Steering & Navigation

Civil ServiceSports Council Member ofthe Est. 1890 Amateur Rowing Association Af filiated tothe

1 Introduction page 3 Statutory Framework 3 Before You Get On The Water 3 Getting on the Water 4 Look-Out 4 2 General Tideway Navigation 5 3 Steering Rules 7 Overtaking 7 Head-On Meeting and Right Hand Rule 8 Crossing The River And Spinning 9

Contents 4 Other River Users 10 Sailing Dinghies 10 Commercial Vessels 10 Launches 10 Lights 10 Swans, Geese, Dogs, Divers, Swimmers etc 11 5 Tideway Knowledge 12 Stream Direction And Tide 12 Bad Shallows At Low Water 12 Obstacles 13 6 Rowing Custom And Practice 14 Tideway Steering and Hazards Map Back cover

For further information about Safety, Steering and Navigation please check the Cygnet Rowing Club website at www.cygnet-rc.org.uk

Page2 Pocket edition - January 2004

This document is based on the "Coaching: Tideway Navigation and Steering" issued by the Thames Downriver Coaching Commission of the ARA for use by all rowing clubs. It outlines the minimum general navigation knowledge needed to safely control rowing outings on the Tideway. Like all such summaries it runs the risk of omitting or skimming over useful material in the pursuit of brevity. There is no substitute for reading and understanding the Rules of the Road, the PLA Byelaws, the relevant Notices to Mariners and building up your local knowledge. Additions have been made to this document, to include conditions that relate to boating from the Civil Service Boathouse, and coxing instructions by Cygnet RC. Statutory Framework The Tideway is controlled by the Port of London Authority (PLA). The PLA issues the Port of London Byelaws which incorporate the

International Rules for the Prevention of Collision at Sea ('Rules of oduction the Road', Colregs or IRPCS) and the Notices to Mariners which include the 'Rules for Navigation of Vessels Under Oars' setting out the traffic pattern for rowing boats between Putney and Richmond. Before You Get On The Water Coxswains/Steersmen/Scullers Intr If you are an inexperienced coxswain/rower, or if you have coxing/steering experience, but not on the Tideway, you have to have the Captain's permission to take a crew/boat out. Usually, a 1 coach in a launch will accompany inexperienced coxswains/steersmen for a number of times, before they are allowed to venture out on their own. Alternatively, a crew member with extensive experience of steering on the Tideway will be part of the crew being coxed or steered. The names of authorised coxswains and steerspeople are listed on the Notice Board. Coxes must always wear buoyancy aids or a life jacket when on the water, without exception. These are kept in the men's changing room in the Boathouse. Make sure you know how to don, adjust and operate the life jacket, and ensure that the inflation toggle is accessible before you go out. Groping feverishly when it is needed is too late. Our lifejackets also have a whistle attached to them, which can be used to draw attention when you need assistance.

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4 1Introduction G round, turnupthevolumeuntiltheydo. The conventionalcallsare: boat hasseenit,calloutingoodtime.Iftheydonot seem tolook other direction. watch theshore,butbiggestriskofhead-oncollision isfromthe over bothshoulders.Whenrowinginshallowsitistempting justto 3-5 strokes,moreoftenwhenthingsaretight.Don'tforget tocheck other intime. time. Inover80%ofhead-oncollisionsNEITHERboat sawthe near missesareavoidableifonlythecrewshadseendangerin ahead whereitismostdif Look-Out the middleofriverasyousetoff towardsthebridge. keep thebowstowardsshore,andonlypointyour your bowsawayfromtheshore.Whilecrewisgettingready middle oftheriveratlowtideandactuallymakeyouhavingtopoint hazardous becausetheshallowsextendquitefartowards you don'tkeepthebowspointingintoshore. stream comingfromBarnesBridgewillpushyourbowsaroundif Boathouse, especiallywithanoutgoingstream,beawarethatthe off, soleaveplentyofroombehindyouandkeepagoodlookout. that youmaynotbeabletomoveawayquicklyoncehavepushed who maybehinderedbyyoupushingof ensure thattherearenoothercrewscomingupfrombehindyou put theboatdowninwater. Onceyouarereadytoboat,again of theriver, ensurethatnonearearoundwhenyoutellthecrewto side you think. As crewsrowingagainsttheflow useour(Middlesex) shallows canextendalotfurthertowardsthecentreofriverthan Getting ontheWater G G Tk ok(ih) situationisdeveloping and Iamnotsure "Take alook(eight)"- A "Hold itup(sculler)"-Collision imminentunlessyoustop. "Head (four)"-Ithinkyou should bedoingsomethingbynow. If ariskysituationisdevelopingdonotassumethatthe other Steersmen ofcoxlessboatsshouldlookforwardsat least every TIMES,especiallydead ALL You mustkeepagoodlookout AT When leavingtheforeshoreinfrontofCivilService Take carewhenputtingtheboatonwater. At lowtide,the that youhaveseenit. a "four"cannot possiblybeaboutyou! If youarein, for example,aquad,don't assumethatacallto Things aregettingabittight. ficult forrowingboats.Mostaccidentsand f theshore.Keepinmind This isparticularly ,

G G to avoidtheimmediatedanger. risk ofcollisionarisethenthesteeringrules(page7)shouldbeused downstream, exceptwhenthestreamchangesdirection.Shoulda and cover). This patternseparates theflowofboatsgoingupstream as detailedbelowandshowninthemap(largerversiononback G

T T Please notethatyoualwaysnavigaterelativetowhatthestream When proceedingagainstthestream,navigateasfollows When proceedingwiththestream,keeptostarboardsideof On W starboard sideofthefairwaywhengoingdowntoPutney. shore whilstgoinguptowardsRichmond,androwtothe towards Putney. Inthiscase,youmuststayclosetotherelevant (i.e. theriverwaterlevelrises)butstreammaystillbegoing landwater comingdowntheriver, thetidemaybecomingin the tideisgoingin.However Putney whenthetideisgoingout,andtowardsRichmond does. Inthesummermonths,streamgenerallygoestowards the fairway(i.e.keeptorightofmiddleriver). W slewo (c) BetweenChiswickStepsCrossingandPutneyPier, keepto (b) BetweenChiswickBridgeCrossingandSteps (a) BetweenSyoncrossingandChiswickBridge I I rth CKEN I A 'PINK HOUSE' CKEN it

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5 2General Tideway Navigation

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6 2General Tideway Navigation G G G G G G G G NOTES : G At Putney Below PutneypierandaboveSyoncrossing,thenormal 'right When steeringinthefairway When steeringintheshallows,gothroughsidearchesofall When steeringintheshallowsallowadequateclearancefrom Do notstopclosetobridgesorobstacles,especiallyupstreamof When crossingtheriver, boatsmustgivewaytoanyvessel AROUND THE Keep agoodlookoutatalltimesESPECIALLY For fulldetailsseethePLA notice boardintheboathouse. 2002'. This isdisplayed on theCygnet THAMES FROM1MAY NAVIGATION OFVESSELSUNDEROARS ON THE TIDAL and rememberthatboatscrossingtherivermustgive way Change positionifnecessaryoncesafelyclearofPutney pier starboard sideofthefairwaybothwithandagainst stream. hand' ruleappliesandrowingboatsshouldnormally use the bends, especiallywhentheremaybeboatsontheinsideshallows. through thecentralarchofallbridges.Steerwidearound very carefullookforboatscomingdownstream. water side ofyourbladesusuallydoesOK).Ifthereisnotenough bridges providedthatthereisenoughwater(2-5mcleareither especially atverylowwater(seebelow). the shoretoavoidgrounding.Beawareofspecifichazards, into danger. viable pathforotherboats,donotforcethemtosteeroutwide other boats.Ifyouareagroupofstoppedboatstrytoleave them. Try andpickaplacetostopthatwillnotgetinthewayof proceeding alongthefairway. direction. risk ofhead-oncollisionisveryhigh.Seebelowaboutstream up anduntiltheysettledownagainintheoppositepattern TURN OF THE TIDE. At theturntraffic streamsgetmixed cutting throughthebuoys,youmayonlyspotthemvery late. paddle athighpressuresinsidethebuoys.Watch outforboats keep outsidethebuoys.Donotcutbetween Donot the buoysandhard.Boatsgoingwithstream should , creeparoundthepierofcentralarchaftertakinga , boatsgoingagainstthestreamshouldsteerbetween Notice To Mariners'RULESFOR , keeptotherightofcentreandgo .

When an immediate risk of collision with another boat arises, follow the rules below. These are a summary of the "Rules of the Road" as modified by the PLA by-laws. Make any corrections boldly and in good time so that the other boat can clearly see what you intend to do. Remember that rowing boats can stop very easily. Generally when things get very close it is best to stop rather than try and steer your way out, especially if it is not clear what the other boat is doing. Remember that nothing in the Rules entitles you to run down another boat. Even if they have messed it up big time it is still your duty to avoid collision by all possible means "in extremis". The Rules are about avoiding collisions, not allocating blame. It is almost impossible for two moving rowing boats to be in collision without both boats being at fault, hence the "abide your own damages" convention among rowers. Overtaking The overtaking boat keeps clear at all times (for races see below). Generally in the shallows the overtaking boat must steer out towards the middle of the river to go round the slower boat. The overtaking boat must allow the overtaken boat sufficient room to steer normally around any shallows or obstructions ahead. Do not barge up the inside unless the boat in front has clearly decided to leave you room to do so. There is no particular side to overtake on when you are on the fairway, pick the side that seems best.

NOTES: Steering Rules G Do not row two or more abreast for any length of time

when overtaking. 3 G Different overtaking conventions may apply between racing crews during Tideway head races. See the race rules for specific events. Generally slower racing boats are asked to move over to allow faster boats to stay on the stream. Note that you must follow the normal right of way rules with all non- racing vessels (e.g. if the river is not closed). Page7

G Never assume that a boat coming up behind you has seen you, especially in the shallows. Call "head eight" or similar if they get too close for comfort. G Rights of way when overtaking is currently one of the least understood areas of Tideway steering. Expect funny ideas from other coxes. These may include: (a) Course boat has right of way (i.e. when it is doing a piece) (b) Overtaken boat must move over (c) Always overtake on the right (or left...) (d) My boat is bigger than yours If the other boat is stationary, you must steer round it! The stationary boat should remain still until the "overtaking" boat is clear. Remember that a stationary boat may have a problem that you are unaware of and may not be capable of moving even if it wanted to (beginner scullers are a case in point). Head-On Meeting and Right Hand Rule Where two boats are meeting each other head-on both boats must steer to their right. This is the "right hand rule" and is general river usage. Normally when on the fairway boats should keep to the right at all times so that steering corrections are not usually required.

NOTES: G Shout and slow down or stop if things are too close to easily steer away in good time. G If the collision risk arises because one or both rowing boats have

Steering Rules strayed out of their water in the normal rowing traffic pattern, you can expect many coxes to steer back towards their water, which is usually to their LEFT on an ebbing stream on most of the 3 Tideway. Watch out and improvise as necessary. Best not to get out of position in the first place. G If you meet a passenger cruiser or other commercial vessel in the fairway it will usually sound one short blast on its whistle to indicate that it is steering or keeping right. Very rarely it may sound two short blasts indicating that it is steering or keeping left in which case co-operate as required. There are other Page8

sound signals, if you hear them take a good look and keep out of the way. G Five or more short blasts indicate doubt in the mind of the other boat as to what is going on. G Note that due to the nature of the river you can be on a head-on collision course with a boat that is around a bend and not yet directly in front of you. G Head-on collisions are very dangerous. Never take chances.

REMEMBER - KEEP A GOOD LOOKOUT AT ALL TIMES

Crossing The River And Spinning On the Tideway all boats crossing the river or spinning (i.e. doing anything other than proceeding along it) must keep out of the way of and give way to all other vessels. See diagram below.

NOTES: G When crossing at the crossing points or Fulham Rail Bridge, always check carefully that there is room to cross safely. For coxless boats it is safest to easy and take a good long look round. A glance is not enough - it's too easy to miss something. G Do not spin or cross close to blind bends or bridges. Make sure you have an adequate view to judge whether you have enough time and space to complete the manoeuvre. Steering Rules G When spinning, ensure that the stream cannot push you into obstacles before you have had time and space to complete your manoeuvre. Going with the tide, 3 you are better off spinning after a bridge or other obstacle than before it. At least then the tide will carry you AWAY from the obstacle, rather than INTO it. G Coaches sometimes ask for silly things, take your time and do it right. G Never steer across the bows of another boat. Think of another plan. Page9

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0 4Other River Users reduced toanacceptable level: the followingrulestoensure thattherisksofrowingindarkare lights asforrowingboatsis currentlyacceptable. twilight. not beusedinplaceofwhitelights. from anyangle.Riggermountingisnotacceptable.Red lightsmust be mountedinfrontofbowandbehindthecoxtoavoid obstruction white lights,onepointingforwards,backwards.Lights should Lights immediate needtobecloseby. Alternatively steerovertotheothersideofriverifthereisno endangering rowingboats,especiallypairsandsinglescullers. boats. over the8knotpowerboatspeedlimitwhenaccompanyingrowing the samesteeringrulesasrowingboats.Launchesmayonlygo Launches give, seesection3Steeringrules. in goodtimetogivethemplentyofroom. hand ruleapplies.Ifyouhavethespace,gentlyeaseoff thefairway way. Generallyyouonlymeettheminthefairwaywhereright steering bylackofwaterdepthatlowwater, sokeepoutoftheir Commercial Vessels straight andsteadyletthemsteeraroundyou. away fromanyracemarkerbuoys.Onceyoudecidetogo,keepit and/or stopuntilyouseeagap.Proceedslowly, steeringtokeep Sailing Dinghies In additiontotheabovepracticalities, CygnetRChasadopted Launches ideallyshouldcarry propernavigationlights,butwhite White clothingonbowandcoxmakesabigdifference during Between sunsetandsunriseallrowingboatsmustcarry two Launches shouldcuttheirwashasrequiredtoavoid Coaching launchesfollowthesametraffic patternandobserve Listen forandactonanysoundsignalscommercialvessels Be awarethatcommercialvesselsareoftenrestrictedintheir If thereisafleetofdinghiesracingontheriver, slowdown

G G G G watching theirblades. go round,stopandwaitoreasyglidethroughwith thecrew under anycircumstances.Oarbladescaneasilystun orkill.Either Swans, Geese,Dogs,Divers,Swimmers etc. G G G In theeventofboatcapsizingorsinking,crewmembers Oarsmen shouldwearlightcolouredclothing.Onememberof rules Boats aretobeclearlyilluminatedinaccordancewithPLA Each crew, orsculler, rowingafterdarkmustbeaccompaniedby Coxes/Steersmen shouldbefamiliarwiththe Tideway, its Rowing inthedarkisonlytobeconductedbetweenChiswick Outings areonlytobecommenced,orcontinued,aftersunset Never rowoverorclosetoanythingswimminginthe water the whistleonlifejackettoattractattention. boat, bothtomakeuseofitsbuoyancyandaidlocation. Use in thedark,itisveryimportantthatindividualsremainwith "Code ofConduct"section2Safety-CapsizeDrill.Especially should adoptthe"buddysystem”asoutlinedinCygnet each crewshouldwearawhistleoncordaroundhisneck. (TWO WHITELIGHTSonracingcraft). the eventofanemergency. that coachescarryamobilephone/radiotocallforassistancein approvedsafetykitandapowerfultorch.Itisrecommended ARA one towatchthecrew. The launchmustbeequippedwithan two coachesinalaunch;onetowatchthelaunch'scourse,and outing theyshouldmaintainaproperlookout. navigation rulesandareasofpotentialdanger;throughoutthe buildings helptoilluminatetheriver. Bridge andPutneyBridge,wherestreetlightslightfrom (or beforesunrise)withthepriorapprovalofCaptain. REMEMBER -KEEPAGOOD LOOKOUTA T ALLTIMES Page 1

1 4Other River Users

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2 5Tideway Knowledge G G G following placesworkinguptoKew: Bad Shallows At LowWater G G G G G the watertoseehowyoudrift. piers, debrisintheriver, etc.Ifnecessarystopandsquarebladesin danger. Checkthestreamdirectionbyobservingbuoys,bridge and untilitsettlesdown(10-20mins)thereisaperiodofsevere tide tables).Whenthestreamchanges,traffic patternreverses especially whenthetideisduetoturnduringyourouting(check Stream Direction And Tide out fornewonesandanyothersthatmaygiveyoutrouble. Learn torecognisethemainhazardslistedbelowandkeepaneye G G G Above StPaul'sslipway(worst whenthebottomofconcrete At sloworslackwaterthewindcanblowmooredboats The outfallopposite thetopofChiswick Eyot(The"Island")and The apparentdirectionofmovementwavesonthe surfacecan The streamchangesattheedgesbeforeitdoesinmiddle. The streamchangesprogressivelyalongtheriver. Itispossible You havetonavigaterelativewhatthestreamdoes,not Surrey sidearchofHammersmith Bridgedriesoutonmostlow On MiddlesexallthewayupCrabtreeReach. On SurreyupriverofthePutneybuoysuptoabout milepost. Under HammersmithBridge fromtheMiddlesexshoretomidriver. Always beawareofthedirectionstream/tide/waterflow, The Tideway isatrickybeastwithmorethan afewtrapsinit. up tothebend. be deceptive. The bestindicatoristhemovementoffloatingdebris. next bridgeyoureach. have changedwhereyouarebutstillbegoingtheoldwayat for aboattomovefasterthanthelowwaterchange,i.e.itcan towards Putney. (i.e. thewaterlevelisrising),butstreamstillflowing river becauseoflongperiodsrain,thetidemaybecomingin tide. Especiallywhenthereisalotoflandwatercomingdown ramp isexposed). tides. "wrong" way See theattachedmap. Tricky shallowsatlowwateroccurthe . Be aware that:

Obstacles G G G G G G Bridges ontheTidewayhaveoneormor G G G G G G G G G G no substituteforaproperlook-out. bridges canappearanywhereatanytime.Memoryhelps,butitis mobile obstaclessuchasanchoredbargesorboatsmooredto particularly dangerousforscullersandcoxlessboats.Beawarethat boats tobefurtheroutfromthebankthannormalattheseplaces. and debrisoutintheriver. Whengoingwiththestreamexpect in theshallowstheseplacesandlookoutforheadlands,islands All sortsofstuff onbothbanksbelowFulhamRailBridge All bridges(!) At springlowtidesonSurreyjustabovetheChiswickSteps hanging strawbalemarksanopenarchwithreducedhead A Three reddiscs,balls or redlightsmarkaclosedarch, T Driftwood bargesandbuoysaboveBrentfordMarina/Dock Moored houseboatsaboveKewBridge Kew Pier Pilings andpetrolpierbelowKewRailwayBridge Mortlake boatracemarkerpostonMiddlesexjustbelow Chiswick StepslineofbuoysandPierbelowthe Hammersmith Pier Putney pierandthelineofbuoys Under andabovetheSurreysidearchofKewRailwayBridge. Middlesex shoreeithersideofBarnesBridgeand usually duetobridgeworks. crossing point. room, notusuallyaproblem torowers. Chiswick Bridgeathighwater crossing point See theattachedmap. The followingobstaclesintheriverare Make surethatyougiveextraroomtotheshorewhensteering Chiswick Bridge. wo amberlightsmarkthearch(es)overfairway e ofthefollowingmarkers: . Page 1

3 5Tideway Knowledge

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4 6Rowing Custom & Practice... were wrong,apologise,itdoes nothurt. paddle of should havebeenavoided, bleaksmile,shrugofshouldersand approach issimplytosay what youthinkhappenedandhowit looking atthem,thereisnopointbeingoffensive. Onesensible usually completelyunnecessary public andotherriverusers.Itdoesoursportnogood atallandis the riverismostcommoncomplaintaboutrowers fromthe enjoy therestofyourouting. is basedonignorance,justavoidtheaccident,ignore themand is usuallynopointtryingtoreasonwiththemastheir wholeposition unaware ofit.Emptyvesselsreallydomakethemost noise. There crew shoutingisusuallytheonethatmesseditupand theyare with otherboatseverytenminutes.Itisanobservable factthatthe spot suchanattitudeprobleminadvancejustavoidthemifyoucan. of themappeartothinkthattheyareracingatalltimes.Ifyoucan steering duringtrainingand"aggressiveness"racing.Some cannot tellthedifference betweenrecklessandincompetent Rowing Boats And Their Escorts"(1997). poster"CodeOfConduct, read. ItshouldbereplacedbythePLA still incommonuseandistheonlydocumentmanycoxeshave by-lawsorisambiguousinsomekeyareas.It the RoadandPLA pattern butitismisleadingonsteeringascontradictstheRulesof by the TRC isagoodsummaryoftheshallowssteeringtraffic too oftenpoorornon-existent. byelaws andtheRulesofRoad. Few willhavereadorevenknowoftheexistencePLA about keepingtotheshallowsandhavesomelocalknowledge. Generally thecoxesyoumeetonrivercanbetakentoknow than theirnavigationalabilityorknowledgeofthesteeringrules. ...or "commondeviationsfrom If youdoendupcrossedbyanotherboatandsitting there Likewise therearecrewswhoblunderaroundhavingarguments There aretoomanycoachesandcoxesouttherewhoseemingly Note thatthe1994"Navigationon Coxes aretoooftenchosenfortheirsizeandavailabilityrather at thetimeofwriting" f. You neverknow, everyone mightlearnsomething.Ifyou The levelofverbalabuseaudibleon . The standardoflook-outisfar 5 Tideway" sheetpublished Tideway Knowledge

Good luck. You willneedsomeofthattoo. another boatasyouwilloftenbedisappointed. yourself inapositionwhereyouaredependingontheactionsof aware thattheotherboatislikelytodosomethingodd.Neverput you areclearlyintherightplaceonriveratalltimes. Always be GOODLOOKOUT. Makesurethat A times duringtraining.KEEP all toomuchmaterialtodoitwith! other people’s mistakesistheeasiestwaytolearn.Sadlythere happened andwhatshouldhavebeendonetoavoidit.Learningby on theriveritisusefulasanexercisetotryandworkoutwhat average coxonthe Tideway. Ifyoudoseeanaccidentornearmiss this documentthenyouwillbedoingbetterthanthecurrent Generally itisbesttoactdefensivelyprotectyourboatatall If youhaveunderstoodandputintopracticeallthematerialin following websites: various HeadoftheRiverCommittees. Tidway Head –aguideforcoxes”videoissuedbythe of the“RowSafely”videofromARAand“Coxing a steering ,navigationandsafetyadvice,theclubhas copies REMEMBER -KEEPAGOODLOOKOUTAT ALLTIMES www.ara-rowing.org www.portoflondon.co.uk Further infor For anyonewhoisinter mation isalsoavailablefrom the ested infurtherTideway Page 1

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