DOCSLIB.ORG

Evidence for Late Triassic Sauropods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evidence for Late Triassic Sauropods Sauropodomorph dinosaur trackways from the Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland: Evidence for Late Triassic sauropods JENS N. LALLENSACK, HENDRIK KLEIN, JESPER MILÀN, OLIVER WINGS, OCTÁVIO MATEUS, and LARS B. CLEMMENSEN Lallensack, J.N., Klein, H., Milán, J., Wings, O., Mateus, O., and Clemmensen, L.B. 2017. Sauropodomorph dinosaur trackways from the Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland: Evidence for Late Triassic sauropods. Acta Palaeonto- logica Polonica 62 (X): xxx–xxx. The Late Triassic (Norian–early Rhaetian) Fleming Fjord Formation of central East Greenland preserves a diverse fossil fauna, including both body and trace fossils. Trackways of large quadrupedal archosaurs, although already reported in 1994 and mentioned in subsequent publications, are here described and figured in detail for the first time, based on photogrammetric data collected during fieldwork in 2012. Two trackways can be referred to Eosauropus, while a third, bipedal trackway may be referred to Evazoum, both of which have been considered to represent sauropodomorph dinosaur tracks. Both the Evazoum and the Eosauropus trackways are distinctly larger than other trackways referred to the respective ichnogenera. The trackmaker of the best preserved Eosauropus trackway is constrained using a synapo- morphy-based approach. The quadrupedal posture, the entaxonic pes structure, and five weight-bearing digits indicate a derived sauropodiform trackmaker. Other features exhibited by the tracks, including the semi-digitigrade pes and the laterally deflected unguals, are commonly considered synapomorphies of more exclusive clades within Sauropoda. The present trackway documents an early acquisition of a eusauropod-like pes anatomy while retaining a well-developed claw on pedal digit IV, which is reduced in eusauropods. Although unequivocal evidence for sauropod dinosaurs is no older than the Early Jurassic, the present trackway provides evidence for a possible Triassic origin of the group. Key words: Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha, trackway, Triassic, Greenland. Jens N. Lallensack [[email protected]], Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelm Universität Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Hendrik Klein [[email protected]], Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum, Alte Richt 7, D-92318 Neu- markt, Germany. Jesper Milàn [[email protected]], Geomuseum Faxe/Østsjællands Museum. Østervej 2, DK-4640 Faxe, Denmark, and Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Oliver Wings [[email protected]], Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen (ZNS), Martin-Luther-Uni- versität Halle-Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany. Octávio Mateus [[email protected]], GEOBIOTEC, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-526 Caparica, Portuga, and Museu da Lourinhã, Rua João Luís de Moura, 2530-157 Lourinhã, Portugal. Lars B. Clemmensen [[email protected]], Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Received 21 April 2017, accepted 28 June 2017, available online XX September 2017. Copyright © 2017 J.N. Lallensack et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (for details please see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unre- stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. fossil within the Jurassic (Racey and Goodall 2009; McPhee Introduction et al. 2015). The sauropod status of Late Triassic forms The Triassic body fossil record of sauropods is extremely such as Antetonitrus is unclear, given current disagree- poor. Although Isanosaurus from the Nam Phong Formation ments on the taxonomic definition of Sauropoda (McPhee of Thailand had been described as the oldest known sauro- et al. 2014). Thus, undisputed evidence for Sauropoda pod (Buffetaut et al. 2000), its proposed late Norian or sensu stricto from the Triassic is currently lacking, with Rhaetian age was recently questioned, possibly placing the some authors arguing that sauropods diverged from other Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 62 (X): xxx–xxx, 2017 https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00374.2017 2 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 62 (X), 2017 sauropodomorphs as late as close to the Triassic–Jurassic mammaliaforms, possible sphenodonts and lepidosaurs, boundary (McPhee et al. 2015). testudinatans, phytosaurs, aetosaurs, a possible rauisu- Jenkins et al. (1994) briefly mentioned the occurrence chian, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs (theropods and basal sau- of three large, quadrupedal trackways referable to large ropodomorphs), while the ichnofauna includes a large num- archosaurs from the Late Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) ber of theropod-like (Grallator), sauropodomorph-like, and Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland. The best pre- stem-crocodylian archosaur trackways (Sulej et al. 2014; served of these trackways (herein, trackway S1) was noted Clemmensen et al. 2016; Klein et al. 2016). The three sau- to show “four clawed digits, oriented anterolaterally” and ropodomorph-like trackways described herein come from “small, crescentic impressions of the manus” (Jenkins et the Track Mountain locality at Wood Bjerg-Macknight Bjerg al. 1994: 19), and included in a sitemap showing its posi- (Fig. 1) along Carlsberg Fjord near the eastern margin of the tion amongst multiple smaller, bipedal trackways referred basin (Clemmensen et al. 2016). Trackway S1 (71°24.853’ N, to the ichnogenus Grallator. These large trackways were 22°33.322’ W; 534 m above sea level) and trackway S2 frequently mentioned in subsequent literature, but have (71°24.955’ N, 22°32.952’ W) represent quadrupedal track- never been described or illustrated in detail. Lockley and ways, while trackway S3 (71°24.857’ N, 22°33.334’ W) is Meyer (2000) suggested that these tracks are attributable bipedal. The tracks are preserved as concave epireliefs on a to basal sauropodomorph (“prosauropod”) dinosaurs, and thin, laterally extensive siltstone bed that is under- and over- possibly to the ichnogenus Tetrasauropus. Lockley et al. lain by red mudstone. The siltstone bed has a thickness be- (2001, 2006a) mention that the trackways might be those of tween 1 and 5 cm, is multistorey and contains wave-formed sauropod trackmakers, with Lockley et al. (2006a) stating structures including even lamination and tiny wave ripples. that the tracks are similar to those referred to the ichno- The upper surface is cut by polygonal mudcracks and re- genus Eosauropus. Fieldwork carried out in 2012 was able veals micro-ridges of uncertain origin. Tridactyl Grallator to relocate two of the three trackways (Sulej et al. 2014; tracks are seen locally in close association with the sau- Clemmensen et al. 2016). The better-preserved trackway ropodomorph-like tracks. Selected high-resolution photo- was identified as that of a biped with “rounded pes and graphs showing the described trackways in the field are weak indications of outwards-rotated claws”, and “a weak provided as SOM 1 (Supplementary Online Material avail- impression that could indicate the presence of a thin semi- able at http://app.pan.pl/SOM/app62-Lallensack_etal_SOM. lunate-shaped manus” (Clemmensen et al. 2016: 43). A sec- pdf). During Late Triassic times, the study area was located ond trackway, “quadrupedal, with an extreme degree of at the northern rim of the Pangaean supercontinent at about heteropody” and elongated pes imprints (Clemmensen et al. 40 ͦ N (Clemmensen et al. 2016). The track-bearing siltstone 2016: 43), was ascribed to a different type. A newly discov- bed is situated in the lowermost part of the Tait Bjerg Beds of ered third trackway showing tetradactyl pes prints was re- the Ørsted Dal Member within the Fleming Fjord Formation ferred to cf. Evazoum, suggesting a basal sauropodomorph (Clemmensen et al. 1998, 2016). The Ørsted Dal Member trackmaker (Sulej et al. 2014; Clemmensen et al. 2016). has been dated to the late Norian–early Rhaetian, based on Klein et al. (2016) noted that, given the lack of a complete invertebrate fossils, land-derived palynomorphs, and pa- description and detailed figures, it cannot be excluded that leomagnetic data; the track-bearing bed probably formed these tracks might not belong to dinosaurs but to large chi- around 208 mya (Clemmensen 1980; Kent and Clemmensen rotheriids. The purpose of the present paper is to describe 1996; Clemmensen et al. 1998, 2016). The track-bearing part these trackways in detail for the first time. In light of a of the succession was deposited in an ephemeral to semi-pe- possible sauropod affinity of the quadrupedal trackways, rennial lake with annual and longer-term fluctuations in footprint features are compared with skeletal features of lake water. The siltstone bed records flooding events of sauropodomorphs, allowing for trackmaker identification mudflats by lake water (Clemmensen et al. 1998). based on synapomorphies, and possibly providing addi- tional data on the poorly known early evolutionary history of sauropods. Material and methods Other abbreviations.—LM, left manus; LP, left pes; RP, The three trackways described herein (S1, S2, S3) were right pes; PL, pes length; RM, right manus; WAP, width of found in close proximity to each other (Fig. 1C). Descriptions the angulation pattern. and measurements are based on high-resolution photo- grammetric 3D-models generated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Origin and Early Evolution of Dinosaurs
    Biol. Rev. (2010), 85, pp. 55–110. 55 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs Max C. Langer1∗,MartinD.Ezcurra2, Jonathas S. Bittencourt1 and Fernando E. Novas2,3 1Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de S˜ao Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeir˜ao Preto-SP, Brazil 2Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada y Evoluci´on de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’, Avda. Angel Gallardo 470, Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina 3CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y T´ecnicas); Avda. Rivadavia 1917 - Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Received 28 November 2008; revised 09 July 2009; accepted 14 July 2009) ABSTRACT The oldest unequivocal records of Dinosauria were unearthed from Late Triassic rocks (approximately 230 Ma) accumulated over extensional rift basins in southwestern Pangea. The better known of these are Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Pisanosaurus mertii, Eoraptor lunensis,andPanphagia protos from the Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina, and Staurikosaurus pricei and Saturnalia tupiniquim from the Santa Maria Formation, Brazil. No uncontroversial dinosaur body fossils are known from older strata, but the Middle Triassic origin of the lineage may be inferred from both the footprint record and its sister-group relation to Ladinian basal dinosauromorphs. These include the typical Marasuchus lilloensis, more basal forms such as Lagerpeton and Dromomeron, as well as silesaurids: a possibly monophyletic group composed of Mid-Late Triassic forms that may represent immediate sister taxa to dinosaurs. The first phylogenetic definition to fit the current understanding of Dinosauria as a node-based taxon solely composed of mutually exclusive Saurischia and Ornithischia was given as ‘‘all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of birds and Triceratops’’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sauropodomorph Biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation of Southern Africa: Tracking the Evolution of Sauropodomorpha Across the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary
    Editors' choice The sauropodomorph biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation of southern Africa: Tracking the evolution of Sauropodomorpha across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary BLAIR W. MCPHEE, EMESE M. BORDY, LARA SCISCIO, and JONAH N. CHOINIERE McPhee, B.W., Bordy, E.M., Sciscio, L., and Choiniere, J.N. 2017. The sauropodomorph biostratigraphy of the Elliot Formation of southern Africa: Tracking the evolution of Sauropodomorpha across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (3): 441–465. The latest Triassic is notable for coinciding with the dramatic decline of many previously dominant groups, followed by the rapid radiation of Dinosauria in the Early Jurassic. Among the most common terrestrial vertebrates from this time, sauropodomorph dinosaurs provide an important insight into the changing dynamics of the biota across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. The Elliot Formation of South Africa and Lesotho preserves the richest assemblage of sauropodomorphs known from this age, and is a key index assemblage for biostratigraphic correlations with other simi- larly-aged global terrestrial deposits. Past assessments of Elliot Formation biostratigraphy were hampered by an overly simplistic biozonation scheme which divided it into a lower “Euskelosaurus” Range Zone and an upper Massospondylus Range Zone. Here we revise the zonation of the Elliot Formation by: (i) synthesizing the last three decades’ worth of fossil discoveries, taxonomic revision, and lithostratigraphic investigation; and (ii) systematically reappraising the strati- graphic provenance of important fossil locations. We then use our revised stratigraphic information in conjunction with phylogenetic character data to assess morphological disparity between Late Triassic and Early Jurassic sauropodomorph taxa. Our results demonstrate that the Early Jurassic upper Elliot Formation is considerably more taxonomically and morphologically diverse than previously thought.
    [Show full text]
  • Titanosauriform Teeth from the Cretaceous of Japan
    “main” — 2011/2/10 — 15:59 — page 247 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 247-265 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Titanosauriform teeth from the Cretaceous of Japan HARUO SAEGUSA1 and YUKIMITSU TOMIDA2 1Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda, 669-1546, Japan 2National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan Manuscript received on October 25, 2010; accepted for publication on January 7, 2011 ABSTRACT Sauropod teeth from six localities in Japan were reexamined. Basal titanosauriforms were present in Japan during the Early Cretaceous before Aptian, and there is the possibility that the Brachiosauridae may have been included. Basal titanosauriforms with peg-like teeth were present during the “mid” Cretaceous, while the Titanosauria with peg-like teeth was present during the middle of Late Cretaceous. Recent excavations of Cretaceous sauropods in Asia showed that multiple lineages of sauropods lived throughout the Cretaceous in Asia. Japanese fossil records of sauropods are conformable with this hypothesis. Key words: Sauropod, Titanosauriforms, tooth, Cretaceous, Japan. INTRODUCTION humerus from the Upper Cretaceous Miyako Group at Moshi, Iwaizumi Town, Iwate Pref. (Hasegawa et al. Although more than twenty four dinosaur fossil local- 1991), all other localities provided fossil teeth (Tomida ities have been known in Japan (Azuma and Tomida et al. 2001, Tomida and Tsumura 2006, Saegusa et al. 1998, Kobayashi et al. 2006, Saegusa et al. 2008, Ohara 2008, Azuma and Shibata 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • A Re-Evaluation of the Enigmatic Dinosauriform Caseosaurus Crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and Its Implications for Early Dinosaur Evolution
    A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution MATTHEW G. BARON and MEGAN E. WILLIAMS Baron, M.G. and Williams, M.E. 2018. A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (1): 129–145. The holotype specimen of the Late Triassic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis is redescribed and evaluated phylogenetically for the first time, providing new anatomical information and data on the earliest dinosaurs and their evolution within the dinosauromorph lineage. Historically, Caseosaurus crosbyensis has been considered to represent an early saurischian dinosaur, and often a herrerasaur. More recent work on Triassic dinosaurs has cast doubt over its supposed dinosaurian affinities and uncertainty about particular features in the holotype and only known specimen has led to the species being regarded as a dinosauriform of indeterminate position. Here, we present a new diagnosis for Caseosaurus crosbyensis and refer additional material to the taxon—a partial right ilium from Snyder Quarry. Our com- parisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Caseosaurus crosbyensis belongs in a clade with herrerasaurs and that this clade is the sister taxon of Dinosauria, rather than positioned within it. This result, along with other recent analyses of early dinosaurs, pulls apart what remains of the “traditional” group of dinosaurs collectively termed saurischians into a polyphyletic assemblage and implies that Dinosauria should be regarded as composed exclusively of Ornithoscelida (Ornithischia + Theropoda) and Sauropodomorpha. In addition, our analysis recovers the enigmatic European taxon Saltopus elginensis among herrerasaurs for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Antetonitrus Ingenipes (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): Implications for the Origins of Sauropoda
    THE ANATOMY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ANTETONITRUS INGENIPES (SAUROPODIFORMES, DINOSAURIA): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGINS OF SAUROPODA Blair McPhee A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2013 i ii ABSTRACT A thorough description and cladistic analysis of the Antetonitrus ingenipes type material sheds further light on the stepwise acquisition of sauropodan traits just prior to the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. Although the forelimb of Antetonitrus and other closely related sauropododomorph taxa retains the plesiomorphic morphology typical of a mobile grasping structure, the changes in the weight-bearing dynamics of both the musculature and the architecture of the hindlimb document the progressive shift towards a sauropodan form of graviportal locomotion. Nonetheless, the presence of hypertrophied muscle attachment sites in Antetonitrus suggests the retention of an intermediary form of facultative bipedality. The term Sauropodiformes is adopted here and given a novel definition intended to capture those transitional sauropodomorph taxa occupying a contiguous position on the pectinate line towards Sauropoda. The early record of sauropod diversification and evolution is re- examined in light of the paraphyletic consensus that has emerged regarding the ‘Prosauropoda’ in recent years. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express sincere gratitude to Adam Yates for providing me with the opportunity to do ‘real’ palaeontology, and also for gladly sharing his considerable knowledge on sauropodomorph osteology and phylogenetics. This project would not have been possible without the continued (and continual) support (both emotionally and financially) of my parents, Alf and Glenda McPhee – Thank you.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pelvic and Hind Limb Anatomy of the Stem-Sauropodomorph Saturnalia Tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil)
    PaleoBios 23(2):1–30, July 15, 2003 © 2003 University of California Museum of Paleontology The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil) MAX CARDOSO LANGER Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, BS8 1RJ Bristol, UK. Current address: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; [email protected] Three partial skeletons allow a nearly complete description of the sacrum, pelvic girdle, and hind limb of the stem- sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim, from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation, South Brazil. The new morphological data gathered from these specimens considerably improves our knowledge of the anatomy of basal dinosaurs, providing the basis for a reassessment of various morphological transformations that occurred in the early evolution of these reptiles. These include an increase in the number of sacral vertebrae, the development of a brevis fossa, the perforation of the acetabulum, the inturning of the femoral head, as well as various modifications in the insertion of the iliofemoral musculature and the tibio-tarsal articulation. In addition, the reconstruction of the pelvic musculature of Saturnalia, along with a study of its locomotion pattern, indicates that the hind limb of early dinosaurs did not perform only a fore-and-aft stiff rotation in the parasagittal plane, but that lateral and medial movements of the leg were also present and important. INTRODUCTION sisting of most of the presacral vertebral series, both sides Saturnalia tupiniquim was described in a preliminary of the pectoral girdle, right humerus, partial right ulna, right fashion by Langer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Triassic Lithostratigraphy of the Jameson Land Basin (Central East Greenland), with Emphasis on the New Fleming Fjord Group
    BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK · VOL. 68 · 2020 Triassic lithostratigraphy of the Jameson Land Basin (central East Greenland), with emphasis on the new Fleming Fjord Group LARS B. CLEMMENSEN, DENNIS V. KENT, MALTE MAU, OCTÁVIO MATEUS & JESPER MILÀN Clemmensen, L.B., Kent, D.V., Mau, M., Mateus, O. & Milàn, J. 2020. Triassic lithostratigraphy of the Jameson Land basin (central East Greenland), with emphasis on the new Fleming Fjord Group. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, vol. 68, pp. 95–132. ISSN 2245-7070. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2020-68-05-rev File replaced 2021-05-08: Erroneous rotation directions in the original publication Geological Society of Denmark are now correct. https://2dgf.dk The lithostratigraphy of the Triassic deposits of the Jameson Land Basin in central East Received 26 August 2019 Greenland is revised. The new Scoresby Land Supergroup is now composed of the Wordie Accepted in revised form Creek, Pingo Dal, Gipsdalen and Fleming Fjord Groups. This paper only deals with the 23 April 2020 lithostratigraphy of the late Early-Late Triassic continental deposits of the latter three Published online groups with emphasis on the vertebrate-bearing Fleming Fjord Group. The new Pingo 05 June 2020 Dal Group consists of three new formations, the Rødstaken, Paradigmabjerg and Klitdal © 2020 the authors. Re-use of material is Formations (all elevated from members), the new Gipsdalen Group consists of three new permitted, provided this work is cited. formations, the Kolledalen, Solfaldsdal (with the new Gråklint Member) and Kap Seaforth Creative Commons License CC BY: Formations (all elevated from members), and the new Fleming Fjord Group is subdivided https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ into three new formations, the Edderfugledal, Malmros Klint and Ørsted Dal Formations (all elevated from members).
    [Show full text]
  • A Late Triassic Lake System in East Greenland: Facies, Depositional Cycles and Palaeoclimate
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons ELSEVIER Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 140 (1998) 135±159 A Late Triassic lake system in East Greenland: facies, depositional cycles and palaeoclimate Lars B. Clemmensen a,Ł,DennisV.Kentb, Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. c a Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark b Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA c Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 24 May 1996; accepted 18 January 1997 Abstract The Upper Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of the Jameson Land Basin in East Greenland contains a well-exposed succession, 200±300 m thick, of lake deposits. The Malmros Klint Member, 100±130 m thick, is composed of cyclically bedded intraformational conglomerates, red siltstones and ®ne-grained sandstones and disrupted dolomitic sediments (paleosols). The cyclicity is composite with cycles having mean thicknesses of (25), 5.9 and 1.6 m. The overlying Carlsberg Fjord beds of the érsted Dal Member, 80±115 m thick, are composed of structureless red mudstones rhythmically broken by thin greyish siltstones. This unit also has a composite cyclicity with cycles having mean thicknesses of 5.0 and 1.0 m. The uppermost Tait Bjerg Beds of the érsted Dal Member, 50±65 m thick, can be divided into two units. A lower unit is composed of cyclically bedded intraformational conglomerates or thin sandstones, red mudstones, greenish mudstones and yellowish marlstones. An upper unit is composed of relatively simple cycles of grey mudstones and yellowish marlstones.
    [Show full text]
  • Osteological Revision of the Holotype of the Middle
    Osteological revision of the holotype of the Middle Jurassic sauropod dinosaur Patagosaurus fariasi (Sauropoda: Cetiosauridae) BONAPARTE 1979 Femke Holwerda, Oliver W.M. Rauhut, Pol Diego To cite this version: Femke Holwerda, Oliver W.M. Rauhut, Pol Diego. Osteological revision of the holotype of the Middle Jurassic sauropod dinosaur Patagosaurus fariasi (Sauropoda: Cetiosauridae) BONAPARTE 1979. 2020. hal-02977029 HAL Id: hal-02977029 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02977029 Preprint submitted on 27 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Osteological revision of the holotype of the Middle Jurassic sauropod 2 dinosaur Patagosaurus fariasi (Sauropoda: Cetiosauridae) 3 BONAPARTE 1979 4 5 Femke M Holwerda1234, Oliver W M Rauhut156, Diego Pol78 6 7 1 Staatliche Naturwissenscha�liche Sammlungen Bayerns (SNSB), Bayerische Staatssamlung für 8 Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, 80333 München, Germany 9 10 2 Department of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan, 3584 CD Utrecht, 10 Netherlands 11 12 3 Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, AlbertaT0J 0Y0, Canada (current) 13 14 4 Fachgruppe Paläoumwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- 15 Nürnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany 16 17 5 Department für Umwelt- und Geowissenscha�en, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard- 18 Wagner-Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontological Discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Campanian-Lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina
    Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 21(2): 217-293, 2019 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) Paleontological discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina Fernando. E. NOVAS1,2, Federico. L. AGNOLIN1,2,3, Sebastián ROZADILLA1,2, Alexis M. ARANCIAGA-ROLANDO1,2, Federico BRISSON-EGLI1,2, Matias J. MOTTA1,2, Mauricio CERRONI1,2, Martín D. EZCURRA2,5, Agustín G. MARTINELLI2,5, Julia S. D´ANGELO1,2, Gerardo ALVAREZ-HERRERA1, Adriel R. GENTIL1,2, Sergio BOGAN3, Nicolás R. CHIMENTO1,2, Jordi A. GARCÍA-MARSÀ1,2, Gastón LO COCO1,2, Sergio E. MIQUEL2,4, Fátima F. BRITO4, Ezequiel I. VERA2,6, 7, Valeria S. PEREZ LOINAZE2,6 , Mariela S. FERNÁNDEZ8 & Leonardo SALGADO2,9 1 Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina - fernovas@yahoo. com.ar. 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina. 3 Fundación de Historia Natural “Felix de Azara”, Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BDB Buenos Aires, Argentina. 4 Laboratorio de Malacología terrestre. División Invertebrados Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 5 Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 6 División Paleobotánica. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires C1405DJR, Argentina. 7 Área de Paleontología. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA) Buenos Aires, Argentina. 8 Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (CONICET-INIBIOMA), Quintral 1250, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Yates, A.M., Wedel, M.J., and Bonnan, M.F. 2012. the Early Evolution of Postcranial Skeletal Pneumaticity in Sauropodo− Morph Dinosaurs
    The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs ADAM M. YATES, MATHEW J. WEDEL, and MATTHEW F. BONNAN Yates, A.M., Wedel, M.J., and Bonnan, M.F. 2012. The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodo− morph dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (1): 85–100. Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP) is present in a range of basal sauropodomorphs spanning the basal sauro− podomorph–sauropod transition. We describe the PSP of five taxa, Plateosaurus engelhardti, Eucnemesaurus fortis, Aardonyx celestae, Antetonitrus ingenipes, and an unnamed basal sauropod from Spion Kop, South Africa (hereafter re− ferred to as the Spion Kop sauropod). The PSP of Plateosaurus is apparently sporadic in its occurrence and has only been observed in very few specimens, in which it is of very limited extent, affecting only the posterior cervical vertebrae and pos− sibly the mid dorsals in one specimen. The PSP of Eucnemesaurus, Aardonyx, Antetonitrus, and the Spion Kop sauropod consists of subfossae (fossa−within−fossa structures) that excavate the vertices of the posterior infradiapophyseal fossae of the posterior dorsal vertebrae. These subfossae range from simple shallow depressions (Eucnemesaurus) to deep, steep− sided, internally subdivided and asymmetrically developed chambers (Antetonitrus). The middle and anterior dorsal verte− brae of these taxa lack PSP, demonstrating that abdominal air sacs were the source of the invasive diverticula. The presence of pneumatic features within the infradiapophyseal fossae suggest that the homologous fossae of more basal saurischians and dinosauriforms were receptacles that housed pneumatic diverticula. We suggest that it is probable that rigid non−compli− ant lungs ventilated by compliant posterior air sacs evolved prior to the origination of Dinosauria.
    [Show full text]
  • (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) Coprolite from the Late Trias-Sic Fleming Fjord Group of Jameson Land, Central East Greenland
    A possible phytosaurian (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) coprolite from the Late Trias-sic Fleming Fjord Group of Jameson Land, central East Greenland Milàn, Jesper; Octávio, Mateus; Mau, Malte; Rudra, Arka; Sanei, Hamed; Clemmensen, Lars B. Published in: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark DOI: 10.37570/bgsd-2021-69-05 Publication date: 2021 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Milàn, J., Octávio, M., Mau, M., Rudra, A., Sanei, H., & Clemmensen, L. B. (2021). A possible phytosaurian (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) coprolite from the Late Trias-sic Fleming Fjord Group of Jameson Land, central East Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 69, 71-80. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2021- 69-05 Download date: 02. okt.. 2021 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DENMARK · VOL. 69 · 2021 A possible phytosaurian (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) coprolite from the Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Group of Jameson Land, central East Greenland JESPER MILÀN, OCTÁVIO MATEUS, MALTE MAU, ARKA RUDRA, HAMED SANEI & LARS B. CLEMMENSEN Milàn, J., Mateus, O., Mau, M., Rudra, A., Sanei, H. & Clemmensen, L.B. 2021: A possible phytosaurian (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) coprolite from the Late Trias- sic Fleming Fjord Group of Jameson Land, central East Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, vol. 69, pp. 71-80. ISSN 2245-7070. https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2021-69-05 Geological Society of Denmark A large, well-preserved vertebrate coprolite was found in a lacustrine sediment in the https://2dgf.dk Malmros Klint Formation of the Late Triassic Fleming Fjord Group in the Jameson Land Basin, central East Greenland.
    [Show full text]