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Organism-Substrate Relationships in Lowland Streams

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Organism-Substrate Relationships in Lowland Streams Harry H. Tolkamp Organism-substrate relationships in lowland streams Proefschrift terverkrijgin gva nd egraa dva n doctori nd e landbouwwetenschappen, opgeza gva nd erecto rmagnificus , dr.H.C .va nde rPlas , hoogleraar in de organische scheikunde, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 6 februari 1981 des namiddags te vier uur in de aula van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1980 Abstract Tolkamp,H.H . (1980)Organism-substrat e relationships inlowlan d streams.Agric . Res.Rep .(Versl .landbouwk .Onderz. )907 ,ISB N9 022 0075 9 6, (xi)+ 211p. ,8 0 tables,4 3figs. ,31 9refs. ,Eng .an dDutc hsummaries , 14appendices . Also:Doctora l thesis,Wageningen . Afiel d andlaborator y studyo nth emicrodistributio n ofbotto m dwellingmacro - invertebrates toinvestigat e therol eo fth estrea m substrate inth edevelopmen t andpreservatio no fth emacroinvertebrat e communities innatural ,undisturbe d low­ land streams isdescribed .Fiel d datao nbotto m substrates and faunawer e collected between 1975an d 1978fro mtw oDutc hlowlan d streams.Substrate swer e characterized byth enatur ean dth eamoun to forgani cdetritu san d theminera l particle sizes:i n afiel d classificationo nth ebasi so fth evisuall y dominant particle sizes; ina grain-size classificationo n thebasi so f exactparticle-siz e analysis inth elabora ­ tory.Substrat epreferenc e for8 4macroinvertebrat e specieswa s demonstrated using theInde xo fRepresentation . Substrate-selection experimentswer e conducted ina laborator y stream for three Trichopteraspecie s Qiiaropterna sequax, Chaetopteryx viVtosa and Serioostoma per­ sonation) andon eEphemeropter a species (.Ephemera danica). An experiment on the colonizationo fartificia l substrates inth efiel dwa s also conducted. Fromth efiel d data,severa l faunal groups couldb edistinguished , each group madeu po fspecie swit h similar substratepreferences .Detaile d datao n themicro - distribution inrelatio n tosubstrat eparticl e sizear egive n for 26 species,whic h represent thevariou s taxonomicalunit stha t compose thefauna l groups:Trichopter a (5species) ,Ephemeropter a (1species) ,Plecopter a (1species) ,Coleopter a (3species) , Amphipoda (1species) ,Dipter a (15species ,amon gwhic h 13specie so fChironomidae) . Themicrodistributio n isdiscusse d inrelatio n tocase-buildin g behaviour, life cycle andfoo dpreferences .Fo r several speciessubstrat epreference sma yb e different for different development stageso r indifferen t seasons. Iti sconclude d thatmos t speciessho wdistinc t preferences fora specific sub­ strate.Th esmal l scalespatia lvariatio n insubstrat ecompositio n of the streambe d isessentia l forth eexistenc eo fman y lowland streammacroinvertebrat e species. Freedescriptors :substrat epreference ,microdistribution , benthos,macroinvertebrates , particlesize ,detritus ,organi cmatter ,habita t preference, environmental factors, lowland stream, laboratory stream Communication NatureConservatio nDepartmen t 211. This thesiswil l alsob epublishe d asAgricultura l Research Reports907 . © Centrefo rAgricultura l Publishing andDocumentation ,Wageningen ,1980 . üw^,0* thlS b°0k Bay be reProduced °rPublishe d inan y form,b y print photoprint, microfilm oran yothe rmean swithou t writtenpermissio n from thepublisher s Woord vooraf Sindsi ki n197 3voo rhe teers tkenni smaakt eme td ewetenschappelijk e aspecten vand ehydrobiologi ehe bi kgeprobeer dm eee ndee lva ndi tvakgebie d eigent emake n onderd estimulerend e leidingva nDrs .J.J.P . Gardeniers.Jean ,zonde rjou wnie taf ­ latende ideeënstroom, critischebeschouwingen ,enthousiasm ee ndidactisch e talenten wasdi tproefschrif te rnie tgekomen .Nie t alleenhe bi khe tva kva nj egeleerd ,n a mijnstudi ebe nj ezowe lee ngewaardeer dmento ral see ngoe dvrien dgebleven .Talloze - discussies liggenachte r ons,waarva nvel eto tdie pi nd enach tduurde nterwij lonz e wederhelftend eavon d alleeno fsame ndoorbrachten .Mij ndank . Mijnpromotor ,Prof.Dr .M.F .Mörze rBruyn sbe ni kdan kverschuldig dvoo rd e gelegenheiddi ehi jmi jboo do mdi tonderzoe kbi jd evakgroe pNatuurbehee rt ever ­ richten.Mij nbelangstellin g voorhe tnatuurbehee r isvoo ree nbelangrij kdee lt e dankenaa nU winteressant e collegese nverhalen .Teven sbe ni kU zee r erkentelijk voorU wwaardevoll e adviezentijden sd ebewerkin gva nhe tmanuscript . Prof.C.W .Stortenbeke rwi li kbedanke nvoo r zijnstimulerend e commentaaro p hetmanuscript ,hetgee n zoweld estij lals.d eopze tte ngoed ekwam . Bijzondere dankbe ni kverschuldig daa ndegene ndi ehebbe nbijgedrage naa nd e totstandkomingva ndi tproefschrift : - Ir.J.Chr . Bothbego nme td evoorbereidin gva ndi tonderzoek .Vee lva njou w ideeën zijni ndez estudi everwerkt .Teven she bj ehe tmanuscrip tmeni gmaa lcritisc hdoor ­ genomene nd ediscussie sdi ehiero pvolgde nhe bi kzee r gewaardeerd. - Ir.P.F.M .Verdonscho tverrichtt e tweedeelonderzoeke nva ndez estudie ,welk e zoveel interessante informatie opleverdenda tw edi telder s zullenpubliceren .Dank ­ baarhe bi kgebrui kgemaak tva nj enoest ewerklus te nj eideeë no mgegeven st ever - werken. - Ir.0 .Kno ldee dhe tonderzoe knaa rd eafbraa kva ndivers ebladsoorten .Oo kdi t werk zullenw eelder spubliceren ,maa rd evel ediscussie sdi ew evoerde nhebbe n wezenlijkbijgedrage nto td ehuidig evor mva nhe tmanuscript . - Dr.H.K.M .Molle rPillo tvoo rhe tdeterminere nva nvel emuggelarven . - Dr.L.W.G .Higle rvoo rhe tdeterminere nva ndivers ekokerjuffers . - Drs.J.G.M .Cuppe nvoo rhe tcontrolere nva nmoeilijk ekevers . - Dehere nI .Wolter se nJ.A.J .Beye rvoo rd everleend ehul pbi jhe tuitzoeke ne n analyserenva nd emonsters . - Ir. H.Breme rvoo rhe tschrijve nva nd emeest e computerprogramma's,waarva ni k veelhe bgeleerd . - Drs.P .va nIerse lvoo rzij nassistenti ebi jhe tclusteren . - Ir.D .Davelaa rvoo rhe t schrijvenva nenkel e aanvullendeprogramma's . - Dehee rI .Mad eSuwetj avoo rhe tschrijve nva nd eplotterprogramma's . - Dr.L .va nde rPla svoo rhe tbeschikbaa rstelle nva nanalysefaciliteite nvoo r de korrelgrootteanalyseva nd ebodemmonster s opd evakgroe pBodemkund ee nGeologie . - Dehee rA .Engelsm avoo rzij nassistenti ebi jdez eanalyses . - Mej.W .Hofste evoo rhaa rhul pbi jd ekorrelgrootteanalyses . - Dehere nJ .va nde rGoo re nH .Paardekope r enhu nmedewerker sva nd ewerkplaat s vanhe tBiotechnio nvoo rd ebou wva nd ekunstbee ke nkweekgoot . - Drs.J .Beunde rvoo rhe tbeschikbaa rstelle nva nruimt evoo rd e laboratorium­ experimenteni nhe tBiotechnion . - Ir.J .Meulema ne nIr .J . denDui kvoo rhu nhul p alse rwee reen s ietsmi s ging metee nprogramma . - Dehee rM .Keul svoo r zijnstatistisch e adviezen. - Mevr.M .Gazenbeek-Dobbi evoo rd ecorrecti eva nd eengels etekst . - Mej.A.M.N.G .Salde nvoo rhe ttype nva nd e literatuurlijsten. - Mej.E .Geurtse nva nd eafdelin gTekstverwerkin gvoo rhe tsnell ee n nauwkeurige typewerkva nhe tdefinitiev emanuscript . - Dehere nI.R.C .Cressi ee nR.J.P .Aalpo lva nPudo cvoo rd ecorrecti e en redactionele vormgevingva nhe tmanuscript . - Demedewerker sva nd evakgroe pNatuurbehee rvoo rd eprettig ewerksfee r end evel e goedecontacten . - Velecollega' s inbinnen -e nbuitenlan dvoo rhe ttoezende nva noverdrukke n end e velemondeling ee nschriftelijk eadviezen . Tenslottemaa rnie ti nd e laatsteplaats ,dan k ikElle nvoo rd etalloz e uren dieeigenlij kvoo ron ssame nwaren ,maa rdi ei kaa ndi tproefschrif tbesteedde . Curriculum vitae HarryHendri kTolkam pwer d geboreno p3 septembe r 1952t eAalte nt emidde nva nd e toenno ggrotendeel snatuurlijk ebeken .Hi jvolgd e inAalte nhe tkleuter- ,basis -e n voortgezet onderwijs enbrach tvee lva n zijnvrij etij ddoo ri nd ebosse ne nd ebeke n ind eomgeving .N ahe tbehale nva nhe t einddiplomaHBS-B ,bego nhi ji n196 9me td e studiei nd eMilieuhygiën e (N42)aa nd eLandbouwhogeschoo l teWageningen ,waa rhi ji n 1972he tkandidaats -e ni n197 5he tdoctoraalexame n aflegde.Voo rhe t doctoraal examenwer dhe tonderzoe kvoora l gerichto phe twaterkwaliteitsbeheer : Natuurbeheer- Hydrobiologie bijProf.Dr .M.F .Mörze r Bruynso.l.v .Drs.J.J.P .Gardeniers ;Waterzui ­ veringbi jProf.P.G .Foh ro.l.v . Ir.J.G.de nBlanken ,T.H .Delft ,Afd .Gezondheids - techniek;Microbiologi e bijProf.E.G .Mulde ro.l.v . W.L.va nVee n(f) . Nahe tdoctoraa lexame nwa shi jwerkzaa mal swetenschappelij kambtenaa rbi jd e VakgroepNatuurbehee rva nd eLandbouwhogeschoo l totdecembe r 1975,vervolgen sal s wetenschappelijk assistentbi jdezelfd eVakgroe p voorhe tverrichte nva n voorliggend onderzoek enva njun i 1979 totjanuar i 1980wedero mal swetenschappelij k ambtenaar. Sindsdien ishi jwerkzaa m alshydrobioloo gbi jhe tWaterscha p Zuiveringschap Limburg teRoermond . Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 General 1 1.2 Purposeo fth e investigation 4 1.3 Hypotheses 5 1.4 Researchapproac h " •7 2 Description of the streams 2.1 TheSnijdersveerbee k ' 11 2.2 The Ratumsebeek 16 Methods 1g 3.1 Fieldprocedur e 16 3.1.1 Selectiono fsamplin g sites 16 3.1.2 Samplingdate s 17 3.1.3 Fieldclassificatio no f substrates 18 3.1.4 Samplingmetho d 20 3.1.5 Additional collections 20 3.2 Laboratoryprocedur e 20 3.2.1 Samplesortin g 20 3.2.2 Substrateanalysi s 23 3.2.3 Macrofauna analysis 25 3.3 Laboratory experiments 25 3.3.1 Artificialstrea mchanne lexperiments 25 3.3.1.1 Thestrea m 27 3.3.1.2 Substratesteste d 27 3.3.1.3 Experimentaldesig n 29 3.3.1.4 Speciesteste d 29 3.3.1.5 Theinfluenc eo fcurren tvelocit yo n substrate selection 30 3.3.2 Rearingchanne l 30 3.3.3 Experimentswit hTrichopter a 30 3.3.3.1 Case-building experiments 31 3.3.3.2
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