Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro Socioeconômico Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Administração

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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro Socioeconômico Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Administração UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO SOCIOECONÔMICO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO LOURENÇO KAWAKAMI TRISTÃO PIRATARIA DIGITAL DE AUDIOVISUAIS NO BRASIL: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E REFLEXÕES FLORIANÓPOLIS 2020 LOURENÇO KAWAKAMI TRISTÃO PIRATARIA DIGITAL DE AUDIOVISUAIS NO BRASIL: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E REFLEXÕES Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do título de mestre em Administração Orientador: Prof. Sérgio Luís Boeira, Dr. FLORIANÓPOLIS 2020 LOURENÇO KAWAKAMI TRISTÃO PIRATARIA DIGITAL DE AUDIOVISUAIS NO BRASIL: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E REFLEXÕES O presente trabalho em nível de mestrado foi avaliado e aprovado por banca examinadora composta pelos seguintes membros: Prof.(a) Maurício Roque Serva de Oliveira, Dr.(a) Instituição PPGAdm/UFSC Prof.(a) Márcio Vieira de Souza, Dr.(a) Instituição PPGEGC/UFSC Certificamos que esta é a versão original e final do trabalho de conclusão que foi julgado adequado para obtenção do título de mestre em Administração. ____________________________ Prof.(a) Rudimar Antunes da Rocha, Dr.(a) Coordenador(a) do Programa ____________________________ Prof.(a) Sérgio Luís Boeira, Dr.(a) Orientador(a) Florianópolis, 6 de fevereiro 2020 Este trabalho é dedicado aos meus aos meus pais, que sempre me apoiaram a continuar estudando. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos meus pais por sempre me apoiarem na busca pelos meus sonhos, por me incentivarem a estudar e valorizar a educação. Também agradeço ao prof. Sérgio Luís Boeira que tem me orientado desde a monografia, ainda durante a graduação em Administração, professor que carrega uma gigantesca bagagem de conhecimento, o qual compartilha com grande prazer com seus discentes, e que tem orientado minhas pesquisas com sabedoria e liberdade. Ao prof. Maurício Serva que me recebeu de braços abertos no núcleo ORD, e que esteve sempre disposto a ajudar e compartilhar seu vasto conhecimento quando precisei. Ao prof. Márcio Vieira que aceitou cordialmente fazer parte da banca avaliadora, trazendo grandes contribuições para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Aos colegas Chayne Mahnic, Diego Domingos e Felipe Quintão com quem pude ter o prazer de conviver no núcleo ORD, e que tornaram o caminho do mestrado muito mais leve. Aos colegas Diego Wander Demétrio e Fabrício Michell Soares parceiros nos trabalhos das disciplinas do mestrado, equipe nota dez. RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender a pirataria digital de audiovisuais no Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva multidimensional, considerando tanto o ponto de vista dos piratas quanto do grupo antipirataria. Nesta pesquisa a pirataria é contextualizada dentro de uma problemática mais ampla, que diz respeito à questão do acesso à informação e ao conhecimento. A base para a construção dos pontos de vista dos grupos foi a TRS (Teoria das Representações Sociais) de Serge Moscovici, e a proposta de trabalhar com está perspectiva dialógica foi construída sobre o Paradigma da Complexidade de Edgar Morin. Procurei demonstrar que embora os piratas ajam na ilegalidade, existem reivindicações legítimas por parte do grupo, que possui uma concepção do audiovisual como cultura, diferentemente do grupo antipirataria que possui uma concepção do audiovisual como produto. Sem desconsiderar a legitimidade das reivindicações da indústria, procurei realizar um diálogo que inexiste no mundo real, procurando caminhos para a superação dos conflitos entre os grupos, que preservem a capacidade da indústria de produzir filmes e remunerar artistas, mas que também consigam tornar os audiovisuais mais acessíveis aos espectadores. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que por trás das representações sociais identificadas nos grupos existem diferentes concepções de desenvolvimento, a dos piratas mais voltada para as potencialidades de transformação social da internet e a do grupo antipirataria voltada para concepções mais tradicionais de desenvolvimento. Neste sentido a Teoria N e a Teoria P de Guerreiro Ramos surgem como forma de compreender as diferenças entre estas percepções. Outras questões como a delimitação dos enclaves sociais de Guerreiro Ramos, e o conceito de Estado democrático de direito de Habermas, também aparecem como forma de ajudar a interpretação das representações sociais de um ponto de vista teórico. Durante o estudo também procurei ser propositivo em relação à superação dialógica dos conflitos identificados, procurando demonstrar que existem formas de superação do conflito entre o grupo dos piratas e o grupo antipirataria capazes de atender as principais reivindicações de cada grupo de forma negociada. Palavras-chave: Pirataria digital de audiovisuais. Teoria das Representações Sociais. Paradigma da Complexidade. ABSTRACT This research was constructed with the intent of understanding the digital piracy of audio-visual in Brazil from a multidirectional perspective, considering the point of view of the pirates and the antipiracy group. In this research the piracy is contextualized inside a wider problematic, related to the question of access to information and knowledge. The basis for the construction of the points of view is the TRS (Theory of Social Representations) by Serge Moscovici, and the proposal about working with this dialogical approach was built over the Complexity Paradigm by Edgar Morin. I intended to demonstrate that even the pirates were acting illegal, there are some legit revindications by the group, that concepts audio-visual as culture, different from the antipiracy group that have a product conception about the audio-visual. Without let the consideration about the legitimacy of the industry revindications, I intent to create a dialogue that don’t exist in the real world, suggesting ways to overcome the conflicts between the groups, that preserve the capacity of the industry of produce audio-visuals and remunerate creators, but also could made audio-visuals more accessible for the spectators. The results of the research indicate that behind the identified social representations in the groups exist different conceptions about development, the pirates are toward to the potential of social transformation of the internet, and the antipirates group toward to more traditional conceptions of development. In this sense the Theory N and Theory P of Guerreiro Ramos emerge as a way to understand the differences between these perceptions. Other questions like the delimitation of social enclaves of Guerreiro Ramos, and the concept of democratic State of right of Habermas, also emerge as a way to support the interpretation of the social representations from a theoretical point of view. As the study was constructed, I also intended to be purposeful in relation to the dialogic overcoming of the identified conflicts, aiming to demonstrate that there are ways of overcoming the conflict between the group of the pirates and the antipiracy group that could attend to the main revindications of each group in a negotiated form. Keywords: Digital piracy of audio-visuals. Theory of Social Representations. Complexity Paradigm. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 01 – Mapeamento da estrutura social da pirataria de audiovisuais no Brasil .............. 94 Figura 02 – Diagrama da coleta de dados ............................................................................... 97 Figura 03 – Espiral da contextualização ................................................................................. 99 Figura 04 – Estágio da interpretação dos dados ....................................................................... 100 Figura 05 - Meme Bolsonaro com “Balão” .............................................................................. 118 Figura 06 – Imagem original A Menina com Balão de Banksy ............................................... 118 Figura 07 – Meme de humor nonsense ..................................................................................... 119 Figura 08 – Ecossistema estratégico do movimento e atores ................................................... 233 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 01 – Objetivos ............................................................................................................ 21 Quadro 02 – Terminologias referentes à etnografia nos meios digitais .............................. 89 Quadro 03 – Regras Avalon (tipos de audiovisuais aceitos) ........................................... 110 Quadro 04 – Lista de audiovisuais não aprovados ........................................................ 112 Quadro 05 – Regras Avalon (importância do compartilhamento) ........................................... 112 Quadro 06 – Regras Avalon (importância do compartilhamento) ........................................... 115 Quadro 07 – Composição do Conselho 2019 ..................................................................... 144 Quadro 08 – Comparação das representações sociais da pirataria entre os piratas e o grupo antipirataria ..................................................................................................................................... 172 Quadro 09 - Licenças Creative Commons ............................................................................... 212 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 01 – Categorias SCOPUS ............................................................................................ 24 Tabela 02 – Síntese da correlação das variáveis em relação à pirataria ................................. 41 Tabela 03– Faixa etária dos usuários .....................................................................................
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