DOCSLIB.ORG

Green Economy in the Heart of Borneo (Hob)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Green Economy in the Heart of Borneo (Hob) THIS PUBLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF FACTSHEET HoB Green economy in the Heart of Borneo (HoB) 2016 Integrating conservation, economic development and well-being of communities across the Heart of Borneo © WWF-INDONESIA/SUGENG HENDRATNO The Heart of Borneo (HoB) is a 22-million hectare The project has five major outputs: landscape of natural capital with intact forests that 1. A transboundary Green Economy Management is home to a diverse group of wildlife species such Concept comprising Land-Use Plan and Green as orang utan, clouded leopard, pygmy elephant and Economy Action Plan is developed and accepted by Sumatran rhino. Apart from being one of WWF’s global government authorities; priority conservation areas, HoB is also an important 2. Awareness is raised and capacities are developed socio-economic development area for the livelihoods of among business sectors to adopt environmentally- the local and indigenous people. friendly business practices for palm oil and timber productions; A two-million hectare site, spanning from northern 3. Local communities are empowered to co-manage West Kalimantan to the south-west of Sarawak, has natural resources in a sustainable manner and been identified for this HoB Transboundary Corridor according to the green economy concept; project, funded under the International Climate 4. The Green Economy Management Concept is Initiative, Federal Ministry for the Environment, replicated across the whole of HoB, particularly in Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety of conservation areas that are of critical importance to Germany. the international community; 5. Internal management structure is applied, The corridor project aims at developing a green for an effective, transparent and successful economy management concept that promotes implementation of the project. environmentally-friendly resource use and production within the transboundary HoB Corridor for West The project is expected to generate economic, social and Kalimantan and Sa rawak. environmental benefits to mankind and nature. PAPER FROM RESPONSIBLE SOURCES GREEN ECONOMY IN THE HEART OF BORNEO (HoB) PROJECT BENEFITS KEY FEATURES This project contributes to all the five pillars This project is situated within the HoB OF PROJECT SITE under the HoB Action Plan as endorsed by the Corridor initiative that aims at creating an Malaysian and Indonesia governments. They ecological connectivity between protected are transboundary management, protected areas and different land uses that spans area management, sustainable resource Brunei Darussalam, the two Malaysian states management, ecotourism and capacity of Sabah and Sarawak, and four Indonesian building. Thus, this project will demonstrate provinces of West, Central, East and North how sustainable economic development can Kalimantan (see map below). Commodity production be integrated with conservation. & ecotourism area Orang utan habitat National parks/ protected areas Production forests & oil palm plantations PROJECT TEAM & PARTNERS Local communities Project supporter: BMEL German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature & livelihoods HoB Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety of Germany Project managers: WWF- Germany, WWF-Indonesia & WWF-Malaysia WWF.PANDA.ORG/BORNEO Partners: Forest Department Sarawak & Kapuas Hulu District Office Water catchments For more information, please contact: Why we are here To stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and WWF-Indonesia (Kalimantan Office) to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. Pontianak Office, Jl. Karna Sosial Gg. Wonoyoso II, No. 3 Pontianak, 78121 Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia wwf.panda.org/borneo Email: [email protected] WWF-Malaysia (Sarawak Office) 7th Floor, Bangunan Binamas, Jalan Padungan, Supported by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature 93100 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety in accordance with a resolution Email: [email protected] of the German Bundestag - AZ 113-07118-687 06/0011.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heart of Borneo a Natural Priority for a Green Economy
    HoB 2012 Heart of Borneo A natural priority for a green economy Map 100% RECYCLED TOWARDS A GREEN ECONOMY IN THE HEART OF BORNEO HOW WWF SUPPORTS THE THREE GOVERNMENTS IN THE HEART OF BORNEO INITIATIVE Business and Economics Sustainable Landscape Management Enabling Conditions Species Conservation Sustainable forestry Protected areas Ecosystem-based spatial planning Safeguarding Flagship species In 2011, WWF Indonesia’s Global Forest & Trade Network signed a There are almost 4 million ha of protected areas within the HoB, these WWF is working with governments to integrate the value of Elephant and rhino work in key habitats in Sabah in 2010 continued FACTSHEETS Participation Agreement with the biggest single forest concession holder in the provide a vital refuge for critically endangered species. The HoB is ecosystem and biodiversity into government’s land-use plans and with the establishment of a rhino protection unit, evaluation of HoB. The agreement covers more than 350,000 hectares and is considered a currently one of only two places on Earth where orangutans, elephants, policies. In Indonesia this includes the development of a spatial plan enforcement policies and legislation, and the creation of an elephant milestone for WWF, representing a significant commitment towards sustainable 1 Seeking a Bird’s Eye View on Orang-utan Survival rhinos and clouded leopards coexist and is likely to be the only future specific to the Heart of Borneo based on the value of providing action plan. forest management. stronghold for these species. Protected areas are the backbone of WWF’s water-related ecosystem services, carbon sequestration and as a 2 Forest Restoration Programme in North Ulu Segama, Sabah work to protect these iconic endangered species and the organization will global biodiversity hotspot.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS of the HEART of BORNEO V Introduction
    REPORT HoB The Environmental Status 2014 of the Heart of Borneo Main author: Stephan Wulffraat GIS production: Khairil Fahmi Faisal; I Bagus Ketut Wedastra; Aurelie Shapiro Photos: as credited in captions. Published: January 2014 by WWF’s HoB Initiative Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © Text 2014 WWF All rights reserved ISBN 978-602-19901-0-0 WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent con- servation organisations, with more than five million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environ- ment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by: conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF THE HEART OF BORNEO V Introduction The island of Borneo, encompassing parts of HoB is also known for the cultural and linguistic Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei, is recognized diversity of the several ethnic groups of as a global conservation priority, yet over the indigenous peoples collectively known as Dayak. last few decades the lowland portions of the Local people depend on the forest for a variety island of Borneo in Indonesia has suffered of resources including: food, medicinal plants, from deforestation, forest fire, and conversion non-timber forest products for trade, wild game, to estate crops. The central upland portions of fish, construction materials and water.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heart of Borneo: the Nexus of Bioregional Transition, Indigenous Environmental Ethics and Environmental Sustainability
    The Heart of Borneo: the nexus of bioregional transition, indigenous environmental ethics and environmental sustainability International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) 2016 Conference held at the University of District Columbia, Washington, D.C, United States June 26-29, 2016 Choy Yee Keong Graduate School of Economics Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan [email protected] This work was supported by the MEXT*－Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private University, 2014-2018 (*Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan) Aim To critically examine the process of bio- regional transition to a Green Economy in Borneo To examine the connection between indigenous environmental ethics and environmental sustainability and its implications on bioregional green economic transition Located in Southeast Asia Composition: Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (the states of Sarawak and Sabah) and Brunei, covering an area of roughly 740,000 km2) 3rd largest island in the world next to Greenland and New Guinea 3 Natural Cultural value value A unique blend of Economic value Forests evolved about 100 million years ago 15,000 plant species (>5,000 endemic) 150 reptile and amphibian species 100 mammal species 200 bird species Between 1994 and 2004: 361 new species 30 unique fish species identified 16 ginger species 3 tree species 2 tree frog species 2006 alone: 52 new species indentified 1 large-leafed plant Source: WWF, Indonesia, 2006 species Plant diversity: as great as all of Africa which is 40 times the size of Borneo Source: Schilthuizen, M. 2006. Biodiscoveries. Borneo’s Botanical Secret. World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Jakarta, Indonesia 8 world’s largest flower species Source: WWF (undated): http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/borneo_forests/about_borneo_forests/borneo_animals/bor neo_plants/, also, in WWF.
    [Show full text]
  • A Paradise of Biological Wonder
    FACTSHEET HoB 2018 Heart of Borneo A paradise of Biological Wonder © WWF-MALAYSIA / LEE SHAN KHEE AN ESTIMATED Borneo, the world’s third largest island, is a The HoB plays a critical role in securing treasure trove for biodiversity and natural re- water services and carbon stock, preserv- 6% OF GLOBAL sources. An estimated 6% of global biodiver- ing biodiversity, ecosystem connectivity and BIODIVERSITY sity resides in the forests that still cover half building resilience to climate change for the RESIDES IN THE of its surface. Much of this lies in the Heart of sustainable development of the whole island Borneo, an approximately 23 million of hect- of Borneo and its people. This area also plays FORESTS THAT ares belt of tropical rainforest that covers the a vital function as a water catchment for the STILL COVER HALF territories of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia island. and Malaysia and provide ecosystem services OF ITS SURFACE to 11 million Bornean people. WWF identifies Borneo as one of its top glob- al conservation targets and channels its sup- This immense natural capital is under threat port to the HoB Initiative through the WWF Brunei Darussalam because of deforestation and development Heart of Borneo Programme – a partnership driven by unsustainable exploitation and of WWF-Indonesia and WWF-Malaysia. Malaysia poor governance of natural resources. Borneo has now lost half of its historical forest cover and rapid deforestation continues inside Country Width Indonesia and outside the Heart of Borneo, a process (hectare) (%) that threatens species survival and under- mines the wellbeing of future generations in Total Brunei Darussalam 409,861.08 1.75% Borneo.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on the Heart of Borneo
    Reflections on the Heart of Borneo Borneo.indd 1 10/15/08 4:41:35 PM Borneo.indd 2 10/15/08 4:41:35 PM Reflections on the Heart of Borneo editors Gerard A. Persoon Manon Osseweijer Tropenbos International Wageningen, the Netherlands 2008 Borneo.indd 3 10/15/08 4:41:36 PM Gerard A. Persoon and Manon Osseweijer (editors) Reflections on the Heart of Borneo (Tropenbos Series 24) Cover: Farmer waiting for the things to come (photo: G.A. Persoon) ISBN 978-90-5113-091-1 ISSN 1383-6811 © 2008 Tropenbos International The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Tropenbos International. No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any form including print photocopy, microfilm, and electromagnetic record without prior written permission. Layout: Sjoukje Rienks, Amsterdam Borneo.indd 4 10/15/08 4:41:36 PM Preface This book contains a selection of revised papers that were presented during the Heart of Borneo conference in Leiden in 2005. This conference was organised jointly by the World Wide Fund for Nature (wwf Netherlands), the Internation- al Institute for Asian Studies (iias) and the Institute of Environmental Sciences (cml) as a follow-up of another conference organised in Brunei in April 2005. During that meeting political leaders of Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei, together with scientists from the region, as well as representatives of the major interna- tional conservation agencies discussed the need to collectively take responsibility for the protection of the Heart of Borneo, the large transborder area of high con- servation value shared by the three countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Borneo and Indochina Are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity Mark De Bruyn Bangor University
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Online University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2014 Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity Mark de Bruyn Bangor University Bjorn Stelbrink Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Robert J. Morley Royal Holloway University of London Robert Hall Royal Holloway University of London Gary R. Carvalho Bangor University See next page for additional authors Publication Details de Bruyn, M., Stelbrink, B., Morley, R. j., Hall, R., Carvalho, G. R., Cannon, C. H., van den Bergh, G., Meijaard, E., Metcalfe, I., Boitani, L., Maiorano, L., Shoup, R. & Von Rintelen, T. (2014). Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity. Systematic Biology, 63 (6), 879-901. Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity Abstract Tropical Southeast Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine the assembly of the Southeast Asian biota through time and space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic and biological (including 61 phylogenetic) datasets to test which areas have been the sources of long-term biological diversity in SE Asia, particularly in the pre-Miocene, Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene, and whether the respective biota have been dominated by in situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Cypriniformes of Borneo (Actinopterygii, Otophysi): an Extraordinary Fauna for Integrated Studies on Diversity, Systematics, Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation
    Zootaxa 3586: 359–376 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7A06704C-8DE5-4B9F-9F4B-42F7C6C9B32F Cypriniformes of Borneo (Actinopterygii, Otophysi): An Extraordinary Fauna for Integrated Studies on Diversity, Systematics, Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation ZOHRAH H. SULAIMAN1 & R.L MAYDEN2 1Biological Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; E-mail:[email protected] 2Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Ave, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri 63103, USA; E-mail:[email protected] Abstract Borneo Island is governed by the countries of Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Indonesia (Kalimantan) and is part of Sundaland. These countries have a high diversity of freshwater fishes, especially described and undescribed species of Cypriniformes; together these species and other flora and fauna represent an extraordinary opportunity for worldwide collaboration to investigate the biodiversity, conservation, management and evolution of Borneo’s wildlife. Much of the fauna and flora of Borneo is under significant threat, warranting an immediate and swift international collaboration to rapidly inventory, describe, and conserve the diversity. The Sunda drainage appears to have been an important evolutionary centre for many fish groups, including cypriniforms (Cyprinidae, Balitoridae and Gyrinocheilidae); however, Northwestern Borneo (Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak) is not connected to Sundaland, and this disjunction likely explains the non-homogeneity of Bornean ichthyofauna. A previous study confirmed that northern Borneo, eastern Borneo and Sarawak shared a similar ichthyofauna, findings that support the general hypothesis for freshwater connections at one time between western Borneo and central Sumatra, and south Borneo and Java island.
    [Show full text]
  • WWF-Malaysia Strategy 2012–2020 S Trategy 2012-2020Trategy Wwf .Org
    • WWF-Malaysia STRATEGY 2012-2020 WWF-Malaysia strategy 2012–2020 s trategy trategy 2012-2020 wwf .org. M y A Special Thanks T o All STAff of WWf-MAlAySiA And individuAlS ouTSide The orgAniSATion Who hAS conTribuTed conTenT, MApS, phoToS And feedbAck for The WWf-MAlAySiA STrATegy 2012-2020. publiShed by WWF-Malaysia 49, Jalan SS23/15, Taman SEA 47400 Petaling Jaya Selangor DE, Malaysia All rights reserved by WWF-Malaysia and none of the contents of this publication may be reprinted without the permission of WWF-Malaysia. SuggeSTed ciTATion WWF-Malaysia. 2012. WWF-Malaysia Strategy 2012-2020. WWF-Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor. cover phoTo Lau Ching Fong/WWF-Malaysia Table of contents iii List of acronyms v Message from the Chairman of the Board and CEO of WWF-Malaysia vi Executive Summary chApTer 1 Introduction 1 Malaysia’s Economy and Emerging Trends 4 Fisheries, Plantation Industries and Commodities in Malaysia 6 Emerging Global and Regional Policy Trends on Sustainability and Climate Change chApTer 2 The Evolution of WWF-Malaysia 8 Introduction 10 Network Evolution Aspirations chApTer 3 14 Conservation Plan 16 Global Programme Framework 22 WWF-Malaysia’s Conservation Department and Programmes 23 Conservation Programme Strategies 26 Macro Strategies for Conservation Programmes 32 Partnership as a Strategy to Achieve Conservation 34 Terrestrial Conservation 35 Division Structure and Strategic Plan 38 Global and Regional Alignment 43 National Programme Strategies 45 Peninsular Malaysia Programmes 46 Borneo Programmes 50 Marine Conservation
    [Show full text]
  • Borneo: Treasure Island at Risk
    Borneo: Treasure Island at Risk Status of Forest, Wildlife and related Threats on the Island of Borneo Acknowledgement The following persons provided valuable advice and information to this report: - Fitrian Ardiansyah, WWF Indonesia - Stuart Chapman, WWF Indonesia - David S. Edwards, University of Brunei Darussalam - Nina Griesshammer, WWF Germany - Mirjam Müller, WWF Germany - Bambang Supriyanto, WWF Indonesia - Junaidi Payne, WWF Malaysia - Florian Siegert, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich - Lely Rulia Siregar, Indonesian Ministry of Forestry - Alois Vedder, WWF Germany - Stefan Ziegler, WWF Germany Published by: WWF Germany, Frankfurt am Main, June 2005 Authors: Mario Rautner, Consultant, Borealis Centre for Environment and Trade Research Martin Hardiono (maps), Consultant Raymond J. Alfred (Sabah maps), WWF Malaysia Coordinator: Markus Radday, WWF Germany, Assistance: Mirjam Müller, WWF Germany Contact: Markus Radday, WWF Germany, phone +49 69 7 91 44-189; e-mail: [email protected] Layout text: Astrid Ernst Production Rainer Litty, WWF Germany Printed on recycled paper © 2005 WWF Germany, Frankfurt am Main Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit of the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Cover photo: © WWF Jikkie Jonkman / Alain Compost Preface The forests of Borneo are rapidly disappearing: A man-made disaster. A few decades ago the third largest island on our planet was still covered by a vast green carpet of lush rainforest. These forests are invaluable because of the diversity of unique plants and animals they harbour: Majestic species such as orang-utans, elephants and rhinos, to name but a few. Equally important: They are of critical value to people, both as a prized natural heritage and for the goods and services that they provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Capital Project in the Heart of Borneo Investing in Nature for a Green Economy
    Natural Capital Project in the Heart of Borneo Investing in Nature for a Green Economy Rainforests in Central Borneo that straddle the borders of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei are one of the earth’s riches biological treasure traoves. Like many tropical areas, forests in Borneo face rapid clearing for commercial uses, particularly to support rubber, palm oil, and wood production. More than two decades of unsustainable logging and hunting, forest fires, plantation development and mining has led to a degradation of forest and freshwater ecosystems in the “Heart of Borneo.” High pesticide use and nutrient runoff from palm oil plantations and agriculture continue to impact water quality, threatening the well‐being of over 11 million people and thousands of local species including endangered orangutans that now live only on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. © WWF‐Indonesia Results Shared responsibility to manage Borneo’s forests has spurred an ambitious trans‐boundary conservation initiative. Released report featured at Rio+20: In early 2007 the governments of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia The Heart of Borneo: Investing in signed the Heart of Borneo Declaration to protect an area of more than 220,000 Nature for a Green Economy was km2 in the center of the island and bordering all three countries. released in June 2012 to highlight This historic initiative in the Heart of Borneo is working to establish a functioning methods of developing and framework for trans‐boundary implementing green development cooperation around a number of projects in Borneo. key areas: Supported local partners in mapping Establishment of ecosystem services: Following a multi‐ stakeholder workshop conducted by protected areas the Natural Capital Project and WWF in Investment in sustainable Jakarta in December 2010, InVEST analysis was conducted primarily by a resource management local Indonesian team, with support © WWF‐Indonesia from the Natural Capital Project and Support for ecotourism other partners.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Baim, a Rescued Orangutan
    The story of Baim, a rescued orangutan Student Resource 1: Unit 1 The Story of Baim, a Rescued Orangutan by Trishna Gurung Published at worldwildlife.org/stories/the-story- of-baim-a-rescued-baby-orangutan Here hungry little Baim takes a bottle. Rescued baby orangutans are usually fed human baby formula. omehow, in the long day and waited four hours for his mother to Baim now lives with more than a night that he was rescued and return. The men knew that a mother dozen other orangutans in Ketapang given to WWF’s care, my little orangutan would never willingly leave Orangutan Centre of International S“man of the forest”—a tiny baby her infant behind and was instead likely Animal Rescue. He will grow to orangutan with a nimbus of red hair— the victim of poachers, so they took adulthood there and like the others, managed to lodge himself in my heart. Baim to their longhouse. They could’ve wait for a future that will return him to I met Baim—incongruously named after sold him into the pet trade, but chose the forest. an Indonesian celebrity—in the Heart of to hand him over to the national park Borneo, a forest region on the island of ranger who notified WWF staff. Securing a Future for Orangutans Borneo. Baim was in a cardboard box After meeting with senior district Progress is being made to protect lined with newspapers and crying for officials, WWF was given responsibility orangutans and their homes. In 2007, his mother, terrified to be without her to take Baim to the provincial the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia and surrounded by strangers in a place headquarters.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Borneo the Heart of Borneo the Heart
    What is the Heart of Borneo Initiative? FOREST COVER 2015 Heart of Borneo (HoB) is an initiative of Indonesia and Malaysia declared a commit- Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia ment to preserve and sustainably manage the to preserve one of Borneo’s best remaining HoB area. rainforests and water catchments in the in- terior of the island for the welfare of pre sent What is the area of the Heart of Bor- and future generations. neo? The HoB area covers approximately 23 million hectares of ecologically connected Three Countries’ Initiative and Co- forest across three countries. A large portion operation. In Bali, on February 12, 2007, of this land — of which 71% is dominated by the Governments of Brunei Darussalam, tropical rain forests — is located in Indonesia. THETHE HEARTHEART Country Width (hectare) (%) Total Brunei Darussalam 409,861.08 1.75% Belait 264,005.36 1.13% OFOF BORNEOBORNEO SYAHIRSYAH / JIMMY © WWF-INDONESIA Temburong 94,784.80 0.40% INDONESIAINDONESIA Tutong 51,070.91 0.22% Total Indonesia 16,890,809.92 71.09% West Kalimantan 4,916,316.41 20.98% Central Kalimantan 3,008,377.28 12.84% East Kalimantan 3,756,672.88 16.03% North Kalimantan 5,209,443.35 22.23% Total Malaysia 6,130,943.50 26.17% Sarawak 2,187,949.99 9.34% Sabah 3,942,993.50 16.83% Total HoB 23,431,614.49 100% © WWF-INDONESIA / ARIEF DESTIKA Historical extent of Borneo forest cover Why is the HoB Conservation and sustainable Non Forest Forest important? development in HoB he HoB plays a critical role in securing 1900 onservation in the HoB area means improving Twater services and carbon stock, pre- Cthe management and governance of protected serving biodiversity, ecosystem connectivity areas such as national parks, wildlife and nature and building resilience to climate change reserves.
    [Show full text]