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Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies

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Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies Series Editor: Oliver P. Richmond, Professor, School of International Relations, University of St Andrews Editorial Board: Roland Bleiker, University of Queensland, Australia; Henry F. Carey, Georgia State University, USA; Costas Constantinou, University of Keele, UK; A.J.R. Groom, University of Kent, UK; Vivienne Jabri, King’s College London, UK; Edward Newman, University of Birmingham, UK; Sorpong Peou, Sophia University, Japan; Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, University of Sheffield, UK; Professor Michael Pugh, University of Bradford, UK; Chandra Sriram, University of East London, UK; Ian Taylor, University of St Andrews, UK; Alison Watson, University of St Andrews, UK; R.B.J. Walker, University of Victoria, Canada; Andrew Williams, University of St Andrews, UK. Titles include: Susanne Buckley-Zistel CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN UGANDA Remembering after Violence Jason Franks RETHINKING THE ROOTS OF TERRORISM Vivienne Jabri WAR AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF GLOBAL POLITICS James Ker-Lindsay EU ACCESSION AND UN PEACEKEEPING IN CYPRUS Roger MacGinty NO WAR, NO PEACE The Rejuvenation of Stalled Peace Processes and Peace Accords Carol McQueen HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AND SAFETY ZONES Iraq, Bosnia and Rwanda Sorpong Peou INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRACY ASSISTANCE FOR PEACEBUILDING The Cambodian Experience Sergei Prozorov UNDERSTANDING CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EU The Limits of Integration Oliver P. Richmond THE TRANSFORMATION OF PEACE Bahar Rumelili CONSTRUCTING REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ORDER Europe and Southeast Asia Chandra Lekha Sriram PEACE AS GOVERNANCE Stephan Stetter WORLD SOCIETY AND THE MIDDLE EAST Reconstructions in Regional Politics Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies Series Standing Order ISBN 978--1--4039--9575--9 (hardback) & 978--1--4039--9576--6 (paperback) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Conflict Transformation and Social Change in Uganda Remembering after Violence Susanne Buckley-Zistel Otto-Suhr-Institut fur¨ Politikwissenschaft, Free University Berlin, Germany © Susanne Buckley-Zistel 2008 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-0-230-53762-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-35930-1 ISBN 978-0-230-58403-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230584037 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Buckley-Zistel, Susanne, 1969– Conflict transformation and social change in Uganda : remembering after violence / Susanne Buckley-Zistel. p. cm. — (Rethinking peace and conflict studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Social conflict—Uganda. 2. Social conflict—Uganda—Teso Region. 3. Conflict management—Uganda. 4. Social change—Uganda. I. Title. HN794.Z9S623 2008 303.62096761—dc22 2008016309 10987654321 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 To Coady and Ben This page intentionally left blank Contents Abbreviations ix Glossary x Interviewees xi Acknowledgements xviii Introduction 1 Analysing the termination of violent conflicts and social change 3 The structure of the book 5 Methodology 11 1 Violent Conflicts and Their Termination 12 Violent conflicts in Africa 13 Different approaches to terminating violent conflicts 15 2 Inventing War and Peace 30 Inventing war 31 Inventing peace 38 A hermeneutic framework for analysis 51 3 Effective History and the Beginning of the Teso Insurgency 54 The Teso region of Uganda 54 Colonialism in Teso 57 Independent Uganda 63 The beginning of the insurgency 65 Uganda under Museveni 69 4 Mediation and the Creation of Peace in Teso 74 Mediation in Teso 76 Mediation and the end of the insurgency 92 vii viii Contents 5 Narrating the Cause of the Teso Insurgency 95 Poverty, disillusion and anger 96 Narratives, identity and memory 98 Competing narratives in Teso 99 6 Facing Past and Future after the Teso Insurgency 111 The Mukura memorial 111 Inventing Papa Emorimor 117 Teso in-between war and peace 121 7 Conflict Termination and the Absence of Transformation in Teso 123 Identities, remembering, closure and power 124 Limits of traditional conflict management 131 8 Dealing with the Past of Violent Conflicts 133 Transitional justice 133 Reconciliation 138 Unification 141 Notes 146 Bibliography 171 Index 186 Abbreviations CA Constituent Assembly CP Conservative Party DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DP Democratic Party FOBA Fight Obote Back Again GTZ German Technical Co-operation ICC International Criminal Court ICTR International Crime Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Crime Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia IMF International Monetary Fund LC Local Council LDU Local Defence Unit LRA Lord’s Resistance Army NRA National Resistance Army NRM National Resistance Movement NV New Vision PCT Presidential Commission for Teso RC Resistance Council RDC Resident District Commissioner RPA Rwandese Patriotic Army RPF Rwandese Patriotic Front UNLA Uganda National Liberation Army UNLF Uganda National Liberation Front UPA Uganda People’s Army UPC Uganda People’s Congress UPDF Uganda People’s Defence Forces UPF Uganda People’s Front ix Glossary Region People Teso Iteso (general and plural), Etesot (sing. male), Ateso (sing. and plural female) and Kumam Kitgum Acholi Gulu Acholi Karamoja Various Karamojong communities Ankole Banyankole (plural), Munyankole (sing.) Buganda Baganda (plural), Muganda (sing.) Lango Langi x Interviewees Interviewee Date Place Organisation Position Janet Abaru 24.03.2000 Kamuda, Peasant Soroti district Max Acharu 10.04.2000 Kumi Elder, former LC4 chairman Terence Achia 14.04.2000 Moroto town Local Council Chairman Moroto district (LC5) Edegu Adiolo 22.03.2000 Arapai, Soroti Local Council Chairwoman district (LC3) for Arapai Mary Adongo 24.03.2000 Kamuda, Peasant Soroti district Basil Ajotu 10.04.2000 Kumi Elder Grace Akello 06.01.2000 Portsmouth Government Minster of of Uganda State for Entandikwa; MP for Wera, Katakwi district; former Secretary of PCT Nico Akwang 22.03.2000 Arapai, Soroti Local Council Chairman district (LC3) for Duburo, Soroti district sub-county Lakere Alamo 24.03.2000 Kamuda, Peasant Soroti district Ruth Aliu 05.04.2000 Kampala Parliament of MP, member Uganda of Teso Parliamentary Group xi xii (Continued) Interviewee Date Place Organisation Position Peter Ayopo 13.04.2000 Moroto Karamoja Researcher/ Amodoi town Resource Centre policy advisor Amudo 24.03.2000 Kamuda, Peasant Areni Soroti district Alfred Aruo 16.03.2000 Soroti Teso Cultural Officer and Union 01.05.2000 Georg 24.03.2000 Kamuda, Peasant William Soroti Ayora district E.A. Brett 21.02.2000 London DESTIN, Lecturer London School of Economics Aidan 13.04.2000 Moroto Lutheran World Project Colours town Foundation director Joanna de 09.08.2000 London London School Former PhD Berry of Economics candidate Nicolas de 11.02.2000 Kampala London School Former PhD Torrente of Economics candidate James Eceret 09.02.2000 Kampala PCT Economist Musa 26.03.2000 Soroti Government of RDC Nebbi Echweru Uganda district; former youth organiser in Teso insurgency and responsible for international relations and supply of arms Frida 25.02.2000 Soroti Elder; former Ediamo UPC politician Simon Peter 13.04.2000 Moroto Karamoja Deputy Egadu town Projects co-ordinator Implementation Unit xiii Ateker Ejalu 05.04.2000 Kampala New Vision Chairman; former Minister of State for Special Duties responsible for Teso insurgency John Ekanu 09.04.2000 Soroti Pentecostal Reverent Church Janet Ekere 07.04.2000 Kalaki, Soroti Business district women Mary Epechu 24.02.2000 Soroti Teso Initiative Youth and for Peace Gender Officer Stephen O. 21.03.2000 Soroti District Demographer Esunget Population Officer Paul Etjan 05.04.2000 Kampala Parliament of MP for Uganda Tororo; former Deputy Prime Minister under Museveni; former UN delegate;
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