2005 British Columbia Emissions Inventory of Criteria Air Contaminants British Columbia Ministry of Healthy Living and Sport Population and Public Health Victoria, B.C. July 2009 2009-09-24 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Contaminants Inventoried............................................................................................... 4 3. Sources of Data for 2005 Point Source Inventory .......................................................... 5 3.1 NPRI Database.......................................................................................................... 5 3.2 WASTE / Fee Database ............................................................................................ 5 4. Determination of Actual Loadings ................................................................................. 6 4.1 Particulate Matter Loadings...................................................................................... 6 4.2 Determination of Other CAC Loadings.................................................................... 7 5. Results for B.C. outside of CLFV................................................................................... 7 5.1 Facility Types and Counts ........................................................................................ 7 5.1.1 Discussion.......................................................................................................... 9 5.2 Emission Loadings for 2005 ................................................................................... 10 5.2.1 Discussion........................................................................................................ 11 6. Comparison to the 2000 Point Source Inventory.......................................................... 12 7. Results for Canadian Lower Fraser Valley................................................................... 13 7.1 Discussion............................................................................................................... 14 8. Area Sources ................................................................................................................. 14 9. Mobile Sources ............................................................................................................. 16 10. Provincial Summary ................................................................................................... 18 2009-09-24 2 1. Introduction This report presents an estimate of the provincial air emissions representing the year 2005. Loading estimations from the Mobile and Area source sectors were taken from work of Environment Canada and Metro Vancouver Regional District. Loading estimates of Point sources outside of the Canadian Lower Fraser Valley (CLFV) were estimated from facility reports, Ministry of Environment permit data and analysis of facility processes and production data. Loadings of Point sources within the CLFV were prepared by Metro Vancouver from their permit data. The overall method of compiling the 2005 Point Source inventory can be described as a top-down approach. The main sources of data for this work were the Ministry of Environment permit and fee databases as well as the National Pollutant Release Inventory database from Environment Canada. This is a different approach than the 2000 Emission Inventory work which was more of a bottom-up approach based on a survey of Ministry of Environment permit holders. The 2005 Point Source inventory for the province outside of the Canadian Lower Fraser Valley contains 1,026 facilities, emitting a total of 546,373 tonnes of Criteria Air Contaminants. The wood industry and pulp industry sectors continue to account for the majority of loadings for CO, VOC and PM averaging approximately 85% of the provincial total. The oil and gas production and pipeline transportation sectors have the majority of the provincial total for loadings of NOx and SOx averaging about 65% of the provincial total. To interpret the various tables provided in this report, it is useful to know the boundaries for the Canadian Lower Fraser Valley (CLFV). The CLFV is defined in this report as o o bounded on the north by latitude 49 30’, on the east by longitude 121 15’, on the west o by longitude 123 20’, and on the south by the Canada/United States border. Figure 1 shows the CLFV area. Throughout this report it is assumed that the information presented is for the study area of B.C. outside the CLFV unless otherwise stated. Facilities within the CLFV are administered by Metro Vancouver Regional District. 2009-09-24 3 LI ONS BAY HOPE WEST NORTH VANCOUVER VANCOUVER COQUITLAM PORT MOODY KENT MAPLE RIDGE PITT VANCOUVER MISSION BURNABY MEADOWS NEW WEST CHILLIWACK RICHMOND SURREY LANGLEY ABBOTSFORD DELTA WHI TE ROCK Figure 1. Illustration of Canadian Lower Fraser Valley 2. Contaminants Inventoried The criteria air contaminants (CACs) contained in this emission inventory are defined as follows: • carbon monoxide (CO); • nitrogen oxides (NOX) – includes nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), reported as NO2 equivalent; • sulphur oxides (SOX) – includes sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3), reported as SO2 equivalent; • volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – any organic compound which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions, but excluding methane, ethane, methyl chloroform, methylene chloride, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-22, FC-23, HCFC-123, HCRC-141b, HCFC-142b, and HFC-1341 (excluded because of their negligible photochemical reactivity); and • total particulate matter (Total PM or T-PM): or total suspended particulate matter of all sizes; includes emissions of PM10 and PM2.5, described as follows: • PM10 – particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than or equal to 10 micrometers. This group can be considered inhalable particulate; • PM2.5 – particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 micrometers. This group can be referred to as the fine fraction of PM10, or respirable particulate matter. Total reduced sulphur (TRS) data were collected for the pulp mill sector only. An ideal data set for TRS would have included the oil and gas sector. However, since Environment Canada did not include TRS for sources they inventoried it was not possible to give adequate representation for this contaminant. TRS includes hydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (MeSH), dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS). 2009-09-24 4 It should also be noted that for this emission inventory, only primary emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 are quantified. Primary emissions are those which are emitted directly to the atmosphere from a source. Secondary fine particulate matter forms in the atmosphere from a complex series of interactions between primary emissions of particles and gases. While the emission inventory does not attempt to quantify secondary emissions, the primary emissions data are used as an input to current efforts to model secondary particulate formation. 3. Sources of Data for 2005 Point Source Inventory This report covers emissions from point sources – generally larger industrial facilities that hold a Ministry of Environment authorization (permit, approval or regulation) under the Environmental Management Act (EMA)1, or that report to the Environment Canada National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI)2. 3.1 NPRI Database NPRI is a national publicly accessible database with information on the releases of key pollutants to air, water, land and disposal or recycling in Canada. This database covers releases from all sources except mobile sources and certain sector activities such as agriculture, education and some mining activities. In 2002, CACs including T-PM, PM10 and PM2.5 were added to the list of reportable substances. All facilities, including industrial, government, commercial and other facilities, with greater than 20,000 employee hours are required to report annual releases of particulate matter if they were released in a quantity of: • 20 tonnes or more of T-PM (diameter less than 100 microns); • 0.5 tonnes or more of PM10; and • 0.3 tonnes or more of PM2.5 3.2 WASTE / Fee Database Information regarding every provincial permit is stored in a database called WASTE (now superseded by AMS), however only those parameters quoted in the permit are usually listed in WASTE. These generally are only the parameters of interest to the type of facility; for example a facility that had a wood waste boiler would have total particulate matter listed in the permit but would not likely have NOx, CO or SO2 listed. Further, since parameter criteria listed in permits are considered as “never exceed” criteria, permit holders tend to be conservative (i.e. to provide a greater margin of safety with respect to compliance) when negotiating the permit criteria even though this will increase their annual permit fees. 1 See http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/epd/industrial/index.htm for more info 2 See http://www.ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/default.asp?lang=En&n=4A577BB9-1 for more info 2009-09-24 5 When the Permit Fee Regulation was enacted, the estimation of all criteria air contaminant loadings was required in order to calculate the annual permit fee. For parameters quoted in the permit, permit criteria values were used. However, this results in a double maximum loading estimation as the permit criteria concentration is multiplied by the permit criteria flow rate for the facility running at 100% of permitted