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Dr. Neal Lane Then Nanoscale Science and Engineering at NSF Mike Roco NSF and NNI 19-th NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference Alexandria, December 9-10, 2019 2008 2013 2019 2014 2012 ICONIC NANO MOZAIC 2015 2018 2008 2017 2010 2011 2009 Vision-inspired view of nanotechnology development 2000 - 2030 MC Roco, Dec 6 2018 2000-2030 Convergence-Divergence cycle for global nanotechnology development Knowledge Innovation New nanosystem confluence spiral architectures Disciplines Immersion in to new technology platforms Bottom-up Assembly of New & top-down interacting parts systems Spin-off disciplines, and productive sectors Control of Materials matter at Four NT Medical, .. New Products, the Generations Sectors Applications $30 T nanoscale Tools & New expertise (NBIC..) Methods New applications & business Creative Integration/ a b c Innovation d Spin-off phase Fusion phase phase Based on Roco and Bainbridge, 2013 , Fig. 8 (Ref 7) phase nano1 2000 2030 2020 2010 nano3 1999 2013 2010 30 year vision to develop nanotechnology in three stages changing focus and priorities Reports available on: www.wtec.org/nano2/ and www.wtec.org/NBIC2-report/ (Refs. 3-6) MC Roco, Nov 10 2016 CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE GENERATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES NANOPRODUCTS Based on NANO 2020, Fig. 5 (Ref. 4) 2030 New socio-economic capabilities 6. Nanosystem , Conv. Networks nano3 Technology divergence 5. NBIC Technology 2020-2030 Platforms To general purpose technology 4. Molecular nano2 System integration Nanosystems 3. Systems of 2010-2020 Nanosystems Create library of nanocomponents 2. Active nano1 Component basics Nanostructures 1. Passive 2000 2000-2010 Nanostructures Twelve global nano trends to 2020 10 year perspective, www.wtec.org/nano2/ (Ref. 4 and its summary paper) • Theory, modeling & simulation: x1000 faster, essential design • “Direct” measurements – x6000 brighter, accelerate R&D&use • A shift from “passive” to “active” nanostructures/nanosystems • Nanosystems- some self powered,self repairing, dynamic, APM • Penetration of nanotechnology in industry - toward mass use; catalysts, electronics; innovation– platforms, consortia • Nano-EHS – more predictive, integrated with nanobio & env. • Personalized nanomedicine - from monitoring to treatment • Photonics, electronics, magnetics – new integrated capabilities • Energy photosynthesis, storage use – solar economic • Enabling and integrating with new areas – bio, info, cognition • Earlier preparing nanotechnology workers – system integration • Governance of nano for societal benefit - institutionalization MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 I. I. Nanotechnology programs: S&T divergence HHS/NIH OSTP OMB NSF DOE DOD OSTP DOC/NIST HHS/FDA NASA USDA/NIFA 2019: 31 agencies USDA/ARS HHS/CDC/ NIOSH phys USDA/FS DOS EPA DOTr neur bio NRC DOT DOC/ chem USPTO IC/DNI DOI/ USGS DOJ DOL DOC/EDA DOEd DOC/BIS DHS CPSC ITC U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2000-2030 Other 80 countries have created nanoscale R&D programs Nanotechnology publications in the WoS: 1990 - 2018 “Title-abstract” search for nanotechnology by keywords for five regions (update of NANO 2020, Fig 1 [3] ) U.S. ~ 20% 80,000 China ~ 43% 2000-2018 Average worldwide annual growth rate ~15% in 2018 70,000 60,000 USA 50,000 U.S. ~ 23% Japan China ~ 24% 40,000 U.S. ~ 29% EU27 in 2010 U.S.# ~ 30% China ~ 16% 30,000 P.R. China China ~ 9% in 2005 Citations Korea 20,000 ~in 2000 # of publications 10,000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Rapid, uneven growth per countries MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 U.S. contribution from ~29% in 2005 to ~20% in 2018 (about -0.7% per year)9 Nanotechnology publications in United States 2010 - 2018 “Title-abstract” search in WoS by individual keywords: nano* + 27 (method Nano2020, Ref 3) self-assembl* atom* model* 4500 molecular model* STM or AFM molecular motor* quantum dot* graphen* NEMS plasmonic* metamaterials* microfluidic* spintronic* molecular system* 3600 supramolecul* fullerene* dendrimers* graphen* 2D material* atom* layer deposition artificial photosynthe* cellulose fiber* optoelectronic* biophotonic* optogenetic* DNA computing 2700 proteomic* self-assembl* STM or AFM 1800 microfluidic* quantum dot* plasmonic* optoelectronic* 900 molecular model* 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 Five countries’ contributions to Top 3 journals in 2018 (about the average for last 5 years) 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% US 40.00% Germany France 30.00% P. R. China 20.00% Japan 10.00% 0.00% 3 Journals Nature PNAS Science * Each article is assigned to multiple countries if its authors have different nationalities. Therefore, the sum of percentages from five countries exceeds 100%; ** Combined Keywords MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 Nanotechnology patents at USPTO: 1991-2018 “Title-abstract” search of nanotechnology by keywords (updt. Chen & Roco [7]); (data May 2019) 2000-2017 Average worldwide annual growth rate ~15% 12,000 U.S. ~ 53% in 2017 10,000 Total - all countries 8,000 USA Japan U.S. ~ 62% 6,000 EU27 in 2010 U.S. P.R. China U.S. ~ 70% # of Patents 4,000 Korea U.S. ~ 70% in 2005 Total in 2000 2,000 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 U.S. patent authors maintain the lead at USPTO in 2018 U.S. patent authors from ~70% in 2005 to ~53% in 2017 (about -1.4% per year) Percentage rate of penetration of nanotechnology in NSF awards, WoS papers and USPTO patents (1991-2018) Searched by keywords in the title/abstract/claims (update Encyclopedia Nanoscience, Roco, 2016) 16% 15% Top 20 Journals' Nano 2012-2017 NSF grants ~ 14% Paper Percentage 14% 13% 3 Selected Journals' Nano Paper Percentage 12% 11% Title-claim Search's Nano Patent Percentage 10% 9% NSF Nano New Award 2017 Top 20 nano J. ~ 13% 8% Percentage 7% Revenues#REF! market / GDP 2017 Top 3 Journals ~ 6.0% 6% 5% 4% NSE Award/Paper/Patent Percentage Award/Paper/Patent NSE 2017 USPTO patents ~ 2.7% - 3% 2% NSF US Market 1% ~ 4.6% 0% 1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018 Year World > $ 1T (Lux Res.) Est. US Market / US GDP: 2014 ~ 2%; 2018 ~ 4.6%; 2020 ~ 6% (if 25% market growth rate) MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 www.wtec.org/NBIC2-Report; M. Roco et al. 2002 Foundational study INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING and APPLICATIONS Springer 2013 Three hierarchical stages of STI convergence I I Nanotechnology (NT) ; IT ; AI II II Foundational fields (NBICA) III III Global society oriented initiatives (CKTS) MC. Roco, Dec 9 2019 Nanotechnology development also is guided by the convergence principles A. Holistic view – Unity of matter; essential interactions; deep integration of disciplines B. Common goal – Systematic nano-control to get target properties/functions/devices/systems PRINCIPLES FOR C. Dynamic pattern - Spiral convergence to nanosystems & emerging applications CONVERGENCE D. Unifying actions - Nanosystem-logic deduction in decisions & problem solving E. Cross-domain – Nano concepts and methods F. Multi-tasking - Concurrent nanoscale phenomena and processes (applied to NT neural network ecosystem) G. Added-value - Confluence of effects leading to novel nanosystems and applications Ref 7: “Science and technology convergence..”, JNR, 2016, 18:211 MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 ‘Metallic wood’ has the strength of titanium and the density of water U.Penn, UIUC, U Cambridge; Nature Scientific Reports, Jan 2019 MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 Motion harvesters enabled by nanomaterials Mechanical energy harvesters convert body motion to electrical energy. • Nanostructured lead Polished metal zirconium titanite dowels piezoelectric materials deposited on thin Ni foils are strained upon body Rotor motion Beam clamps • ~ 150 microWatts Credit: ASSIST, 2019 with normal walking MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 Three-dimensional nanowire transistor probes for intracellular recording Charles Lieber group (Y. Zhao et al, Nature Nanotech 2019) MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 “3D Nanoprinting” architecturally complex microfluidic channels • 3D, interwoven microvessels with inner diameters < 10 μm and wall thicknesses of 2 μm • The smallest 3D printed microfluidic transistor (wall thicknesses = 500 nm) University of Maryland, College Park, and the University of Utah; CMMI NM 1761395 & 1761273 Caption: False-colored SEM image of eight intertwined 3D nanoprinted tubular microvessels Image Credit: Ryan D. Sochol Lab, University of Maryland, College Park MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 A multi-purpose, reprogrammable molecular computer • “Self-assembly molecular computers” uses artificial DNA • The research includes developing algorithms to perform programmable functions (similar to a standard computer) Damien Woods et al., Maynooth University (NSF 1219274 et al) A molecular circuit built using DNA (funding by the NSF and NASA). Photograph: Demin Liu (Molgraphics) and Damien Woods (Maynooth University) (2019) https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/monaghan-scientist-involved-in-molecular-computing-breakthrough-1.3832929 MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 Quantum computing breakthrough: with 53 qubits (nanostructured) Sycamore processor (Google Oct. 2019) takes about 200s to sample one instance of a quantum circuit a million times— equivalent task for a state-of- the-art classical supercomputer would take approximately 10,000 years.” • Tested only for “For a suitable computational task of sampling the output of a pseudo-random quantum circuit”; Not yet confirmed by others. Arute et al., Nature, Oct. 24, 2019 MC Roco, Dec 9 2019 Probabilistic Bits “Poor Man’s Qubit” shown to rival Quantum Computing Build an 8 "P - bit" computer using stochastic nanoscale magnets (Nature article. -18 Sept 2019). Can split a large number into prime-number factors, a problem that only quantum computers were previously expected to solve efficiently. • Initial discovery by Supryio Datta’s team (2017) in the STARnet; C-SPIN Center; ASCENT Center, Purdue University, SRC JUMP, , K. Camsari et al. • The nCORE NSF CAPSL center is investigating P-bits in complementary ways. CAPSL is the Purdue Center for Probabilistic Spin Logic for Low- Energy Boolean and Non-Boolean Computing.
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