lakes Unyambwa Diesel Generator Wells/ Boreholes Iramba Mgundu Diesel Generator Wells /Boreholes Kyengege Electricity From TANESCO Boreholes Nselembwa no electricity Tap water Mseko no electricity Wells Kizonzo Solar Panels Depend on nearly village Kitukutu No electricity Wells Misigiri Diesel Generator River Kibigiri No electricity Tap water Tumuli Electric From TANESCO Tap water Iguguno No electricity Wells/Tap water Ulemo Micro Hydro Wells Maluga Diesel Generator Boreholes Tabora Igunga Mwanakoma No electricity River Imalanguzi Diesel Generator/Solar Panels River, Wells Bukama Diesel Generator River Mbutu No electricity River Mgongoro No electricity Wells Makomero Diesel Generator/ Wells/ Boreholes Igurubi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels River

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Region District Village Energy Type Water Sources

Shin- Kishapu Mwajiginya Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Boreholes, River yanga Negezi Diesel Generator/ Solar Panels Wells Mwaweja No electricity Rivers Shinyanga Ibadakuli TANESCO/Diesel Generator Boreholes Urban Kishapu Katitu Diesel Generator River, Lakes Nguga no electricity River, Lakes Kiloleli no electricity Wells Shinyanga Mwamagunguli no electricity Wells/ Boreholes Urban Diesel Generator Tap water Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

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Annex 3.7: District Average Annual Income per Household

Indicative Average Annual Number of Responding Percentage of House- Income per Household (TSh) Districts Households holds Responding with Income statements only Iringa Urban 9 69.2% 930,444 Iringa Rural 125 70.2% 1,115,340 Mpwapwa 82 88.2% 879,090 Chamwino 69 94.5% 942,174 Dodoma Urban 117 84.8% 768,863 Bahi 57 89.1% 704,188 Manyoni 72 84.7% 569,056 Singida Rural 71 86.6% 1,035,000 Singida Urban 30 81.1% 1,444,400 Iramba 64 91.4% 978,032 Igunga 43 95.6% 1,198,372 Kishapu 23 100.0% 1,144,861 Shinyanga Urban 38 92.7% 1,176,721 Average 800 84.9% 947,429 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

Annex 3.8: Education Level of Household Members

Education Level Percent None 28.8 Primary school 35.0 Secondary 2.7 College 0.4 Technical/vocational 0.3 Attending primary school 24.7 Primary school dropout 2.6 Drop-out secondary 0.5 Attending secondary school 4.7 University 0.1 Adult Education 0.2 Nursery School 0.0 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

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Annex 3.9: Type of Houses Based on Wall Material per District (% of Houses)

Polls Sun- Grass Coconut and dried Burnt Cement and Cardboard/ leaves/ District mud bricks bricks blocks mud cartons Stonewalls Grass Timber Mud Iringa Ur- 46.2 15.4 38.5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 ban Iringa Ru- 44.4 22.5 24.7 .0 0.6 .0 .0 0.6 .0 7.3 ral Mpwapwa 68.8 10.8 12.9 1.1 1.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 5.4 Cham- 84.9 4.1 2.7 .0 1.4 .0 1.4 .0 1.4 4.1 wino Dodoma 59.4 29.0 0.7 6.5 2.2 0.7 .0 .0 .0 1.4 Urban Bahi 26.6 62.5 6.3 1.6 1.6 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.6 Manyoni 32.9 54.1 5.9 1.2 1.2 .0 .0 .0 1.2 3.5 Singida 41.5 32.9 9.8 4.9 1.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 9.8 Rural Singida 27.0 43.2 5.4 24.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Urban Iramba 30.0 54.3 12.9 1.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.4 Igunga 31.1 64.4 2.2 2.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Kishapu 34.8 60.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.3 Shin- 19.5 70.7 4.9 4.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 yanga Ur- ban

Total 45.9 35.5 10.1 3.1 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.9 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

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Annex 3.10: Type of Houses based on roofing materials per District (% of Houses)

Corru- Corru- Grass gated gated Tin or and iron sheets Con- Coconut metal Grass District Grass plastics sheets and tiles Plastics Tiles crete leaves sheets and mud Iringa 16.5 .0 76.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 7.7 .0 Urban Iringa 15.7 2.2 53.9 .6 .6 .0 .0 1.7 9.0 16.3 Rural Mpwapw 10.8 1.1 30.1 .0 3.2 .0 .0 .0 1.1 53.8 a Cham- 39.7 1.4 15.1 4.1 4.1 .0 1.4 4.1 .0 30.1 wino Dodoma 5.8 .0 53.6 1.4 1.4 .0 .0 .0 2.9 34.8 Urban Bahi 14.1 3.1 32.8 .0 4.7 .0 .0 .0 7.8 37.5 Manyoni 9.5 1.2 60.0 .0 3.5 .0 1.2 1.2 8.2 15.3 Singida 6.1 .0 53.7 .0 1.2 .0 .0 .0 8.5 30.5 Rural Singida 2.7 .0 62.2 .0 2.7 2.7 .0 .0 13.5 16.2 Urban Iramba 7.1 2.9 28.6 .0 7.1 .0 .0 .0 7.1 47.1 Igunga 17.8 .0 24.4 .0 4.4 .0 .0 .0 6.7 46.7 Kishapu 13.0 4.3 8.7 .0 13.0 .0 .0 .0 4.3 56.5 Shin- 17.1 .0 39.0 .0 2.4 .0 .0 .0 4.9 36.6 yanga Urban

Total 13.0 1.3 43.2 0.6 3.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 6.1 31.7 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

Annex 3.11: Type of Houses based on Floor Material per District (% of Houses)

Cement and District Mud Cement Floor tiles Timber Mud and Cement Floor tiles Iringa Urban 53.8 30.8 7.7 .0 7.7 .0 Iringa Rural 71.9 25.3 .6 .6 1.7 .0 Mpwapwa 87 11.8 2.2 .0 .0 .0 Chamwino 90.0 6.8 1.4 .0 1.4 .0 Dodoma Urban 69.6 29.0 .0 .0 1.4 .0 Bahi 79.7 17.2 1.6 1.6 .0 .0 Manyoni 68.2 29.4 1.2 .0 .0 1.2 Singida Rural 81.7 17.1 1.2 .0 .0 .0 Singida Urban 54.1 37.8 2.7 .0 .0 5.4 Iramba 84.3 12.9 2.9 .0 .0 .0 Igunga 91.1 8.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 Kishapu 95.7 4.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 Shinyanga Urban 73.2 24.4 2.4 .0 .0 .0

Total 76.9 20.5 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

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Annex 3.12: Type of Toilet Facilities per District (% of Facilities)

District Flush Toilet Pit latrine VIP Pit latrine None Iringa Urban 7.7 92.3 0 Iringa Rural 2.2 1.7 95.5 0.6 Mpwapwa 1.1 0 98.9 0 Chamwino 0 0 100.0 0 Dodoma Urban 2.2 13.8 81.2 2.9 Bahi 4.7 4.7 90.6 0 Manyoni 5.9 4.7 89.4 0 Singida Rural 1.2 1.2 97.6 0 Singida Urban 18.9 2.7 78.4 0 Iramba 4.3 0 92.9 2.9 Igunga 11.1 0 86.7 2.2 Kishapu 17.4 0 82.6 0 Shinyanga Urban 14.6 0 85.4 0 Total 4.6 3.3 91.3 0.8 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

Annex 3.13: Main Energy Source Used per District (% of Households)

District Kerosene Candle Electricity Gas lamp Solar Energy Fuel wood Iringa Urban 92.3 0 7.7 0 0 0 Iringa Rural 97.8 0.6 1.1 0 0.6 0 Mpwapwa 2.2 21.5 33.3 3.2 39.8 Chamwino 1.4 26.0 30.1 2.7 39.7 Dodoma Urban 98.6 1.4 0 0 0 0 Bahi 31.3 4.7 14.1 0 0 50.0 Manyoni 1.2 1.2 7.1 0 0 90.6 Singida Rural 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 Singida Urban 78.4 0 21.6 0 0 0 Iramba 94.3 0 5.7 0 0 0 Igunga 35.6 0 2.2 37.8 11.1 13.3 Kishapu 0 4.3 30.4 26.1 39.1 Shinyanga Urban 0 2.4 4.9 2.4 12.2 78.0 Total 57.2 5.1 9.1 3.0 2.0 23.6 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

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Annex 3.14: Main Source of Cooking Fuel per Project Area (% of Households)

Other Bio- District Fuel wood Charcoal mass Kerosene Gas Electricity Iringa Urban 92.3 7.7 0 0 0 0 Iringa Rural 96.6 3.4 0 0 0 0 Mpwapwa 94.6 3.2 2.2 0 0 Chamwino 89.0 9.6 0 1.4 0 Dodoma Urban 84.8 14.5 0 0.7 0 0 Bahi 95.3 3.1 1.6 0 0 0 Manyoni 98.8 0 0 1.2 Singida Rural 86.6 13.4 0 0 0 0 Singida Urban 62.2 37.8 0 0 0 0 Iramba 92.9 5.7 0 1.4 0 0 Igunga 88.9 11.1 0 0 0 Kishapu 87.0 4.3 0 4.3 0 4.3 Shinyanga Urban 92.7 0 2.4 0 0 4.9 Total 90.9 6.8 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

Annex 3.15: Utilisation of Drinking Water Sources per Project Area (% of House- holds)

Pipe Pipe inside outside Communal Covered Uncovered District house house stand pipe River Stream Borehole well well Dam Spring Iringa Urban 15.4 15.4 23.1 0 7.7 0 0 30.8 0 0 Iringa Rural 4.5 23.6 34.8 1 0 2.8 0 25.3 7.9 0 Mpwapwa 2.2 12.9 67.7 6.5 0 0 7.5 3.2 0 Chamwino 1.4 26.0 30.1 2.7 0 0 39.7 0 0 Dodoma Ur- 4.3 7.2 13.0 3.6 3.6 9.4 1.4 57.2 0 0 ban Bahi 0 12.5 60.9 12.5 0 0 0 14.1 0 0 Manyoni 0 3.5 90.5 4.7 0 0 1.2 Singida Rural 0 4.9 36.6 0 0 19.5 2.4 32.9 3.7 Singida Urban 10.8 35.1 21.6 0 0 27.0 0 5.4 0 0 Iramba 2.9 7.1 2.9 2.9 0 50.0 0 31.4 1.4 1.4 Igunga 0 2.2 11.1 53.3 0 20.0 11.1 0 Kishapu 0 8.7 0 73.9 0 0 17.4 0 Shinyanga 2.4 2.4 2.4 0 0 82.9 0 0 7.3 2.4 Urban

Total 2.9 12.6 34.6 3.1 1.4 8.3 0.4 24.7 3.3 0.5 Source: Socioeconomic Field Survey 2008

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Annex 4

Comparison of Tanzanian Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation

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Annex 4: Comparison of Tanzanian Law and World Bank Op 4.12 Regarding Compensation

Category of PAPs and Types of Loss Tanzanian Law World Bank OP 4.12 of Assets Land Owners Cash compensation based upon market value under statute or Land for Land, distur- Recommends land-for-land compensation. bance and transport allowances, loss of profits or accommodation, cost of acquiring or Other compensation is at replacement cost. obtaining the said land, any other immediate costs or capital expenditure on the development of the said land. Compensation must be prompt with delays incurring interest at market rates. Land Tenants Entitled to compensation based on the amount of rights they hold upon land under rele- PAPS are entitled to some form of compen- vant laws. Illegal tenants not entitled to compensation sation regardless of the nature of their occupancy (legal/illegal) Land Users • In some cases land users have some form of secured tenure extended to them un- Entitled to compensation for crops, may be der new laws. In other cases land users are not entitled to compensation for land. entitled to replacement land and income must • Entitled to compensation for crops and any other economic assets. be restored to at least pre-project levels. • Land for Land Owners of Tempo- Cash compensation based on valuation, disturbance allowance or entitled to new Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash rary Buildings equivalent structure based on market value. compensation at full replacement cost including labor and relocation expenses, prior to displacement. Owners of Perma- Cash Compensation is based on market value or cost of putting up equivalent structure Entitled to in-kind compensation or cash nent buildings at the time of valuation. Disturbance allowance. compensation at full replacement cost including labor and relocati on expenses, prior to displacement. Perennial Crops Cash compensation at market value based upon historical records. Rates for each crop established by the Valuation Division in Ministry of Lands and Human Settlements.

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Annex 5

Routing Alternatives

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Annex 5: Routing Alternatives

Land cover / land use Changes of structures (km length of line) Estimated Costs / Savings (TEUR)

Area / villages Alternative

concerned AT kmlength line*** of houses affected other valuable structures affected cropland settlement / forest woodland valuable habitats of Change towers leave Way area lenght Line Houses Other assets Total old 3,6 1,6 0,7 0,4 1 Igumbilo new -3 0,1 -6 1,6 0,2 0,2 -230 1 35 -18 0 -212 old 25,7 0 4,5 1,7 1,5 2 Makatapora-Mtera new -2 -13,3 -166 1,9 410 -14 -4.655 -498 0 -4.757 old 12,5 WB, PC, WT 1,7 3 Nala new -1 0,8 -21 0,5 0,4 -80 6 280 -63 -160 -17 old 16,2 Ch, Mi, SS * 1,3 4 Bahi ** new 1,8 -85 1,8 70 10 613 -255 -50 387 old 8,0 WT 2,2 1,8 5 Puma-Isalanda new 0,6 -44 1,1 140 4 210 -132 -50 172 old 27,8 Di 7,8 9,9 0,4 6 Singida S/S-Manga new -3,8 -88 9,5 4,7 0,6 50 -5 -1.365 -264 -50 -1.634 old 20,4 PS, SS 20,4 20,4 7 Kitusha-Kizaga new 0,3 -56 ? ? 0 1 105 -168 -450 -512 Sum recommended alternatives -6 -13,6 -466 360 2 -4.778 -1.398 -760 -6.573

Legend old line routing as accepted by Ch Church average land /ha 200 Church 20.000 TANESCO Di Dispensary average house 3.000 Dispensary 50.000 new proposed line routing alternative Mi Mission normal tower 50.000 Primary court 10.000 ** Alternative developed with respect PC Primary court AT < = 30° 80.000 Primary school 150.000 to the Masterplan for the PS Primary school AT > 30-60° 150.000 Second. school 300.000 Development of the District Capital SS * Secondary school (teachers houses) AT > 60° 250.000 Water tower 50.000 *** old: lenght old line; new: difference WB Weighbridge 1 km line 350.000 Weighbridge 100.000 new line - old line WT Water tower add. for long spans 1.200.000 Teachers house 10.000

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Annex 6

Coordinates of Routing Alternatives

400 kV Transmission Line Project Iringa - Dodoma - Singida - Shinyanga MVV decon ♦ IRA Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

Annex 6: Coordinates of Routing Alternatives

UTM Coordinates

Alternative Towers Angle E N Annotations Remarks 1 Igumbilo S/S 801,030 9,138,070 Gantry Planning conflicts A1 35° 800,960 9,138,200 new AT between Ministry of A2 80° 800,960 9,138,920 new AT Education and A3 40° 802,740 9,139,230 new AT Municipal Iringa have A4 40° 803,020 9,139,580 new AT been resolved T12 802,900 9,141,200 next AT 2Makatapora- T196 802,000 9,205,500 last AT Mtera T231 10° 814,600 9,211,100 old AT, angle changed No connection to S/S A1 20° 817,650 9,213,250 new AT Mtera, overspanning A2 15° 818,300 9,214,950 new AT Lake Mtera for 1000 T295 824,900 9,217,200 old AT, angle changed m + 600 m T300 826,400 9,218,700 next AT 3 Nala T7 795,900 9,316,200 last AT T23 795,100 9,322,900 old AT changed to T A 55° 794,700 9,325,000 new AT, in line T7-T23 T54 30° 784,900 9,330,000 old AT, angle changed T63 781,100 9,330,100 next AT 4 Bahi T83 774,200 9,334,200 last AT T113 50° 762,400 9,334,300 old AT, angle changed No conflict with Bahi A 55° 758,500 9,345,000 new AT Municipal Master Plan T151 50° 749,100 9,346,200 old AT, angle changed T154 748,300 9,345,900 next AT 5 T458 695,900 9,438,100 last AT Puma-Isalanda T475 45° 695,200 9,444,900 old T changed to AT B 45° 697,000 9,447,600 new AT T496 5° 696,200 9,452,800 old AT, angle changed T510 695,800 9,458,200 next AT 6Singida S/S- T1 695,000 9,464,900 last AT Crossing of water Manga T7 75° 696,850 9,464,800 new AT W of T7 reserve area (400 m), A1 40° 700,200 9,473,700 new AT further investi-gations A2 40° 699,800 9,474,600 new AT / negotia-tions with T42 35° 689,400 9,479,400 old AT, angle changed water authority T106 672,100 9,498,000 next AT necessary 7 T115 670,000 9,500,400 last AT Kitusha-Kizaga T136 35° 667,050 9,509,250 new AT, in line T115-132 T147 20° 663,200 9,512,400 new AT T157 20° 659,000 9,513,900 new AT T170 25° 653,000 9,513,900 new AT T180 15° 650,000 9,515,000 new AT T197 643,000 9,516,400 next AT Legend: • Old T / AT tower position originally accepted by TANESCO • New T / AT new tower position ofalternatvies proposed.

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