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The Life Cycle of Hydrocoryne Bodegensis, New Species (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa) from California, and a Comparison with Hydrocoryne Miurensis from Japan

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The Life Cycle of Hydrocoryne Bodegensis, New Species (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa) from California, and a Comparison with Hydrocoryne Miurensis from Japan THE WASMAXX )OUR~AL OF BIOLOGY \ 01.• ,\-l. ·o. 1 SrlliNG, l9i6 The Life Cycle of Hydrocoryne bodegensis, New Species (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa) from California, and a Comparison with Hydrocoryne miurensis from Japan JOHX T. REES, CADET I11\~D . and CLAUDIA MILLS,' Bodega Jlariue Laboratory mrd Drparlmeut of Zoology, l."rti-!Jersity of Calijomia, Bnd~ga Bay, Califomia 9~923 JNTRODUCTION The hydrozoan family Hydrocorynidae was erected by \Y. ]. Rees ( 195 7) to include the Japanese hydroid llydrocorync miurensis ( tcchow). The polyp is notable for its large size, up to 6 em long or more in state of expansion. The description of the polyp by techo w ( 1907, 1909) was followed by observations on the immature medusa. (Uchi da, 1932) and th e life cycle, including a description of the mature medusa (Uchida and Nagao, 1967). The medusa of T/ . miurc11sis is typically corynicl, and has four equally developed tentacles throughout its developmenl. This paper describes the life cycle of a new species of Hydrocorync, II. bodc!{cnsis new species, from Cali fornia, and compares it with that of li'ydrocoryne miu­ rcnsis from Japan. )fETHODS A);D ) J ATERL\LS Colonies of Ilydrocor;me bodexcnsis were collected from a popu­ lation found on the jetty marking the entrance to Bodega Harbor. All colonies were collected subtidally from 5-10 feet in depth with the aid of SCUBA from the vertical faces of the large rocks which were used to construct U1e jetty. Colonies were removed from the ' l'rcscnl uddn•;s: 7044 50lh Avenue N.E., Sculllc, \V n< hi n~ llln 9811 5 l JOSJ IIJ"DROCORY.\ E- REES, H:\XD, MILLS 109 rocks with a knife, placed in plastic co ll ec tin ~ containers, and re· turned to the laboratory. The colonies, with their basal mat intact, were placed in finger­ bowls in a water table provided with running sea water. ~ledusae were released over a period of several days and were placed in 600 ml beakers provided with gentle aeration. The beakers were placed in the water table and maintained a t a temperature of I 0- 14 • , that of the ocean locally. T he water in the beakers was changed every 2 days, at which time the medusae were fed enough brine shrimp so that a few shrimp remained in the water. The polyps were maintained on the water table, either in fingerbowls or in beakers. attached to glass microscope slides by pieces of string. The polyps did not attach themselves to the slides. DESCRIPTION IJydrocoryne bodegensis Rees, Hand & :\.fills, new species. ( FJGUJU:S l -3) llydrocory1u sp ., Rt..t..S and HAxo (1975 : i J, 74 , 81). PoLYP. olony unbranched. arising from a chitinous, basal mat. ~r ature polyps large, from 0.5 to 6.0 em or more high, depending on the state of contraction. Tentacles capitate, 30-50 in number, a nanged in a. terminal cluster. Medusa buds mounted on a branched pedicel located in the proximal half of the hydranth. Cni dom sim­ ilar to H ydrocorync miurensis, except for a micro basic eurytele with a soli d inclusion. )JEDUSA. I\lalure medusa small, from 1.5 to 2.3 mm in bell height. Four tentacles present "itb hemispherical nematocyst bat­ teries along their l e n~ th s and temlinating in a large, spherical clus­ ter of nematocysts. Ocelli red. Orange to red-brown pigment present in the tentacle bulbs and base of the manubrium. )[anubrial pi~menl variable in form and occasionally absent in adult medusae, although in newly released medusae always in a strip at the base of the manubrium. Bell nol spherical. wider at the apex than at the base. \\'ell-developed peduncle present. Four nematocyst clusters present on the lips of the manubrium. Gonads four in number interradially situa.tecl . Eggs la rge ancl few in numhcr. -- 110 THE \\"ASMA~~ JOUR1\AL OF BIOLOGY, YoL. 34, Xo. I, 19i6 FtGURL I. /lydrocoryne bodegmsis, new species. (A) Polyp stage, the polyps arise from a basal mal. drawn from the photo~raph of a Ji,ing animal. (B) Me­ dusa sta.:c, nc'' ly released medusa, dra\\n from a preserved specimen. RESULTS The polyp, as nearly as can be determined, is very similar in morphology to the polyp of llydrorory nc miurensis, as descri bed by Uchida and Nagao (1967). As shown in fi gure lA, the colony 1/YDROCORl'X£- REES, HA:\D. MILLS 111 is unbranched, and arises from a chitinous, basal mat. The fully developed polyps are lar!!;e. from 0.5 to 6.0 em or more in len~ tb , dependin~ on the state of contraction. The contracted polyp body is extensively wrinkled. There are from 30-50 capitate tentacles, de­ pending on the age of the polyp. :.\Iedusa buds a re borne on branched pedicels which arise about Y4 of the way from the base of the polyp. The California polyps do possess a second type of macrobasic eury­ tele not reported from the J apanese species, which wi ll be dis­ cussed later. The newly released medusa is relatively Jargt·, from l J to 1.5 mm in bell height. The bell is subspherical, and densely packed with nematocyst clusters, which contain 4-16 nematocysts each (fig. I B). The manubrium is conical in shape and hangs about · ~ way into tl1e bell cavity in full extension. Four nematocyst clu ters are pres­ ent around the mouth. .:\o peduncle is present Gonadal anJaaen appears as an opaque area surrounding the manubrium. There is a distinct area of red-brown pigment which completely surrounds the upper third of the manubrium. The pigment is compo ed of dis­ crete granule which are in dense concentration at the base of the manubrium, and in lesser concentrations in the tentacle bulbs and the tentacles. The bell is tinged with green. In full extension the four tentacles stretch three times the length of t.he bell height. Spherical nematocyst batteries stud the tentacles. T he tentacles ter­ mi nate in a large, spherical cluster of nematocysts. The mnjor developmental changes of the medusa lake place during the first week ( fi ~. 2A) . T he size of the medusa has increased to between 1.5 to 2. 1 mm in bell height. The exumbrellar nema­ tocyst clusters become spaced further apart on the exumbrellar surface, undoubtedly due to the growth of the bell. A peduncle has formed, and tlle manubrium may extend !}~ of the way to tlle velar openin~ . The ~onad matures and appears interradially as four discrete units. From above the mature !!;Onad is cruciform in shape (f i ~ . 28 ). Thickening of the jelly Lakes t•lace, so that at its 1 thickest at the bell apex the jelly accounts for , of the bell hei~hl. There is a second local thickening of the jelly toward the base of the brll. The formerly heavily pigmented an•a of the manubrium is much less pigmented and has divided into fCtu r indistinct patches. All of the morphological changes between 1-week-old and 3-week­ olcl merlusac involve alteration of existi ng structu res and no new 112 TilE \\"AS~L-\:\:\ JOURK.\L OF BIOLOGY, \'oL ..l-1, :\o. 1, 19i6 c 8 Fu:uKE 2 1/,vdrocoryne bodegensis, nc\\ species. (A) One-week-old medusa. drawn rrom a prcsen·ed specimen, pa~tmrntcd areas not ~ hown . ( B) Gonad of a one-week-old male medusa, top 'ic'' CC) Tlm:c-weck-old medusa. drawn lrom a pr\.'~n·cd specimen. morphologies are formed (fig. 2C). The medusae increase slightly in size, growing to 2.2 to 2.3 mm in bell height. There are rela­ tively fewer nematocysts per cluster than in 1-wcek-old specimens. The gonad is slightly enl arged, and extensions of the gonad on ··-- HYDROCORJ' .YE- REES, H:\~0, M ILLS 113 the radial canal associated with the peduncle have increased sli~ht l y in length. l11e peduncle reaches more than L: of the way into the bell cadty, and the manubrium reaches almo'>t to the bell mar~in. Pigment as...c;ociated with the manubrium in I to .)-week-old medusae was found to be variable in fo rm and color. In :.even mature specimens of an un known age examined from the plankton collected 28 October 197.3, the pigmented areas of the manubrium we re orange and varied in form from single blotches to a continuous band. Tn three-week-old specimens rea red in the laboratory, no pigment was visible. E ight separate pigment patches, character­ istic of II. miurcnsis were not seen. La horc1t ory-reared medusae Ji ved to a maximum age of 32 days. TYPE LOCALITY. Bodega Bay Sonoma Cot.nty, California (38• 18' X lat., 123• 2' \\' long.). Polyps collected on rocks of the Bodega Harbor jetty at about 3 m deep. TYPE MATF.R!,\L. The following have been depo ited at the . ra­ tional ~ l useum of l\"atural History (Smithsonian 1nstitution) : Holo­ type: 3-week-old mature medusa reared in the laboratory, p1esen ·ed 4 'ovember 1973, liS:\"M 54251. P aratypes: four lots of medusae: ( I ) newly released, preserved 13 September 1973, C ~ ~ I 54253; (2) 1-wcck-old, reared in the laboratory, preserved 23 October 1973, USNlVI 54255; (3) 2-week-old, reared in the labora tory, p reserved 4 November 1973, USNM 54256 ; (4) two lots from the plankton collected 19 November 1971 and 8 December 197 1, USN:\1 54254 ; two lols of polyps: ( J ) 2 polyps, (2) 3 polyps: both collected with SC BA on 12 September 1973, USN::\1 54252, 54257.
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