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Novus Ortus: the Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey”
DOI: 10.7816/idil-04-16-08 idil, 2015, Cilt 4, Sayı 16, Volume 4, Issue 16 NOVUS ORTUS: THE AWAKENING OF LAZ LANGUAGE IN TURKEY Nurdan KAVAKLI 1 ABSTRACT Laz (South Caucasian) language, which is spoken primarily on the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, is being threatened by language endangerment. Having no official status, Laz language is considered to be an ethnic minority language in Turkey. All Laz people residing in Turkey are bilingual with the official language in the country, Turkish, and use Laz most frequently in interfamilial conversations. In this article, Laz language is removed from the dusty pages of Turkish history as a response to the threat of language attrition in the world. Accordingly, language endangerment is viewed in terms of a sociolinguistic phenomenon within the boundaries of both language-internal and -external factors. Laz language revitalization acts have also been scrutinized. Having a dekko at the history of modern Turkey will enlighten whether those revitalization acts and/or movements can offer a novus ortus (new birth) for the current situation of Laz language. Keywords: Laz language, endangered languages, minority languages, language revitalization Kavaklı, Nurdan. "Novus Ortus: The Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey”. idil 4.16 (2015): 133-146. Kavaklı, N. (2015). Novus Ortus: The Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey. idil, 4 (16), s.133-146. 1 Arş.Gör., Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesi, İngilizce Öğretmenliği Bölümü, Ankara, nurdankavakli(at)gmail.com 133 www.idildergisi.com Kavaklı, Nurdan. "Novus Ortus: The Awakening of Laz Language in Turkey". idil 4.16 (2015): 133-146. -
Representation of Ethnic Identities in Turkish
French Journal For Media Research – n° 6/2016 – ISSN 2264-4733 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITIES IN TURKISH ADVERTISEMENTS R.Gulay Ozturk Associate Prof of Advertising, İstanbul Commerce University, Advertising Department [email protected] Resumé Dans le monde d’aujourd’hui où tout est formé selon les besoins et les demandes des consommateurs, la détermination de ces derniers et la réalisation d’activités de marketing intégrées offre un avantage compétitif significatif aux marques. S’adresser aux consommateurs selon leurs besoins et demandes, et spécialement dans des pays à diversité culturelle, permet d’atteindre les buts du marketing. De ce point de vue, il est important de prendre en compte les différentes identités culturelles de la population. Chaque groupe ethnique possède sa propre langue, sa croyance, ses valeurs etc. Par contre leur représentation dans l’industrie médiatique peut différer de ce qu’il en est réellement. La Turquie est un pays multiculturel. Divers groupes ethniques y vivent. Par exemple les Kurdes, les Lazes, les Circassiens, les Caucasiens, les Arméniens, les Rums/Grecs, les Alévis, les Yazidis etc. Toutes ces identités ethniques représentent une importante valeur pour la Turquie. Ma recherche porte ainsi sur la représentation des identités ethniques dans les publicités turques. Ma question principale est donc celle-ci: “Comment ces identités sont-elles reflétées dans les pratiques publicitaires”. Les concepts d’identité ethnique, de marketing ethnique et de publicité ethnique y seront tout d’abord expliqués et débattus selon la littérature concernée, puis j’entreprendrais une analyse de contenu sur des exemples de publicité, pour finalement tenter d’expliquer pourquoi l’identité ethnique est importante pour les marques et la publicité en Turquie et dans le monde. -
A Sociological Analysis of Internally Displaced Persons (Idps) As a Social Identity: a Case Study for Georgian Idps
A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPS) AS A SOCIAL IDENTITY: A CASE STUDY FOR GEORGIAN IDPS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY HAZAR EGE GÜRSOY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AREA STUDIES AUGUST 2021 Approval of the thesis: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPS) AS A SOCIAL IDENTITY: A CASE STUDY FOR GEORGIAN IDPS submitted by HAZAR EGE GÜRSOY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Area Studies, the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Dean Graduate School of Social Sciences Assist. Prof. Dr. Derya Göçer Head of Department Department of Area Studies Prof. Dr. Ayşegül AYDINGÜN Supervisor Department of Sociology Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL (Head of the Examining Committee) Middle East Technical University Department of Political Science and Public Administration Prof. Dr. Ayşegül AYDINGÜN (Supervisor) Middle East Technical University Department of Sociology Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT Middle East Technical University Department of International Relations Assist. Prof. Dr. Yuliya BİLETSKA Karabük University Department of International Relations Assist. Prof. Dr. Olgu KARAN Başkent University Department of Sociology iii iv PLAGIARISM I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. -
Rivalitäten Und Konflikt Zwischen Sunniten Und Schiiten in Nahost
Rivalitäten und Konflikt zwischen Sunniten und Schiiten in Nahost von Sigrid Faath (Hrsg.) Forschungsinstitut der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e. V. Berlin, Januar 2010 Die Durchführung dieser Studie wurde aus Mitteln des Kulturhaushalts des Auswärtigen Amts – Dialog mit der islamischen Welt – finanziert. © PD Dr. Sigrid Faath Berlin, Januar 2010 Die DGAP trägt mit wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen und Veröffentlichungen zur Bewertung internationaler Entwicklungen und zur Diskussion hierüber bei. Die in den Veröffentlichungen geäußerten Meinungen sind die der Autoren. Vorwort der Herausgeberin The Islamic world today stands at a crossroad. An orthodox interpretation of Islam continues to prevail with a strong tilt toward political Islam. [...] The world today is witnessing the beginning of the end of the isolationist Islamist model in the Middle East. The way religion and politics have interacted for the last twenty-five years is on the verge of transformation towards a different model. One of the challenges will be salvaging the humanism and equality of original Islam from the Islam of anti-modernism and fundamentalism that evolved from conflict with the outside world. Discovering Islam within Islam will be a long and turbulent journey. Shafiq Ghabra, Professor für Politische Wissenschaft, Kuwait University, in: Arab Times, Kuwait, 7. September 2009 Ist wirklich in den nächsten Jahren mit einer Veränderung der Beziehungen zwi- schen Politik und Religion in den islamisch geprägten Staaten zu rechnen wie dies in dem einleitenden -
Rhythm and the Holistic Organization of Language Structure1
RHYTHM AND THE HOLISTIC ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGE STRUCTURE1 Patricia Jane Donegan and David Stampe Department of Linguistics University of Hawai‘i Honolulu HI 96822 USA For André G. Haudricourt and Heinz-Jürgen Pinnow A living language is not just a collection of autonomous parts, but, as Sapir (1921) stressed, a harmonious and self-contained whole, massively resistant to change from without, which evolves according to an enigmatic, but unmistakably real, inner plan. We will draw on the structures and histories of the Munda and Mon-Khmer families of Austroasiatic languages2 to argue that this holistic organization is far more extensive even than Sapir imagined, linking all levels of linguistic structure -- from syntax through phonetics -- to each other in the synchrony and the long-term evolution of each language. And we will argue that the inner plan behind this holism of structure and evolution is the rhythmic pattern of phrases and words. The Munda languages differ widely in detail, but they are similar to each other in typology, and so are the Mon-Khmer languages. But Munda and Mon-Khmer are typologically opposite at every level: MUNDA MON-KHMER3 Phrase Accent: Falling (initial) Rising (final) Word Order: Variable -- SOV, AN, Rigid -- SVO, NA Postpositional Prepositional Syntax: Case, Verb Agreement Analytic Word Canon: Trochaic, Dactylic Iambic, Monosyllabic Morphology: Agglutinative, Fusional, Suffixing, Polysynthetic Prefixing or Isolating Timing: Isosyllabic, Isomoric Isoaccentual Syllable Canon: (C)V(C) unacc. (C)V, acc. (C)(C)V(G)(C) Consonantism: Stable, Shifting, Tonogenetic, Geminate Clusters Non-Geminate Clusters Tone/Register: Level Tone (Korku only) Contour Tones/Register Vocalism: Stable, Monophthongal, Shifting, Diphthongal, Harmonic Reductive The genetic relationship of Munda to Mon-Khmer was proposed in the 19th century, and by 1906 Schmidt had adduced a respectable body of cognates. -
The Ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars. an Historical Reinterpretation Author(S): Brian Glyn Williams Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol
The Ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars. An Historical Reinterpretation Author(s): Brian Glyn Williams Source: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Nov., 2001), pp. 329-348 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25188176 Accessed: 26-04-2016 14:16 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society This content downloaded from 128.111.121.42 on Tue, 26 Apr 2016 14:16:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars. An Historical Reinterpretation BRIAN GLYN WILLIAMS With the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe the west has been confronted with the existence of several, little-understood Muslim ethnic groups in this region whose contested histories can be traced back to the Ottoman period and beyond. Previously overlooked Muslim ethnies, such as the Bulgarian Turks, Bosniaks, Pomaks, Kosovars, Chechens, and Crimean Tatars, have begun to receive considerable attention from both western scholars and the general public. -
Analysis of Ethnic Differences of Iranian Sports Fans in the Variables of Islamic Cohesion, National Identity, and Perception of Sports Success
Propósitos y Representaciones May. 2021, Vol. 9, SPE(3), e1112 ISSN 2307-7999 Current context of education and psychology in Europe and Asia e-ISSN 2310-4635 http://dx.doi.org/10.20511/pyr2021.v9nSPE3.1112 RESEARCH NOTES Analysis of ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in the variables of Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success Análisis de las diferencias étnicas de los aficionados al deporte iraníes en las variables de cohesión islámica, identidad nacional y percepción del éxito deportivo Amir Hossein Monazzami Assist. Prof., Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee University, IRAN ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-7698 Behnam Naghi-Pour Givi Assist. Prof., Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran, IRAN ORCID ID:https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-2086 Received 09-08-20 Revised 10-10-20 Accepted 12-18-20 On line 03-08-21 *Correspondence Cite as: Email: [email protected] Monazzami, A.H., & Naghi-pour, B. (2021). Analysis of ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in the variables of Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success. Propósitos y Representaciones, 9 (SPE3), e1112. Doi: http://dx.doi.org.10.20511.pyr2021.v9nSPE3.1112 © Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, 2021. This article is distributed under license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International (http:..creativecommons.org.licenses.by-nc-nd.4.0.) Analysis of ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in the variables of Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success. Summary Iran is a country with different ethnicities and religions and some negative experiences of conflicts throughout history. -
Overview of the Munda Languages
chapter 5 Overview of the Munda Languages Gregory D.S. Anderson 1 Introduction The Munda languages are a group of Austroasiatic languages spoken across portions of central and eastern India by perhaps as many as ten million people total. The Munda peoples are generally believed to represent autochthonous populations over much of their current areas of inhabitation. This is codified in one of the common terms used locally to describe them, adivasi or ‘aboriginal’. Approximate Distribution of N E P A Munda languages L Mundari UTTAR PRADESH Santali INDIA B BIHAR A N Agariya G L Korwa D A HAN Koda JHARK D MADHYA Santali E Agariya Koraku Asuri Turi S PRADESH 5 H KorwaAsuri 4 2 WEST 1 3 2 3 Santali1 BENGAL 5 4 Bhumij 1 5 2 3 Kharia 3 1 Korku H R A G Juang Mahali S 1. Birhor HARASHTRA I MA T ORISSA 2. Ho T A Gorum 3. Kharia H H Remo 4. Mundari C Sora 5. Turi ANDHRA Gutob PRADESH Gta 0 Miles 150 INDIAN OCEAN 0 Km 150 Map 5.1 Location of the Munda languages in India. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���5 | doi ��.��63/9789004�8357�_006 overview of the munda languages 365 Originally, Munda-speaking peoples probably extended over a somewhat larger area before being marginalized into the relatively remote hill country and (formerly) forested areas primarily in the states of Odisha and Jharkhand; significant Munda-speaking groups are also to be found in Madhya Pradesh, and throughout remote areas of Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra, and through migration to virtually all areas of India, especially in tea-producing regions like Assam. -
Turkey Date: 17 November 2008
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: TUR34020 Country: Turkey Date: 17 November 2008 Keywords: Turkey – Armenians – Orthodox Christians – December 19 organisation – Azadamard publication – Law 302 – Illegal organisations This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. Is there any evidence of Armenian Christians being targeted in Turkey in any way? 2. Please provide information regarding the organisation named December 19, including whether it distributes a bulletin called Azadamard. What sort of publication is Azadamard? 3. What is the penalty for a breach of Turkish Law 302, regarding membership of an illegal organisation? RESPONSE Preliminary Note According to a study on Turkish demographics carried out by several Turkish universities the current population of Armenians number 60 million: A report commissioned eight years ago by the highest advisory body in the land investigates how many Turks, Kurds and people of other extractions are living in Turkey. The report comes to light as part -
Abkhazia – Historical Timeline
ABKHAZIA – HISTORICAL TIMELINE All sources used are specifically NOT Georgian so there is no bias (even though there is an abundance of Georgian sources from V century onwards) Period 2000BC – 100BC Today’s territory of Abkhazia is part of Western Georgian kingdom of Colchis, with capital Aee (Kutaisi - Kuta-Aee (Stone-Aee)). Territory populated by Georgian Chans (Laz-Mengrelians) and Svans. According to all historians of the time like Strabo (map on the left by F. Lasserre, French Strabo expert), Herodotus, and Pseudo-Skilak - Colchis of this period is populated solely by the Colkhs (Georgians). The same Georgian culture existed throughout Colchis. This is seen through archaeological findings in Abkhazia that are exactly the same as in the rest of western Georgia, with its capital in central Georgian city of Kutaisi. The fact that the centre of Colchian culture was Kutaisi is also seen in the Legend of Jason and the Argonauts (Golden Fleece). They travel through town and river of Phasis (modern day Poti / Rioni, in Mengrelia), to the city of Aee (Kutaisi – in Imereti), where the king of Colchis reigns, to obtain the Golden Fleece (method of obtaining gold by Georgian Svans where fleece is placed in a stream and gold gets caught in it). Strabo in his works Geography XI, II, 19 clearly shows that Georgian Svan tribes ruled the area of modern day Abkhazia – “… in Dioscurias (Sukhumi)…are the Soanes, who are superior in power, - indeed, one might almost say that they are foremost in courage and power. At any rate, they are masters of the peoples around them, and hold possession of the heights of the Caucasus above Dioscurias (Sukhumi). -
Review of Donald Rayfield's 'Edge of Empires. a History of Georgia'
Edge of Empires. A History of Georgia Donald Rayfield London: Reaktion Books, 2012, 479 pp, £35 hardback. Rayfield (hereafter DR) began his Slavonic Review assessment of Ronald Suny’s The Making of the Georgian Nation (Tauris, 1989; 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, 1994) thus: ‘Any publisher commissioning a book of this title would expect by right a work that began with the connections of the Georgians with ancient Anatolia, the presumed Indo-Europeans and Semites of the upper Euphrates, as well as the autochthonous Caucasians, and then went on to deal with the Kartvelian peoples (the Svans, Laz, Mingrelians and Georgians), moving into recorded history to discuss the effects of Greeks, Iranians, Mongols, Turks, and Russians on Georgia’s genetic stock, language, culture, sense of identity, finally examining the relationship of the nation to the state, its own and its oppressors’ and protectors’, concluding with an examination of the very disturbing resurgence of Georgian nationalism, even chauvinism, and some relevant predictions.’ He went on to criticise Suny’s devoting five times more space to the preceding century than to the previous two millennia and concluded: ‘A book still needs to be written on the unfinished making of the Georgian nation; Suny’s work gives us some leads and some material, but will be remembered only as a precursor.’ And so, readers, approaching the book with their own perspectives, must judge how far in their eyes DR has succeeded in meeting both their expectations and the standards of his own template. Drawing on sources in a variety of languages, he has certainly rebalanced Suny’s weighting, for the first 305 pages bring us to 1885, leaving only 95 pages to take the story up to (pre-election) 2012. -
Targeting the Minority: a New Theory of Diversionary Violence
Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2020 Targeting the Minority: A New Theory of Diversionary Violence Nathaniel M. Arnold Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Arnold, Nathaniel M., "Targeting the Minority: A New Theory of Diversionary Violence" (2020). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 2323. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/2323 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TARGETING THE MINORITY: A NEW THEORY OF DIVERSIONARY VIOLENCE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By NATHANIEL M. ARNOLD B.A., Old Dominion University, 2014 2020 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL April 29, 2020 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Nathaniel M. Arnold ENTITLED Targeting the Minority: A New Theory of Diversionary Violence BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ______________________________ Liam Anderson, Ph.D. Thesis Director ______________________________ Laura M. Luehrmann, Ph.D. Director, Master of Arts Program in International and Comparative Politics Committee on Final Examination: ___________________________________ Liam Anderson, Ph.D. School of Public and International Affairs ___________________________________ Carlos Costa, Ph.D. School of Public and International Affairs ___________________________________ Vaughn Shannon, Ph.D.