DOCSLIB.ORG

Religion and Liberalism in the Nineteeenth Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religion and Liberalism in the Nineteeenth Century THE AMERICAN MORAL ESTABLISHMENT: RELIGION AND LIBERALISM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY David Sehat A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved By John F. Kasson (chair) W. Fitzhugh Brundage Peter Filene Michael Lienesch Grant Wacker © 2007 David Sehat ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT DAVID SEHAT: The American Moral Establishment: Religion and Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century (Under the direction of John F. Kasson) The relationship of religion to political governance is one of the most vexed questions in the modern world, but it is a central tenet of the American myth that the United States has solved the problem with the advent of modern religious liberty. In fact the United States maintained an established or state-supported religion through much of its history. The moral establishment moved through the proxy of laws designed, in the explanation of its proponents, to uphold public morals and good order. But the moral establishment often upheld a religiously derived morality, so although the establishment was not forthrightly a religious establishment, religious ideals still possessed the coercive power of law. Law in the nineteenth century became a way of advancing a regulatory regime that held a relative view of individual rights, rigidly subordinated to what courts thought was the good of the whole, and it was the moral establishment that prescribed the duties that citizens owed to one another and to the state. Part of that prescribed moral obligation entailed the limitation, the situational qualification, or even the flat denial of individual rights to women, Afro-Americans, and religious minorities including Catholics, Mormons, and free thinkers. Yet the paradox of the moral establishment was that as it increased its reach and attained a more-fully elaborated symbolic repertory and a finer-grained articulation of the limits of moral behavior, its proponents felt increasingly uneasy. Its growing intermediate range, iii neither forthrightly supporting Christianity nor effecting a complete separation of religion and government, left some proponents worried that it was a house built on sand, whose uncertain stability resulted from a lack of clear connection to what they took to be the rock bed of Christianity. Historians have typically taken religious rhetoric on face value, assuming that the decline in religious power was real, but ultimately the religious rhetoric of decline served to further consolidate the establishment’s support. By the end of the nineteenth century the moral establishment was more firmly entrenched than it had been at the beginning, and religious hold on the levers of public life was tighter than ever. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was made possible by a 2005-2007 Liebmann Fellowship from the Dolores Zohrab Liebmann Foundation, a 2005 Summer Research Fellowship from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) History Department, a 2005 Summer Stipend from the UNC Center for the Study of the American South, and a 2005 George Mowry Dissertation Research Grant from the UNC History Department. Portions of this work appeared previously under the title “The Civilizing Mission of Booker T. Washington,” Journal of Southern History 73 (May 2007): 323-362, and are reprinted by permission of the Journal of Southern History. My committee has helped me in numerous ways. My advisor, John F. Kasson, showed me what history can be through his books, allowed me enough space to pursue an unusual project, and helped keep me on track in the process. Grant Wacker provided the original idea and impetus for the dissertation, though it has changed significantly in the interim. W. Fitzhugh Brundage suggested that I consider the activities and attitudes of Booker T. Washington and brought out the liberal narrative that I was implicitly addressing. Michael Lienesch provided a helpful note of skepticism, and pointed out my own tendency to follow a Hartzian narrative at a very early stage. Finally, Peter Filene reminded me to keep it readable and accessible for non-specialists. In addition to the committee, several other people read various portions of the work at various times, to the manuscript’s great improvement. For their criticism and intellectual exchange I am indebted (in alphabetical order) to David L. Davis, D.G. Hart, v Kathryn Loftin, Laurie F. Maffly-Kipp, Pauline Maier, Genna Rae McNeil, Phillip Luke Sinitiere, Benjamin E. Wise, and Ann K. Ziker. Surpassing everyone in providing criticism, help, and care was my wife, Connie Moon Sehat. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: RELIGION AND THE AMERICAN MYTH.................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE. THE BEGINNING OF THE MORAL ESTABLISHMENT............. 30 The Tangle of Religious Liberty........................................................................... 33 The Relationship of Religion and Morals............................................................. 41 Religion, Morals and Disestablishment ................................................................ 46 The Creation of the Moral Establishment............................................................. 61 CHAPTER TWO. WOMEN AND THE PROBLEM OF INDIVIDUALISM ............... 88 Legal Coverture and the Divine Subordination of Women .................................. 92 Equal Rights and the Question of Religious Authority ........................................ 98 Individualism, Citizenship, and Social Freedom ................................................ 114 Religious Standards and the Tightening of Family Law .................................... 133 Woman’s Rights and Women’s Moral Responsibility ....................................... 142 CHAPTER THREE. THE CIVILIZING MISSION AND CIVIL RIGHTS................. 157 Slave Christianity and Slave Control.................................................................. 160 Reconstruction and the Civilizing Mission......................................................... 168 Booker T. Washington: Colonized and Colonizer.............................................. 181 Christianity, Segregation, and White Man’s Burden.......................................... 198 CHAPTER FOUR. THE LIMITS OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY ................................... 218 Challenges to the Moral Establishment .............................................................. 221 The Specter of Robert G. Ingersoll..................................................................... 232 vii Conservative Religious Response: Between Persuasion and Coercion.............. 238 The Meaning of Robert Ingersoll........................................................................ 253 APPENDIX: STATE CONSTITUTIONS AND RELIGION ........................................ 266 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................... 287 viii INTRODUCTION: RELIGION AND THE AMERICAN MYTH In 1834 the great American historian George Bancroft published the first volume of his magisterial series, History of the United States. Bancroft’s work would establish the major themes of American history that have come down to the present, emphasizing the genius of the American political system, the austere intellectual rigor of the nation’s Founders, and the virtue and promise of the American people. The United States, Bancroft explained, occupied a unique position in the history of the world due to its peerless political system. The American form of government was “necessarily identified with the interests of the people,” because the principle of freedom was its guiding light. So strong was that principle that even enemies of the state had “liberty to express their opinions undisturbed.” Instead of silencing opponents American political thought enshrined “reason” and mutual discourse so that political enemies could be “safely tolerated.” Most importantly, in a world in which religion and the state were often tightly connected so that political and religious enemies were one and the same, Bancroft touted the principle of religious freedom that existed in the United States where religion was “neither persecuted nor paid by the state.” He was quick to suggest that the lack of public funding did not mean that religion was unimportant. “The regard for public morals and the convictions of an enlightened faith” maintained a land of vigorous belief and order, he claimed, and the American arrangement created a system of laws that made the United States a beacon of liberty to the world, offering “an asylum to the virtuous, the unfortunate, and the oppressed of every nation.”1 Bancroft’s account established the essential myth of the United States, a myth that is hard to reconcile with many parts of the American past. Consider, for example, the story of Charles B. Reynolds. In New Jersey in 1886, Reynolds, a one-time Methodist minister turned freethinker, began holding freethought meetings in a tent. On the first day of the meeting in Boonton a mob entered the tent while Reynolds was speaking, accosting him with rotten eggs and vegetables before cutting the guy-ropes and slashing the canvas. Reynolds fled from Boonton to Morristown with the intention of distributing freethought pamphlets there, but the group from Boonton followed him, demanding that he be indicted. The local authorities responded swiftly, and Reynolds was indicted on two counts of blasphemy, for his activities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Adaptation Strategies of Islamist Movements April 2017 Contents
    POMEPS STUDIES 26 islam in a changing middle east Adaptation Strategies of Islamist Movements April 2017 Contents Understanding repression-adaptation nexus in Islamist movements . 4 Khalil al-Anani, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar Why Exclusion and Repression of Moderate Islamists Will Be Counterproductive . 8 Jillian Schwedler, Hunter College, CUNY Islamists After the “Arab Spring”: What’s the Right Research Question and Comparison Group, and Why Does It Matter? . 12 Elizabeth R. Nugent, Princeton University The Islamist voter base during the Arab Spring: More ideology than protest? . .. 16 Eva Wegner, University College Dublin When Islamist Parties (and Women) Govern: Strategy, Authenticity and Women’s Representation . 21 Lindsay J. Benstead, Portland State University Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Under the Islamic State . 26 Mara Revkin, Yale University and Ariel I. Ahram, Virginia Tech The Muslim Brotherhood Between Party and Movement . 31 Steven Brooke, The University of Louisville A Government of the Opposition: How Moroccan Islamists’ Dual Role Contributes to their Electoral Success . 34 Quinn Mecham, Brigham Young University The Cost of Inclusion: Ennahda and Tunisia’s Political Transition . 39 Monica Marks, University of Oxford Regime Islam, State Islam, and Political Islam: The Past and Future Contest . 43 Nathan J. Brown, George Washington University Middle East regimes are using ‘moderate’ Islam to stay in power . 47 Annelle Sheline, George Washington University Reckoning with a Fractured Islamist Landscape in Yemen . 49 Stacey Philbrick Yadav, Hobart and William Smith Colleges The Lumpers and the Splitters: Two very different policy approaches on dealing with Islamism . 54 Marc Lynch, George Washington University The Project on Middle East Political Science The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS) is a collaborative network that aims to increase the impact of political scientists specializing in the study of the Middle East in the public sphere and in the academic community .
    [Show full text]
  • Catharine Beecher, Domestic Economy, and Social Reform
    Constructing the Past Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 5 2006 Architecture of the Millennium: Catharine Beecher, Domestic Economy, and Social Reform Erie M. Roberts Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing Recommended Citation Roberts, Erie M. (2006) "Architecture of the Millennium: Catharine Beecher, Domestic Economy, and Social Reform," Constructing the Past: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol7/iss1/5 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by editorial board of the Undergraduate Economic Review and the Economics Department at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Architecture of the Millennium: Catharine Beecher, Domestic Economy, and Social Reform Abstract This article discusses Catherine Beecher's ideas about how women, as the Christian moral center and teachers, could reform American society. She put homemakers at a center of power, since she believed that they would be able to not only teach children to become true Christian citizens, but reform men as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the HBSC Collection
    Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center’s Collections Finding Aid To schedule a research appointment, please call the Collections Manager at 860.522.9258 ext. 313 or email [email protected] Harriet Beecher Stowe Papers in the Stowe Center's Collection Note: See end of document for manuscript type definitions. Manuscript type & Recipient Title Date Place length Collection Summary Other Information [Stowe's first known letter] Ten year-old Harriet Beecher writes to her older brother Edward attending Yale. She would like to see "my little sister Isabella". Foote family news. Talks of spending the Nutplains summer at Nutplains. Asks him to write back. Loose signatures of Beecher, Edward (1803-1895) 1822 March 14 [Guilford, CT] ALS, 1 pp. Acquisitions Lyman Beecher and HBS. Album which belonged to HBS; marbelized paper with red leather spine. First written page inscribed: Your Affectionate Father Lyman At end, 1 1/2-page mss of a 28 verse, seven Beecher Sufficient to the day is the evil thereof. Hartford Aug 24, stanza poem, composed by Mrs. Stowe, 1840". Pages 2 and 3 include a poem. There follow 65 mss entitled " Who shall not fear thee oh Lord". poems, original and quotes, and prose from relatives and friends, This poem seems never to have been Katharine S. including HBS's teacher at Miss Pierece's school in Litchfield, CT, published. [Pub. in The Hartford Courant Autograph Bound mss, 74 Day, Bound John Brace. Also two poems of Mrs. Hemans, copied in HBS's Sunday Magazine, Sept., 1960].Several album 1824-1844 Hartford, CT pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe's Multifaceted Response to the Nineteenth
    Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Multifaceted Response to the Nineteenth-Century Woman Question amy easton-flake Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/tneq/article-pdf/86/1/29/1793865/tneq_a_00256.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 N the decade following the American Civil War, the I renowned children of Lyman Beecher each took his or her own position along the broad spectrum of debate con- cerning woman suffrage. Henry Ward Beecher served as the first president of the American Woman Suffrage Association (estab. 1869); Isabella Beecher Hooker worked closely with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in the National Woman Suffrage Association (estab. 1869); Catharine Beecher helped found the first female-led antisuffrage association, the Anti-Sixteenth Amendment Society (estab. 1870); and Harriet Beecher Stowe, despite pressure from her siblings and other movement leaders and an obvious interest in the issue, re- mained aloof from all organized groups. In the absence of any definitive statement from her, each faction claimed her as an advocate. Between 1870 and 1871, for example, each organi- zation’s journal either listed Stowe as a contributor or quoted from her writings.1 In recent years, literary critics Josephine Donovan and Bar- bara A. White have investigated Stowe’s relation to suffrage 1Stanton listed both Isabella Beecher Hooker and Harriet Beecher Stowe as “prin- cipal contributors” (p. 397)inthe23 December 1869 Revolution, organ of the National Woman Suffrage Association, although Stowe never contributed a single piece of writ- ing to it. Stowe did contribute numerous pieces to the Woman’s Journal. For instance, she praised the Woman’s Journal for its “conservative religious tone” and for not fol- lowing George Sand and the French Woman’s movement (3 September 1870,p.273).
    [Show full text]
  • American Heritage Day
    American Heritage Day DEAR PARENTS, Each year the elementary school students at Valley Christian Academy prepare a speech depicting the life of a great American man or woman. The speech is written in the first person and should include the character’s birth, death, and major accomplishments. Parents should feel free to help their children write these speeches. A good way to write the speech is to find a child’s biography and follow the story line as you construct the speech. This will make for a more interesting speech rather than a mere recitation of facts from the encyclopedia. Students will be awarded extra points for including spiritual application in their speeches. Please adhere to the following time limits. K-1 Speeches must be 1-3 minutes in length with a minimum of 175 words. 2-3 Speeches must be 2-5 minutes in length with a minimum of 350 words. 4-6 Speeches must be 3-10 minutes in length with a minimum of 525 words. Students will give their speeches in class. They should be sure to have their speeches memorized well enough so they do not need any prompts. Please be aware that students who need frequent prompting will receive a low grade. Also, any student with a speech that doesn’t meet the minimum requirement will receive a “D” or “F.” Students must portray a different character each year. One of the goals of this assignment is to help our children learn about different men and women who have made America great. Help your child choose characters from whom they can learn much.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture As Social Reform In
    FEMINIST APPLEPIEVILLE: ARCHITECTURE AS SOCIAL REFORM IN CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN’S FICTION _______________________________________________________________ A thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia __________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts __________________________________ by MARY McPHERSON DAVIS Dr. Nancy West, Thesis Advisor MAY 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled FEMINIST APPLEPIEVILLE: ARCHITECTURE AS SOCIAL REFORM IN CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMANS FICTION Presented by Mary Davis, A candidate for the degree of Master of English Literature, And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. ______________________________ Nancy West ______________________________ Patricia Okker ______________________________ Keith Eggner Thanks to Mum, Deanna, Jessie, Stu and Bill for all your encouragement and kindness. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A great thanks to my advisor, Nancy West, who was ever so helpful, inspiring, patient, and stern, when necessary. Also, I am very grateful to my other committee members, Pat Okker and Keith Eggener. I am beholden to my mother, Polly Aird, and to Bill Kerwin who read and reread for me. - ii - TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………….ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS……………………………………………………………..iv INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………...1 Section 1 1. GILMAN’S BIOGRAPHY AND MOTIVATIONS FOR WORLD IMPROVEMENT……………………………………………………………3
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Religion in Public Life and Official Pressure to Participate in Alcoholics Anonymous, 65 U
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Law Faculty Scholarly Articles Law Faculty Publications Summer 1997 The Role of Religion in Public Life and Official essurPr e to Participate in Alcoholics Anonymous Paul E. Salamanca University of Kentucky College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the First Amendment Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Paul E. Salamanca, The Role of Religion in Public Life and Official Pressure to Participate in Alcoholics Anonymous, 65 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1093 (1997). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Faculty Publications at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Scholarly Articles by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Role of Religion in Public Life and Official essurPr e to Participate in Alcoholics Anonymous Notes/Citation Information University of Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 4 (Summer 1997), pp. 1093-1168 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub/412 THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN PUBLIC LIFE AND OFFICIAL PRESSURE TO PARTICIPATE IN ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS Paul E. Salamanca* [F]or an hour it was deadly dull, and I was fidgety. Miss Watson would say, "Dont put your feet up there, Huckleberry;" and "dont scrunch up like that, Huckleberry-set up straight;" and pretty soon she would say, "Don't gap and stretch like that, Huckleberry-why don't you try to behave?" Then she told me all about the bad place, and I said I wished I was there.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationally Competitive Scholarships and Fellowships for Graduating Seniors and Graduate Students
    Nationally Competitive Scholarships and Fellowships For Graduating Seniors and Graduate Students If interested in learning more or in applying, contact: Trisha Folds-Bennett, PhD Coordinator, Nationally Competitive Awards 953-6592 [email protected] Intent to Apply Deadline: At least three months before application deadline Last Updated: October 23, 2012 1 Opportunities Outside the U.S. Alexia Foundation for World Peace Student Competition Candidates must be interested in photojournalism and increasing their own knowledge and understanding of other cultures by studying photojournalism at Syracuse University in London, England. • Deadline: February 1 • Eligibility: Must be enrolled full-time students in an accredited college of university in the U.S. or abroad. No student who completed more than three internships or a year of full-time professional experience is eligible. • Application Procedure: Proposal (up to 750 words), Project summary (25 words), Portfolio, Resumé, Three references • Amount of Award: graduating seniors/graduate students - $8,000 scholarship to study photojournalism in London; undergraduate students – full-tuition scholarship (15,300) • Length of Award: One academic semester • Website: http://www.alexiafoundation.org/grants The American Scandinavian Foundation Candidates must be interested in pursuing research or study in one or more Scandinavian countries. • Deadline: November 1 • Eligibility: US Citizenship or Permanent Residents of the US, Must have completed undergraduate education by start of project, Must
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutionalizing Secularism, Alternative
    This article is published in a peer‐reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Constitutionalizing secularism, alternative secularisms or liberal-democratic constitutionalism? A critical reading of some Turkish, ECtHR and Indian Supreme Court cases on ‘secularism’ Veit Bader* 1. Introduction Recently, the heated debates on secularism in social sciences, politics and, increasingly, in political theory and political philosophy have also infected legal theory, constitutional law and comparative constitutionalism. Generally speaking, it may indeed be ‘too late to ban the word “secular”’ or to remove ‘secularism’ from our cultural vocabulary. The argument, however, that ‘too many controversies have already been stated in these terms’1 seems unconvincing to me. For the purposes of normative theory generally, and particularly for those of constitutional law and jurisprudence, the focus of this article, I have proposed to replace all normative concepts of ‘secularism’ by ‘priority for liberal-democracy’2 because I am convinced that we are better able to economize our moral disagreements or to resolve the substantive constitutional, legal, jurisprudential and institutional issues and controversies by avoiding to restate them in terms of ‘secularism’ or ‘alternative secularisms’. With regard to the ‘constitutional status of secularism’ we can discern three distinct positions all sharing the argument that ‘secularism (...) in most liberal democracies (…) is not explicitly recognized in the constitutional text or jurisprudence’3 and that it has ‘no clear standing * Professor Emeritus of Social and Political Philosophy (Faculty of Humanities) and of Sociology (Faculty of Social Sciences) at the University of Amsterdam (the Netherlands), email: [email protected] Thanks for critical comments and suggestions to Christian Moe, Ahmet Akgündüs, Yolande Jansen, Bas Schotel, Gunes Tezcur, Asli Bali, Werner Menski, an anonymous reviewer and the participants of conferences in New Delhi, Utrecht, and Istanbul where I presented earlier versions of this article.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion in the Public Sphere
    Religion in the Public Sphere Ars Disputandi Supplement Series Volume 5 edited by MAARTEN WISSE MARCEL SAROT MICHAEL SCOTT NIEK BRUNSVELD Ars Disputandi [http://www.ArsDisputandi.org] (2011) Religion in the Public Sphere Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of the European Society for Philosophy of Religion edited by NIEK BRUNSVELD & ROGER TRIGG Utrecht University & University of Oxford Utrecht: Ars Disputandi, 2011 Copyright © 2011 by Ars Disputandi, version: September 14, 2011 Published by Ars Disputandi: The Online Journal for Philosophy of Religion, [http://www.arsdisputandi.org], hosted by Igitur publishing, Utrecht University Library, The Netherlands [http://www.uu.nl/university/library/nl/igitur/]. Typeset in Constantia 9/12pt. ISBN: 978-90-6701-000-9 ISSN: 1566–5399 NUR: 705 Reproduction of this (or parts of this) publication is permitted for non-commercial use, provided that appropriate reference is made to the author and the origin of the material. Commercial reproduction of (parts of) it is only permitted after prior permission by the publisher. Contents Introduction 1 ROGER TRIGG 1 Does Forgiveness Violate Justice? 9 NICHOLAS WOLTERSTORFF Section I: Religion and Law 2 Religion and the Legal Sphere 33 MICHAEL MOXTER 3 Religion and Law: Response to Michael Moxter 57 STEPHEN R.L. CLARK Section II: Blasphemy and Offence 4 On Blasphemy: An Analysis 75 HENK VROOM 5 Blasphemy, Offence, and Hate Speech: Response to Henk Vroom 95 ODDBJØRN LEIRVIK Section III: Religious Freedom 6 Freedom of Religion 109 ROGER TRIGG 7 Freedom of Religion as the Foundation of Freedom and as the Basis of Human Rights: Response to Roger Trigg 125 ELISABETH GRÄB-SCHMIDT Section IV: Multiculturalism and Pluralism in Secular Society 8 Multiculturalism and Pluralism in Secular Society: Individual or Collective Rights? 147 ANNE SOFIE ROALD 9 After Multiculturalism: Response to Anne Sofie Roald 165 THEO W.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernism and Christian Socialism in the Thought of Ottokã¡R Prohã¡Szka
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 12 Issue 3 Article 6 6-1992 Modernism and Christian Socialism in the Thought of Ottokár Prohászka Leslie A. Muray Lansing Community College, Michigan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Muray, Leslie A. (1992) "Modernism and Christian Socialism in the Thought of Ottokár Prohászka," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 12 : Iss. 3 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol12/iss3/6 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I ; MODERNISM AND CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM IN THE THOUGHT OF OTTOKAR PROHASZKA By Leslie A. Moray Dr. Leslie A. Muray (Episcopalian) is professor of religious studies at the Lansing Community College in Lansing, Michigan. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from the Graduate Theological School in Claremont, California. Several of his previous articles were published in OPREE. Little known in the West is the life and work of the Hungarian Ottokar Prohaszka (1858- 1927), Roman Catholic Bishop of Szekesfehervar and a university professor who was immensely popular and influential in Hungary at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. He was the symbol of modernism, for which three of his works were condemned, and Christian Socialism in his native land.
    [Show full text]
  • Education SETA KAZANDJIAN, Ph.D
    SETA KAZANDJIAN, Ph.D. Clinical Neuropsychologist/ Psychologue-Neuropsychologue Licensed Psychologist, NYS #018020 ; CA PSY28162 Registered l’Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS), ADELI 75 93 3672 0 Tél. +33 (0)6 60 60 27 62 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Education 9/03 – 10/06 The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA Neuropsychology Subprogram at Queens College Ph.D, Psychology, Specialization: Neuropsychology Dissertation Title: The Effects of Bilingualism and Acculturation on Neuropsychological Test Performance: A Study with Armenian-Americans 09/98 – 06/03 The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA M.Phil, Psychology. 09/95 – 05/97 University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA B.S., Psychology. Dean’s Honor List, 1997 09/93 – 05/95 Los Angeles Pierce College, CA, USA Dean’s Honor List, 1993-1995 Qualifications, Equivalences, and Certificates 03/2016 California State Board of Psychology Psychologist License License # PSY28162 11/2012 Minister van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, The Netherlands Recognition of Diploma, Doctor of Philosophy and Title of Doctor (dr.) 02/2012 L’Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS), Délégation Territoriale de Paris ADELI : 75 93 3672 0 01/2012 Ministère d'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Reconnaissance des diplômes étrangers comme équivalents aux diplômes nationaux exigés en vue de faire usage professionnel du titre de psychologie 05/2011 Ministère de L'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Qualification aux Fonctions d'Enseignant Chercheur/Maitre de Conférences Section: 69 Neurosciences 03/2009 New York State Board of Education, License to Practice Psychology License #: 018020 Languages Fluent (oral and written): English, French, and Armenian.
    [Show full text]