AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE HISTORIC ANNAPOLIS FOUNDATION WALKING TOUR 410-267-7619 Inside this brochure you’ll find... 410-268-5576 18 Pinkney Street, Shiplap House, Annapolis Historic Annapolis Foundation, • A COMPREHENSIVE TRIP PLANNER: 77 Main Street, Annapolis HISTORIC LONDON TOWN & GARDENS frican Americans have played an integral part 410-222-1919 There’s so much to see and do in the City… and in ANNAPOLIS MARITIME MUSEUM in the physical and cultural landscape of Anne 839 Londontown Road, Edgewater 410-268-1802 the countryside. Spend a day…or spend a week! 133 Bay Shore Drive, Annapolis Arundel County and the City of Annapolis for over GALESVILLE HERITAGE MUSEUM 410-867-2648 350 years. ANNAPOLIS & ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY 988 Main Street, Galesville • MAPS AND FACTS: CONFERENCE & VISITORS BUREAU 410-280-0445 Learn what there is to see…and how to get there— KUNTA KINTE-ALEX HALEY FOUNDATION We invite you to walk in their footsteps through 26 West Street, Annapolis 410-841-6920 on foot, by bus, or by car. 31 Old Solomons Island Road, Annapolis ANNAPOLIS, LONDON TOWN & history. Learn about farmers, artisans, mariners, SOUTH COUNTY HERITAGE AREA OUR LOCAL LEGACY TOURS, merchants, resistance leaders, inventors, politicians, 410-222-1805 AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE TOURS • PLAN THE DETAILS OF YOUR VISIT HERE: 44 Calvert Street, Arundel Center and soldiers. Visit sites where enslaved Africans first 410-863-8878 Review contact information and additional resources. ANNAPOLIS THREE CENTURIES TOURS PO Box 6087, Annapolis landed on our shores, and sites where they were sold 410-263-5401 OFFICE OF 48 Maryland Avenue, Annapolis into bondage. Learn about historic neighborhoods TOURISM DEVELOPMENT that provided a sense of community, and the BANNEKER-DOUGLASS MUSEUM 1-800-MD-IS-FUN 410-216-6180 217 E. Redwood Street, churches that formed the heart of those “...I felt I should be 84 Franklin Street, Annapolis MARYLAND STATE ARCHIVES/ communities. See where African Americans nowhere else in the BLACKS OF THE CHESAPEAKE HALL OF RECORDS 410-267-7416 410-260-6400 labored, where many raised families, where some world except standing Annapolis 350 Rowe Boulevard, Annapolis managed to escape slavery, and where others CAPTAIN SALEM AVERY HOUSE MARYLAND STATE HOUSE changed the course of America’s history. on a pier in Annapolis— 410-867-4486 410-974-3400 West Shady Side Road, Shady Side 91 State House Circle ,Annapolis and I was; it was two DISCOVER ANNAPOLIS TOURS U.S. NAVA L ACADEMY TOURS Many were brought here during colonial times as 410-626-6000 410-263-6933 hundred years to the Visitor’s Center, 26 West Street, Armel-Leftwich Visitor Center, Annapolis slaves from West Africa and the Caribbean. Their Annapolis numbers in Anne Arundel County once exceeded day after the Lord FREDERICK DOUGLASS MUSEUM those of European Americans. Their labor created a 410-267-6920 Ligonier had landed.” 3200 Wayman Avenue, Highland Beach strong local economy, the rise of a wealthy “planter” —ALEX HALEY class, and America’s early infrastructure. Roots

Enslaved and, later, free African Americans worked on farms and in towns, at the U.S. Naval Academy, Waterman, Annapolis City Dock 26 West Street • Annapolis, MD 21401 and in the maritime industry. They practiced various 410-280-0445 • Fax: 410-263-9591 • www.goannapolis.org trades, set up businesses, built churches, supported schools, created communities, and served in wars. Following emancipation, they fought against persecution and “Jim Crow” laws. In recent times 1-800-MDISFUN they fought for desegregation and equality in the Not all of these sites are open to the general public, but all are accessible for exterior views. Please respect the privacy of private residents. Information on public access can be provided from those sites where a public number is listed. courts, the classroom, and the workplace. We are not responsible for changes that may occur.

This publication has been financed in part with State funds from the Maryland Heritage Areas Authority, an instrumentality of the State of Maryland. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or The African-American story is one of hardship, policies of the Maryland Heritage Areas Authority. Also financed in part by funds generated through the Anne Arundel County and Annapolis hotel tax. courage, and resilience—rooted in family, spiritual PHOTOS COURTESY OF: Phillip & Rachel Brown Collection, AAACCVB, AA County Office of Planning & Zoning, faith, and community. Imagine their lives as you visit Independence Publishing Inc., Vincent O. Leggett, Phillip L. Brown, & Charles H. Bohl. Portrait of Frederick Douglass Photo: courtesy of Special Collections (Mary A. Dodge Collection, MSASC-564). Tonging Oyster Boats at City Dock historic sites and take engaging tours. Their legacy w/African American Waterman Photo: courtesy of Special Collections (Thomas Baden Collection). Alex Haley Photo: courtesy of William A. Haley Collection. Also Deborah Greene; Dwight Blackshear; and Janice Hayes- endures and continues to inspire us all. Williams Collections. This publication was produced by the Annapolis & Anne Arundel County Conference & St. Mary ’s Color Visitors Bureau and the Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Foundation. Design by: The Souza Agency, Annapolis, MD. -1- ed School

MORNING AFTERNOON Return to the Archives or Law Library, visit another genealogy research center, or KUNTA KINTE-ALEX HALEY MEMORIAL explore some interesting African-American sites in downtown Annapolis… Annapolis City Dock • 410-841-6920 xplore, discover, and experience the rich The Memorial consists of a four-piece sculpture grouping of Alex Haley reading to KUETHE LIBRARY: Historical and Genealogical Research Center three children of diverse ethnicities, a Story Wall, and a Compass Rose. Haley, the 5 Crain Highway, SE, Glen Burnie (20 min. north of Annapolis) • 410-760-9679 history and legacy of African Americans in father of the popular genealogy movement and author of the Pulitzer prize-winning This library includes the holdings of both the Anne Arrundell County Historical Annapolis and Anne Arundel County. Select from novel Roots, traced his ancestry to Kunta Kinte, an enslaved African brought to Society and the Anne Arundel Genealogical Society. Holdings of most interest to Annapolis in 1767 aboard the ship, the Lord Ligonier. descendants of slaves doing research on local former owner-families. Nominal a diverse menu of discovery packages or create fee for non-members. your own plan. This trip planner guide will help get MARYLAND STATE ARCHIVES 350 Rowe Boulevard, Annapolis • 410-260-6400 ANNAPOLIS you started on an exciting journey into the past. Located two miles from the City Dock, the Archives houses records from the INNER WEST STREET AFRICAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE WALKING TOUR colony’s founding in 1634 to the present. Here is where Alex Haley discovered (See map on page 11) his family connection to Annapolis. African-American records include A manumissions, certificates of freedom, court papers, an 1831 census of free St. Anne’s Cemetery, on Northwest and Calvert Streets, was the only public burial ground in Annapolis from the late 18th until the mid-19th centuries; Seven Great One-Day Heritage Discovery blacks, chattel records, runaway dockets, slave statistics, newspapers, military records (including U.S. Colored Troops muster roles), bounty rolls, U.S. Census established when burial space at St. Anne’s Church on Church Circle in Packages of Things to See and Do records for Maryland, and church records. Call for hours. Annapolis reached capacity; John Maynard, members of the Butler and Bishop Roots: families, and other early African-American families are buried here. Adventures for Genealogy Lovers MARYLAND STATE LAW LIBRARY GENEALOGY COLLECTION B New Beginnings: 361 Rowe Boulevard, Robert C. Murphy Courts of Appeal Building, Annapolis Stanton School and Community Center, 92 West Washington Street, Communities after the Civil War 410-260-1430; 410-260-1571 (TTY) 410-263-7966, listed on National Register of Historic Places, opened in the 19th Established in 1827, the State Law Library houses a Local History and Genealogy century. Today this former African-American school is a community center. The History, Gardens, and Nature Trails Collection, which complements material available at the State Archives across the original building was constructed of lumber salvaged from Camp Parole, a Civil street. Holdings include Maryland census schedules, Baltimore Sun newspapers War camp outside Annapolis. Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War, was instrumental Plantations and Maritime Villages (1837 to date), county histories, family genealogies, research guides, rare books, in securing the lumber. It’s located in the African-American neighborhood of Clay early maps, and other documents. Open to the public. Street, formerly “Brick Street,” site of a colonial brickyard owned by slaveholder Urban Living – Historic Annapolis Edward Dorsey. Dorsey bricks were used to build the early State House and HELEN AVALYNNE TAWES GARDEN other colonial Annapolis structures. Between 1885-1930, the neighborhood Behind the Scenes and on the Front changed from one of scattered tenements, coal yards, and flats, to a community Lines of War and Politics around the corner from the State Law Library near the Tawes Building, Annapolis • 410-260-8189 of over 200 houses and 20 stores. Freedom Grove, just beyond the A Day at the Beach This five-acre garden, named after the wife of a Maryland governor, includes neighborhood at Adams Park Learning Center, honors local past 20th Century ponds, a stream, and plants representing Maryland’s diverse landscapes. Open presidents of the NAACP. daily from dawn to dusk. The nearby Tawes Building cafeteria KEY TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN ATTRACTIONS C is open from 7:30 am – 3 pm. Loew’s Hotel Site, 126 West Street, was once the Greyhound bus station in Annapolis. A plaque at the hotel honors the five Annapolitans who led a Archaeology Memorial/Plaques Slave Sale Site November 1960 sit-in to desegregate the station’s restaurant.

Boating Museum Swimming D Shaded portion of map represents Asbury United Methodist Church, 87 West Street, site of Annapolis’ oldest Cemetery On-Site Tour the Annapolis, London Town and African-American congregation. The church sits on land purchased in 1803 from Walking Tour South County Heritage Area. Refer Smith Price, a free black. A meeting house was built here in 1804 by the First African to www.heritagearea.org Church Park/Nature Trails Water Views Methodist Episcopal Church congregation members, who changed their name and allegiance to Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church in 1838, when a new building was Driving Tour Public Rest Room Wheelchair erected. It was replaced by the present brick building in 1888 and expanded in 1977. Accessible The Presiding Elder from 1838 to 1863 was Rev. Henry Price, son of Smith Price. Food Services Research Center Asbury has a History Room that includes early records. 410-268-9500 Historic Home School Banneker-Douglass Museum,10 84 Franklin Street, official Maryland repository of African-American culture, was originally the Mt. Moriah African Methodist “Twenty-five slaves on his farm all…lived in small Episcopal Church, built by blacks in 1876. The Museum, dedicated in 1984, was named after Benjamin Banneker, a Maryland native known as the “first African- huts with the exception of several of the household American man of science,” and Frederick Douglass, born a Maryland slave, who help who ate and slept in the manor house.” later became a leader of the abolitionist movement. 410-216-6180 —CAROLINE HAMMOND Banneker-Douglass Museum Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Memorial fugitive slave, Anne Arundel County -3- istorically significant African-American communities grew in and around Annapolis as enslaved people ead south of Annapolis for the day to explore a “lost” merchant town, became free. Parole and Eastport workers served the nearby City, the Naval Academy, or the maritime former slave sites, archaeology digs, and nature trails. African-American industry; Highland Beach provided a haven for African-American intellectuals and artists from around the Nation. history abounds!

HISTORIC LONDON TOWN AND GARDENS MORNING QUIET WATERS PARK 839 Londontown Road, Edgewater • 410-222-1919 Explore cemeteries, drive through the Parole neighborhood, tour the former 600 Quiet Waters Park Road • 410-222-1777 Discover the remnants of a colonial merchant town c.1693 on the South River London Town Public House resort, Highland Beach, and relax at Quiet Waters Park. Off Hillsmere Drive at the Forest Drive/Bay Ridge Rd. intersection, this 336-acre and walk among the scenic gardens. This “lost town” was a major port of call county park along the South River offers trails, boat rentals, picnic facilities, a in the 1730s for ships taking tobacco to Britain and bringing African slaves, ANNAPOLIS NATIONAL (VETERANS), BREWER HILL, gallery and eatery, and more. Patented in 1652, the property had been farmed indentured workers, and convicts to Maryland. The town’s most dominant AND ST. MARY’S CEMETERIES for 300 years; African Americans once worked this land. Closed on Tuesdays. figure, James Dick, imported slaves on a large scale and used slaves in his These cemeteries are just west of Westgate Circle on West Street in Annapolis. ropewalk and other businesses. Slaves also manned the South River Ferry Annapolis National, established in 1862, contains remains of African-American here. By the 19th century, London Town was abandoned except for the brick soldiers and sailors who served in the Civil War, the Spanish American War, AFTERNOON mansion (c.1760) used as a colonial tavern and home, and later as a county the Korean conflict, World War I, and II. Many are former slaves and free Take the rest of the day to explore the maritime village of Eastport: almshouse. Restored as a National Historic Landmark, the mansion and blacks who fought in the U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil War. Brewer Hill gardens are open for tours. Slave Cab sits on land purchased in 1864 by two local African-American churches. This EASTPORT in, Cont ees Wharf Road site was once known as a potters field for City slaves, criminals, and smallpox This old neighborhood across Spa Creek from historic Annapolis had been ARCHAEOLOGY AND AFRICAN AMERICANS victims. Here lies memorials to Henry Davis, last man lynched in Maryland, farmland in colonial times. During the Revolution, French General Lafayette’s Recent digs at London Town have uncovered the foundations, cellars, and and John Snowden, sentenced to death for a murder he may not have troops once encamped here. Incorporated as a subdivision in 1868, Eastport artifacts of this former colonial town. Also discovered was the site of a committed. St. Mary’s Cemetery, established in the 19th century, is the burial became home to African Americans and European immigrants who worked in vanished 19th century African-American almshouse for men; artifacts are on site for many of this area’s Catholics, including a small community of African and around the City as laborers, watermen, tradesmen, and boat builders. display. Call to participate in ongoing archaeology digs. Americans. Today, Eastport’s maritime character lives on. A walking tour with markers highlights the history of the African-American community, as does the Annapolis A SMALL CHILD PAROLE COMMUNITY Maritime Museum’s exhibits and café at McNasby Oyster Packing House, 723 “Traces of a burial suggest…that London Town slaves interred a child beneath Named for “Camp Parole,” a prisoner-exchange camp during the Civil War that Second Street (410-268-1802). See the former three-room Eastport Colored the floor, in keeping with African traditions.” —Baltimore Sun 10-27-02 grew to include six hospital buildings, numerous barracks, and many other School (corner of Third Street and Chester Avenue) now home of the Seafarers buildings. An African-American “boom town” around the Camp grew into a Yacht Club, an organization of African-American boaters. Dine at one of the The grave of a six-year-old child discovered under the floorboards of a long- permanent settlement for returning African-American veterans and their many restaurants along the water. vanished building c.1730, is believed to be that of an African slave. It is the first families. The area later became known for tomato canning. Today, Parole such slave burial reported in the Chesapeake region. Such burials were retains its cultural identity. A planned new Parole Heritage Area Tour highlights practiced in Barbados and elsewhere in the Caribbean; many of London Tenant House, Ivy Neck Farm several early structures in the community, including Mt. Olive AME Church Town’s slave ships came from Barbados. (1866) on Hicks Street, and the Parole Community Health Center on Drew Street. A TWIST OF IRONY ON A SLAVE SHIP CALLED THE JENNY In 1760 the slave ship Jenny arrived at London Town with slaves from Angola. ARIS T. ALLEN MEMORIAL While on the high seas, the ship survived an attack by a French privateer This memorial, at the intersection of Aris T. Allen Boulevard and because Jenny’s captain armed the slaves who then helped saved the ship. Chinquapin Round Road in Parole, honors the late Dr. Allen, a noted “I do not know my mother or father… Camp Parole Ironically, upon reaching London Town, these same slaves were sold. Dozens physician and member of the Maryland State Legislature for many years. of slave ships carried thousands of African slaves to Anne Arundel County I was called ‘Gingerbread’ by the Revells. He was the first African American to chair the State Republican party. during the 17th and 18th centuries. They reared me until I reached the age HIGHLAND BEACH SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER (SERC) FREDERICK DOUGLASS MUSEUM & CULTURAL CENTER of nine or 10. Mr. Revell died in 1861 or 647 Contees Wharf Road, off Muddy Creek Road • 443-482-2200 3200 Wayman Avenue, Highland Beach • 410-267-6960 62. The sheriff and men came from Founded in 1893 as an African-American summer beach community by SERC provides research and education programs for teachers, children, and Frederick Douglass’ son Charles, a veteran Civil War officer, Highland Beach is Annapolis…I was…sold …to a slave trader the general public. Situated on property formerly part of Ivy Neck, Java, and the first chartered African-American township in the state of Maryland. It is Contee farms, it offers nature trails, picnic facilities, and programs focused on to be shipped to Georgia.” America’s oldest black resort community. It has hosted many famous visitors, the Chesapeake Bay. It has tenant houses, one dating to slavery days, and an including retired Buffalo Soldier officers. Booker T. Washington had a vacation African-American burial site from the 1800s, listed with Maryland Historical —JAMES WIGGINS home here. Frederick Douglass’ summer cottage, “Twin Oaks” houses the Trust. SERC plans to interpret slave life in its Java Plantation exhibit. fugitive slave Museum & Cultural Center (open by appointment). Frederick Douglass House (“ Open weekdays. Twin Oaks”) -4- -5-

ayson Road arm, W Roedown F

SOUTH COUNTY SCENIC DRIVING TOUR HERITAGE SITES YOU WILL SEE ALONG THE WAY: HISTORIC GALESVILLE Travel by car to enjoy a scenic 2-hour drive through the 1 Hope Memorial UM Church, 3672 Muddy Creek Road, African-American antebellum-era church. Explore this quaint waterside village settled 350 country. Take Rt. 2 south from Annapolis. This driving tour 2 Contees Wharf Road,(gravel) off Muddy Creek Road, site of Contee farm years ago. It features historic homes and buildings, loop encompasses winding roads, antebellum farms and tenant house (right) and “big house” (left), remains of Java plantation house a museum, good food, and a waterfront setting. plantations, tenant houses, churches, and cemeteries. Make it (left). Henry Wilson House, Galesville Rd. Freed slave Henry Wilson a day by stopping to explore historic Galesville. 3 Cumberstone Road, winding picturesque road, off Muddy Creek Road. bought land and built a house c. 1865. Today, part of the land is an Antebellum farms, some with slave and tenant quarters (not visible from the athletic field and former home of the Galesville Hot Sox baseball road) still exist. team, which consisted of African-American players. 4 Tulip Hill, 18th century Georgian Mansion built by Samuel Galloway, Galesville Heritage Museum, 988 Main St. Has information planter and slave trader (no public access). on African-American families. (410-867-2648) 5 Chews Memorial UM Church, 492 Owensville Rd off Muddy Creek Rd. Galesville Rosenwald School (now community center), To Annapolis Established c.1843 on land given by Nathaniel Chew (white farmer), as a 916 W. Benning Rd., built c. 1929. The West Benning community dates back to the 1870s; many Rt. 214 to DC Beach church for African Americans. All H 6 Quaker Burial Ground, corner of Muddy Creek and Galesville Road, residents worked at the Woodfield Oyster Company in the early allow’s Church c.1650s, birth of Quakerism in Maryland; Quakers later advocated abolition of 20th century. Today the community has been preserved and is called Tenthouse Creek Village. 16 1 slavery. 7 Historic Town of Galesville (see separate description, next panel) 8 Shady Side, an old watermen’s community, once called “the great Education and the Rosenwald Schools 2 Contees Wharf Rd. swamp,” received its current name in 1886. Many African Americans became Slaves often were prevented from learning to read and Nutwe d watermen. write, although many taught themselves. Few free blacks ll School , for Af 9 Shady Side & Churchton Schools (now Lula G. Scott School and got a formal education before the Civil War. After the War, rican-Americ an childr Community Center), 6243 Shady Side Road. Built c.1921 as Rosenwald Schools. Maryland mandated free public schools for all children. en tone Rd. Cumbers The Churchton structure was moved to the current site. When local residents balked at educating non-whites, 15 10 3 Capt. Salem Avery House Museum, 1418 East-West Shady Side Rd., 410- African Americans raised funds to help build and staff their 5 4 867-2901. Collection of pictures, artifacts, family histories, other information own schools. Between 1920-1932, 15 “Rosenwald 6 10 about local African Americans. Schools” were built in Anne Arundel County with grants 7 9 11 Historic Village at Herrington Harbour North, Deale. Relocated from Julius Rosenwald, owner of Sears, Roebuck & Co. 8 authentic historic rural buildings, including an African-American meeting Six survive today: Freetown; Queenstown; Galesville; 14 house (c.1905), one-room schoolhouse for African Americans, and slave cabin Shady Side & Churchton (two combined into the Lula G. (pending). Site of former slave auctions, according to oral history. Scott School and Community Center); and Ralph Bunche Route 2, Solomons Island Road, scenic drive through “horse country” that Community Center on Mill Swamp Road in Edgewater. once had tobacco plantations and farms. 13 12 St. James Parish, 5757 Solomons Is. Rd. Founded 1663, current church Churchton built in 1765; congregation included South County “planters”. 13 Loch Eden, Nutwell Sudley Rd. The big house on a hill is the former 12 “I was born in Anne Arundel Nutwell family farm. Oral family history tells of a “slave trench” (parts still visible) dug by slaves who used it at night to escape to Tracy’s Creek (no County… My mother and sister 11 public access). were sold and taken to New 14 Bachelors Choice, site of a 19th century tenant house of same Southern construction as slave cabins. An unmarked cemetery lies near the house (no Orleans, leaving four brothers Anne Arundel County public access). Driving Tour 15 Roedown Farm, Wayson Rd. off Harwood Rd. and myself behind.” Birthplace of slave William Parker, Underground Railroad worker and hero of —LEN BLACK the “Christiana Resistance” in Pennsylvania (no public access) Site of annual South County slave steeplechasing event. Galesville Rosenwald School 16 All Hallows Parish, 3604 Solomons Is. Rd. Has records of slave burials. -6- -7- 2003— Michael Steele, Maryland’s first African-American Lt. Governor, is sworn in at the State House in 1681— Annapolis Indians kill one of Major Welch’s 1873— 1966— Dr. Aris T. Allen, prominent “Negroes” at his South William H. Butler 1919— physician and Annapolitan, is River plantation 1738— 1851— becomes the first 1760— John Snowden, an African the first African-American Sites of St. John’s William Parker, African American Fifty captured Africans American, is last man hanged delegate elected to the 1681— College and an escaped slave and first former slave in the ship Jenny for a crime in Annapolis; he Maryland State Legislature Law changes: children Annapolis State 1845— from southern in Maryland elected successfully assist the was pardoned by Governor born to white mothers House become Fair Haven resort Anne Arundel to public office, 1664— captain in fighting off a 1777— Glendening in 2001 and African-American targets of an alleged opens; developed by County, Roedown, serving on the 1967— First legal Act to French privateer sloop. Quakers in fathers as well as revolt by 200 slaves Weems family to becomes a hero Annapolis City Thurgood Marshall, a require that When the ship reaches Maryland children born to free from Prince attract passengers to of the Christiana Council, only three 1908— 1949— Maryland native, who Africans and their its destination at outlaw slavery African-American George’s County their steamships, Resistance in years after the 15th Annapolis law Wesley A. Brown becomes fought for County descendents serve London Town, they among their women are considered who intend to take which were manned Pennsylvania amendment gave deprives most the first African-American teachers, becomes the as slaves for life are sold as slaves members free, but are often over the colony; and operated almost African Americans African Americans graduate of the Naval first African American bound out as laborers plan later fails entirely by slaves the right to vote the right to vote Academy; later he rises to to sit on the U.S. rank of Commander Supreme Court

1651— 1767— 1864— 1915— 1995— First settlement Kunta Kinte 1850— 122 County slaves Supreme Court 1664— 1756-75— 1857— 1893— Clayton Greene, Jr. at site of (of Roots fame) Forty-five percent of enlist in the U.S. declares New Maryland law: Forty-eight ships The Dred Scott Dr. Daniel Hale becomes first African- Annapolis arrives in Annapolis black population in Colored Troops at unconstitutional a white woman who decision of the U.S. Williams, grandson carrying nearly 2000 as part of a cargo of City of Annapolis is St. John’s College the 1908 law that American Circuit Court marries an African Supreme Court, of a former slaves clear customs slaves free, 55% slave grounds in disenfranchised Judge in County’s 300 slave serves the written by Chief Annapolis slave, in Annapolis during Annapolis; 8,718 free Annapolis’ African year history slave’s master for Justice Roger Taney, performs pioneering its Golden Age (’63 - 1850’s— blacks and former Americans, and it life; children born of ’74), when politics a Marylander, heart surgery 1783— Ben Boardley, born slaves from Maryland reinstates the voting 1960— such relationships and wealth from denies citizenship Slaves in the County a slave, invents a fight in the Civil War rights of John are slaves, as are tobacco encourage to African 1893— Five Annapolitans outnumber the free working steam Anderson, a black children of enslaved high demand for Americans, whether Highland Beach is lead a sit-in to white population engine for a sloop- 1864— Civil War veteran mothers luxury items enslaved or free founded as a desegregate the bus of-war at the U.S. Maryland abolishes from Annapolis summer resort by station’s restaurant Naval Academy slavery with a new State constitution – African Americans. 1695— one year before Soon after, Frederick Slaves are the U.S. 13th Douglass designs required to carry Amendment his summer home, passes whenever abolishes slavery “Twin Oaks,” there they leave their plantation

-8- -9- ake a day to walk the town, reflect on its history, Newman Street 2 (turn right off Compromise Street) is the former site of St. Jonas Green House,9 124 Charles Street, home of and savor a meal at one of its many restaurants. Mary’s Colored School, c. 1874, run by the School Sisters of Notre Dame, a Jonas and Catherine Green and their son Frederick, Catholic teaching order of St. Mary’s Church. A tuition-free school, it was Maryland Gazette newspaper owners (for 94 years). Site of African Americans have lived in Annapolis, the County seat, moved after 1949 to Church grounds. numerous slave sales. and colonial and state capital, for over three centuries. From Ridout House,3 120 Duke of Gloucester Street, built in 1765 by John Ridout, Banneker-Douglass Museum,10 84 Franklin Street, site 17 the 1700s through today, one-third or more of the city’s who married Governor Ogle’s daughter. He sold the African cargo of the ship of the original Mt. Moriah A.M.E. Church; listed on the 16 18 population has been African American. Initially, most were Lord Ligonier into slavery. Adjacent (110-114) Ridout Row townhome was the National Register of Historic Places. Official state A slaves. However, by 1850, an equal number of free blacks and site of recent archaeology indicating African spiritual practices by 19th century repository of African-American cultural material. Named slaves lived here. household servants. for two famous Marylanders: Benjamin Banneker and Frederick Douglass. B Charles Carroll House,4 107 Duke of Gloucester, on the grounds of St. 19 In colonial times most urban slaves were women, girls, and Mary’s Church. Built c.1723-1735, as the home to several generations of Carrolls Henry Price House,11 232-236 Main Street. Rev. Henry 15 20 12 13 young boys. They slept in a kitchen, loft, attic, or nearby including Charles, the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence. Price, a Methodist lay minister, civic leader, and 21 He owned 385 slaves, 21 at Carroll House. Recent archaeology reveals businessman, lived here. His grandson, Daniel Hale outbuilding, and did household work such as cooking, 14 25 24 evidence of African spiritual practices by household servants. Williams, who performed pioneering heart surgery in 1893, washing, spinning and sewing, baking, and brewing. A smaller 23 22 was the first black to head the Freedman’s Hospital in C D 11 number of enslaved men were servants and drivers; men also Upton Scott House,5 4 Shipwright Street (from St. Mary’s parking lot). Washington, D.C. 1 worked as sawyers, carpenters, artisans, blacksmiths, rope Built c. 1763 by Dr. Scott, physician, and uncle by marriage of Francis Scott 10 12 makers, and maritime tradesmen. Key, national Anthem writer, and founder of the American Colonization Thurgood Marshall Memorial, Lawyers Mall, Society. Scott’s slaves lived in the adjoining small house that was also the Maryland State House. Dedicated in 1996, the memorial 9 kitchen. honors Marshall, a Marylander and the first black Supreme 8 7 The city’s enslaved African Americans had more autonomy Court Justice; he served on the court for 24 years. 6 6 than plantation slaves, but little privacy and could be on call 24 Market Street, (turn right off Shipwright) location of five frame rowhouses, 3 2 hours a day. Slave marriages were not legally recognized, built between 1885-1890 by William H. Butler, a wealthy African American, born Matthew Henson 13 making families vulnerable to separation. a slave; he sold two lots, 121-123, to the Maryland Colored Baptist Congregation Plaque, Maryland State for a church (private homes today). House. Born of free black sharecroppers in Maryland, 5 A growing number of free African Americans in the 19th William H. Butler House,7 148 Duke of Henson is credited with 4 century changed the character of Annapolis – establishing their Gloucester Street, near City Hall. A slave freed discovering the North Pole with own businesses, neighborhoods, and churches, often buying at age 21, Butler became one of the wealthiest Adm. Robert Perry in 1909. men in Annapolis. He bought this house in 1863 freedom for enslaved loved ones. Their historic churches and Inner West Street African-American Heritage Walking Tour (see page 3) and was elected alderman in 1873, the first “I felt profoundly grateful that I had the neighborhoods survive as vital elements of the City’s heritage. former slave and first African American to hold Urban Living Walking Tour (see pages 10, 11 & 12) Many of their descendants still live here today. public office in Maryland. opportunity of representing my race.” —MATTHEW HENSON Chase-Lloyd House,18 22 Maryland Avenue. Built 1769-1774, it housed several Maynard-Burgess House,8 163 Duke of Arctic Explorer generations of Lloyds and their slaves through the 1820s, including Sall Wilks, a Annapolis’ African-American story continues to unfold with Gloucester, home to two successive African- favored slave. Frederick Douglass, famous abolitionist, lived as a child on the new research. American families from 1847-1990. Maynard, Lloyd’s plantation. 14 born free, bought the freedom of his wife in 1840, William H. Butler House Roger B. Taney Statue, Maryland State House. Marylander and U.S. and later her daughter and his mother-in-law. Supreme Court Chief Justice, known for his infamous opinion in the Dred Scott Paca House,19 186 Prince George Street, built c.1763-65 by , signer WALKING TOUR He purchased the house in 1847, making case, which denied Scott, a former slave, the right to sue in federal court. of the Declaration of Independence. Eight to 10 slaves lived here then. Later, the Begin your walk at the Market House. Follow the numbers on map. improvements that tripled its value. After he died in 1876 his descendants used house was Carvel Hall Hotel, where African-American maitre d’ Marcellus Hall the site as a boarding house until 1914 when it was purchased by Willis Governor Calvert House,15 State Circle. Owned by Gov. Charles Calvert in was confidante to legislators and others for nearly 50 years. The house has since Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley Memorial, 1 at the Market House and the City Burgess. It remained in the Burgess family until 1990. The house, undergoing the 1730s, one of the wealthiest men and largest slaveholders in the colony. In been restored and is open for tours. Dock memorializes the contributions of the late Alex Haley, author of Roots restoration, will become a museum of 19th century African-American city life. 1734, 30 slaves lived on the property, which is now a hotel. and The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Next to the Market House, read about Brice House,20 42 East Street, built by James Brice, 1767-1773, using slave labor. the Memorial and stand at the Compass Rose’s center to orient yourself in the St. John’s College,16 College Avenue. Once was the site of a gunpowder Up to 15 slaves lived here at one time. Archaeology revealed buried caches direction of your ancestral home; cross the street to the Dock and view the “The color of the skin is in no way connected with house that African slaves conspired to capture during an aborted attempt in 1738 suggesting African spiritual practices by household servants. statues of Haley reading to three children. At this harbor his African ancestor to take over Maryland. 21 Kunta Kinte allegedly arrived aboard the Lord Ligonier and was sold into the strength of the mind or intellectual powers.” Patrick Creagh-John Smith House, 160 Prince George Street. Built c. 1735- slavery in 1767. Here, 48 slave ships unloaded their human cargo in the 20 —BENJAMIN BANNEKER Ogle Hall 17 (now USNA Alumni House), 251 College Avenue, built 1739-42. 47 by Creagh, this was the site of slave auctions in colonial times. Purchased by years before the American Revolution. Walk along Compromise Street and Preface to his Almanac, 1796 Sold to in 1773; his widow’s estate listed 37 slaves in 1815 at the free blacks John and Lucy Smith c. 1820, who ran a livery stable in back and read the Story Wall’s Roots messages. time of her death. “Aunt Lucy’s Bake Shop” at Main and Green Streets. -10- -11-

Middleton’s Tavern,22 2 Market Space. Slave auctions occurred here and at WA R May 30, 1861, the Gazette reported Mr. many other taverns, including Reynolds Tavern on Church Circle and the From before the Civil War to the present day, African Coffee House, 195-199 Main Street. Americans of this region have played a vital military role. Daniel Hyde went into the Naval Spend a half-day reliving some of their stories. Academy to retrieve one of his slaves, Fleet Street,23 an African-American neighborhood built in the 1880s as tenements for laborers, watermen, laundresses, and domestic workers. Many Sam Folks, who had taken refuge there. U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY eventually bought their homes. 48 Fleet Street, built in 1897 by Susan Wright, Although the commander was willing to remains in the family today. 45 Fleet Street, bought by waterman Benjamin U.S. Naval Academy Holliday in 1880, dates to the 18th century. give Folks up, a number of soldiers Annapolis, Gate 1 • 410-263-6933 Roger Williams’ barbershop at the corner Founded in 1845. Slaves and free blacks worked in the “Yard” as servants closed in, threatening of Fleet and Cornhill became an and assistants to officers and professors. Inventor and slave-turned-freeman institution, lasting until 1983. The Ideal to mob the slave Benjamin Boardley did his scientific work at the Academy’s chemistry Hotel at 14 Fleet Street was built c. 1920s department between 1856-1862. James Holliday, born a slave but freed owner, who left empty A Soldier’s Letter for African-American watermen and in 1842, worked as the “confidential office servant and messenger” for Upton Hill [Va] January 12, 1862 tradesmen. 99 East Street handed. every Superintendent from 1845 until his death in 1882; he owned property East Street,25 a mostly African-American community beginning in the mid- on East Street in Annapolis, where he resided. Free man Moses Lake, Galilean Fisherman Free School, 24 “My Dear Wife, it is with grate joy I take 1800s, characterized by simple, narrow row houses only two rooms deep. popular Academy barber until 1862, died after the Civil War. Superintendent 91 East Street. Built in 1868 by African- this time to let you know Whare I am. I More than a third were rented or owned by African Americans – laborers, Buchanan circumvented Maryland law in 1845 by importing Darius King, American Methodist laymen, it was one of the am now in Safe carpenters, cobblers, or Naval Academy workers. Born a slave, James a free black from Pennsylvania, to run the Academy mess hall. Buchanan, ty in the 14th Regiment early schools built for African-American Holliday, a Naval Academy servant to every Superintendent from 1845 to a slave owner, later joined the Confederate States Navy, as did other of Brooklyn. This Day I can Adress you children in Anne Arundel County. It closed in 1882, bought 97, 99, and 101 East Street. Academy staff. In 1949, Wesley Brown became the first African American thank god as a free man…Dear you the late 1890s. to graduate from the Academy. must make your Self content I am free Alex Haley from al the Slavers Lash…I trust the time On September 29, 1967, the 200th anniversary of the arrival in this While at the Academy, Will Come When We Shal meet again don’t forget to visit: Galilean Fisherman country of his enslaved African ancestor Kunta Kinte, Alex Haley And if We don’t met on earth We Will Meet in heven…Dear Eliz Free School stood at the Annapolis city dock with tears in his eyes. He later U.S. Naval Academy Museum abeth tell Mrs Ownees That I trust that She Will wrote in his Pulitzer prize-winning book Roots that there was no Preble Hall, 410-293-2109 Continue Her kindness t place he would rather have been. Working with Phebe Jacobsen Inquire about the U.S. African o you…I never Squadron, 1843 to 1861, which was Shall forgit her kindness to me…I W at the nearby Maryland State Archives, Haley found for the ant established as an outcome of the you to rite To me Soon as you Can first time the genealogical link between his ancestors in Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. …Kiss Daniel For me.” this country and those in Africa. Today Haley is The U.S. agreed to maintain a Alex Haley “A comp referred to as the father of the popular naval squadron off the Guinea —JOHN coast to help Great Britain patrol any of Negr genealogy movement. Before his death in 1992, he frequently returned way t BOS against the illegal slave trade. o Baltimore o soldiers on their TON to Annapolis to visit friends and participate in community events. into Annapolis on ,account were obliged of the tice Naval Academy Cemetery during the latt o put Hospital Point er p Wiley H. Bates encamped at St art of F Bates became an Annapolis alderman in Founded in 1869, the Cemetery, overlooking the Severn River, includes a ebruar p . John’s College y. They 1897, ran a profitable grocery store on section for African-American babies, and another for Chief Stewards araded the stree Cathedral Street, built a kindergarten school (African-American servants of captains or admirals on land and sea). It also aroused the milit ts of Annapolis,. Theyand it includes a monument to Isaac Mayo, a highly regarded and decorated officer colored people ar in the rear of his own house, and was a in the U.S. Navy. Mayo’s 53-year career ended in disgrace in 1861 when he y spirit amongst the successful realtor and philanthropist. With attempted to resign in protest of Abraham Lincoln’s stand on slavery. Mayo, camp and enlist, who f locked t only three days of formal schooling, he a slave owner, lived in southern Anne Arundel County on the Gresham twenty w ed. One hundredo theand became the wealthiest African American in farm. He was instrumental in locating the Naval Academy in Annapolis. ent from Annapolis….” Annapolis. The Wiley H. Bates Colored High Armel-Leftwich Visitor Center excerp School and Bates Middle School were Santee Basin, 410-263-6933 t from Wiley Bates with his wife Gaze named for him. See periodic displays of African-American history at the tte, Februar Annie and mother Harriet y 1 shop U.S. Naval Academy, and learn about available tours of the 864 Former Williams' Barber -12- Academy grounds. -13- BEYOND THE ACADEMY GROUNDS Chase-Lloyd House 22 Maryland Avenue • 410-263-2723 St. John’s College Campus This house is a Georgian mansion begun in 1769 by Samuel Chase, a signer of the College Avenue, Annapolis Declaration of Independence. It was later purchased and completed by the Lloyd Site of Union troop (including U. S. Colored Troops) encampment during the family. Sall Wilks was a slave belonging to the Lloyd family of Talbot County and Civil War. In early 1864, 122 slaves from Annapolis and Anne Arundel County Annapolis. A favored house slave of Edward Lloyd, IV, she was the housekeeper traveled to the site of St. John’s Campus to enlist in the Union Army. Many of here. Although Sall herself was never free, in 1816 and 1817 the Lloyds manumitted these men fought at the Battle of the Crater in Petersburg, on July 30th three of her daughters, who married members of the city’s free black community. of that year. A great-grandson, Daniel Hale Williams, who once lived in Annapolis, was renowned for his early heart surgery performed in Chicago in 1893. William Paca House Annapolis National Cemetery West Street at Westgate Circle, Annapolis William Paca House and Gardens (Carvel Hall) Burial site for military veterans, including U.S. Colored Troop veterans. 186 Prince George Street • 410-263-5553 Charles Carroll of Carrollton House One of the four Marylanders who signed the Declaration of Independence, Brewer Hill Cemetery Governor William Paca built this mansion between 1763 and 1765. Eight to ten West Street adjacent to Annapolis National Cemetery, Annapolis slaves lived here during that time. Much later, the house was converted into a African-American cemetery and burial site of free blacks, former slaves, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton House hotel named Carvel Hall Hotel, where African-American maitre d’ Marcellus U.S. Colored Troop veterans. 107 Duke of Gloucester Street on the grounds of St. Mary’s Church • 410-269-1737 The Carroll House, c. 1723-1735, was the home to several generations of Hall was confidante to legislators and mentor to youth and midshipmen for Carrolls including Charles, the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of nearly 50 years. Hall eventually wrote a guide book to the city and also served on Independence. It was the residence of Moll, a Carroll slave who was born the city’s first Historic District Commission. Governor Tawes honored Hall by around 1753 and ran away several times. Her presumed lover, a Brice House naming him “Admiral of the Chesapeake.” The home and gardens have since slave, was murdered after their last attempt to flee. By 1782, Moll no longer been restored back to their 18th century elegance. appears in the Carroll inventories. Chase-Lloyd House Maryland State House State Circle • 410-974-3400 Built c. 1772-79, the State House is the Nation’s oldest state capitol in continuous use. From November 1783 to August 1784, it housed the Continental Congress, and is the only state house ever to have served as the nation’s SANDY POINT STATE PARK capitol. Here many of Maryland’s laws related to slavery and the status of free off U.S. Routes 50/301 at Exit 32 by the Bay Bridge blacks were legislated. In the main entrance hall is a plaque commemorating 1-888-432-2267 (entrance fee) Matthew Henson, African American and co-discoverer of This 786-acre park on the Chesapeake Bay offers recreational activities such as Butler burial site at St. Anne’s Cemetery (see page 3) the North Pole. Outside on the swimming, fishing, crabbing, boating, windsurfing, and bird watching. The park’s State House grounds sit the beaches and picnic areas provide unparalleled views of the Chesapeake Bay and POLITICS statues of Thurgood Marshall, the lighthouse. The park includes a sandy beach, hiking trails, boat launch, picnic In 1695 when Annapolis became the center of government for the first black Supreme Court grounds, playground, and historic landmarks. Justice, appointed 1967, and the Maryland colony, and then later the State of Maryland, it Roger B. Taney, a U.S. Sandy Point Farmhouse also became the “in town” residential location and gathering Supreme Court Chief Justice William Evans, former slave of this historic farmhouse’s owner, Captain Thomas point for many of this nation’s founding fathers – such as early known for his infamous 1857 Mezick, enlisted in the United States Colored Troops to fight for the Union during colonial governors, the Maryland Signers of the Declaration of opinion in the Dred Scott case the Civil War. Mezick’s father purchased the farm in 1833. The prior owner, Independence, and General George Washington before he that denied Scott, a former slave, Henry E. Mayer, at the time of his death in 1831, left the farmhouse, a barn, slave the right to sue in federal court became this nation’s first President. Ironically, while these men quarters, seventeen slaves, a carriage house, stable, wooden granary, and and made the Missouri personal inventory worth in excess of $4,000. The farmhouse still exists and, were striving for freedom, they depended upon the bound Compromise unconstitutional. while not open to the public, can be viewed from the road. labor of slaves to support their activities, both in town and at their country plantations. Slaves, and later free blacks, became Sandy Point Lighthouse the backbone of the City’s operations. Thomas B. Davis, keeper of the Sandy Point Lighthouse, wrote a letter to Judge Hugh Lennox Bond to report that former slaves in the area were being hunted down by bands of people with revolvers and horse whips. The letter was written oint Farmhouse Spend half a day visiting some of these sites, all of which have Maryland State House five days after the Maryland state constitution abolished slavery on November 1, Sandy P guided tours, many for a small fee, and are within walking 1864. distance of one another: -14- -15-