Curry, Nancy .., Ed. Bovling-Fencing Guide with Official Rules. January

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 079 315 SP 006 740

AUTHOR Docherty, Ethel, Ed.; Curry, Nancy.., Ed. TITLE Bovling-Fencing Guide with Official Rules. January 1973 January 1975. INSTITUTION American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Washington, D.C. Div. for Girls and Women's Sports. PUB DATE 73 NOTE 170p. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican Association for Health, Physical .,ucation, and Recreation, 1201 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036 (Stocx t:o. 243-25364 $1.50)

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 EC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Athletic Activities; Athletic Equipment;*Athletics; *Physical Activities; *Physical Education;*Womens Education

ABSTRACT Rules for women's bowling and fencing fromJanuary 1973 to January 1975 are discussed. Standardsin sports for girls and women are detailed along with the Division for Girls andWomen's Sports (DGWS) statement of beliefs. Specific articlesdealing with bowling skills, norms, and rules forwomen are included. Articles are also included on the techniques, rules, and teachingof fencing. Bibliographies on both bowling and fencingare presented. (BiB) U S DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, RF,,ROUUCE EDUCATION & WELFARE AC RV BY MICRO JPYR1604.f 1)VATEP,A, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FICHE ONLY A` BEEN(,RANITO BY EDUCATION trIS DOCUMENT HAS BEENREPRO RECEIVED FROM DUCE° EXACTLY AS ORIGIN THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION CAGAN ZATioNS OPERAT AT ING IT POINTS OF VIEWOR OPINIONS E ,NIT. 711E NA AGREE ME \T STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILYREPRE INSTITUTE OF -NAL INSTITUTE01 EDUCATION SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL OUTS'OF POLICY .4-.ER PEPROC)uCTON EDUCATION POSITION OR ,F F. - SYS'EVREQUIRES PERYIS 'At 0,W.ER Bowling Fencing GUIDE

JANUARY 1973 - JANUARY 1975

With Official Rules

Editors

Ethel Docherty, Bowling

Nancy L. Curry, Fencing

THE DIVISION FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN'S SPORTS American Association for Health, PhysicalEducation, and Recreation :r.....,0;4,,....000: e ...1

0.-..:,' , 0; 0 . S

Library of Corm, ss Catalog Card No 5,1.4-1,168

Published by the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR HEALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, AND RECREATION A National Affiliate of the National Education Association

1201 Sixteenth St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 CONTENTS

DIVISION FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN'S SPORTS 5 Sports Guides and Official Rules Committee Interest Indicator 6 DGWS Statement of Beliefs 7

Standards in Sports or Girls and Women 11 Sources of Information and Service 12 DGWS Executive Council . 14 Sports Guides and Official Rules Committee 16 Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women 19

BOWLING DGWS Bowling Committees 11 23 Bowling and the Individual ...... Joyce M. Curtis Teaching Bowling Skills to the Handicapped Clare Albom 26 Behavioral Objectives Estelle Poach 30 Beginning Bowling Made Easy Jeanine Bennett 34 Bowling Timing and Form Lou Bellisinio 38 The Role of Feedback m Buwl.ng Anne Rothstein 47 Visual Feedback for Sport Bowling ..Jacqueline nick 50 and Jeralyn J. Mack See the Spares Geneve lhngst 52 Bowling Norms for College Women Frances Wood 55 and Betty A. Wallace III, Real Thing on the Gym Floor' Marian E. Kneer 65 Collegiate Division of the WIBC 6S National Intercollegiate Postal Ten pin Tournament Geneire lhngst 70 Official Duckpin Rules 78 CONTENTS 3 Scoring the Duckpin Game 88 Tenpin Rules and Regulations 91 AJBC Rules Covering Organization of Leagues 97 Bowling Bibliography 101 Selected Bowling Research 103 Bowling Visual Aids Revised by Joyce Curtis 105

FENCING

DGWS Fencing Committees 108 For Fencing Teachers Who Know Little about the Sport Mary Ileinecke 109 Teaching Foil Fencing with Improvised Equipment Eloise Newell Clark 113 What a Fencer Can Do To Help Herself Develop Charles R. Schnutter 116 Fencing Visual Aids Barbara Baxter Mil:tiger 118 List of Qualified Directors for Foil Competitions Lisel K. Judge 123 Technical Rules of Fencing Edited by Nancy L. Curry 146 Fencing Bibliography Geri Km ler 166

4 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE DIVISION FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN'S SPORTS The DivisionforGirls and Women's Sports isa nonprofit educational organization designed to serve the needs and interests of administrators, teachers, leaders, and participants in sportsprograms for girls and women. It is one of eight divisions of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. Active members of the Division are women members of the American Associatior. for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation whoare interested in sports for girls and women and who participate in the work of the Division. These women are professional leaders in schools, colleges, community centers, industrial plants, military services, public and private clubs, and agencies. The purpose of the Division for Girls and Women's Sports is to foster the development of sports programs for the enrichment of the life of the participant. The Division for Girls and Women's Sports attempts to promote desirable sports programs through: 1. Formulating and publicizing guiding principles and standards for the administrator, leader, official, and player. '1. Publishing and i.,terpreting rules governing sports for girls and women. 3. Providing the means fortraining,evaluating, and rating of officials. 4. Disseminating information on the conduct of girls and women's sports. 5. Stimulating evaluating and disseminating research in the field of girls and women's sports. 6. Cooperating with allied groups interested in girls and women's sports in order to formulate policies and rules that affect the conduct of women's sports. 7. Providing opportunities for the development of leadershipamong girls and women for the conduct of their sports programs.

DIVISION FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN'S SPORTS 5 SPORTS GUIDES AND OFFICIAL RULES COMMITTEE INTEREST INDICATOR

The SGOR Committee is endeavoring to broaden its base of personnel and to strengthen its services to Guide readers. The purpose of this form is to offer readers an opportunity to join us in meeting :his need. Please complete this form and send itto the SGOR Associate Chairman-elect, whose name and address appear on page 16.

Name Professional Addres City State Zip Code I. Check the Sport Committee(s)which would be of interest to you: Aquatics Flag football Speedball Archery Golf Squash Badminton Gymnastics Tennis Bask thall I acrosse Track and Field Bowling Outing Activities Volleyball Fencing Soccer _Winter Sports Field llockey_Softball

2 Would you liketo serveasa member of a Sports Guide Committee of your interest?* Yes No 3. Would you consider submitting an article to a Guide Committee as a prospective author? Yes No Possible topic or title 4. Can you suggest topics for articles which you would like to have included in future Guider? (Please indicate sport.) 5. Are there others whom you would recommend fo- consideration as possible corimittee members or authors? Please indicate below. (Use additional paper, it necessary.)

Name (Sport(~) Professional Address City Stile Zip Code_ Sports Committee Member L) Prospect we Au thor ) (Check one)

You may serve on only one Sport Guide Committee at a tunic.

6 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE DGWS STATEMENT OF BELIEFS We behere that opportunities for Instruction andparticipation in sports should be included in the educational experiencesof every girl. Sports are an integral part of the culture inwhich we live. Sportsskillsand sportsparticipationare valuable social and recreational tools which may be used to enrich thelives of women in OWsociety. We believe that snorts opportunities at all levelsof skill should be available to girls and women who wish to take advantageof these experiences. Competition and cooperation may bedemonstrated in ellsports programs althoughthetypeandintensityof the competition will vary with the degree or level ofskill of the participants. An understanding of the relationshipbetween competition and cooperation and of how to utilize bothwithin the accepted framework of our society is one of the desirable outcomesof sports participation. We believeintheimportanceof physical activityInthe maintenance of the general health of theparticipant. We believethatparticipationinsports contributes tothe development of self-confidence and to the establishmentof desirable interpersonal relations. For these reasons, we believe that girls and womenof all ages shouls: be provided with comprehensive school andcommunity programs of sports and recreation.In addition, they should be strongly and actively encouraged to take part in such programs.

PROGRAM We believe that sports programs for girls and womenshould be broad, varied, and planned for participants at differinglevels of skill. There should be full awareness of the wide span ofindividual differences so that all types, ages, and skill levels areconsidered in the planning of sports programs. In conductingthe various phases of sports programs, principles must guideactionThese principles should be based on the latest and soundest knowledgeregarding I. Growth and development factors 2. Motor learning 3. Social and individual maturation and adjustment 4. The values of sports participation as recognized in ourculture.

Elementary Schools (grades 1.6) We believe in planned, comprehensive, and balanced programsof physical education for every girl in the elementary program.These OGWS STATEMENT OF BELIEFS 7 should provide experiences inbasic movements for example, skipping and simple dance steps, bending, reaching, and climbing and in a wide variety of activities which require basic sport skills such as catching, throwing, batting, and kicking. We believe that intramural sports experiences in appropriately modified sports activities should supplement an instructional program for girls in grades 4, 5, and 6 and that in most cases these experiences will be sufficiently stimulating and competitive for the highly skilled girl. We believe extramural sports activities, if included in the upper elementary grades, should be limited to occasional play days (sports groups or teams composed of representatives from several schools or units), sports days, and invitational events. Secondary Schools (grades 7.12) We believe that in secondary schools a program of intramural and extramural participation should be arranged to augment a sound and comprehensive instructional program in physical education for all girls. Extramural programs should be organized to supplement broad instructional and intramural programs provided sufficient time, facilities, and personnel are available for these additional programs. Colleges and Universities We believe that college and university instructional programs should go beyond those activities usually included in the high school program. There should be opportunities to explore and develop skills in a variety of activities, with emphasis on individual sports. Itiq desirable that opportunities for extramural experiences beyond the intramural program be accessible to the highly skilled young women who wish these opportunities.

Forms of Competition Intramural competitionissportscompetitioninwhichall partici milts are identified with the same school, community center, club, organization, institution, or industry, or are residents of a design :1ted small neighborhood or community. Extran,a1 competition is.1 plan of sports competition in which participants from two or more schools, community centers, clubs, organizations, institutions, industries, or neighborhoods compete The forms of extramural competition include I. Sports daysschool or sports group participates as a unit 2. Telegraphic meets results are compared by wire or mail 3. Invitational events symposiums, games, or matches to which a school or sports group invites one or more teams or individuals to participate. 4. Interscholastic, intercollegiate, or interagency programsgroups which are trained and coached play a series of scheduled games

8 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE and/or tournaments with like teams from other schools, cities, or organizations. International Competition involves players from different nations and provides sports experiences for individuals or groups with exceptional ability and emotional maturity. This type of competition under some eondit.ons could include secondary school girls, but usually it is planned for more mature participants. Corecreational activitiesaredesigned to give boys and girls opportunities to particq,ate on the sam3 team against a team of like composition, provided the activities do not involve body contact The basis for formation of teams should be to promote good team play. While positive experiences for the excel Tonal girl competitor may occur through participation in boys ofmen's competitive groups, these instances are rare and should be judged acceptable only as an interim procedure for use until girls programs can be initiated.

ADMINISTRATION We believe that certain safeguards should be provided to protect the health and well-being of participantsAdequate health and insurance protection should be secured by the institution. First aid services and emergency medical care should be available during all scheduled interscholastic sports events. Qualified professional leaders should ensure a proper period for conditioning of players, a sate environment including equipment and facilities, a schedule with a limited number of games, and similar measures. We believe that sports officiating should be the responsibility of those who know and use DGWS approved rules. Officials should hold current ratings in those sports in which ratings are given. We believe that the entire financing of girls and women's sports programs should be included inthe total school budget.Itis suggested that income be handled as a regular school income item. We believe that the scheduhrg of sports activities for girls and women should be in accordance with their needs and that their schedule should not be required to conform to a league schedule established for boys and men's sports. We believethatexcellence of achievement should be given recognition and that the intrinsic values which accrue from the pursuit of excellence are of primary importance. We believe that, when awards Lie given, they should be inexpensive tokens of a symbolic type, such as ribbons, letters, and small pins. We believe that expert teaching and quality programs generate their own best public relationsIt is suggested that an effective plan be developed for niterpreting the values of the sports program to parents, teachers in other fields, and interested members of the DGWS STATEMENT OF BELIEFS 9 school or college continuality, including the press. A procedure which has proved successful is to invite key groups to a selection of demonstrations and sports events at different levels, so that they may see effective programs in action.

LEADERSHIP

We believethat good leadershipIsessential to the desirable conduct of the sports program. The qualified leader meets the standards set by the profession, nacluding an understanding of (1) the place and purpose of sports in education, (2) the growth and development of children and youth, (3) the effects of exercise on the human organism, (4)firstaid and accident prevention, (5) understanding of specific skills, and (6) sound teaching methods. Personal experience in organized extramural competition is desirable for the young woman planning to become a leader or teacher of women's sports. The leader should demonstrate personal integrity and a primary concern for the welfare of the participant.

POLICYMAKING And finally, we believe that all leaders, teachers, and coaches of girls and women's sports should be encouraged to lake an active part Inthepolicydecisions which affect planning, organizing, and conducting sports programs for girls and women Leaders should make sure that qualified women are appointed to the governing sports bodies at all levels local, st ate, national, and international to ensure that programs arein the best interest of those who participate.

1^ DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE STANDARDS IN SPORTS FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN Standards in sports activities for girls and women should be based upon the following: I. Sports activities for girls and women should be taught, coached, andofficiatedbyqualified women whenever and wherever possible. 2Programs should provide everygirlwith a wide variety of activities. 3. The results of competition should be judged in terms ofbenefits to the participantsrather than by the vinnin of championships or the athletic or commercial advantage to schools or organizations.

Health and Safety Standards for Players Careful supervision of the health of all players must be provided b y I . An examination by a qualified physician 2. Written permission by a qi alified physician after serious illness or injury 3. Removal ofI ayers wh i they are injured or overfatigued or show signs of .motional i-lability , Pfe,and san.tary environment for sports activity S. Limitations of competition to a geographical area which will permit players to return at reasonable hours; provision of safe transport a tion.

General Policies 1.Select the members of all teams so that they play against those of approximately the same ability and maturity. 2. Arrange the schedule of games and practices so as not to place demands on the team or player which would jeopardize the educational objectives of the comprehensive sports program. 3. Discourage any girl horn practicing with, or playing with, a team for more than one group while competing in that sport during the same sport season. 4. Promote social evt.ts in connection with all forms ccompeti- tion.

STANDARDS IN SPORTS FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN 11 SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND SERVICE The various services are offered by committees. All requests for information of services should be addressed to the chairman of the committee into whose field of work the inquiry falls.Inquiries which cannot be readily classified should be addressed to the DGWS vice-president.

P.UDIGViS' TAICOMMITTEEReviews films,advises onpro- Goction, lrovides lists of up-to-date films available for rental or purchase Chairman. JEAN PUTNAM, Central Washington State College, Ellensburg 98926 ASSOCIATION FOR INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS FOR WOMENSponsors national tournaments and establishes pro- ceduresforregional development nd for sanctioning intercollegiate events. President: CAROLE OGLESBY, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002 (1972-73) President-elect: CAROL GORDON, Washington State Univ., Pullman 99163 DIVISION HISTORIANMaintains file of historical records and publications which are available on loan Hist°, taw HAZEL PETE"ON, Univ. of Idaho, !4oscow 83483 LIAISON Maintains relation....,ps with allied national spoils organizations Chairman: MILDRED BARNES, Central Missouri State Univ., Wharensburg 64093 Chairman-elect NANCY CHAPMAN, Illinois State Univ., Normal 3 I 7 6 I N A:FIONA L INTRAMURAL SPORTS COUNCIL- A joint council of DGWS and DMA to provide leadership to initiate and to improve intramural programs at all educational levels. Chairman: GERALD GREGORY, Highland School, Skokie, 60076 Chairman-elect: CAROLYN IIEWATT, Umv, of Texas Austin 78712 OFFICIATING SERVICES AREA--Tests and rates women officials; directs policies of local boards. Chairman. ELSIF COBB, North Texas State Univ., Denton 76203 (1972-73) Chairman-elect MARY ROI AND GRIFFIN, Winthrop College, Rock MB, S.C. 29730 12 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE PHILOSOPHY AND STANDARDS AREAStates and interprets standards for girls and women's sports. Chairman: LOU JEAN MOYER, Northern Illinois Univ., De Kalb 60115 (1972-74) PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEESolicits, receives, edits, and publishes special publications and produces sports technique charts Chairman: NANCY DAVIS, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, N.Y. 12866 Chairman-elect. BARBARA HOEPNER, Univ. of California, Berkeley 94720 RESEARCH COMMITTEECarries out special studies, advises on research problems, edits DGWS research articles. Chairman MARLENE ADRIAN, Washington State Univ., Pull- man 99163 SPORTS GUIDES AND OFFICIAL RULES COMMITTEERevises and interprets official rules, edits and publishes sports guides and technique charts. Chairman. JANICE PEARCE, Utah State Univ., Logan 84231 Associate chairman. JOANNA DAVENPORT, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana 61801 STATE CHAIRMENEach chairman organizes committees for educational and informational work within her state. See list in current DGWS Basketball Guide. STUDENT SPORTS ORGANIZATIONSOrganizational midpro- gram service to GAA's and WAA's maintained through NGAA Project and CWS.

Publications SPORTS LIBRARY FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN see inside front cover. SPECIAL PUBLICATIONSsee inside back cover.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND SERVICE 13 DGWS EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 1972-73 Vice President. Betty Hartman, Kent State Umv., Kent,Ohio 44240. Vice /'resident elect.Frances Koenig. Central Michigan Univ., Mt. Pleasant 48858 Past VicePresident JoAnne Thorpe, SouthernIllinoisUniv., Carbondale 62901

Area Chairman District and State ServicesDorothy Dobie, Marylhurst College, Marylhurst, Ore. 90036 Central.Janet Nuiman, Washburn Univ ,Topeka. Kans. 66620 (1971-73) Elect.Ina Anderson, Univof Nebraska. Lincoln 68508 (1973-75) Eastern: Ann Venezia, Newark State College, Union,N.J. 07083 (1972-74) Midwest. Genevieve Hutzler, Jackson High School, Jackson,Mich 49501 (1972-74) Noithwest. Dorothy Dobie, Marylhurst College. Mary, iurst,Ore. 97036 (1971-75) SouthernRoberta Boyce Stokes. Miami-Dade Jr. College. South Campus, Miami, Ha. 33156 (1971-73) Southwest. Loye Painter, Logan Junior Iligh School,Logan, UL-1] 64321 (1972-73) LzaisoMildred Barnes, Central Missouri State UnivWarrensburg 64093 (1971-73) Elect. Nancy Chapman, Illinois State Univ., Normal 61761 Officiating Services Elsie Cobb, North Texas StateLimy , Denton 76203 (1972-73) Elect. Mary Roland Griffin, Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S. C. 29730 Philosophy and Standards' Lou Jean Moyer, Northern IllinoisUniv., DeKalb 60115 (1972-74) ResearchMarlene Adrian, Washington State Univ., Pullman 99163 Publications: Nancy Davis, Skidmore College, Saratoga. N.Y.12866 (1971-73) Elect: Barbara lloepner, Univ of (7a11:',,,-11::, Berkeley94720 Audiovisual.Jean Putnam. Central Washington College of Education, Ellensburg 98926 (1969-73) Periodicals; Joan Hutt, Univ of Maryland, College Park 20740 Special Publications. Judy Devine, Kent State Univ.,Kent, Ohio 44240 (1971-73)

14 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Sports Guides and P' .cral Rules' Janice Pearce, Utah State Univ Logan 84321 (Iro-73) Associate ChairmanJoanna Davenport, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana 61801 (1971-72) Associate Chairman-elect. Sue Permce. Indiana State Umv., Terre Haute 47809 Historian: Hazel Peterson, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow 83483 DGWS Consultant' Mary E. Rekstad, AAIIPER, 120116th St., N W., Washington, D.C. 20036 DGWS Program Assistant: Alma Leatherwood, AAIIPER, 1201 16th St., N.W Washington, D.C. 20036 ALI IV Program Assistant' Elizabeth Hoyt, AAIIPER, 1201 16th St., N.W , Washington, D.C. 20036 Liaison Representatives from Other Organizations: Canada, A [(PER, Wornen's A thltic Section: Margaret Walker, McGill Univ., 475 Pine Ave. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada National Association ,nor Physical Education of College Women June Galloway, Univ. of North Carolina, Greensboro 27412

Other DGWS Structures Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women see p. 19 for list of personnel Natrona/Intramural Sports Council Gerald Gregory, Chairman, Highland School, Skokie, III. 60076 Catherine Green, Past Chairman, Univ of Washington, Seattle 98105 Betty Newell, Princeton High School, Princeton, N J 08540 Ronald Hyatt, Secretary, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514 Carolyn Hewatt, Chairmaneleet, Women's gym, Univ. of Texas, Austin 78712

DGWS EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 15 SPORTS GUIDES AND OFFICIAL RULES COMMITTEE 1972-1973

General Chairman Janice Pearce, Utah State Unr., Logan84321 1970-73

Associate Chairman Joanna Davenport, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana 61801 1971-74

Associate ChairmanElect Sue Pernice, Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute 47809 1972-75

Aquatics

Joanna Midlyng, Ball State Univ , Muncie, Ind. 47304 .... 1971-73

Archery Jacqueline Shick, Univ. of Minnesota, MinneapoliN 55455 1972-74

Badminton Doris Henderson, Illinois State Univ., Normal 61761 1972-74

Basketball Nan Nichols, College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691 1971-73 Elect. Norma Bartel, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings 57006 1973-75

Bowling Joyce Curtis, 1758 Lincoln Dr., Abilene, Tex. 79601 1973-75

Fencing Mary Ileinecke, Lawience Appleton, Wis. 54911 1973-75

Field Hockey Fran Rainser, Roanoke College, Salem, Va. 24153 1972-74

16 OGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Flag Football Mary Grace Colby, Univ. of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, Calif. 95053 1972-74 Golf

Andrea Hauge, Rte. 1, Lockhaven, Pa. 17745 . . 1972-74 Gymnastics Lu Wallace. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah 84601 1971-73 Peet: Margit Treiber, Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute 74809 1973-75 Lacrosse Agnes Bixler. Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. 03755 1972-74 Outing Activities Mildred Lemen, Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute 47809 1971-73 Elect: Julia Brown. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison 43706 1973-75

Soccer Dolores Faber, Nassau Community College, Garden City, N.Y. 11533 1972-74 Softball Dorothy Dobie, Maryllitirst College, Marythurt, Ore. 97206 1972-74

Speedball Barbara Lundy, Montrose High School. Montrose, Mich. 48457 1972-74

Squash Marigold Edwards, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, l'a. 15213 1972-74 Tennis Patricia Sherman, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City 52240 1972-74 SPORTS GUIDES & OFFICIAL RULES COMMITTEE 17 Track and Field Donors Thompson, Univ. of Iamb, Honolulu 96822 1972-'1

Volleyball Lynne Higgins, Illinois Stab lt.iiv., Normal 61761 1971-73 Elect: Geri Polvino, liw .,.., Kew c' y Univ., Richmond 404", 1073-75

Winter Sports Joanne Washburn, Washii.gion State Univ., Pullman 99163 1971-73 ElectDora Beth Parsons. Eastern Washington State Colegt., Cheney i'L, 4 . ..1973-75

ADVISORY

Past Chairman Betty Brown, William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. 23185

Officiating Services Area Representative Elsie Cobb, North Texas State Univ., Denton 76203

Consultant Mary E. Rekstad, AAIIPER, 1201 16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036

Staff Editors Constance G. Lacey, Atli:PPR, 1201 16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Louise Sindler, AAIIPER, 1201 16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Merriam Egan, AAIIPER, 120116th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036

18 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE ASSOCIATION FOR INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS FOR WOMEN 1972-1973

Officers President: CAROLE, A. OGLESBY, Umv. of Massachusetts, Amherst 01002 President-elect: CAROL E. GORDON, Washington, State Univ., Pullman 99163 Past President: LUCILLE MAGNUSSON, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park 16802 Coordinator of National Championships: LAURENE MABRY, Illinois State Univ., Normal 61761 Treasurer: DELLA DURANT, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park 16802 Editor: LEOTUS MORRISON, Madison College, Harrisonburg, Va. 22801

Regional Representatives Region 1 MARGARITE ARRIGIII, Univ. of Maryland, College Park 20742 Region 2 JAN WATSON, Appalachian State Umv., Boone, N.C. 28607 (On sabbatical at Univ. of Noah Carolina. Greensboro for academic year 72-73) Region BOBBIE KNOWLES, Palm Beach Junior College, Lake Worth, Fla. 33460 Region 4 SUE GuNTER, Stephen F. Austin StateUniv., Nacogdoches, Texas 7596 I Region 5 LOU JEAN MOYER, Northern Illinois Univ., De Kalb 60115 Region 6 MILDRED BARNES, Central Missouri State College, Wariensburg 64093 Region 7 ELAINE MICHAELIS, Brigham Young Univ , Provo, Utah 84601 Region 8 JACKIE HOYT, California State College, Los Angeles 90032 gem,' 9 EDITH BETTS, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow 83843 "unior College Representative: KAYE MCDONALD, Mesa Com- munity College, Mesa, Ariz. 85202 Program Assistant: ELIZABETH HOYT, AAIIPER, 1201 16th St, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20036

ASSOCIATION FOR INTERCOLLEGIATE PTHLETICS FOR WOMEN 19 SPORTS ADVISORY COMMITTEES FOR NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS

Badminton Chairman: BETTY BROWN, College of William and Mary, Williams- burg, Va. 23185 BARBARA BURRIS, East Stroudsburg State College, E. Strouds- burg, Pa. 18301 MARGARET MILLER, California State Univ., Hayward 94542 JANE HOOKER, Memphis State Univ., Memphis, Tenn 38111

Basketball Chairman' LOU JEAN MOYER, Northern Illinois Univ., De Kali, 60015 JILL HUTCHISON, Illinois State Univ.. Normal 61761 CAROL ECKMAN. Westchester State College, West Chester. Pa. 19380 LUCILLE KYVAL LOS, Queens College, Flushing, N.Y. 11367

Golf Chairman: BARBARA SANFORD, Cape Cod Community College, West Barnstable, Mass. 01668 ELIZABETH MURPHEY, Univ. of Georgia, Athens 3066' KAYE HART, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, 88001 MARY CAVE, Calif. State Univ., San Diego, San DieL if. 92115 ROBERT BONTEMPO, Mt. Holyoke College, South Halley Mass. 01075

Gymnastics Chairman: LU WALLACE, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah 84601 ELIZABETH HANLEY, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park 16802 CHARLES JACOBSON, Grand View College, Des Moines, Iowa 50316

Swimming Chairman: BERTHAIDA FAIRBANKS, 126-6 Green Moor Way, Henrietta, N.Y. 14467 MONA PLUMMER, Arizona State Univ., Tempe 85281 MARY WOLVERTON, Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 EDNA VANDERBECK, Illinois State Univ., Normal 61761 VANG LE PARKER, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow 83843 20 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Track and Field Chairman:NELL JACKSON, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana 61801 PEGGY GAZETTE, Eastern Washington State College, Cheney, Wash. 99004 NANCY LAY, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville 37916 JIM SANTOS, California State Univ., Long Beach 90801

Volleyball: Chairman ROBERTA STOKES, Miami-Dade Junior College, South Campus. Miami, Fla. 33156 MARLENE MAWSON, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence 66044 ANN IIECK, California State Univ., Long Beach 90801 LU WALLACE, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah 84601 ELAINE MICHAELIS, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, Utah 84601

BOWLING 21

v s DGWS BOWLING COMMITTEE' 1971-1973 ETHEL DOCHERTY, Chairman, Western Illinois Univ., Macomb 61455 ALICE STRUZINSKY, Past Chairman, State Univ. College of Arts and Science at Oswego, New York 13126 ANNE ATWATER, Univ. of Ari7ona. Tucson 85721 JEANINE BENNETT, Univ of Oregon, Eugene 97403 JUDITH CLARK, StateUriv. College of Arts and Science at Oswego, New York 13126 JOAN CLEGG, Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881 JOYCE CURTIS, Abilene Christian College, Abilene, Texas79601 ANNE DICKERT, Columbia High School, Columbia, S.C.29202 BONNIE HULBERT, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison 53713 SONJA ROACH, Lewis & Clark high School, Spokane, Wash.99204 Advisory Members BETTY BROWN. Chairman, DGWS Sports Guides andOfficial Rules Committee, Collegeof William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va. 23185 GENEIVE IIINGST, Director, National Intercollegiate PostalTenpin Tournament, Western Illinois Univ., Macomb 61455 DGWS BOWLING COMMITTEE 1973.1975 JOYCE cuRns, Chairman, Abilene Christian College,Abilene, Texas 79601 ETHEL DOCHERTY, PastChairman,WesternIllinoisUniv., Macomb 61455 JEANINE BENNETT, Univ. of Oregon, Eugene 97403 KATHLEEN BLACK, Central State Univ., Edmond, Okla.73034 ANNE !ACKERT, Columbia Iligh School, Columbia, S.029202 SARA HOPE, Indiana Univ., Bloomington 47401 MONA LOPER, Univ. of Texas, El Paso 79999 MARGARET PENNY, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln 68508 CAROLE A. RIOLA, Greece Athena High, 800Long Pond Rd., Rochester, N.Y. 14612 SONJA ROACH, Lewis & Clark High School, Spokane, Wash.99204

Advisory Member GENEIVE IIINGsT, Director, National IntercollegiatePostal Tenpin Tournament, Western Illinois Univ., Macomb 61455 Current Guide material wa% prepared by the 1971.73Committee. material for 1974-76 Guide be prepared by the 1973.75 Committee. 22 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Bowling and the Individual

JOYCE M. CURTIS Joyce M. Curtis is an associate professor at Abilene Christian College, Abilene, Texas, where she instructs both girls and coeducational classes in beginning and intermediate bowling. S'he obtained the B.S and M.S. degrees from North Texas State University, Denton, and the P.E.D. degree from Indiana University, Bloomington. Bowling is advertised as being one of the lifetime sport activities that can be learned in today's physical education curriculum. Our emphasis has been that the student will be able to participate in the activityformanyyearsafter graduationHowever,physical educators must realize that there is more to our discipline than just physical skills to be taught to students. Kenyon has developed a conceptual model for characterizing physicalactivityas a sociopsychologicalphenomenon.'Ile postulatedthatdifferentclassesofphysicalactivitiesprovide different sources of satisfaction for specific individuals. Physical activity is thought to be divisible into six subdoniains: (I) as a so,ial experience, (2) for health and fitness, (3) as the pursuit of vertigo, (4) as an aesthetic experience. (5) as catharsis, and (6) as an ascetic experience. This discussion concerns the probability that individuals can perceive the same activity in different ways. Does bowling elicit differentresponses fromthe peopleparticipatinginthe same physical activity?

Bowling as a Social Experience Thisisprobablythe most common rationalefor including bowling in the physical education curriculum. Bowling can provide a medium for social intercourse, making new friends, or continuing existing relationships. The provision of coeducational bowling classes provides an opportunity for needed heterosexual experiences for many students. Through the efforts of bowling lane proprietors and the National Bowling Council, bowling has become a family sport and the bowling establishment is no longer thought to be a place of ill repute. Most college student unions have bowling lanes which are one of the major recreational facilities on campus.

' John W. Loy. Jr.and Gerald S.Kenyon, Sport. Culture, tind Society (London, England: Macmillan Co., 1969), pp. 71-81.

BOWLING AND THE INDIVIDUAL 23 Bowling for Health and Fitness An activity's contribution to one's health and fitness is a major criterion for adding itto the physical education curriculum The rationale for including bowling under this criterion is probably questionable. Careful consideration must be given to the specific fitness objectives that bowling is supposed to meet for specific students. However. are *here not other objectives to be met by the physical education program?

Bowling as the Pursuit of Vertigo Vertigo is considered to be pursued by the individual through the mediums of speed, acceleration, sudden change of directio'i, or exposure to dangerous situations while the participant remains in control Bowling generally would not be thought to be related to the pursuitofvertigo.However, upon recalling various individual performances, some participants may be inpursuit of vertigo through an extremely fast approach, an extremely long slide on the fourth step, or the absence of a slide with the quick stop and release on the fourth step.

Bowling as an Aesthetic Experience The factor here to be noted is that physical activity is often thought to have aesthetic value for the participant. It is also thought topossessbeauty or certain artistic qualities by the observer. Bowling may bepleasingtotheeye of an individual who understands the mechanics and execution of a skilled performance. The grace and coordination with which an expert bowler moves to the foul line may be just as inspiring to one individual as the movement of a modern dancer is to another observer.

Bowling as Catharsis Bowling is perceived by many as a means of releasing tension developedbyfrustrationintoday's business world or home situation. Throwing, not rolling, the ball at the pins and banging them about could be a means of expressing hostility and aggression in a socially acceptable manner. The important factor is that the individual may experience through bowling a reduction of tension created by the pressures of his society.

Bowling as an Ascetic Experience Thelong,strenuous,andsometimespainfultrainingand consuming competitive nature of some activities provide a type of ascetic experience for the committed participant. Bowling probably 24 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE does not proviiie any type of ascetic experience forthe average performer: however,an individual who desires to be may perceive his hours of practice a top performer ascetic sense. and dedication to thegame in an Jo Ann Houtsencourages physical educators to importance of the performer's recognize the his environment feeling and perception ofhimself and as he is experiencing sport.2 Shefeels that we should thoroughly analyze"how it reallyfeels to experience She further states that it is sport." feeling that makes the sportexperience have meaning for the participant.The peak experience highest happiness or or moment of sense of fulfillment in the sportexperience is an end in itself, and its worthis felt intensely by the though he may find difficulty performer, even experienced. in expressing verbally what he hasjust These peak experiencesmay be felt by the average bowler various occasions, such as converting on the 6-7,6-7-10, 4-6-7-10splits, striking out to win thegame, or bowling a high score game. or a perfect Fortheskilled performer, thereis scif-testing and the refined thesatisfaction of discipline of body and mindrequired to respond consistently withthe perfect taming andprecise accuracy needed to roll the ballto a specific board 60 feet resounding strike. away for a As physical educators,we must realize that there is activities than just physical more to our of rules and history. skill development andsome knowledge

' In Ann flouts, "Feeling and Perception in the SportExperience." Journal of Health, Physical Education, andRecreation 41 (Oct, 1970), 71-72. BOWLING AND THE INDIVIDUAL 25 Teaching BowlingSkills to the Handicapped

CLARE ALBOM

of health and physicaleducation for Clare Alban is supervisor She the Town of VernonSchools, Rockville, Connecticut. degree from ArnoldCollege, Milford, receivedtheB.S. the Connecticut and completedthe M A. and sixth year at Hartford.Shehasworked Universityof Connecticut, and physically extensively with mentally trainable handicapped children at allschool levels. learn Trainable mentally andphysically handicapped persons can required in bowling. They canlearn to roll and the basic concepts specified object or objects.Depending upon direct a ball toward a techniques and theabilityof the,dividual, several teaching the teacher. methods may be utilized by education is a good teaching Problem-solving through movementof capabilities by boththe technique.It allows quick discovery teacher and the student. The movement educationapproach provides opportunity: the part of the student 1. for instant success on capabilities of one's 2to develop an awarenessof °nese!' and the body required in 3. to develop body movementswhich relate to those bowling 4. to develop the balancerequired by the sport perhaps the most importantmotivation for 5. for fun,. which is lie can perform t!,e handicapped individualwhen he finds immediately and successfullyaccording to his ability. required for the individual: The following movements are movements of 1. rhythmic activitieswhich include the basic walking, running, sliding, andskipping such as bending, reaching,stretching, 2. simple balance exercises reaching as and combinations ofbending and stretching, and far forward as one can tossing, catching, androlling. 3. ball handling skills of body's capabilities, To develop an awarenessof himself and his prescribedactivitiesbased on thestudentisguidedthrough the suggestions and problem-solvingmethods. The teacher asks individual: 1. Can you move in a spacewithout bumping anyone? 2. Can you make yourbody wide, small, tall, etc.') DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE 26 3. Can you bend and reach forward without falling? How far can you reach? 4. Can you move your arms forward and backward? How far forward can they go? How far backward can they go? 5. Can you walk and move your arms sideways, forward, and backward? Other basic movements that relate to bowling suggest additional questions: 1. Can you roll a ball? 2. Can you roll the ball forward? 3. Can you roll the ball to a partner? 4, Can you roll the ball between objects? 5. Can you roll the ball to a specific object? This approach is simple, yet effective because the attention span of the handicapped child may be short. There is participation in many activities which do not require rote learning. There is no pressure to perform something that cannot be done. The space requiredfortheactivitiesisminimal: an all-purpose room,. a classroom with moveable furniture,. a large corridor, and an outdoor play area areall suitable for movement activities that relate to bowling. Individual abilities can be observed to determine whether or not the student will be able to participate at a bowling center. Games similar to bowling which are created by the teacher are excellent since they can be geared to the needs of the individual. A few problem-solving games are. I. Have the individual roll aball and attempt to hit a large, colorful object. 2. Place two large road markers, cones, or wastebaskets about a foot apart. Participants may line up behind a line 6 feet from the objects. A rubber game ball, tennis ball, or softball may be used. The student is asked, "Can you roll the ball between the objects?" If he is successful, move the starting line back to 8 or 10 feet. The gan.e can be made more interesting by placing a plastic bowling pinorsimilar itembetweentheobjects.The individual will see if he can roll the ball in a streight line between objects and stro:o the pin. Theteacherhasther,portunityto makethefollowing observ.tions about the studekt s activities: I. is he stepping forward? If so, onto which foot? 2. Is he bending and reaching forward to release and roll the ball? 3. Does he demonstrate hand-eye coordination? 4. Is he enjoying the game? Through such games participants are experiencing the pendulum swing, balance, hand -'ye coordination, some of the footwork, and TEACHING BOWLING SKILLS TO THE HANOICAPPEO 27 the follow-through used inbowling. The skills can be taught to young children who enjoy gamesof this nature Since the object of bowling is to hit as manypins as possible with one or two rolls of thebowling ball,, are steps necessary?If a handicapped person who is unable to walk cansit in a chair or stand at the foul line and roll thebowling ball at the pins, it can be concluded that whatever he is able todo and enjoy should be the objective. If the individual feels he canmake an approach, he should be encouraged to try. Those associatedwith the aandicapped know that some cannot learn the four-stepappro ch because of the footwork and armswing coordinationsrequired. The degree of handicap should determine whether ornot a step or steps can be taken. Many persons of a higher levelof ability have little difficulty learning a three- or four-step approach,while others at a lower ability level may be able to accomplish onestep or none at ali. The bowler must learn to hold thebowling ball. A gymnasium bowling ball (plastic equipment) hasbored holes for thumb, middle, and ring fingers. There is a simpletechnique to teach the grip: ask the bowler to compare his hand to arabbit the forefinger and little finger are the ears, and thethumb, middle, and ring fingers are the rabbit's teeth. Those fingerswhich represent the teeth are placed into the bowling ball. Suggest that thebowler hold the ball with the thumb hole, which is larger than theothers, closest to his body. To roll the ball, a problem-solvingapproach can be used. Simply ask the individual, "Can "ou rollthe ball across the room9" The teacher instead may der. iistratethe skill and ask the bowler to iepeat what has been don, I heteacher can observe: 1. how the ball is rein d 2. whether or not then is a stepforward for balance 3. the distance the 1r i.,111 roll (strength necessary to n ovethe ball a specified di- .nce) 4. whether or not the individual canrelease the ball at all 5. whether or not ; nroper fingers are placedin the ball 6. whether or not ti..Jail is moving in a straight line. Use of the problem-solving method,followed by a demonstration by the teacher, will serve as a meansof reinforcement toward those goals the teacher hopes the student canachieve. Those who can perform the bowlingskills in the classroom or gymnasium will find thetransition to the bowling lanesdifficult at first because of the confines of theindividual lanes. The success of hitting the pins, even only one, will encouragecontinuation and there will be improvement. Instructors on the lanes can assist thebowler in the pendulum swing and release by holding thewrist for support since the bail is heavier than the gym ball. Bowlingproprietors can be of assistance by providing lightweight bowlingballs for those who lack strength. DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE 28 The classroom teacher, physical educator, and lane instructors shouldbefamiliarwithno-step,one-step,andseveral-step approaches. In each, the foot opposite the hand with the ball should be placed forward for balance. Balance is often difficult forthe handicapped person who isunable to walk or who is poorly coordinated. He may elect to perform onlya pendulum swing and release of the ball. He should not be forced to attempt anything further that may discourage or confuse him. Since thetwo rhythmic coordinations involved are the armswing and the footworkpatterns, the more rhythmically developed person is, the more likely he is to be able to perform the skills. Rhythmic countsor cues, such as asking the student to reach out with the ball,or out, down, back, andswingforwardforthependulumswing,provideeasy understanding and response. The cue words must be repeatedseveral times until meaningful associations are made, and the bowler derstands what must be done to perform successfully. Itisadvisablethat a classroom teacher, physical educator, recreation director, orthe, person responsible for the program instructs the students in the essential bowlirg courtesies. In their eagerness, students may forget to consider the bowler on the next lane. For those not familiar with gymnasium bowling, plastic bowling equipment is available from bowling equipment manufacturersand may be ordered through bowling centers. Plastic bowling balls of approximately five pounds and large plastic pins resembleregular equipment. Included in the sets are plastic templates whichcan be used to mark lanes in a gymnasium. Areason the templates are indicated for the pin deck, arrows for spot bowling, andapproach dots. A corridor, gymnasium, all-purpose room,, and otherareas can be converted to a bowling area that closely resemblesan actual lane. Plastic bottles and milk cartons painted a variety of colorsmake interesting bowling pins. It is fun to roll atseverof these objects grouped together to resemble a bowling pin deck. Many handicapped persons can learn toscore. Score sheets may be obtained at a bowling center to aid in teaching scoring.An overhead projector is a valuable aid when teaching scoringto groups. Bowling skills should fast be taught in the classroom,gymnasium, or recreation center where all the children have an opportunity to learn the basic bowling skills through simple skill progressionsand games. As the bowler's ability develops, the transition to gymnasium bowling should follow, and, finally, the ultimate goal the bowling center for all those who have the capability to enjoythe activity. Competition and tournaments for themore skillful always create interest and increase motivation. The success of the program is indicated by the smileof a bowler when the ball strikes the pins!

TEACHING BOWLING SKILLS TO THE HANDICAPPED 29 Behavioral Objectives

ESTELLE FOTSCH Estelle Fotsch received a B.S. des.'e from the University of Missouri, Columbia, and an M.S. degree fromWashington University, St. Louis, Missouri. She .5 lecturerat the University of Wisconsin, Madison, coordniatoi of bowling,and a Ph.D. candidate in physical education vpeciciaiw^ inthe area of curriculum.

What are behavioral objectives? Why dowe need them in teaching bowling? Behavioral objectives are onway m which an instructor can express what she wishes the student to acconrAish withina time limit in an activity. These objectivesmay be stated in such a way that the individual's performancemay be measurea against a set of criteria either by the instructor or by the student. Thecriteria may suggest minimal standards for each level of performance. Many howling teachers operate successfully withoutstating their objectives hohaviorally, however, it seems advantageousto provide specific benavioral goals by which the studentmay make a more precise, individual self-evaluation. The objectivesshould apply not only to the actual level of psychomotor skill,but also to the cognit .e realm of the activity. Whynot let your students know what you want them to accomplish? The following chart is an attempt to classifybehavioral objectives for two levels of proficiency in bowling. It is usedat the University of Wisconsin, Madison Campus (All specificinstructions in the chart apply to right-hander bowlers.)

DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE four-retentionperceptionConcepts 1)or Kinestheticfive-step of the and ThefourfortoExperiencesLearning instructor the a orcorrect student five steps:will approach the present (a)technique mo- of Thefive-steptoProficiencyIntermediate studentdemonstrate approach will be a four-orable SameProficiencyAdvanced approach releaseballarrnswingstepdriftmentum is isso released, performed shouldthat forward increases the be (b)last executed withas a sliding withoutsmooththe the foottheforming(c)justwiththe atfoul beyondpointed thestuaent the line,a endline trunk the toward toes willofparallel foul theand ofbe approachleading theline;inshoulders with balance pin ternunderhand2) (Time) Speed pat-of an studentThetask.cally,area. instructor perceive andadequate produce will kinestheti- speed help mechani- thefor the deliveryThefirstapproachto studentperform set using of willindicated learning an the beunderhand proper able experi-in the Same than2,8alineballences time seconds travelsto2,2 (#1 thelima seconds. above)head from andnot pin notmorethe so within lessfoulthat than the NCJ Concepts ExperiencesLearning ProficiencyIntermediate ProficiencyAdvanced release3) Accuracy and aim of severalThepoint instructor methods out advantages will of presentaim andof each. strateThefromsoreleaserange student that the her finder totalabilityand individual will point deviationsfor demon-to point useof setaim of of exceedDeviations 1.0 boards not to first4) Accuracy ball-pin of Theball student, (first ball on eachrolled strike in each Theboardspointsfirst student1.0). will ball(dots, notaverage will .50; exceed obtain darts, of not1.5 a ofFirst 8.0. ball average contact5) Accuracy of Thetypescontactframe), instructor of willat spares the makewill 1-3 and present i,<: instruct . et. AI Thelessproduceangleto than student1-3deliver for pocket6 5a a willthesecondby strike. beingat ballbe a able properballto able the per-to cent*Second of ball 60 orper- second6)contact Cumulative ball-pin Perfectthe student score in ismaking the ultimate spares. Theoflaneattemptingcent* each studentwith of frame. 60 the toorwill second clear better score the ballin in Themore. student in Secondscore ball pLrce.mt numbergoal. of pins down on second ball 100 first ball total three125 games or more. an average of more.averagethree games 150 willor Learning Intermediate Advanced evaluation,criteriabasic7)Concepts Knowledge principles, for self- of beandpresentedMethods Experiencesgiven ample offor by opportunity scoring students the instructor will to willbeapply questionsGivenrectlytheProficiency studenta departmental84 Other percent will evaluative answer of test, the cor- questions.The90answerProficiency student percent correctly Other will of the etc.quences,terminology, scoring, se- studentsstruction,knowledgereadingsmendedthem. Inmay a and suggestedadditiontext haveof supplemental isthe recom-adequate skill.to so class that in- throughoutmeasures may the be course. made course.takenmeasures during may the be Beginner BowlingMade Easy JEANINE BENNETT University of Oregon, Eugene.She Jeannie Bennett is at the of received the B.A. and M.S.degrees from the University Washington, Seattle, and is presentlyworking on the Ph.D. degree at the University of Oregon,Eugene. She is instructor and works with juniorbowling of the women's bowling classes from programs and adultinstruction; instructor certifications the American Jul or BowlingCongress, the AmericanMachine and Foundry Company, and theBrunswick Corporation; and intercollegiate competition and leagueplay. has manyvariablestoconsiderin The bowlingteacher develop determining which concepts toinclude in her program to should eliminate unnecessaryand beginner delivery form. She of time-consuming skills so that she canprovide earliest development of concepts to be remembered. accuracy with a minimum accepted by The hook ball delivery withspot aim is generally delivery. Studies of collegeand high school experts as the superior this technique is as effective asother beginner bowlers indicate that technique and getting studentsto methods. Teaching the hook-spot into understand the concepts are easywhen all stroking is organized two address positionsand three aim three distinct groups with only the strike and final target points. Thefirst stroking group includes the center of the pindeck. The second ball and the spare leaves in The third stroking group concerns theleft side-of-the-lane spares. side-of-the-lane spares. group is the right delivery For all three stroking groups,the preferred tight hook of ball release, the thumb isin the 10:00 to may be used. At point the fingers are at the4:00 and 5:00 11:00 o'clock position and swing and footwork patterns are o'clock positions. The same arm student are used for all three groups.Techniques for the left-handed identical but performed from theopposite side of the lane. position for the firststroking group the In the address or stance of the group of feet straddle, or the leftfoot is on, the center dot line on the approach. Thereason for the dots 12 feet from the foul release occur centered position is to havethe arm swing and ball the second arrow fromthe right channel. above the board containing aim point, and It is generally acceptedthat the second arrow is the painted c;rcle upon which thefive pin sits) is the five pin spot (the ball must roll for thestrike. For the the target over which thethe same function for the spareleaves beginner, this spot may serve 5, and 8 pins, and their in the centerof the pin deck (1, 3, combinations). (See Figures 1and 4.) DGWS BOWLING-FENCINGGUIDE 34 The address position for the second stroking group is identical to that of the first group. The four pin spot is the target over which the ball must roll for the left side-of-the-lane spares (2, 4, and 7 Ors, and their combinations). The only adjustment inthe delivery technique involves aiming and stroking approximately five boards to the left of the arrow used for the strike ball the ball is released above the third arrow from the right channel (See Figure 2.) The change in arm swing pattern is so slight that it can occur naturally as the bowler sights the aim point. As noted by Broer in Efficiency of Human Movement, a slight change in the release point may create a considerable change in direction of ball roll as it moves toward the pin deck) Thus, a greater cross-lane trajectory will allow the ball to roll toward the four pin spot. When correctly rolled, the ball hitting the four pin spot squarely must also roll over the two and seven pin spots on its path to the pit. i I0 001 0 0 010 0 0 01oito oloo T 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0

I , fLp lig 0 0

It it 4_____ ti Figure 1. Strike and t.enterof-the iane spare angle. Figure 2. Left sideof-the-lane spare angle. Figure 3.Right side-ofthelane spare angle. Figure 4. Adjustment in aim point to cover ufly 8 p.: spot Figure 5. Adjustment in aim point to cover 'ugly. pin spot.

1 MarionR. Broer,Efficiency of Human Movement(Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1966).

BEGINNING BOWLING MADE EASY 35 For the third stroking group the only change in address position involves moving to the far left of the approach in order to aim properly for the right side-of-the-lane spares. The six pin spot may be considered the target over which the ball must roll for thisgroup (3, 6, 9, and 10 pins, and their combinations). For the left-handed bowler, the left side spares require a move to the far right of the approach, and the painted circle upon which the four pin sits is the target. It should be noted that this change in stance retains the cross-lane theory and demands the use of the same approach, footwork, arm swing, and ball release patterns previously learned. Accuracy isincreased when emphasis is placed on a straight approach to the foul line. The center arrow, or an area near that arrow, is the aim point. (See Figures 3 and 5.) This aim point should remain flexible to accommodate the form unique to the individual. The bowler's fear of the channel may makean otherwise correct delivery become erratic when spares near the right side of the lane are attempted. For those consistently channeling the ball, the aim point may briefly be shifted to the left of the center arrow. As the bowler realizes that the ball will stay on the lane, the aim point and follow-through can be eased toward the right until the spot is squarely hit. Emphasis is directed to a full, smooth follow-through toward the aim point and the final target. Time for accuracy development and individual help is greatly increased when ideas are kept simple two address positions and three aim points with their corresponding final targets. The student readily understands how to deliver the ball for each of thevarious (1,024) pin combinations This method leads naturally and easilyto playing tolane conditions andtorefinementof strike and spareshooting skills. The whole, as opposed to the part, method of instruction may be used to briefly introduce the approach, timing, and release priorto presentation of the above concepts. It is desirable to use pins during practice as much as possible, however, during initial delivery skill development many students feel an urgency to hit pinsin any fashion. This sense of urgency may be eliminated by usingan instamatic mechanism or removing the pins from those machines without the mechanism. A dummy pin hanging from the four, five, or six pincell provides atargetover each key pin spot and immediate feedback of delivery accuracy. The point of aim is easily emphasized and enlarged by a five-inch strip of bright gym marking tape placed across that arrow or lane dart. The student may enjoy early self-testing by keeping a record of his successes in rolling the ball on or near the aim point and in hitting the target. Through skillful guidance, most students soon realize that one can make small

36 OGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE adjustments in aim point to get slight variations in trajectory, such as slightly changing the point of aim to squarely hit the number eight pin instead of the number four or number five pins. Where a concourse is available, one can prepare a pin deck with regular pins. An "airplane view" of how the ball moves into the pins and how the pins and ball react in any given set-up is provided as the instructor manipulates the ball into the pins. This is an excellent device to demonstrate that the same delivery can be used for many similar split and spare leaves, such as the 2-7 and the 2-4-7. The instructor must decide whether scoring too early in accuracy development adds a degree of tension or competition that can destroy the acquired mental and physical discipline desired for continued skillful stroking. With or without scoring, strike and spareshooting practice is fun when a period or two is provided for a versionof Scotch Doubles, a partnership game. For classroom purposes any number per lane may play. The first person rolls at a first ball set-up after which the next person attempts to pick up the pins remaining for the spare. This cycle is repeated with all students at that lane until a line is completed. Scoring may be used, or the instructor may set a time limit. Scoring instruction should be concise. To enhance understanding, every student can complete a take-home scoring assignment. This assignment immediatelyidentifiesindividualscoringproblems. Bowling pamphlets, available at all bowling establishments, provide a scoring reference. While accuracy develops, itis not too early to teach or to expect the beginner to use recognized league methods and courtesies. During the latter half of the unit, a record of team wins and losses, which can be prepared by a student assistant, becomes a strong motivator to practice for the accuracy needed to achieve high scores.

BEGINNING BOWLING MADE EASY 37 Bowling Timing and Form

LOU BELLISIMO Lou Bellisimo, author of the popular Bowler's Manual,' has been at the University of Oregon as a senior instructor of physical education for 22 years. He has scored 300 in six games and is a member of the Amencan Machine and Foundry Company (AMF) Staff of Champions. A member of the National Bowling Council, lieis recognized as one of the nation's top bowling instructors and coaches He is a 12-year member, and pastWesternDirector, of the Professional Bowlers' Association. Bowling is an easy sport to learn, and it is easy to teach because It is basically two simple nzovenzents which nearly everyone can do. The first movement is the swing of the ball (pendulum swing) and the second is the necessary steps to fit the swing. Of course, to become really proficient and master the sport is something else. The ball is rolled 60 feet down the lane in an attempt to hit an area approximately one inch wide Just one inch, one beard, is the width of the pocket area that will nearly always produce a strike. The ability to hit that one-Inch pocket ,:.onsistently separates the pros from the rest, yet whatever your age or bowling ambitions, all who participate can enjoy the game.

Three Simple Methods Bowling is easy to teach when using my methods because I have broken down the instruction process to three simple methods. These arc: the trial swing, the dry run, and the one-step delivery First is the trial swing, as Illustrated in Figure 1. Two things are vital to understanding the trial swing: (1) the feet are never moved, and (2) the ball is never rolled. The feet are stationary while the arm makes a complete out, down, back, and forward motion. Warning. Beginners, especially, should not take a trial swing anywhere but on the approach facing the pills because the ball might slip. Second is the dry run, as illustrated in Figure 2. The dry run is simply the complete approach from the stance position to the delivery without using the ball. Like the trial swing, It is invaluable for correcting various faults. Third is the one-step delivery, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 This maneuver is,in essence,' the last step of the approach. To execute the one-step delivery, the bowler walks up to within four

Lou Bellisimo, Bowler's Manual (New York: Prentice I lall,I 969). 38 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE feet of the foul line, swings the ball out, down, and backto the top of the backswing As the ball starts forward from thetop of the backswing, the bowler takes one step forward with the left foot (right-handed bowler) and delivers the ball. There they are three simple methods that can be used to correct just about any bowling fault. The bowlermay become more kinesthetically aware of the correct delivery form by taking the one-step approach and delivering the ball than by taking the full approach. It is much easier to take the trial swing froma stationary position than it is to swing the ball ina pendulum manner while taking steps. It may be easier in the early learning stagesto develop good timing and delivery form by making the approach withoutthe ball.

, - Figure 1. Figure 2. Trial swing. Dry run.

Figures 3 and 4. Onestep delivery. BOWLING TIMING AND FORM 39 Timing, Delivery Form, and the Ball C, bowling fcrm can be broken down into the following perceivages: 80 percent timing, 15 percent delivery form, and 5 percent ball handling. Proper instruction in basic fundamentals makes it much easier to incorporate these percentages into a good bowling technique. In our position as instructors of college and secondary school bowlers, we should place smooth timing and good delivery form above scoring during the learning phase. After all, the ones we teach will be bowling for 50 or 60 years, so teach them the correct way and it will benefit them in the long run. Timing will be analyzed first, since it is the most important. Timing is the coordination of the feet with the swing of the ball. The ball must swing freely and easily, like the pendulum of a clock, with no hitch or forcir j at any point in the swing. Good timing is the most delicate part of bowling, and certainly a matter of finesse even for the pro. The pro knows that he needs precision timing to consistently reach the pocket. To summarize briefly, the ball must be released beyond the foul lire naturally, without forcing, as shown by the bowler in Figures 5, 6, and 7.

Figure 5. Figure 6. Timing. The number of steps taken is immaterial; however, you will find that four or five steps generally will be adequate. Notice that the ball ant: the front foot arrive at the release point simultaneously. Perfect timing, a perfect "stroke" as it is referred to by the pros, continues all the way to a smooth follow-through. Compare the preceding photographs with the bowler in Figures 8 and 9. This bowler is ahead of the ball; that is, the ;it or slide foot arrived at the foul line while the ball (arm swing) was still near the top of the backswing and just starting the forward thrust. The steps 40 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE obviously were too fast for the arm swing. Figure 9 clearly shows the results of the error. The bowler had to force the forward swing in trying to catch up, thereby causing him to drop the ball.

Figure 8. Figure 9. Ahead of the ball. Delivery form, and the position of the body at the foul line as the ball is delivered, can be considered to be 15 percent of good bowling technique. Delivery styles are affected by many factors: the bowler's size and strength, his natural coordination, the speed of his swing, and the length of his steps. Nevertheless, every student can develop good delivery form by remembering these three fundamentals: (1) face straight ahead as you deliver the ball and follow through, (2) maintain your balance as you complete the slide and delivery at the foul line, and (3) swing your arm in a straight pendulum motion and follow through directly to your target. No attempt is being made to stereotype form. Any style is acceptable if it incorporates these three parts. As long as the bowler can deliver the ball, then "pose" :viomentarily,thechan .tsofbeingconsistentareenhanced considerably. Figures 10 and 11 illustrate perfect delivery styles. Each exhibits thethree fundamentals perfectly. Bear in mind that the right shoulder is the pivot point for the pendulum swing and that the arm must be able to swing in a straightline over the intended path of the ball. This becomes more difficult when the shoulders are not parallel to the foul line. The most important single feature of a good delivery is that the left knee is bent and the left leg supports almost all the body weight. A bowler's delivery form is good if he can look straight down over his front knee and see his toes pointing straight ahead.

BOWLING TIMING AND FORM 41 Figure 11. Figure 10. Delivery. Form pocket, a bowie, tolls theball 60 When shooting for the strike no wider than one feet down thlane and expects to hit an area then, the bowler who is able toplace the ball on the inch. Obvioust foul line every time willhave a much better same bo;...d at the the two chance of being consistent.For example, let us analyze and 13. Both bowlers roll a"track ball" styles shown in Figures 12 breaks into the (a ball that rolls straightdown the 1001 board then is the second arrow,which is on the 10th p,,cket). Their target the ball over this board. Therefore, theyconcentrate on rolling watch the foul line target.In a sense, they target. They do not to help them place theball on the depend on instinct and practice the good 10th board. Obviously, then,the bowler in Figure 13 with better chance of accomplishingthis straight-ahead style has a much the turning style. major objective thanthe bowler in Figure 12 using

Figure 13. Figure 12. Good straight ahead style Poor delivery style Turns at the line, DGWS BOWLINGFENCINGGUIDE I suppose the spot at the foul line could be compared with the rear sight of a gun. You would not be a very accurate shot if the rear sight moved to Op left or right, would you? Yet, this is wha. the bowler does when he twists and turns at the foul line like the bowler shown in Figure 12. There are far too many who bowl like this. Theyititply vary too much when they turn and cannot possibly be ac,dr:,h.: and consistent. Always remember that one-inch pocket at the other end. The last 5 percent of good bowling technique is ball handling, or the merits of one good ball roll over another. All top bowlers roll a hook ball. Why's Because it will get more strikes. Figures 14 and 15 show the normal strike pattern. Notice that the ball hit the 17th board, slightly to the right of the center of the head pin If the ball is

10 T 4 3 6 2 I

..-Y, Figure 14.

9 5

WIA Figure 15. A solid Strike. BOWLING TIMING AND FORM 43 to be effective, contact with the head pin must deflect it as little as possible.Regardless of the angle from which it comes into the pocket, the ball must hit on the 17th board and then continue straight back without deflection. If it does not there will likely be a number 10 pin leavo. A deflection of a mere 1/2-inch after contact with the head pin will cause the ball to more fully hit the 3 pin, which will, in turn, cause the 6 pin to fall in front of,. and around, the 10 pin. Compare Figures 14 and 15, which show a solid strike, with the 10 pin tap shown in Figures 16 and 17. The same bowler hit on the 17th board, only this time she did something different and the bail deflected approximately 1/2-inch after it made contact with the head pin. However, a solid hit like this will produce a strike most of the time.

to 7- 4 3 6

Figure 16.

Figure 17. A 10 pin tap. 44 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE The ball must be driving to the left and Into the pocket when It hits the pins Applying a spin orliftto the ball as it is released causes it to curveinto the pins,this is called "digging and driving," and accounts for the "bigger pocket" by the stronger rolling hook ball as it drives from right to left.

Rolling the Hook Ball Figures 18 and 19 show the perfect hand and wrist position for rolling the hook, The wrist is rigid, not "b.oken," and the fingers are "closed" to apply the vertical lift for the hook spin. As the ball slides off the thumb, the fingers lift counterclockwise to impart the hook spin, or lift, to the ball.

----- Imiiiessmniariritoommiritm Figure 18.

f-44.444,t4...W.gicalitinante Figure 19. Tho hook lift. BOWLING TIMING AND FORM 45 Notice that the thumb points to approximately the 10:30 o'clock position. This places the fingers between the 4:00 and 5:00 o'clock positions. Many beginners, especially women, roll astraightball. The straight ball is released with the thumb pointing to approximately the 11:30 o'clock position. This places the hand behind the ball so that it rolls straight down the lane like a wheel. The bowler who rolls a straight ball must be certain to keep the thumb and fingers in this position the instant the ball is released. It is easy for the thumb to slip beyond the 12.00 o'clock position and cause the undesirable back-up ball. For the woman whose ball is simply too slow, the straight ball is fine for a starter. However, it should be rolled from the corner of the lane. Take advantage of the angle at which the ball reaches the pocket to combat the excessive deflection.

46 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE The Role of Feedback in Bowling

ANNE ROTHSTEIN Anne Rothstein, an assistant professor at Herbert II. Lehman College, Bronx, N. Y., received her ALA. and Ed.D degrees at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City. She conducts research in motor learning and isthe editor of Bridging the Gap, a newsletter in which research is applied to theteaching of physical education. Some of her current research interests are related to the teaching and learning of bowling. It has been established that practice alone is not sufficient to produce learning. The performer must be aware of the results of the practice. There are two elements in every performance: the process, i.e., how the performer does the action, which is commonly called form, and the product which isthe result of the performer's attempt. In bowling, the process is everything the bowler does from the initial stance to the completion of the follow-through. The product is the number of pins knocked down. The performer usually receives feedback on every trial because she sees the pins fall. The more pins knocked down, the more successful the process, or so the student infers. As every teacher knows, this is not always the case, itin terms of success, the pinfall is often a powerful reinforcer. fhe learner will tend to repeat those actions which have led to success even though they may not be the most effective in terms of future success. How can the teacher focus attention on achieving success in the process rather than on the product? How can feedback be utilized to help the student achieve consistency in the process, and, therefore, greater success in the product? Several techniques to focus attention on the process and to provide process feedback are available. These vary in cost, ease of use, and effectiveness Some may not have been used to any great extent in bowling, however, their use ni,' lead to greater success for the studentTwo commonly used nn les of communication are verbalan,'visual.The verbaltechniques can includeteacher comments, feedback from a simple checklist which indicates gross errors, or a detailed checklist which indicates the finer points of performance. Visual methods include observing a demonstration of correct and incorrect movements; noting correct and incorrect techniques used by others, and viewing photographs, single frame polaroid pictures, multiframe polaroid pictures, strobe photography, movies, and videotape.

THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN BOWLING 47 Verbal Feedback Techniques The best time for providing verbal feedback may be during a period of shadow bowling. Shadow bowling allows practice without pins,which eliminatesthedistractionofthe feedback from observing pinfall and may aid the student to focus on the process. Ina complex activity such as bowling, the use of the terms right-wrong or correct-incorrect have limited value unless applied to a specific portion of the stance, approach, release, or follow-through. Such information should describe what is wrong and how to make corrections. A simple checklist for use with beginning bowlers can focus on the gross motor behaviors. It should be structured so that completion can be by the teacher, performer, or another student. The initial part of the checklist related to stance may include the following key questions. Is the ball waist high? Chin high or chest high may be usedif preferred. Am I relaxed? Are both hands supporting the ball? Are my elbows close to my side? Are both feet firmly on the floor? Is my weight on the left (right) foot? Questions may be prepared in more detail to deal with the finer points for more advanced levels of performance. The checklist enables students to focus on one error at a time and to refer to the list at any time. Structured from the learner's viewpoint,. the checklist may be used in combination with the visual methods discussed below.

Visual Feedback Techniques A simple type of visual feedback is demonstration of errors. Because it may be difficult for the teacher t'demonstrate an error accurately, attention may be directed to a ular error in another individual. A student may be so attuned to thekinesthetic feel and "correctness" of swinging her arm across the front of her body on the follow-through, for example, that change in performance may be difficult to visualize. Although frequently reminded, or asked to "freeze" so the finish position may be seen, a student may still not associate the error with her performance. Methods, such as pictures, that provide a visual image of the performer in action are usually effectiveininitiating change. One must consider, however, thetime elapsed between the performance and the availability of photographs and movies which need to be processed. A key to effective visual feedback is the ability of the student to associate the picture of herself with the memory of what she did. If the feedback is unduly delayed it is unlikely that the relationshipwill be made. If more effective visual feedbackis unavailable, the method may be useful for beginners who tend to repeat errors 48 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Visual methods that may overcome the drawbacks just discussed are polaroid pictures and videotape. The initial outlay for videotape equipment, although expensive, may be the most reasonable in the long run since tapes may be reused. However, it must be maintained regularly and can be damaged easily through misuse. The polaroid camera is probably the best for all-around use since it is easy to operate, least expensive initially, and less susceptible to damage. The two polaroid techniques available are the standard single picture type, which will give only a single segment of the total movement, andthemultiframetype, or graph-check-sequence camera, which will photograph eight separate segments of the movement onthesameprint.Eitherofthesewillprovide instantaneous information and can be used with a checklist so students can evaluate their performance. It is crucial that the use of any visual technique be directed. The student must be instructed as to what to look for in a photograph. The checklist combined with thevisual image helps to focus attention on appropriate elements of the performance. The student may compare her picture with another of a correct performance. A third use may be to assign the student the task of describing the correct and incorrect points in the photographs of herself Use of the checklist in combination with the videotape is perhaps the mosteffectivemethodofprovidingfeedbackabout performance.Withmoresophisticatedequipmentsplit-screen techniques can be used to provide two different views of the student simultaneously, or of the student and an expert performer. To focus the learner's attention upon the movement process may result in more rapid improvement. It is not assumed that there is a best form; however, if the student can become more consistent in what she does without decreasing her efficiency, pinfall should increase. To this end it is suggested that visual methods are best and thatimmediatefeedback is crucial.Studentattentionto performance may be further focused by use of a checklist. The standardandgraph-check-sequencepolaroidcameras,orthe videotape used in conjunction with a checklist and/or a picture of correct performance may be the most effective means of providing immediate performance information to insure a positive effect on learning.

THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN BOWLING 49 Visual Feedback for Spot Bowling

JACQUELINE SHICK JERALYN J. PLACK Jeralyn J. Flack and Jacqueline Slack received their Ph.D. degrees fromtheUniversityof Minnesota,Minneapolis. Jeralyn Plackiscurrently at Michigan StateUniversity, Lansing, and JacquelineShickisattheUniversity of Minnesota Both are league bowlers and bowling instructors. Jeralyn Hack has been a coach of college women bowlers. Spot bowling is a technique that can increase accuracy for the majority of bowlers. However, the skill may be difficult to master since the feedback is somewhat complicated for the novice to interpret. For example, the bowler might spot the second lane dart in an attempt to hit the 5 pin and discover that the ball missed the pin. She probably either hit the spot but missed the pin, or missed the spot and the pin. In the first case, the corrections relate to the delivery the stance, approach, release, and type of ball rolled. In the secondsituation,thecorrectionrelatesto developing the concentration needed to be aware of whether or not the point of aim was mt. This ability to concentrate is important since most bowlers do not watch the lane darts long enough to perceive the point at which the ball crosses them. Until the learner develops this abilityto concentrate, spot bowling will not be meaningful or helpful. An early task of the bowling instructor is to teach the learner to watch the spot. There are several aids which can provide the necessary visual feedback to enhance the learning experience. Some methods require minimal preparation and expense. Visual feedback can be provided by using two folded washcloths placed on the lane bed on either side of the desired spot. If the ball touches one of the cloths and causes it to move,. it is immediately evident that the spot was missed. Further, the bowler will know if she went to the right or to the left of the spot Another relatively inexpensive device is the "flag." This apparatus consists of a 1/2-inch dowel (36 inches long) from which a lightweight cloth (33 by 33 inches) is suspended. The dowel is drawn through a 11/2-inch hemInthe upper edge of the cloth. Map tacks may be used to prevent the cloth from sliding on the dowel. A student standing .n the channel just beyond the middle lane dart, or about 16 feet from the foul line, holds the flag over the lane be," so that the pins cannot be seen by the bowler. This helps the bowie, to concentrate on the spot until after she has delivered the ball. Much like a bullfighter 50 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE lifting his cape, the student raises the flag after the ball has passed the darts. A more sophisticated aid can be constructed by the school custodians or students in shop class. The dart indicator consists of a framework to which metal, plastic, or wooden indicators (3/4-inch wide) are hinged. The base of the framework sits either in the channels or on the ball returns so that the indicator is suspended over the lane bed. The attachment should be positioned so that it will be displacedonlywhen the ball crossesdirectlyover the desired spot. (See Figure 1.) The indicators should be constructed in such a way that they can be moved to various positions on the frame. Thus, the teacher can indicate to the student the correct spot by the placement of the indicator. The above aids offer immediate and conclusive visual information concerning the spot at which the ball crossed the alley darts. This serves to eliminate the inferentialfacet of spotting and should facilitate learning for most students.

/////1A 1\A\ \I\ \ / 1 Figure 1. The dart indicator,

VISUAL FEEDBACK FOR SPORT BOWLING S1 See the Spares GENEIVE HINGST Genewe Hingst obtained a B.A degree from the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Fa lls, and am M.S. degree from Western Illinois University, Macomb. Size is currently an instructor of physical education at Western Illinois University and past directoroftheNa:ionalIntercollegiatePostalTenpin Tournament. If a bowler wishes to score well she must learn to convert spares consistently. A consistency in spare conversion allows a bowler to maintain a very respectable bowling average. Because spare bowling is of great importance to achieve success, the knowledge concerring spare conversions should become an integral part of every bowler's equipment. Bowling instructors should give high priority to the spare conversion techniques. The importath concepts, though, are difficult for the students to learn through written and oral presentations. Before the introduction of the automatic pin-setting machine, students frequently were called upon to set the pins for each other, which provided an opportunity to observe the peculiarities of the problemsconcernedwithspares.Thehandicapcausedby technological advance may be overcome, however, by construction of an inexpensive and realistic visual and manual aid. A facsimile of the pin deck is placed on the front of an approach, behind the benches, or wherever it is within view of all students. Use of regular pins and a bowling ball on this pin neck permits vivid demonstration of the variables involved. A pin deck placed where it does not interfere with the bowling lanes and approaches permits students to return throughout a class period for reference in planning their conversion attempts This is particularly helpful if an unusual spare is involved. Many principles coacerning momentum, action-reaction, angles of deflection, and ball spin can be graphically illustrated. This may be done by the instructor who kneels beside or slightly in front of the head pin and rolls the ball with varying spin at select targets and pin leaves. The following list of demonstration and discussion topics is presented to illustrate some of the potential uses for the facsimile pin deck. A.General Information 1. How heavy are the pins and Ow ball? 2. V hat effect does the weight of the ball have on pintail? 3.What is the diameter of the ball and of a pin? 4 How much space is there between the outside edges of two adjacent pins/ 52 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE 5 flow much space is there between pins directly behind each other? B.Ball Action I. What is the ball deflection for a hit in the strike pocket by a straight, hook, or back-up delivery? 2. What effect dot., the angle that the ball enters the pins have upon subsequent pintail? 3. flow can ball deflection be used to pick up spares? 4. How large is the target area when attempting to convert a single pin? 5. For specific spares, which pins must be covered by the ball? C.Pin Action I. How does the fullness of thehit on apin affect pin deflection? 2. Flow can pin deflection be used to convert spares? 3. For specific spares, which pins must be covered by other pins? D.Problem Spares I.What plan must be made to convert spares involving sleepers for example, 2-8, 3 -9, 3 -6 -9; 1-2-? 2. What problem develops when the head pin remains standing m addition to a pin in the back row for example, 1-3-8; 1- 3- 6 -8 -10; 1 -2 -9: 1-2-4-7-9? 3 Where does the ball need to be placed on the following splits: 2-7; 3 -10: 4-5? 4. What additional problems are present when splits occur with pins remaining in the middle and to the far side of the pin deck for example, 5-10, 3 -7: 4 -10: 6-7-10? The vastmajorityof bowlers sprinkle strikes more or less generously throughout their games because of skill or luck. To maintain consistently a respectable bowling average one needs to be able to convert spares. Therefore, skills and knowledge necessary for converting spares should be emphasized in tt ching a bowling unit. Students' knowledge and understanding of spare conversions are greatly increased when a realistic visual and manual aid is used. As soon as the basic fundamentals and problems involved in spare conversions are taught, students may review as often as they wish. Additional spare conversion problems can also be set up to reinforce prior (earnings. Construction of Pin Deck Model The facsimile pin deck is easy to construct or one may prefer to use the template from the Gym Bowl Kit. In making a pin deck model, the following materials are needed: a sheet each of heavy wrapping paper and clear plastic measuring 50 x 40 inches, felt marking pens, and a compass. SEE THE SPARES 53 Instructions: I Make the original dewingon heavy wrapping pap 2. Outline the pin deck in width (42inches) and del),(36 inches). 3. Draw a line from the frontcenter.ifthe pin deck outline to each corner and from the apex to the base of the formed by the lines. triangle that is 4. Locate pin at theapex, then proceed to the back line, placing pins on lines which are 12,24, and 36- hes. 5 To find the proper distances fromore .n to another, measure 12 inches from the center of the base ofoae pin to the center of the base of the next pin. The base ofa pin is 21/4 inches in diameter. 6. Draw a circle 5 inchesin diameter around the center of the base of each pin to indicate the actual widthof the pins. 7. Number the pins 8 Place the Pieta plastic over the original drawing and trace thepin deck outline and the circles indicatingpin placement. 9. Complete the pin deck model bynumbering the pins.

Pin Placement Pins 36 7,8 9 10

Pins 24 4 5 6

Pins 12 2 3

apes Head Pin

Completed Pin Deck '----A,.®)-----\.__ Of*

Base 2 1/4 MOOS Width of pin is 5 +mhos Center of coe pin to center of next pin is 12 inches

Figure 1. Pin dock model. 54 DGWS BOWLING-FF:.CING GUIDE Bowling Norms for College Women

FRANCES WOOD PETTY A. WALLACE

Frances Wood is an associate professor of physical education at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. She received her B.S.and M.Sdegrees from Oklahoma StateUniversity, Stillwater, and the Ed.D.degree from the University of Houston Houston, Texas. Betty A. Wallace is an assistant professor of physical education at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. She obtained her B.S. degree from the University of Houston, Houston, iexas, and the il.Ed. degree from the University of Arkansas. Bowling instructors are constantly seeking ways of measuring achievementoransweringstudents'questions concerningthe amount of improvement they can expect. Norms provide standard points of reference that may be used as a basis for judgmentor comparison. The norms that have been developed here may provide each student who starts at a specific level with a realistic idea of the progress he can expect at the end of every five lines. The norms may also be used to dam i e skill grades in the following ways: (I) separate skill grades may be assigned after each five lines with all grades averaged at the end of the course; (2) final five-game average may be used to deterne the skill grade; or (3) final five-game average may be compared with initial level of ability to ascertain amount of improvement. We used the bowling norms established in 1950 by Phillips and Summers to measure the progress of students in women's bowling clas'es at the University of Arkansas. These norms were developed for college women bowlers with ability averages grouped at 10- point intervals. We feltthat these norms might not be fair to those students whose beginning averages fell at the bottom of the 10-point interval because they were expected to improve to the same ability level as those students who started with averages near the top of the same I0-point interval. To reduce the distance between the upper and lower limits, norms were constructed at five-point intervals using the scores of

' Marjorie Phillips and Dean Summers, "Bowling Norms and le.irsung Curves for College Women," Research Quarterly, 21 (Dec. 1950), pp. 337.85.

BOWLING NORMS FOR COLLEGE WOMEN 55 3,620 women students in bowling classes taught by the authors over a 12-year period The procedures used by Phillips and Summers for developing norms were followed. Information regarding procedures and treatment of data may be obtained from the authors upon request The average of the first 5 lines was used as the level of ability, or beginning average for !ach student Norms were developed for each level of ability dt the end of 10 lines, and again at the end of each succeeding 5 lines through 25 fines. The 5-point ability levels begin at scores of 50 io 54.9 and continue through scores of 125 to 129 9. The norms which were developed are presented in the following tables.

56 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Rating Lines 1 to 10 BOWLING NORMS FORLEVEL COLLEGE OF ABILITY: WOMEN SCORES 50 to 54.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 GoodSuperiorInferiorPoorAverage 616874 5455and or up less 677360 100 and up896465-76 or 77 less 8899 104 and up82937071 or less 9281103 112 and up987084 71or less 43 8397111 * SDNIN 4363.88 5.39 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 55 to 59.9 82.2643 9.95 ' 4386 95 9.20 90.9211.86 GoodSuperiorRatingAverage 647277Lines 58and 1 upto 10 766371 102Lines and 11 up to 15657790 7689101 Lines108 16 and to up 20967!81 8095107 Lines101115 21 toand 251185 -- 100 84114 InferiorPoor NISDN 57 or less 67.1174 5.76 64 or less 82.9674 10.52 70 of less 88.177411.24 70 or less 92.907412 49 Vcm N SDM = MeanStandardNumber of deviation participants Rating Lines I to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 60 to 64.9 Lines I I to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 InferiorPoorAverageGoodSuperior 6181 626775orand --less- up7480 - 66 107 and up66678094 -or- 93less 79106 112 and up70718598 or-- - 97lessIII 84 104120 --and 1197087 up 71or less 86103 SDMN 134 70 77 5 68 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 65 to 69.9 134 86 4011.35 134 91.2811.73 134 94.9713 73 AverageGoodSuperiorRating 6784 7279Lines--and - up I to I 0 7S83 Lines107 IIand to up 158496 - 95106 Lines101113 16 and to up 2088 - - 100112 Lines107120 21 and to up 2591 - I06119 InferiorPoor SDMN 66 or less 189 75.15 4.9471 7273 or-- 83less 189 89.55 9.89 7576 or less 189 94 1018 5187 7778 or less 189- 90 98.5411.91 Rating Lines 1 to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 70 to 74.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 GoodSuperior 88 and up 109 and up98 - 108 103115 and up - 114 120 and up InferiorPoorAverage 76837071 - 87or less 199 - 8275 727385 or- 84less 299 - 97 757689 or less 299 88102 107 - 119809379 - 92or less 199 106 SDM 79.09 5.12 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 75 to 79.9 90 9910.45 95.7111.11 99.5411,42 SuperiorRating 92Lines and 1 upto 10 Lines114 11 and to up 15 - Lines118 16 toand 20 up Lines124 21 and to up 25 - PoorAverageGood 758087 - 798691 101 7587 - 86 100113 106 --8092 - 91 105117 III 8396 951231 1 0 Inferior SDNIN 74 or less 392 83.31 5.03 74 or less 391 94.0311.19 79 or less :91 98.5811.12 82 or less 392103.18 11.94 0Of LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 80 to 84.9 Lines 21 to 25 PoorAverageGoodSuperiorRating 97 8491Linesand ---- 901 to 10 96 up Lines104115 11 and- 114to up 1590 - 103 Lines109121 16 and-- 120to 2095 -- 108 up 114127 - 126and8599 - 113 98 Inferior NIN 7879 or- 83less 476 87.28 7879 or- 89less 476 96.51 8281 or- 94less 476101.66 84 or less 476105.68 SI) 5.22 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 85 to 89.9 Lines 11 to 15 10.27 Lines 16 to 20 10.93 Lines 21 to 25 11.85 PoorAverageGoodSupt.riorRating Lines101 1 to and 10 up838895 -- 8794 100 106117 and-- 116 up8293 - 10592 111123 and- 122 up8597 --- 11094 100115127 and- 114126 up87 - 99 Inferior 51)NI 82 or less 429 91.47 5.08 81 or less 429 99.3210.04 84 or le..,s 429103.53 10.73 86 or less 429106 94 11.31 Rating Lines 1 to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 90 to 94.9 Lines II to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 PoorAverageGoodSuperior 100105 and up8792 9199 104 1211 and up971 -0 109 120 113126 and up99 98 112125 102117130 and up 101116129 Inferior SDMN 86 or less 459 95.49 5.23 8586- or 96 less 459102.81 10.00 8586 or less 459105.56 11.18 8788 or less 459108.99 11.85 Rating Lines 1 to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 95 to 99.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 PoorAverageGoodSuperior 103108 and up9196 95102107 112124 and8799 up 98123I 1 1 116128102 and up 115127 105121135 and up91 104120134 Inferior SDMN 90 or less 366 99 4.99 31 86 or less 366105.32 10.32 8990- or 101 less 366108.90 10 75 90 or less 366112.69 12.55 N01 Rating LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 100 to 104.5 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 GoodPooraverageSuperior Lines100106114 1 and to 10up94 99107113 1021171?() and90 up 101116129 105120133 and92 up 104119132 107123136 and up93 106122135 Inferior SDMN 91 'M less 103.31256 5.82 89 or less 256109.29 11.42 91 or less 256112.44 11.68 92 or less 256114.73 12.31 Rating Lines 1 to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 105 to 109.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 PoorAverageGoodSuperior 104III117 and up98 103110116 130104118 and up91 103117129 106121135 and up93 -- 105 134120 125I 108 94 sind up 107124139 In'erior SDMN 97 or less 200107.05 5.44 90 or less 200110,38 11.66 92 or less 200113.34 11.77 93 or less 200116.2/ 13.03 Rating Lines 1 to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 110 to 114.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to.25 PoorAverageGoodSuperior 101108116123 and up 107115122 107122135 and up94 106121134 112126138 and99 up I125137 11 I15129143 and up99 114128142 Inferior SDMN 100 or less 111,69132 6.33 93 or less 113.98132 11.49 98 or less 118132 27 10.86 98 or less 121.19132 12.52 SuperiorRating Lines125 1 and to 10up LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 115 to 119.9 Lines135 11 toand 15 up Lines139 16and to up 20 Lines146 21 and to up 25 PoorGoodAverage 106112119 1181124 1 1 110124 99 109123134 113127101 112126138 102116132 115131145 Inferior SDMN 105 or less 115.4385 5.63 98 or less 116.49 8510.44 100 or I. 119.65 8510.66 101 or less 123.6485 12 27 Rating Lines 1 to 10 LEVEL OF ABILITY: SCORES 120 to 124.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 GoodSuperiorPoorAverage 116124130110 and up 129115123 104115129140 and up 114128139 103-115130142 and 114 up 129141 115133149 and up98- 114 132148 Inferior SI)NIN 109 or less 119 83 53 6.16 103 or less 121.995310.49 102 or less 122 305311.27 97 or less 123.6553 14.58 Rating LEVEL OF ABILITY SCORES 125 to 129.9 Lines 11 to 15 Lines 16 to 20 Lines 21 to 25 PoorAverageGoodSuperior Lines116121128132 1 and to 10up 120127131 102115133148 and up 114132147 116133146103 and up 115132145 116135152 and up99 115134151 Inferior SDMN 115 or less 123.63 33 4.91 101 or less 124.26 3312.91 102 or less 124 1333 12.32 98 or less 125.29 3315.14 The Real Thing on the Gym Floor! MARIAN E. KNEER

Marian Kneer is an assistant professor of physical education at the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees from Illinois State University and her Ed.S. degree fromtheUniversityof Michigan wheresheis completing work on her Ph.D. degree lkr previous experience was at East Peoria high School where she served asdepartment chairman. She has bowled for many seasm:s in league play. Bowling has received renewed attention as a valuable lifetime skill. It was formerly assumed that the inclusion of bowling in the school curriculum required a nearby bowling establishment or the use of synthetic equipment in the gymnasium Several years ago, when the author was faced with this situation, it was discovered that utilization of the nearby lanes was not possible and that there were drawbacks in using artificial equipment. The problem was solved by exploring the feasibility of using official balls and pins on the gym floor. Sounds incredible, but the investigation proved positive The first step was to determine whether the pins or balls would damage the floor School engineers indicated that a gymnasium floor is laid similarly to those on bowling lanes and thatdamage would not result The balls can cause skid maiks on the finish of the floor, but they are easily scrubbed off after the program is completed The second step was to consider the safety factor Itwas discovered that the balls can be backstopped by rolled up wrestling mats that measure about 30 inches in height. To prevent the pins from rolling sideways to other lanes, old and new 5-foot by 10-foot tumbling mats were rolled and tied (Figure 1). The author bowled on a gym floor for several lines while observers andcolleagues, serving as pmspotters, evaluated the pin action and possibility 01 injury from balls or pins It was decided that little danger is involved. The pinspotters stood behind the wrestling mats at all times when the pins were upright. The next step was to mark off the dimensions of a bowling "lane."intheauthor's situation,itwas possibleto provide regulation approach distances to the foul line, but impossible to provide sufficient length from the foul lines to the pins. Perhaps this problem is not too serious since important skills in bowling are the approach and delivery of the ball. The shorter distance may provide more security for the beginner and thus foster a willingness to approach and deliver the ball with a free swing. It is noted that with plastic equipment the same problems may exist THE REAL THING - ON THE GYM FLOOR! 65 Figure 1 Gymnasium floor setup

Equipment can be secured from local bowhng lanes Proprietors are frequently cooperative and eager to assist in such a projectIn the author's situation, 10 sets of used pins and approximately18 used balls were donated. The need for a variety ofgrip sizes was solved by having the balls drill«I for two different sizes. Boxes with rollers were constructed, handleswere attached at the ends and sides for convenient stacking and storage (Figure2). The boxes, which held approximately six balls, were placedbetween pans of lanes The number of lanes that can be made dependson the sue of the gym andthe sizeof theclass.Most gymnasiums caneasily 66 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE "1 15' 4

Figure 2 Box to hold six balls accommodate eight lanes, which may provide bowling for 40 girls. When the final floor plan of the lanes was determined, a template from poster board was made with tempera paint to mark the spots where pins are to be placed. Circles were drawn with the pin numbers written inside The procedure used for bowling on gymnasium lanes is to start with the anchor, the last bowler in the team lineup, in the role of pinspotter behind the wrestling mats. Her duty is to set up the pins for the leadoff bowler. After the first ball is bowled, she returns the ball slowly to the bowler and clears away the fallen pins, placing them behind the mat. The bowler is instructed to wait at the foul line for her ball to be returned and to stop the ball by placing her foot on it. Alter astrikeor the secondball,the leadoff bowler goes immediately to the pinspottmg area to help set up all the pins. The original pinspotter carries the second ball back to the next bowler The leadoff bowler then stands behold the mats while the second bowler rolls the ball. Students may be permitted to wear their own bowling shoes if they have them or to take off their tennis shoe on then slide foot. The author has had experience in teaching bowling at bowling lanes as well as inthe gymnasium. Bowling in the gym provides many advantages. First, the instructor can more easily give mass Instructions since there are no ball returns or channels, Special pickups can be practiced for spares or splits, Also, the students tend to approach and deliver the ball more confidently when they arc looking atatargeta bit closer and at lanes without ominous chan nels. The procedure outlined above has been used at East Peoria Community High S, pool for several years. A 15-lesson unitis providedforall seniorgirls. The program has resultedinthe gymnasium bowling lanes being used every hour of the school day by approximately 200 girls. During this time, no damage has been done to the floor and no student has been injured from balls or flying pins. The real thing can be done on the gymnasium floor Try it! THE REAL THING ON THE GYM FLOOR! 67 COLLEGIATE DIVISION OF THE WIBC The Collegiate Division of the Women's International Bowling Congresshasbeeninoperationoncollegecampuses since September, 1966. In its first season, 35 leagues were sanctioned, and 1,003 WIBC memberships wereissuedto college women. For informationaboutthispopular program, iequestaCollegiate Division information packet from Women's International Row ling Congress Collegiate Division 5301 South 76th Street Greendale, Wisconsin 53 129 Membershipisopentoallwomen studentsofcolleges, universities, and Junior colleges who meet their school athletic participation requirements. Membership fees are nominal Amateur competitive status is mandatory for membership and participation in ABC or WIBC NationalCollegiateDivisionTournamentsIts eligibility rule is reprinted below.

ELIGIBILITY AND AMATEUR STANDING RULE COLLEGIATE DIVISION OF ABC/WIBC 1. General Eligibility Intracollegzate Competition Membership shall be available to all students who are enrolled in anyinstitutionofhighereducationandwho meetthe requirements of the institution for such participation. 2, Specific EligibilityIntercollegiate Competition rligibility shall be determined by the institution, conference, or sponsoring collegiate association regulathms for intercollegiate athletics. 3. Notional Collegiate Division Thurnament Eligibility To maintain amateur status for such a tournament a bowler must not- aBowl, substitute, or pace in any league of tournament or any other bowling competition where money or merchandise prizes are listed as ay.ards(Note. Individual intercollegiate athletic awards and similar momentos shall be limited to those approved and administered by the institution or its conference or sponsoring collegiate association in keeping with traditional college requirements as to what constitutes an acceptable award.) b. Acceptpersonalassistancefrorn aprofessionalgames organizationora commercial organization which clearly implies endorsement of any product. 68 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Witness: All bowling must be witnessed by the faculty adviser by whom all scoresheets must be checked and signed. Scoring. The rules set forth in the current DGWS Bowling-Fencing Guide will be the official rules for the tournament. Mailing: The official scoresheet or a facsimile should be postmarked no later than midnight 4 the period entered to be considered in tabulations. Fee: The Division Executive Council of the DGWS has set up a fee of two dollars per year for all postal meets sponsored by the DGWS. Report: Within two weeks of the close of each period, the results will be tabulated and a summary will be mailed to all institutions that have filed acceptance blanks and paid the fee. Reports will be separate for each division. Point System. Schools will compete in only one division. One point for entry from fifteen po.s to one point for placing first to fifteenthinteamscoies(five-womentwo-gameseriesor five-women three-game Ames), individual two-game series or three-gameseries;andindividualsinglegame Pointsare cumulative for the year.

(Tear off here or make facsimile)

TENPIN TOURNAMENT ACCEPTANCE If your institution accepts the above conditions, please signand enclosethe fee of two dollars with acceptance. This fee includes all four periods.

Signed (Faculty Adviser) Institution

Address

Send to. Mimi Ryan, Women's Gym, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 32601 NATIONAL INTERCOLLEGIATE POSTAL TENPIN TOURNAMENT 71 RECORDS High FiveWomen Team Score (two gamL.$) Eastern Illinois Univ., Charleston, I S'71-72 1892 High Five-Women Team Score (three games) Pennsylvania State Univ.. University Park, 1971-72 2792 High Individual Series (two games) Elaine Callen, College of Sequoias, Visalia, Calif.. 1949-50 . .. 442 High Individual Series (three games) B. J. Ilember, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, 1964-65 730 High Singles Game (two games) Roberta Smock, Temple Univ., Philadelphia, Pa., 1953-54 . . 253 Tied by Donna Fuhr, Northwest Missouri State College, Maryville, 1960-61 High Singe Game (three games) B. J. Ilember, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, 1964-65 .. 278

RECORDS 1970.1971 High FiveWomen Team Score (two games) Northern State College, Aberdeen, S.D...... 1792 High FiveWomen Team Score (three games) Ithaca College, Ithaca, N.Y. 2705 High Individual Series (two games) Pat Borchers, Northern State College, Aberdeen, S.D. . 406 High Individual Series (three games) Michele Block, Ithaca College, Ithaca, N.Y. . . . 576 Hiyil Single Game (two games) !Men Nikiel, State Univ. College, Buffalo, N.Y. . . 233 High Single Game (three games) Julie Goldstein, Ithaca College, Ithaca, N.Y ...... 246

RECORDS 1971-1972 High Five-Women Team Score (two games) Eastern Illinois Univ , Charleston . 1892 High FiveWomen Team Score (three games) Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park 2792 72 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE High Individual Series (two games) Nancy Knocke. Gustavus Adolphus College. St. Peter, Minn. 403 High Individt...1 Series (three games)

Jan Randle, Southern Illinois Univ, Carbondale .. . 598 High Single Game (two games) Maureen Jorgenson. Eastern Illinois Univ, Charleston 23 I High Single Game (three games)

Rose Caruso, l)'Youville College. But falo, N.Y. ... . 230

NATIONAL INTERCOLLEGIATE POSTAL TENPIN TOURNAMENT 73 Final Summary Sheet - 1970-71 NATIONAL INTERCOLLEGIATE POSTAL AMERICAN TENPIN TOURNAMENT School Division A Periods NorthernFastern State Illinois College. Univ Aberdeen.Charleston S D. . . . 82 ' 0I 1st 5 62.081 02nd 120.5 60 53rd 8180.0 0 4th 303.0285175.5 5Total SoutheastStateSouthNlanstield Univ. Dakota Missomi College-Fredonia. State State College. StateUniv.. College. BrookingsManstield. Fredonia, ('ape Pa. GinnN.Y . leau . . . . , 40.5375 47.0 0 60.533041.513 5 T L 42.5125 84.523 191150 5 94577.084.0 StateMississippiDenison Univ. LimyCollege-Bultalo. State . Granville. College OhioBuffalo,to Womey N.Y. Columbus . . . . 37 29.00 T L22.5 7.0 T L 36 0 9.0 '512 55 54.555.568.5 TexasWellsMorton College,Tech. College. Univ.. Aurora. Cicero.Lubbock N.Y. III. . . . 35.019 0 I S.0 5 0 41.0 7.0 7.0 3544.053.0 0 FranklinlloodUniv.Beloit College,of Evansville.College. Frederick. Beloit.Franklin. Evansville. Wis. Md. hid. Ind. . . . 1814 5 6 5 6 034.0 0 10 0 6.0 6.0 1132.5 10.05 9.5 KaskaskiaMcKendreeGeorgian Court College, College. College. Centralia. Lebanon. Lakewood. III. III N.J . . . . . 35 0 5.0 3.05.0 DrakeUniv.IlenryBriar:lifts ofUnivFord Tennessee. .Community College.Des Nloines. Martin Briaichtt College. Iowa Manor. Dearborn. N.Y. Mich...... 0.00 0 T L 0.0 School Division B Periods Ithaca ...... 45.0 1st 79 0 2nd 57 03rd 68.5 4th 249 5 Total Wisconsin State Univ..Univ., LaCrosseOshkosh College. Ithaca. N.Y ...... 70.574.0 6.0 37.543.514.0 86.046.025.0 42.037 516.0 172.5180145.5 0 MoreheadIndianaUniv. of State Iowa. State Univ.. Iowa Univ Tex City , Morehead. re I laute Ky. . . 55.5 64.022.522 5 T L25.0 64.042.015.5 106.0118.5 86.5 WesternSt.Parsons Olaf College.College,MichiganIllinois Univ.. Northfield.Fairfield. Univ.. Macomb Kalamazoo Iowa Minn. . . 45.018.5 T L1 3.0I 0 35.039 0 6 0 20.031.5 53.57085 50 SouthernUniv.Capital of Illinois Univ., Minnesota.Cincinnati. Columbus.Univ.. MinneapolisCincinnati. Carbondale Ohio Ohio ...... 15.0 7.0 41.5I 2.010.5 6 5 29.0 7.0 T L 41.041.52124.5 13.05 CentralChadronNorthwestLos Connecticut Angeles State Missouri College.Harbor State State College. College.Chadron. College. Wilmington. New Neb. Maryville Britain Calif . . . . 8 05.0 T L 5.01.0 5 0 INC 6.0 6.05.06.0 U,V Final SummaryDivision Sheet A 1971-72 School . . . . . 1st 2nd Periods 3rd 4th Total SouthEasternWells College.Dakota Illinois State Aurora.Univ Univ.,. Charleston N.Y. Brookings . . . . . :19.005797.50 00 I 20 50 3164.00 .00 64.0050.0056 00 8564,50 1*50 I. 225290'35 5000 50 SoutheastIowaNorthern Wesleyan State Missouri College, State Aberdeen,Mt. College, Pleasant Cape S.D. Girardeau . . . . 45.50 6.009.50 39.0037.00 9.00 39.0018.00 5.00 47.0020.0080 50 166.00109.5080.00 LimyDemstGustavus of Evansville,limy Adolphus , Granville, Evansville, College, Ohio St111(1. Peter, NI inn . . . 32.501312 0050 T L16.00 5.00 64.0031 00 7.00 9.006.00 6176 58.0050 MississippiStateMansfield Univ State College-Fredonia,State College, College Mansfield, for Women, Fredonia, Pa. Columbus N.Y . . 088.50 00 14 00 4.008.503.00 10.00 4 00 17 50 8.007.00 20.5022.0039.00I 2.00 MortonIllinoisStateWest Virginia Univ Wesleyan College, College-Buffalo. Wesleyan Cicero, Umv., College. BloomingtonIII. Buffalo. Buck hannon N Y...... 7.000.002I 0000 6 002.0C, 3.006 00 'I L 12.00 77,00 00 TexasHoodTowson College. Southmost State College,Fredeitek, College. Baltimore, Md Brownsville \Id. . ... 0.003.00 T L 1.00 3.001.00 2 Division B ..i-2 St. Cloud State College, St. Cloud, School Minn. 43.500 1st 62.00 2nd Periods 3rd 4th Total gn MoreheadWisconsin StateState Univ., Univ WhitewaterSan Diego Mesaennsylvaina Co Ileac, State Univ Morehead. Ky. ,San University Diego C1111 Park . 139.33353.000 53 30.0050 75.00 10.006697.00 50 202.500138139.333145.500 500 T.res Southern Illinois Univ., WisconsinWesternSt. Olaf College, Illinois State Univ..Univ.-Oshkosh. Northfield, Macomb Carbondale Minn. Oshkosh . 13.00018.00020.833 47.00T L44.50 3.00 34.5066.0051.50 T 1,1462.00 12.5000 106.50065.00066.00084 833 -I-Ivio IndianaNorthwestIthacaParsonsD'Youville College, StateCollege, Missouri College,Univ., Ithaca, Fairfield, State Terre Bultalo,N.Y. N Y College,Haute MatyvtlleIowa 11.33317.50017.5005.0006.000 31.0028 00 6.507.005.00 28.0010.0028.00 5.50 INC50.00 5.508.00 46.50055.50060.50061.00064.000 2clz CapitalUnn of Univ., Columbus. OhioChadron State College, Iowa, Iowa City Chadron. Net %V. Va . INC 4.0008.000 20.50 0.00 24 00 9.00 10.00 7 00 24.0004445.833 500 2iiiZ Gl:c Montana State Univ., Marshall Univ., Huntington. State College, Glassboio, N Bozeman ...... J. 3.00 4 002.00 9.00 14.00 14.00023.0004 0005.000 OFFICIAL DUCKPIN RULES* TEAM MEMBERSHIP

I In a five-man team league, a legal teani shall consist of five bowlers, four bowlers, and one dummy or three bowlers and two dummies. In a four-man team league two dummies shall be allowed per team. In a three-man team league only one dummy shall be allowed per team. Ina two-man team, or doubles league, one dummy may be allowed, at the option of the league only. (NOTE The members of the team may be REGULAR members of that team. ALTERNATE members ofthatteamor ALTERNATE MEMBERS PROVIDED BY TILE LEAGUE. An alternate bowler is a person bowling in the place of a regular team member. A substitute bowler is a person finishing a game that has already been started by a regular or alternate bowler. A dummy shall be considered as a regular member of the team but not as a bowler. Any and all bowlers who are eligible to bowl with a team at any time are eligible bowlers of that team and any, or all, such bowlers may be used to constitute an eligible team ) In a non-handicap mixed league where a male member of the teamis absent, or is withdrawn from the line-up, he must be replaced with another male bowler or with a male dummy score. Likewise, if a female member of the team is absent, or is withdrawn from the line-up, she must be replaced with anothei female bowler with a female dummy score. (NOTE In handicap mixed leagues Hi.;useofmalereplacementsfor female bowlers or female replacements for male bowlers is allowed with the difference created in the handicap automatically taking care of such changes.) In a non-handicap "limited average" mixed league a male bowler may replace a female bowIer and a female may replace a male bowler.

PLAYER SUBSTITUTION 2. The captain of any team may withdraw any player, or dummy, in any game and mbstitute any eligible player, or a dummy, at any time, but the player withdrawn shall not be eligible to again roll in the game from which lie was withdrawn. The score shall be credited to the bowler beginning the game or completing a game started withdummy or blind. if a player withdraws and no substitution is made, the player's score for the ganris the total of his actual score plus the dummy score of the league for each of the remaining frames of the game

*Excerpts from rules reprinted with permission of National Duckpin Bowling Congress,

78 DGWS BOWLING - FENCING GUIDE rolling for their playitslegal team. The scores of the players individual averages shall NOT count as pintailfor the forfeiting team, and the forfeiting team shall notbe credited with dummy scores as pmfall for those bowlerswho are absent.

TIE GAME 14In the event of a tie game, first or second game,each bowler will use for the roll-off the first frame of thesucceeding game, and the highest total pinfall for the first frameof the succeeding game shall decide the winner of the previous tie game,and in the event that the total of the first trame for each team ends in atie, bowlers will continue in the same manner for the nextframe, and so on until the tie is broken. However, should the tie occur inthe final game the teams shall change lanes for the nextframe, and if the tie remains unbroken, teams shall continue to alternate lanesuntil the tie is broken. In case of a tie game where a dummy isbeing used, the team using the dummy shall be allowedone-tenth of the dummy score for each succeeding box atter the tenth until the tieshall be broken, fractions of over one-half to count as one pin,fractions of one-half and under not to count. Pintail in any frame aftethe tenth, to determine the winner of a tie game, shall not count as pinf.illin the records. Failure of team members to remain on the lanesuntil the totals ot the two competing teams are computedshall, in a tie game, require such teams to bowlthe extra boxes needed to break the tie with only those ;umbels then present. In such instancesthe scores 01 those competing, plus the regulardummy score of the league to toe absent playei or players, shallbe used. If either team fails to have a legal number of bowlers (3 bowlers and2 dummies, 4 bowlers and I dummy or S bowlers) remaining, C:e teamthat does have such legal number of bowlers remaining shall bedeclared as the winner ot the tie game by forfeit

TEAMS BOWLING ALONE 17 When any game is declaredforfeited wide, the rules, the team present and not at fault mustbowl any and all games to be bowled as though they were actually contestedand the scores and averages shall be credited and recorded Any team which rolls a league match, notscheduled against another team, or where the opposing team does not appear,unless postponement has previously been anangedfor, shall receive credit for three games won by forfeit. (A team cannotlose aforfeit ma 1 ch. ) 81 OFFICIAL DUCKPIN RULES Such 'Nshall mean a Awl of three games, or four points, whiche%, ,n tag system is being used by the league. No team shall roll aga'nst any previously d:termined scores and/or team averages.

FINAL POSITIONS OF TEAM: U LEAGUE STANDING 18Where teams are tied in the number of games won and lost, whether in thet tor second half of a split schedule, or in a full se :son's schedu ,the final positions of such teams in the league 'standings shall be determined by total pintail, EXCEPT, where there is a specific league rule to the contrarythen the league rule shall apply

FOUL LINE JUDGE 19In all events or league games under the jurisdiction of the Congress an official foul line judge or an approved automatic. to ,d detecting device shall be used In the event an automatic foul detecting device tails to operate properly the opposing team Cmains shall be.sponsible for calling allfoulsuntilthe devicehas been satistactonly repaired and operating The foul line judge shall take special care to declare all fouls immediately upon their being committed, unasked, and in a distinct audible voice"I.. aul line judge's decision as to fouls slI be final No appeal shall be allowed from the decision of the fol.! line judge except where itis apparent that a foul may have been called on the wrong playerAny player who shallcontinuetodispute the decisions of afoul line Judge may be suspended from turthei pal thapation in the match in question by the tool line Ridge CHANGING FOUL LINE JUDGE 20 No foul line judge shall be chanced dilring a I:igue waffle, or an advertised match game, without the consent of a mawiity ot the team captains involved.

FOULS 21A foul is comn.dted when any part of the bowlei's person or clothing encloaches upon ot goes oeyond the foul line and tom' es any part of ay}, lane equipment or any part of the building which is beyond the foci line during or after the act of delivery, whether or not the ball is ielea5ed A ball is in play and a foul may be called after a delivery has oeen made and until the same, 01 another player is on the approach in position to make a succeeding delivery It, in the act 9f delivering the b any object falls from the bowicl's clothing or person and breaks the light beam so as to OGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIOC

. +ft4'1 Coach for money, dAccept pay fora radio or televtsion appearance other than expense tha might bereasonably metured from the sttu'io. in his travel to and e. Compete for and /oraccept scholarships warded skills only. on bowling 4 Any violation general playing rules suspension from the that would resultto aduit organizationwill result in loss collegiate divisionmembership. (Note' Bowlers of or Ineligible for IVIBC undo suspension and ABC membershipare ineligible for membership ti. the CollegiateDivision ) 5All awardsfor leagues and Collegiate tournaments sanctionedbythe Divisionmustconformto amateur staw:ards established by the CollegiateDivision as

COLLEGIATE DIVISIONOF THE WIBC 69

register a foul, a foul shall be called and so recorded110wever, if any such object falls onto the lane beyond the foul line and the light beam is not broken, no foul shall be called. No balls or pins will be allowed in the gutter or on the lane before rolling. Any ball delivered before deadwood is removed or while pins or balls are in the glitter or on the lane shall bedeemed a foul and handled accordingly. No appeal shall be allowed when au approved automaticfoul detecting device registers a foul except when it can be pros en that the device was riot operating properly. (NOTE A player may at any time elms over the foul line for the purposeof removing an obsliuction from the lane, etc., upon notification to the foul line judp, opposing team captain or member of the opposing team or 1.11111113M, Tit ,.if.. ,at 01 hi; ,:eNito (,) d, National Intercollegiate Postal Tenpin Tournament

GENEIVE HINGST Western Illinois University Macomb, Illinois The National Intercollegiate Postal Tenpin Tournament is in its thotieth season, having been first inaugurated at Pennsylvania State University by the WRA Bowling Club to stimulate interestin bowling, The schools invited to join enjoyed the experience so much that a petition was submitted to the DGWS to sponsor the event, and the Legislative Board approved the tournament in 1942. Since that time the regulations and results have been published in each issue of the DGWS BowlIng-FencingGolf Gulde In January 1963, the Legisfintive Board changed the name from "telegiaphic" to "postal" and increased the point system from 10 to 15 points No trophies or awards are made. Schools within traveling distance are encouraged to arrange face-to-face matches. If your institution would like to enter the tournament, simply fill out the acceptance form and mail it. Scoiesheets and receipts will be mailed at once.

Regulations Competitors: Undergraduate women students in good standing at any institution of learning are invited to compete. At least 10 women must bowl from an institution, the five high scores to count. Date: Any institution may compete during any or all of the four periods listed below. All 10 women from one institution must bowl on the same day. First period December 1-20 Second period February 1-28 Third period March 1-31 Fourth periodApril 1-30 Contest. Each institution must decide the division in which it will parttcipate for the year. Divisions areA- Contest consisting of two games: onepracticeballbeforethefirst game only. B-Contest consisting of three games, one practice ball before the first game only. Equipment and Piny: Participants must follow specifications of the Division for Girls and Women's Sports. 70 DGWS BOWLING- FENCING GUIDE

DELIBERATE FOUL 23.If itis appaient that a player deliberately fouls, to benefit by the calling of such foul, le shall be immediately disqualified from further participation in the match or event then in play. Whew an automatic ,''"setting machine is in use and it is apparent that a bowie' delib, ,,Ill ly steps on or pushes the pedal or button that actuates the (lc a dWood removal mechanism of the machine to benefitby suetaction,thenthe at ofthe bowie, shall be considered as a deliberate foul, recorded as such and bearing the same penalty as outlined in the foregoing paragraph. In league phiy any eligible substitute may immediately replace such disqualified bowler, beginning with the box following the one in which thy h ,wlei w tkclilliirdifiednot ,1-111 he 1lowed only the any pin, or pins, then standing on tne pin deck that may be knocked down by such dislodged pin, or pins, shall be counted as pins down.

DEADWOOD 25The deadwood must be removed from the lane and gutters after each ballis rolled, mechanically where automatic pinsetting machines are in use. Should any pins fall in removing the deadwood such pins must be respotted When an automatic pinsetting machine is In use and the Number 7 pm and/or the Namber 10 pin is knocked down by pins being cleared by the gutter belt such pin and/or pins shall be regarded as down Any pin or pins knocked down by the Number 7 pin and/or Number 10 pin shall count as pins down. Any pin or pins knocked down by a pin or pins, or falling AFTER the bowler steps on or pushes the pedal or button that actuatesthe deadwood removal mechanismof anautomatic pinsetting machine shall not count as pins down, and any pin or pins knocked down or falling after such action on the part of the bowler shall be re.F otted. Any pin or pins knocked down by the action of the deadwood removal mechanism of the machine shall not count as pins down and shall be respotted. Any pin or pins knocked down or falling AFTER the bowler steps on or pushes the pedal or button that actuates the re-set mechanism of the machine shall not count as pins down.

PIN SPOTTERS STICKING 26. If the pin spotters stick in manual pinsetting, whether on the first, second or third ball, all pins must be respotted and player must re-roll frame.

INTERFERENCE, WRONG LANE, ETC. 27. If any player rolls on the wrong lane or iolls out of turn, c, is interfeied with by a spectator or otherwise, or if any of the pins he is playing at are knocked down or disturbed in any way before ',is ball reaches them, or if his ball, atter being fanly bowled should come in contact with any obstacle on the lane before reaching the pins, or if he bowled before all the piiw were set up, the ball shall immediately be declared "dear and the player shall roll again, after replacing the pins as they were belare such ball was rolled. Ilowever, if one or more bowlers on the other of the two lanes being used also rolls on the wrong lane, then no corrective action shall be taken and the game shall continue as though the lanes actually used were the pron.'r lanes. OFFICIAL DUCKPIN RULES 85 RETURNING PIN STANDING UP 2S Should a pin leave the lane, return, and stand up on the lane or shouldpin be knocked down awl stand up again without leaving the lane, the same shall be declared a not down and the player must roll again at the pm, unless it should be on the third ball. Provided, however, if a pin returns and stands up on any part of the lane outside of the area covered by the pin deck it shall be counted as a pin down

PROTESTS All protests as to interpretation of playing rules must be mildto the captain of the opposing team, or to official in charge of an event, whichever the case may be, before the bowler in question conies up to bowl the next bail, or in the case of thelast box of a gam.:, iimmnately atter it shall have been bowled. Should the player, or players, be allowed to roll the next ball in regular caterbeforetheprotestismade, no protestshall be given consideration. The foregoing paragraph shall not, however, prevent the film:: of a protest as to the use of ineligible players, violation of a league o. tournament rule, te , or for any violation not immediately apparent as provided for in the foregoing paragraph When a legitimate protest of a game or match is made by a team, it must be presented to the governing body of the league, orthe team captain, as a whole, if there be no governing body If the protest is proved valid, the governmg body of the league, or the team Captains as a whole shall rule and their decision will be EXCEPT, where the protest pertains to the use or an ineligible bowler 'n which case, the agpropriate rule covering the use of an ineligible bowler shall govern.

OFFICIAL SCORER 32. In all sanctioned events or league games there shall be an or boat scorer, whose. duty it shall be to keep a comet record of the game and at the rAarciusion thereof sign his or her name tothe same. Th.. captain of earn 'cam shall also sign the score sheet. It is the responsibility of ea,:h team Captain to obserie that the addoion of the scores during, and at the end of, a'tine, or games, is correct Official,corers and lekinestatisticiansinustcorrectall mathematical errors dis;:overed at any time, i.e. met ridual game totals added incor.e.tly. wrong handicii used, hanoicap figured wrongly, etc. It shrill he the responsibility of the league secretary and/or league striiitica,,n or official score, tverify the averages of all bowlers of the league throughout the .ea son, If a bowler's average is found to

86 13GW5 BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE put the team over team average Innit of the league the secretary and/or league statistman and/or official scorer shall immediately notity the Captam of the team involved. In traveling leagues the manage III ent of the establishment involved shall also be notified. When the coriectioi: of a mathematical error by the officialscorer or league statistician creates a tie game, such tie game shall be decided prior to the next regularly scheduled league match after the correction is made in accordance with the tie game rule regularly used in that league.

OFF.ZIAL ('UCKPIN I'I ES 87 SCORING THE DUCKPIN GAME*

A game consists of 10 frames or boxes. Not more than three ba are allowed for each frame or box. if all pins are knocked down by first hail itis called a strike, A strike is marked by an X. If some pins remain standing after first ball has been thrown and are all knocked down .vith the second ball, itis called a spare A spare is marked tints \ After making a strike you are allowed 10 pin, :n that box plus pins made with next two balls. After making a spate you are allowed 10 pins in that box plus pins made with next ball. If pins remain standing after first and second balls I.ave been 'own, third ball is rolled and you are allowed exact number of pins knocked down by three baIls. This is called a flat flame or x. Suppo,in first box you get nine pins with three balls and in second box you get a strike, score sheet will be marked thus:

Xi Li L L: 7:14 9 L

Counting 10 pins for the strike in the second box, you now have a total of 19 pins. llowever. no figure is written into second box yet because in addition to the 10 pins for the sifike, you are allowed all pins knocked down with the next two balls. On next ball after strike, first ball in the third box, you knock down 5 pins and on second ball you knock down 4 pins. This gives you a total of 19 pins for second box. plus 9 you have in first box, and total o be marked down in the seLond box is 28 On third ball you get 1:ie remaining pin for a total of 10 in third box Scoresheet Ix marked thus.

*Reprinted by permission of the Natnnbil Duckpin Bowling Congress.

88 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Infourth box you make a strike, and also infifth box Scoresheet will be marked thus:

T371;i ; Li Or L-1 9 28 1 38 I 1

Remembe:, to 10 pins for strike in fourth box you add all pins knocked down by next two balls. On first ban, after strike in fourth box, you made strike in fifth 'mx which gives you 10 additional pins, and on the second ball after strike in the fourth box, which is now first ball in sixth box, you knock down 9 pins. You now complete fourth box score which is 29 pins for that box 10 pins for original strike, 10 pins for first ball after strike (in the f.fth box) and 9 pins for second frill after strike (first ball in the sixth box) making completed fourth box score 67 For fifth box score you have ahead} rolled one ball after maim- strike (first ball in sixth box) knocking down 9 pins. You IIJroll the second ball of sixth box getting remaining pin foi a spare That gives you 10 pins to be added to original 10 pins for fifth box strike, a total of 20 pills for fifth box. Scoresheet will be marked thus.

3 38 61 87 L

ill the seventh bcx you Let 8 pins on first ball This, added to 10 pins for spare in sixth box. gives you a total of 18 pins for this box, making total for sixth box 105. Ot: -cond ball you do not hit any pins but get one pin with third ball for a total of 9 pins in box Scoiesheo will be marked thus

-7-- i ---T-7-. ---; -I. --: ^A .1 ----1. 1 ---Si I.- ,_..; L_ ' 9 28 i 38 61 81 105 ' 114 I n I L In eighth box you get 7 pins with all three balls and in ninth box you getallpins with two balls for a spare. SCO esht etwill be marked thus'

ri-- L..

9 28 38 61 81 I 105 114 121 -- - 1 _ SCORING THE DUCKPIN GAME 89 In the tenth box you make a strke. As you made a spare in the ninth box you add these 10 pins made on strike to the 10 pins for spare and ninth box score is 14 iYou 'enth box strike entitles you to Mo additional balls to be rolled at once (a spare in the tenth box entitles you to one additional bah). With these two palls you get a total of 9 pins. These ale added to 10 pins made on strike and final score of game will be marked thus:

1*---M4---*ig

I 9 1 28 38 I 67 87 I 105 114 121 141 160 160 L I 1 I 1 I

90 DGWS BOWLINGFEIW INC GUIDE TENPIN RULES AND REGULATIONS*

SCORING THE GAME Rule 1. a. A game of American Tenpins shall consist of ten frames. Each playe: shall tow' two balls in each of the first nine frames except when she shall make a strike. A player who scores a strike or spare in the tenth frame shall deliver three balls. b. Aballislegallydelivered whinitleaves the bowler's posseseaon and crosses the foul line into playing territory, A bowling ball must be delivered entirely by manual means and shall not Incorporate any device either in the ball or affixed to it which is either detached at time of delivery or is a moving part in the ball during sielivery except that any person who has had her hand or major portion thereof al ritated may use special equipment to aid in grasping and dzliverin2.. the ball providing the special equipment is in lieu of the amputee's hand. c. Where an artificial or medical aid is necessary for grasping and delivering the ball because of any other disability of the hand or arm. permission 1-i use the aid in sanctioned competition may be granted by the WIBC under the following conditions: I The aid does not incorporate a mechanical device with moving parts which would impart a forct or impt,tus to the ball. 2. Avwdces.cription or drawing and mode: of the aid is furnished 3. A doctor's certificate describing the disability together with hisrecommendation that the aid should be used is furnished If permission is not granted. the claimant shall have the right of appeal to the MC Legal Committee. Should permission be granted for the use of an artificial or medical aid, a special identification card (not a WIBC membership card) will be issued the applicant indicating that the aid may be used insanctioned competition providingthe bowler has acurrent membership card and the use of the aid rs specifically authorized by the league or tournament anagement. Permission to use the device may be withdrawn for cause.

7 i I t 6 : T 8 9 10

"N_; L/121_U.13_113 1,; :1191 D:12 1Z -JA: 8;

30I 51 1 18 85 1 95 i 104 124 1 143 1152 180

Reprolted pertnoston of the Wonicis International Bowling Covuess. TENPIN f/LES AND 11EGULATIDNS 91 STRIKE Rule 2. A strikei., recorded when the player completes a legal delivery and bowls down the full setup of ten pins on the first ball. It is designated I. a x) in the small square in the upper right-hand corner of the frame in which the complete set of ten pins Is bowled down with the first ball. The count in each frame where a strike is bowled shall be left open until the player has completed two more deliveries The. maximum count on one strikehen followed by a spare is Al. CJUBLE Rule 3. When aplayer bowls two strikes in successionlegally delivered, she shall have scored a double The couilt in the frame where the first strike was bowled shall be left open until the player has completed her next delivery. When all pins are downed twice in succession, the count for the first strike is 20 plus the number of pins knocked down with the first ball of the third frame following. The maximum count on a double figuring a nine pin count on the first ball following the second etrike is 29.

TRIPLE OR TURKEY Rule 4.In scoring three successive strikes,the player shall be credited with 30 pins in the frame in which the first strike was bowled, Thus, in a game of ten full frames, a player must bowl 12 strikes in succession in order to bowl a game of 300.

SPARE Rule S. Any player who bowls down the remaining pins with a legally delivered second ball in any frame has scored a spare A spare is designated by a (j) in the small square in the upper right-hand corner of the frame in whichitis made. The number of pins knocked down after the first delivery before the player bowls for the spare should be marked by a small figure in the upper right collier of the frame. The count in such fri.ine proper is left open until the player shall have bowled her first ball in the next frame following, when the number of pins knocked down by the first ball shall be added to the ten pins represented by hem spare, and the total shall be credited therein When a spare is scored in the tenth flame, a third ball shall be bowled in that trame.

ERROR Rule 6. A player shall have made an error when she fails to bowl down all ten pins after having completed two deliveries in a given 92 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE No lecognition for and awards by the National Duckpin Bowling Congress cal' be given I or any individual score in which a substitute ( !leaning a boss lei substituting toi another bowler who has already started the game) is involved

DUMMY SCORE AS PINFALL 6 The dummy score,is regularly established by league rule, shall count as pintail in every instance for the team being obliged to use such dummy score, and also for league awards if the league so determines

PLAYING LANES 7The lanes immediately adjoining each other shall be used in all games. The contesting teams shall successively and in regular order roll one frame on one lane, and for the next frame alternate and use the other lane, so alternating Laeh frame until the game is completed The teams nmst start the tollowing game on the same lanes on which the tenth trame of the previous game was rolled. Except that, td the option of a league, two frames may be rolled consecutively on one lane by each bowler on the team before alternating lanes. Where this procedure is followed the teams will start each succeeding game on the opposite lane from which the tenth frame of the previous game was lolled. This exception shall apply to leagues only and then only at the option of the league The captain of the visiting team shall be allowed choice of the lanes

MACHINE BREAKDOWN 8. When one machine on a pair of lanes using automatic presetting machines "breaks down" duling a league match or in any tournament and another pair of lanes is not available for use, then thebowlers "SHALL" continuerolling on one laneuntilthe "broken down" machine is again in operation, at which time the bowlersshallresumebowlingaccordingtonormal,regular procedure. During the period that the bowlers are bowling on one lane, the bowlers shall alternate in proper order as if bowling on two lanes, i.e., the leadoff bowler on one team being followed by the leadoff bowler on the other team, then the second bowler on the one team, followed by the second bowler on the other team, etc. If a machine breakdown occurs during a league match or in any tournament necessitating moving the bowlers to another pair of lanes, the bowlers will change lanes and continue the gamein the Dame then being rolled, and shall remain on these lanes until the OFFICIAL DUCKPIN RULES 79

!lame provided the pin, sett standing atter the lust ball is bowled do not constitute a spht Ap error is designated a () in the small squaw in the upper rigfit-hand comet of the tiame in \ Inch the error 1 \ made the number of pins knocked Jowl after the fistdelivery. betore the pla cm bossIs atthe remaining pins. should be marked the upper light come; of the twine The count in e.ery frame v here an mos is committed \ht.!l be recorded immediately following the play er's second delp.cr,

SPLIT Rule 7.A split shall be a setup of pins remaining st tinting alter the ;list ball has been legally delivered provided the deadpin is down. old /SI( 71 II 1, 11 (1717.1111 111 completion of their scheduled match, unless there is a bieakdon on these lanes This iule may be enforced to cover any number of breakdowns BOWLING PROCEDURE flie games shall consist of ten frames on cad side. Three balls shall be allowed in each frame, to be lolled one ate tune. All strikes and spares made in the tenth frame or any extia frame, shill' be rolled ot I before leaving the lane, and on the same lane made strike or spare made on the roll-oft of one made in tenth frame shall not be included in totals for season. No pins shall be conceded. All pintail to be acciedited to a bowler must have been knocked down because of and by action of a legally delivered ball. No game can be started until the preceding game is finished, i e. the leadoff bowler shall not start the succeeding game until the anchor man of theopposing teamhas completedrolling the preceding game. WHO SHALL ROLL FIRST 10 Bowlers should bowl as soon as the pins have been set up on their lanes. In the event of a controversy as to who shall bowl first in the last box of a game the bowler on the right shall bowl first, completwg the box. STARTING TIME FOR LEAGUE PLAY

II Play shall begin at the starting time fixed by the (this means the exact stalling time no grace period allowed). Should only three or four players be ready at that time, the teani shall start with the prayers that are present and should the other players appear AT ANY TIME during the game, they may be added and begin play in the frame then being rolled by the lean' Dummy scores, as fixed by the league, are to be used for all prior frames for such tardy players. No bowler will be allowed to catch up any frame that has been missed. If thew is not a legal team present at the starting time fixed by the rules of the league, the game or games shall be declared forfeited. All games must be rolled by the team claiming the forfeit. Forfeits cannot be claimed the first 4 weeks of a league schedule when a league has an odd number of teams and organizational work is being done to round out the league, postponements or make-up matches must be allowed in this case A team can forfeit only one game at a time. Those players who are present at the start of the 1_ one may roll for their individual average and score but the opposing team must 80 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE

PINFALL ILLEGAL Rule 9.When any of the following incidents occur the ball counts as a ball rolled, but pins knocked down shall not count ( ) When pins are knocked down of displaced by a nail w Inch leaves the lane before reaching the pins (2) When a ball rebounds from the 'ear cushion (3) When Nits come in contact with the body alms or legs of human pin setter and rebound (4) standing pin which falls when it is touched by mechanical pillseit mg equipment, or when dead wood is iemoved, ofis knocked down by a human pulsate!, shall not count and must be ieplaced on the pin spot inscnbd on the pin deck whets it ougmaily stood before delivery 01 the ball I kJ ..Ll 111,1 r,1111111 of the legal delivery of the ball by the player may becounted Every frame must be completedat the time the player regular order is bowlin6 In her

REPLACEMENT OF PINS Rule 12.Should a pin be broken the game, it shall be replaced or otherwise badly damaged during at once by another as neaily,uniform ur weight and condition as possiblewith the set in use The league, tournament officials shall in all or replacement of such pins. cases be the judges in the matter of A broken pin does notchange the score made by number ot pins knocked down a bowler The pia is replaced. ale counted, atter which the broken

BOWLING ON WRONG LANE Rule 13.When only one player or the lead-off on both teams on the wrong lane and the bowl has boss led, a dead ball shallerror is discovered befoie another player to tebowl on the correct lanets)be declared and the play,er(s) required When more than one player on the same team hasbowled on the wrong lane, the game shall be completedwithout adjustment and the next game shall be startedon the correctly scheduled lane In singles in tch playcoMpellti,where a plater not mally bowls two frames each tune itis her turn to bowl, and a player the wrong lane for these bowls on two frames, a dead ball shallbe &elated and the playel requiredto Lebow( both frames piovidm,the error is discovered on the correct lanes player has made a Jegal prior to the time the opposing deliveryIt the error is not discovereduntil the opposing player has bowled,the score shall count and the shall be required to bowl her play ei subsequent frames on theconed lanes. BALLS .- PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Rule 14.Bowling, balls usedinthe game and marked by owners are conside ed private and other their piohi,nted from using the participants in the game ale use. same. unless the owner consentsto such

Note A bowling ball shallnot be mole than 16 pounds weight after drilling. in

FOUL - DEFINITION OF Rule 15. A foul is committed. withn- pintail being inedited to the player although the ballcounts as a ball rolled. whena bait ot tht. TENPIN RULES AND REGULATIONS 95 bowler's person encroaches upon or goes beyond the foul line and touches any part of the lane, equipment or building during or after e\ecuting a legal delivery. A ball is in play and a foul may be called after legal delivery has been made and until the sameor another player is on the approach in position to make a succeeding delivery. If the player coconuts a foul which is apparent to both captainsor one or mole members of each of the opposing teams competing in a league or tournament on the same pair of lanes where the foulis committed, or to the official scorer or a tournament official. and should the foul judge or umpire through negligence fail tosee it committed of an ABC approved automatic foul detecting device fails to record it. a foul shall nevertheless be declared and so recorded.

DELIBERATE FOUL

Rule 16. If a player deliberately fouls to benefit by the calling ofa foul. she shall be immediately disqualified from further participation in the series then in play and her place may be taken by another player. The deliberate foul shall not be allowed. A player who willfully throws her ball Into the gutter shall be immediately removed from the game and series and her place may be taken by another player if no substituteIsavailable to take the place of the removed player. her team shall be credited only with the pins knocked down up to the time the player was disqualified plus one-tenth of her absentee score for each of the remanung frames in the game

FOUL COUNTS AS BALL BOWLED Rule 17. A foul ball shall be recorded as a ball bowled by the player, but any pins bowled down when a foulis committed shall not count. When the player fouls upon delivering the first ball of a frame, all pms knocked down must be respotted, and only thosepins knocked down by the second ball may be counted. If she bowls down all the pins with her second ball after fouling with the first. it shall be scored as a spare. When less than ten pinsarc bowled down on the second ball after fouling on the first, it shall be scored as an error. A player who fouls when delivering her second ball of a frame shall be credited with only those pins bowled down with her first ball, provided no foul was committed when thefirstba'l was delivered. When a bowler fouls during the delivery of her first ball in the tenth frame and bowls down all ten pins with her second ball (making a spare), she bowls a third ball and is credited witha spare plus the pins bowled down with the third ball. When a player fouls while deliverini., her third ball in the tenth frame, only thosepins bowled down in delivering her first two b ills shall be counted.

OGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE AJBC Rules Covering Organizationof Leagues* DEFINITION AND QUALIFICATIONS Rule 100. Any leagueconsisting of four or more mmunum of two members, per team, teams with a and bowling according toa prearranged schedule shall bedefined as a league, andmay be sanctioned with the American JuniorBowling Congress Rule 101. Singles leagueswith a nnnimum of four may be sanctioned. Juniors bowling junior members with adults in leagues whereno cash or merchandise prizesare offered may also be sanctioned AJBC. by Editor's Note: Awaids to both adult and juniorbowlers in adult-junior leagiws must beconfined to awards permitted their state under the AJBC in eligibility rule Themaximum value per award as outlined in thecurrent AJBC Program must be followed for both adults andjuniors. Rule 102. Such league, if sanctioned,shallI6v.1its schedule regularly as provided in its Constitution. Rule 103. AJBC leagues may consist of all boys or all girls,or boys and girls. Leagues may be organizedto include bowlers of all age levels in the same league, butAJBC special awards individual's age division. are based on Elio

Editor's NoteAJBC age divisions basedon individual's age as of August I of the currentseason are: Bantams 12 years of age and tine:, Juniors 13 thru 1$ years of age Seniors 16 thru 21 years of age

MEMBERSHIP MEMBERSHiP DUES Rule 104. Membership in AJBCis open to all boys and girls, qualified under the AJBC eligibilityrule, who have not reached their 22nd birthday on or beforeAugust 1 of the current bowling Once sanctioned under this year. rule an AJBC number isan eligiI)Ic bowler until July 31 of thecurrent bowling year, unless suspension. under Rule 105. The AJBC currentmembership year runs from through July 31 of the following August 1 expire on July 31 year. Junior membership shall of the season in whichissued except that membership will continue lo be valid in tournaments until OL'obec 1

'Reprinted with permission of the AmericanJunior Bowling Congress. AJBC RULES COVERING ORGANIZATION OF LEAGUES 97 fol those who are under 22 years of age onAugust 1. In addition membership issued in a league which starts itsplaying schedule on or after March 15 shall be valid for thefollowing season for those who are under 22 years of age as ofAugust 1. Rule 106. The AJBC membership fee shallbe 50 cents per member which shall be submitted to the local AJBCassociation along with a anindividual leaguesanctionapplication(FormAJ-6)and membership application (Form AJ-14)for each member. The sanction application and membershipdues must be filed with the local AJBC association secretary within 30days after the start of the league's schedule. Supplementary leaguemembers must complete an individual membership application (FormAJ-14) which shall be submitted to the local AJBC association. The payment of one AJBC membership.fee entitles the member toparticipateinanynumberofleagues.AJBC members participating in a league other than the leaguethrough which they are sanctioned must complete anindividual membership application (Form AJ-14) for eP ,ii league in which theyparticipate Rule 107. The local AJBC associationshall be permitted to charge an additional 50 cents as itsportion of the membership fee tohelp defray the cost of local services to the AJBCmembers in the area. In no case shall the combinedmembership fee for an AJBC member exceed 51.00. Rule 108. Membership Iii AJBC can beobtained through a league only. No unattached memberships are given.In a league comprised entirely of junior bowlers, allparticipants must be members of AJBC. In adult-junior leaguesill juniorbowlers must be members of AJBC if the league is to be issued anAJBC sanction. No league will be accepted for sanctioning directly to theAJBC office. [Ethtor's NoteIf there is no local AJBC association servingthe area the sanction applicationwill be filed through the ABC local association.

Rule 109. A league whose sch«:ule begins on orafter August 1 and before March 15 is classified as a winterleague. A league whose schedule begins on or after March 15 andends prior to October Iis classified as a summer !cape. Any league endingafter October I will be classified as a winter league inthe following bowling season. All members of such a league arc required topurchase the following season's membership cards. Where the number of junior bowlers is constant oneach team in adult junior leagues all AJBC awardsshall be made available. Where the number is not constant, the juniormembers shall qualify for DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE 98 special awards. League awards in such leagues shall be made availible upon special application to AJBC. Rule 110. AJBC Eligibility Rule Members of the American Junior Bowling Congress may (atBowl l'ortrophies, medals, emblems or other symbolic awards withinthe maximum costfor suchwards as established by the state high school athletic asscmation their state (b) Bowlineventswithinany maximum traveldistance allowance add died bytheirstatehigh school athletic association. (c)In the year of their graduation from high school compete in events offering college scholarships or grants in aidif bcm ling scores do not constitute more than filly percent (50'3) of the considerations for determining the recipients of such awards Such events must conform with the state high school athletic association eligibility rules. Travel expenses must be disbursed by an adult except in instances where an AJBC member is personally paying his own expenses Any inembe- of AJBC, or any individual under the age of twenty-two (22) who is not a member, ho howls, substitutes or pacesinanytypeof bowling competition where money or merchandise prizes areoffered on thebasis of bowling score, bowling skill or position standing. shall be ineligible for AJBC membership as of the date of such participation NoteMerchandise prizes shall be construed to include any mize of commercial or intrinsic value such as, but not limited to, free bowling game(s) bowling equipment, personalized or otherwise vacation trips trading stamps, etc.

Theperiodofineligibilityfor AJBC membership shallbe determined in conformance with the individual state high school athletic association rules by the State Junior Association Secretary acting on behalf of AJBC. Such individuals shall be advised in writing of the period of ineligibility, which shall be a minimum of sixty (G0) days but not to exceed one year. Any bowler suspended or disqualified from or denied AJBC memtk. ;hip by reason of this Jule may make written application for membership privileges to the local association secretary, but such application cannot be granted until the applicant has concluded the specified period of ineligihlit; during which time he has refrained from competing in AJBC sanctioned competition and all bowling competition where money or merchandise prizes are listed as awards Action on such application will be considered in accordaiwe with tbs. AJBC RULES COVERING ORGANIZATION OF LEAGUES V

provision Of this rule and therespective state high school association eligibility rule. athletic Ineligibility remains effectiveuntil the individual has been notifiedin writing by the state junior association secretary of their reinstatement.

The AJBC Eligibility RuleApplies: 1. To AJBC members and to applicants for AJBC membershipwho violote the rule prior to suchapplication. 2. To any type of bowling competition leagues, tournaments, open play,television events.etc.. - whether sanctionedor unsanctioned, sanctionableor unsanctionable. 3 To bowling. substitutmgor pacing 4 Whether thereis on behalf of the otherwise, payment youngster, personallyor or nonpayment to a prize fund,acceptance of or refusal to accepta prize or portion thereof: counted or not being counted. scores being Rule 21. Derogatory Conduct. When a bowleris suspended from membership in the AmericanJunior Bowling Congress for derogatory to the best interest conduct of the game, he shall beprohibited and disqualified fromthereafter playing with league or tournament until any AJBC sanctioned reinstated by the AmericanJunior Bowling Congress. Any suchteam which shall knowingly play disqualified player shall forfeit such all games in which suchplayer has taken part and such teammay be suspended from membership American Junior Bowling Congiess. in the

AJBC CODE The AJBC suggests this code as a guide to bowlingproprietors. instructors, coaches, and othersinterested in junior bowling assure a program of wholesome to environment, protected athletic eligibility, healthfulrecreation. and fun for young citizens. No alcoholic beverages shall be served or consumedin the area where members of theAmerican Junior Bowling engaged In AJBC functions. Congress are AJBC members shall refrain from smoking during thetime any AJBC function in which theyare participating is in progress. AJBC members shall not play pinball machines whileany AMC function or school bowlingactivity is in progress.

100 DGWS BOWLING- FENCING GUIDE

I Bowling Bibliography

JUDITH CLARK State University College of Arts and Science at Oswego, New York SONJA ROACH Lewis & Clark High School Spokane, Washington

Books American Association forIlealth,Physical Education,and Recreation.Ideas for I3owling InstructionWashington. D.C.: the Association. 1970. Amtrican Junior Bowling Congress.Playwg Rules 1972-73 Season. Milwaukee, Wisthe Congress, 1972 Armbruster. David A.. Irwin, Leslie W and ,husker, Frank F.Basic Shills in Sporty4th ed St Lotus. C. V. Mosby Co.. 1967 Belltsimo, Lou The /low/er'sManual.2d ed. Englewood Cliffs. N.J Prentice-II:ill, 1969. Ind Neal, Larry. Bouquig 1.nglewood Cliffs, N.J.. Prentice-Hall. 1971. Brocr. MarionR. ctal.//id ridua/ SportsJugWomen. nth ed. Philadelphia. W. 13. Saunders Co , 1971 Chapin, Kim "Obviously It's a Leith( Plot "SportsIllustrated 34 (May 1971). PP. 24 Casady, Donald andLi ha, Mane.Beginning Bowling.2ded. Be Imont, Calif Wadsworth Publishing Co.. 1968. Decker, D. and Sutton. W. "Include Bowling in Your Activity Program."School /fermi ties38 (March 1967), pp. 12-16 alcaro, Joe and Goodman, Mill lay. Butchng Jo/ All. Rev ed New York Ronald Press Co.. 1966 Latham. Helen "The Fashionable Spoil." The It'oinunlmelei 33 (Sept1(/69). Levine, Sam Who Are You Going to FellIt To""The Woman Bowler 33 (Oct.1969). Martin. JoanBowling2d ed. Dubuque. IowaWilliam C. 13:own Co.. 1971 McCue, Betty. Phystea/Pdllt al/1111A(111111/1101II,mzen,Riverside, N.J.. Macmillan Co , 1969

BOWLING BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 Health.Physical Miller.Oral0. "Blind 13mling.Journal of 42 (A pril 1971). pp. 59-60. Education. Recreation Teaching Bowling, NationalBowlingCouncil.The Guide to Washington. D C.: the Council,1967. League Secretary's Handbook,Model Constitution. Washington. D.C.: the Council.n.d. and Officers' Duties. Washington. National Duckpin BowlingCongress. Rules,1972-1973. D.C.: the Congress. 1972. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co..1970. Schank, Carol.Bowling. Goodyear Showers, Norman E.Bowling.Pacific Palisades. ('alit.: Publishing Co.. 1969, New York. A. S. 13aines & Taylor. D.The Secret of Bowling Strikes' Co.. 1960. Individual and Yawner. Maryhelen andPoindextel, Daily Beth. Team Sports for Girls andWomen.2d ed. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Co., 1968. W1BC Bowling Average Women's International BowlingCongress. Greenda. Wis.: the Congress,1970. Calculator. Wis.' the it'/BCPlaying Ruler Book,Greendale. Congress, 1972. hi 11C Bylaws Book. Greendalc.Wis.: the Congress. 1972. W1BC Annual Report.Greendale.Wis : the Congress. i 972.

DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE 102 Selected Bowling Research

BONNIE HULBERT The University of Wisconsin, Madison Bennett. M. Jeanine "The Effect of "Three Instructional Approaches to Urhveiy on Development of Accuracy m Boa ling of Iligh Sam)! Master's thesis, The University of Washington. Seattle, 1"69. Bierscheid, Robert L. "A Study of the Effects of Utilizing Three Meth ids of Programmed Instruction on Selected Motor Skills in Bowling and the Knowledge of Bowling Etiquette and Safety." Master's thesis, Temple University, Philadelphia. 1969. Browning, Fred M. "The Effect of a Selected Grip Strengthening Exercise on Bowling Score." Master'sthesis,FloridaState University, Tallahassee. 1966. Cronan. Joan C. "A Comparison of Two Methods of Teaching and Scheduling Beginning Bowling." Master's thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 1968. Curtis, Joyce NI. "The Effect of Four Method: of Spare Conversion Involving Variations in Pont of Aim on Boating Achievement of College Women." Doctoral thesis, Ii (liana University, Bloomington, 1970. Gansel, Alice K"The Effect of Limited Visi vilityIn Teachiie. Beginning Women BowlersSpotBowling."Master'sthesis, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1970. Haas. Mary Ann Monk. "The Relationship of Kinesthetic Acuity to Bowling Performance for Beginners." Doctoral thesis, University of Iowa. Iowa City, 1966. KachadorianWilliam A. "An Energy Cost Study of Bowling Master's thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1966. Klatt,Lois. "A Comparison of Factors Related to Force and Direction of Force in the Performance of Above Average and Superior Bowlers." Master'sthesis,University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1965. LaPlante, Marilyn, "A Study of the Problem-Solving Method of Teaching Bowling." Master's thesis. University of North Carolina, Durham, 1965. Lewis, Audrey E. "A Comparison of Three Methods of Teaching Bowling to College Women." Doctoral thesis, George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn., 1965. Liba, Marie R., ;Ind Harris, Chester %V. "Relationship of Selected Variables toAbilityto Handle a Bowling Ball American Education Research Jou, nal 2(1965). 113-120. SELECTED BOWLING RESEARCH 103 Liba, Marie R., and Olson, Janice K. "A Device for Evaluating Spot Bowling Ability."The ResearchQuarterly 38May 1967), 193-201. Lloyd, John R. "An Experimental Study to Determine the Relative Effectiveness of Two Methods of Aim in Teaching Beginning Bowling" Master's thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1969. Martin, Joan L. "Bowling Norms for College Men and Women."The Research Quarterly31 (March 1960). 113-116. Pomo, Geraldine J. "The Relative Effectiveness of Two Methods of Video-tape Analysis in Learning a Selected Sport Skill " Doctoral thesis, Univei,ily of Iowa, Iowa City, 1970. Rychman, Richa..1 M. "An Exploration of the Characteristics of Winning and Losing Teams Under Conditions of Intra-League Competition. A Field Study." Doctoral thesis, State University of New York, Buffalo, 1968. Singer, Robert N., and Beaver, Robert. "Bowling and the Warm-up Effect "The Research Quarterly40 (May 1969), 372-375. Smith, M. Elaine. "A Study of Two Methods of Teaching Beginning Bowling to College Women." Master's thesis, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 1966 Stafko, John M. "A Comparison of Hook and Straight Ball Bowling for Beginners " Master's thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University lark, 1969. Strand, Kenneth II. "The Effect of Selected Physical Variables on Pin Fall fcr Various (lead -pin Hits in Bowling." Master's thesis, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1970. Walkup. Mary Jo Coleman. "The Predictabilityof Successin Bowliut: and Badminton." Doctoral thesis, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1966 Widule, CarolJ. "A Study of Anthropometric, Strength, and PerformanceCharacteristicsofMen andWomenLeague Bowlers." Doctoral thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1966.

104 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Bowling Visual Aids

Revised by JOYCE CURTIS Abilene Christian College Abilene, Texas FILMS* menca Bowls at the ABC. 161»»), 15 nun., sd., b&w. Free loan 13) Presents the l960 ABC Tournament. Includesmany scenes of tournament play featuring Joe Mimi), Buzz Fazio, Joe Norris, Buddy Bomar, and Don Carter. Bowling. Set of four uhnstrips, color. Sale sound $42.50, silent S37.00 (2). Currently being revised. Unit I: 1 hesport history, equipmentselection,etiquetteUnitII delivery grip, annswing, steps, and releaseUnit III: aiming how to use "range tinder- system for spot bowling,covers hook, straight. and back-upball.Unit IV: scoring explainedin simple, easy-to-understand terms. Bowling. lOmm, 15 min., sd., color. Free loan (3).Entertainment film, showing scenes of Don Ellis perfoiming trickshots in bowling. Bowling Fever. 16min, 12 nun., sd., b&w. Free loan (3)Presents bowling techniques and the pleasures to be derived frombowling Bowling Funihunentals 16nn, 15nun., b&w. Rental $5.00 (4). Problems of beginner with progress throughinstruction in grasp, stance, approach, release of ball, and follow through. Decision. 16mm, 20 min., sd, color. Free loan (3) Story of how a woman's discoveryofbowling developed new friends and interests. Duckpin Bowling. Ionu, 20 nun., sd, b&w. Free loan (3). An interesting Id11 1 about Duckpin Bowling everybody's game. Ilistoly of bowling and basic mstinebonson how to enjoy the sport. Fun on the Lanes. Y Ming A menea Goes Bowling.16mm, 17 min., sd., b&w. Free loan ( I ). 1964 AJBC leaguein action Shows formationofleague,electionofoti.cers,leagueplay, season-ending awards banquets. King of the Pins. 16111'11,10 nun., sd, b&w. Free loan (3) Shows Joe Wilman, includes slapstick comedy by BuddyMichell, but is instructional as well as entertaining. Let's Roll with the Champions. 16inm, 15min , sd., b&w. Free loan (3).FeaturesSt. LouisBudweiser bowlingteamwinch

*Numbers in parentheses refer to film distributors listedon p. (10.

BOWLING VISUAL AIDS 105 demonstratesbasicfundamentalsofbowling andperforms precision trick shots New llori:ons. 16mm, 20 min., color, sd. Free loan (3) Informative film about how a bowling ball and pin are made A trip to one of the Brunswick factories shows the making and operation of the Ant omatic Pinsetter. On The Spot 16m in,121/2 min. sd.Freeloan(1,3,5 1.The importance of choosing a target on the lane over which to roll the ball is demonstrated by Dick Weber, Dave Davis. and Judy Cook. Several basic spare pickups arc explainedFilm utilizes slom, motion, stopaction, overprinteddiagrams. andsplit screen presentations. Tell Itto the Gills. lomm, 22 min., sd. Free loan (5). Describes WIBC's services, as told by a typical league member. Tenpin Showcase.16mm. 181/4min., sd., b&w. Free loan(1). Includes highlights of ABC Tournament, college champions, and Master's Tournament. 7.o The Foul Line16min, 121/2 nun., sdFree loan (1,3,5). Dick Weber demonstrates arm and backswing. the walk to the foul line, and proper ball release. Judy Cook shows how to do it, feminine style.Filmutilizesslowmotion, stopaction,overprinted diagrams, and split screen presentations. Top Star Bowling 16min ,sd.,50 nunb&w. Flee loan(3). Brunswick has made available 49 filmed matches from the current Top Star Bowling Television Series. Programs' 7 Joy Abel vs Marion Ladewig, 20 Shirley Cares vs LaVerne Cartel, 33 Judy Audsley vs. Marion Lademg. and 46 Joy Abel vs. LaVerne Carter. Who's Keeping Score. 16min. 12 min , sd., ce'01. Free loan (5). An interesting and informative film about the latest innovations in bowling theBrunswickAutomaticScore:completely eliminatesmanualscotekeepingandaddsmorefunand excitement to the game through its computerized system.

FILM DISTRIBUTORS (1) American Bowling Congress, Film Library, 1572 F. Capitol Dr , Milwaukee, Wis. 53211. (2) The Athletic Institute, 805 Merchandise Mart, Chicago,III. 60654. (3)131 unswick Corporation, Bowling Division Film Library. Don 11111, 200 S. Chester St., Park Ridge. III. 60068. (4) ROA's Films, 1696 N. Astor St., Milwaukee, Wis. 53202. (5) Women's International Bowling Congress, Film Depart 'cut, 1225 Dublin Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43215. 106 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE FREE AND NOMINAL COST MATERIALS A Secretary's Handbook. American Bowling Congress, 1572 E. Capitol Dr.. Milwaukee, Wis. 53211. Beginning Bowling The Athletic Institute, 805 Merchandise Mart, Chicago, III. 60654; 350. Better Bowling and flow It's Done. Any Ebonite Ball dealer, free. Bowler's Manual. Women's International Bowling Congress, 1225 Dublin Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43215; free (revised). Bowling Film Guide. Bowling Proprietors Association of America, Inc , III S. Washington, Park Ridge, Ill. 60068; free. Bowli*,g's Great. .. for Fun and Fitness. AMF Bowling Products Group, Jericho Turnpike, Westbury, L.I., N.Y. 11590 Bowling Guide 1968-1969. Smbbe Sports Publications, Inc., 80 South Indian Rocks Rds., Largo, Fla. 33540; 500. Candlepin Handbook for Better Bowling. Bowl-Mor Co., Newtown Rd., Littleton, Mass. 01460; 250. Duckpin Bowler's Handbook National Duckpin Bowling Congress. 711 Fourteenth St., Suite 501. Washington, D.C. 20005; 250. The Four Kinds of Bowling. Macf: Wen Bartell Corp., 205 E. 42 St., New York, N.Y. 10017.500. Bow to Have the Most Bowluz,Fun. National Bowling Council, 2000 L St., N.W., Washington, ..C. 20036; single copies free. //ow to ImproveYour Bowling.The AthleticInstitute, 805 Merchandise Mart, Chicago, III. 60654; 500; condensed booklet 100. //ow to Keep Score.Various bowling manufacturers. Generally available at local sporting goods stores; free. How To Keep the Averages and Handicaps of a League. Amelican Junior Bowling Congress, 1572 E. Capitol Dr., Milwaukee, Wis. 53211; free. How To Organize and Conduct a School of Bowling. American Junior Bowling Congress, 1572 E. Capitol Dr., Milwaukee, Wis. 53211, free How To Score. AMP Bowling Products Group, Jericho Turnpike, Westbury, L.I., N.Y. 11590. Roll On to Better Bowling. American Visuals Corp., 460 Fourth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016, free. Secrets of the Stars. Any Brt nswiek dealer, free. Ten Pin Tips for Teenagers. AMP Bowling Products .,roue, Jericho Turnpike, Westbury, L.1., N.Y. 11590.

BOWLING VISUAL AIDS 107 DGWS Fencing Committee' 1971-1973

NANCY L. CURRY,Chairman,Southwest Missouri State College, Springfield 65802 JULIA JONES-PUGLIESE, PastChairman,Hunter College, New York 10021 KIT BOESCII, 5823 Hackers Dr., Big Cedar Lake, West Bend 53095 ELOISE N. CLARK, Daytona Beach Community College, Daytona Beach, Fia. 32015 MARY F. HEINLCKE, Lawrence Univ., Appleton, Wis. 54911 LISEL K. JUDGE, Brandeis Univ., Waltham, Mass. 02154 BETTY A. KEENAN, Iowa State Univ., Ames 50010 GERI KISLER, Univ. of Wisconsin, LaCrosse 54601 DOROTHY L. MOODY, Tennyson High School, Hayward, Calif. 94611 BARBARA B. PILLINGER, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison 53706

1973.1975

MARY F. IIEINECKE,Chairman,Lawrence Univ., Am Teton, Wis 54911 NANCY L. CURRY,Past Chairman,Southwest Missouri State College, Spnngueld 65Y^- MARY ALPIN, Nimsylvimi I State Univ., 101 ''t; Ilall, University Park 16802 ELOISE N. CLARK, Daytona Beach Community College, Daytona Beach, Ha. 32015 BARBARA IIOEPNER, Univ. of California, 200 Hearst Gym, Berkeley 94720 GERI KISLER, Univ. of Wisconsin, LaCrosse 54601 SUE PERNICE, Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute 47809 JO ANNE SAFRIT, 'Jim. of Wisconsin, Madison 53706

'Current Guidematerial was prepared by the 1971-73 Committee. Material for the 1974.76Guide willbe prepared by the 1973.75 Committee.

108 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE For Fencing TeachersWho Know Litt It, aboutthe Sport

MARY HE1NECKE Mary Lleiner:ke is anassociate professor of physical at Lawrence University, Appleton, education degree from Valparaiso Wis. She received her B.A. University, Valparaiso, Ind.,and her M.Ed. from Miami University,Oxford, Ohio. She Wisconsin State Open Fencing was the years and was nationally rankedChampion for the pastJive recently coauthored in 1968 and 1969. She has a book, Fencing, with MaxGarret for Allyn Bacon, published,ii 1971. A considerable amount of workisrequired to becomea competent fencing teacher. Unlikevolleyball, baseball, basketball tennis, badminton, squash (groups or of sports which havecommon elements), there are fewaspects about fencing that other experiences you have can be related to had. The physical educationteacher is often assigned to teachan activity about which she knows Underestimating the difficulty of little. teaching fencing does the teachera great disservice. Keepingone lesson ahead of the students help her confidence. While does not teaching fencing is noteasy, the end results far exceed the amountof input. As in other teaching situations, beginning fencing teacher the most crucial factor fora is her attitude. A display ofenthusiasm, a willingness to learn fromher mistakes, and the students learn the activity desire to help can be extremely helpful. Fencingdoes not enjoy a widespread popularitydue, in great part, to the of teachers willingor able to teach it. Many schools dearth money in equipment which lies have invested lack of interest. unused for lack of teachers not What can you do to improve fencing and how can your knowledge and technique of you help your students learn thesport? llow can you prepare yourselfto become a fencing teacher learn some of the basic skills? and 1. Join the Amateur Fencers amateur body which League of America (AFLA),the with the AAU, NCAA,governs fencing competition andworks and the OlympicCommittee. An associate membership fornoncompetitors is S3 peryear and entitles you to receivea periodical and an official rules Many instruction materials book. office. For information, are available through the AFLA contact the AFLA Secretary,33 62nd Street, West New York, NewJersey 07093. FOR FENCING TEACHERS WHO KNOW LITTLE ABOUT SPORT 109 2. Contact the following persons in your geographical area for informationaboutfencingactivitiesand competitions: university and high school coaches, the state DGWS fencing chairman, and the divisional AFLA secretary whose name can be secured by writing to the AFLA. Get to know the local fencing enthusiasts and experts. Attend as many classes and competitions as possible, introduce yourself to those in charge, ask questions. and observe the fencing. 3 Read books. usGuidelistsmanypublications(see Bibliography, pp 166-68). Past DGWSGuidesare of great help. While the amount of material published about fencing does not compare in quantity to that for many other sports. the available material is high in quality and usefulness 4. Arrange to take some lessons. Many metropolitan areas have at least one fencing master or group. A series of lessons will help you to improve and develop your own technique and to observe how the skills are taught. 5. Take advantage of workshops in the teaching and officiating of fencing. Local DGWS fencing chairmen, the AFLA division, and university groups conduct such workshops from time to time. There you will meet others with similar concerns and your questions can be answered. 6Arrange to have the more experienced competitive fencers in your area pc' form a demonstration for your classes or for the entire student body. If your facilities are available, invite groups to conduct a work: hop at your school. 7Ask questions and write to people whose ability you respect. Never feel that anyone is too busy to be of help or that you are not sufficientl well versed to communicate with the experts. 8. Practice. Go through the techniques before a mirror, observing yourself and correcting faults. Ten to15 minutes of daily practice on basic techniques either by yourself (advancing, retreating, lunging, recovering, and combining these skills) or with another person (simple attacks and defense) will pay off handsomel, 9.If you haveavideotape, observe and evaluate your own performance. Also, devise productive ways of using this machine to help your students observe and evaluate their skil s. 10. Review kinesiological principles of mechanics and loovement, and apply them in analyzing techniques in terms of base of support, direction of movement, balance, mobility, distance, control, and trajectories. 11. Join the National Fencing Coaches Associai ion of America (NFCAA),composedoffencingteachersandcoaches. Membership is S15 per year and entitles you to receive a 110 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE perioThcal and to be in contact with a professional group. For information, contact the NFCAA President, 622 East Oakside Street, South Bend, Indiana 46614. flow can you, with a minimum of experience, help your students learn and enjoy fencing? I. Use a beginning progression that seems logical to you. Many books provide such progressions. 2. Apply the same sound educatioval principles to fencing as you do to any othersport.use some problem-solving techniques; demonstrate the whole, then the parts, and then the whole again; evaluate the performance and then redo it. 2. Make the students work hard. They will come back tired and a little sore the first few times, but they will begin to see what the future can hold in combat, excitement, and challenge. 4. Develop a daily routine that includes the following aspects: Warmup. Emphasize this phase particularly at the beginning of the course. The knees, legs, and arms require special attention. Before lunging each class period, do sonic gradual stretching of the adductors and hamstrings and exercises to condition the quadriceps. Do not use duck waddles. If you use situps, be certain to use the hook-lying position so that the abdominals rather than the thopsoas are strengthened. FootworkMobility is a cardinal requisite. Advancing and retreating qvickly with varied patterns and recovering either forward or to the rear from a lunge arc necessary to enable a fencer to vary and control his distance. Work at this singly and in pairs prior to introducing the lesson. Something old. Review the previovs day's lesson and relate it to the current lesson. Use various methods for review Something new. Teach one new concept or technique each day. Enid many different ways to approach each idea. booting. Once the footwork and a basic attack and defense have been learned, introduce bouting on a vei y small scale. This is a wonderful motivating device. Establish your own restrictions, but give the students a chance to apply what they have learned. S. Teach a few skills well rather than many superficially. In a 6- to 10-week period, students should learn the following positions and movements well: on guard, salute, advance, retreat, extension, lunge, recovery, straight attack and disengage attack, parry 4 and parry 6, plus a bit of booting. If your group works out daily for that length of tune, you may want to add attacks and defense in the low line, circular parries, the beat attack, and variations on all attacks. Ilowever, do not sacrifice the basics for quantity. FOR FENCING TEACHERS WHO KNOW LITTLE ABOUT SPORT 111 6If your fencing program is startingwith a small select group of students through GAA, a senior electiveclass, or a letter club, let each person becom, "expert" in oneskill and work with that person m helping him sharehis expertise with others Learn with your students. Once you have taken the plunge, you maydiscover that fencing is your "thing." If not, youwill certainly discover that you have provided your students with a chance tolearn an activity that may become a lifetime adventure for them.

112 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Teaching Foil Fencin( with Improvised Equipment ELOISE NEWELL CLARK Eloise New:, Clark (B.S., M.A.) has taught and coached fencingattheUniversityof NorthCarolina,Stetson University, De Land, Fla., and Daytona Beach Community College, where she is presently located. She attended the Second National Institute and has conducted clinics in Florida. She headed fencing for many years at Camp Ton-A-Wandah, Hendersonville, N. C., and is a member of AFLA and NI:CAA. For a number of years, elementary and high school physical education teachers have confronted college instructors after fencing demonstrations to inquire as to the means of introducing fencing into their programs. Always the cost factor seemed to raise its ugly head. Consequently, college instructors would suggest improvisation. However, this suggestion was made with no facts or research to support it. Could it really be done? Daytona Beach Community College decided to implement the idea of teaching youngsters with improvised equipment. The results were presented to a Region 2 Workshop of the FloridaAHPER. Since foil fencing rarely has been introduced on the elementary school level because of factors such as initial equipment cost, fear of teaching a combative sport to undisciplined children, lack of trained instructors, and lack of sports identity the challenge to solve these problems began to formulate ideas in the author's mind. Using a dowel first occurred while observing a child "play fencing" with a yardstick. Then noting the apparent success of A. John Geraci with six and eight-year-olds, further encouragement was received to implement the ideas.' With the Florida AIIPER workshop, a program was planned using sixth graders as participants. Since the Highland Elementary School was located adjacent to the Daytona BeachCommunity College gymnasium, it was possible to start with 33 volunteerstudents. Permission notes were sent to the plrents with one requirement that the student plan to perform in the workshop demonstration. The 33 boys and girlsbegan their12 lessons in movement fundamentals with dowels, meeting twice a week for about 40 minutes (or during their actual physical education period).Tennis shoes and activity clothes were required. The dowels werefurnished

' "Com tnunity Plan,"American Fencing (May 1968), p. 1 S. TEACHING FOIL FENCING WITH IMPROVISED EQUIPMENT 113 b) the college. Each dowel was 24 x 3/4 inches. The 6-inch handle was sanded and the rest of the dowel was painted red or white. Since the most important problem was to maintain safety with the dowels in a relatively hyperkinetic group, each student was taught constantly how to use self-discipline and master complete control of the dowel so that the hands of his partner would not be hit. No touches were made against the body since the parries were taughtwiththeattackingtechniques.Infact,alltechniques appeared to be routine movements, and the students liked to hear the soundof the dowel "clicks"inparrying.Discipline was maintained by treating the group as one would marchers or formal gymnasts, removing the undisciplined child to watch and learn. Consequently, an esprit de corps prevailed. Only a whistle was needed to stop action to repractice a technique. The position of the hand in the en guarde was demonstrated with the hand in the supine position, thumb out to the right, and index finger straight ahead then the three aid fingers were clo..ee. As the al in was extended in the thrust. the children rotated the haad to the left so that the index finger appeared to be "shooting a gun," and the thumb was now on top. Then the dowel was introduced, using a grip which molded the thumb along the length of the wood with the index finger cupping the dowel in the middle phalanx. From this pointforward,thecorrect grip was maintained and checked throughout the mobility exercises. Quite frequently a student would be seen outsideofclass shootingatanother with the thrust technique. After introducing five or six individual style salutes, the basic platform of theen guardeposition was introduced. Youngsters of this age are not as self-conscious as older students, and they accept the flexed knee sitting position. This was followed with extensive work in mobility - advance, retreat, lunge, and recovery forward and backward.allof which required no equipment. With the platform established, work proceeded with the upper area, including the arm extension or thrust, control of point, parries 6, 4, 8, 7, two semicircular parries. disengage, cutting-the-line, cutting-over, beat, glide, bind, envelopement, and counter parries. Terminology was quickly acquired. However, no attempt was made to explain fencing or its objectives. The thrust-lunge, where contact was made only against the wall, was performed 25 times each session before the lesson began. The students gained additional practice on their own time at home. Techniques and drills were taught to two groups on a competing team basis, permitting as much fun as possible. but always emphasizing precision and esprit de corps.

114 OGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Demonstration At the Region 2 Workshop, 24 "surviving" students were given the chance to show off their newly acquired dowel skills. They marched into the gym in two lines, gay.; three appropriate salutes, then demonstrated Noce each offensive and defensive techniqueas well as mobility exercises Upon completion of the demonstration, feeling rather proud, they marched to the side of thegym, where they were quickly dressed in fencing jackets, masks, and givena foil forthefirsttime. Puzzled,engrossed, and excited over the completely unexpected turn of events, they were marched back to their previous places, carrying the foil as they had carried the dowel. They completely forgot the audience and proceeded to demonstrate the same techniques although with somewhat greater effort than before because of the longer foil. Keep in mind that their entire training was composed of disciplined commands ona group basis similar to the training in marching or gymnastics. Theysoon forgot the mesh wiring of the mask and the longer blades. The learning transfer was completed. The fun now developed with their first attempt to make a touch and not be touched in return. Since this experiment, the author has used dowels in high school and college classes to illustrate the point that basic techniquescan be taught early and the transfer of learning is very good. At the present time, a club group of New Smyrna Beach High School students are learning the techniques with dowels and garden gloves until their orders of personal equipment are filled. Thus far, the group has increased in membership rather than declined,as is often the case in volunteer membership. As students master the techniques of footwork and dowel control,theywill want toprogress tofoils and professional equipment. If the schools cannot or will not furnish such equipment, the course could be called "Movement Fundamentals with Dowels." But somewhere, sometime, the student will comein contact with an "equipped" program or will acquire his own equipment. Then the basics he has learned will be quickly recalled. Consequently, the instructor can feel that she has done her part in exposingmore children and students to the art and fun of fencing.

TEACHING FOIL FENCING WITH IMPROVISED EOUIPMENT 115 What a Fencer Can Do To Help Herself Develop

CHARLES R. SCHMITTER Charles R. Schmittcr is a graduate of the University of Detroit. For 30 years, he has been the fencing coach at Michigan State University. East Lansing. He received a diploma from the National Academy of Fencing, Naples, and has studied with Santelh, Castello, CabHos, and Giuseppe Mangiarotti of Milan. Ile is a member of the National Fencing Coaches Association of America, an organization which he founded, and a member of the Helms Foundation of Fame.

Fencing has much in common with music in that it requires talent and dedication. The fact that there are not more good fencers is due not to a lack of ability but a lack of dedication which motivates the individual to steady, intelligent practice. The teacher can impart ideas which must then be built into the person by her own efforts. Below are some exercises which will help to develop point control, mobility, and the skill to move the hand purposefully while the feet automatically do their part. These exercises have been used for many years with success by those who persisted

Point Control Exercises Stand within thrusting distance of a target 15 to 18 inches square. Cover the fourth line and extend, bitting a preselected spot. Repeat several times Close the eyes and extend, trying to but the same spot. If you are off the spot, placethe point, close the eyes, and concentrate on the "feel" of hitting that spot. Repeat the above in sixth, seventh, and eighth. This exercise may also be done using counter parries and half-circle parries. When these are becoming controlled, compound parries may be used. This exercise is a variation of the blindfolded lesson. Emphasis should be on control. Extend the arm and make circles of 8 to 10 inches in diameter with the fingers or wrist; avoid "whipping" the blade to form the circles. Cultivate the ability to hold the circle at the top of the exercise. Repeat in all directions. If the arm begins to tire and tense, rest awhile. Five to 10 minutes of this exercise daily will result in control and endurance. If the fingers are used, the hand is also strengthened. 116 OGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Mobility Exercises Practice combinations of advances, retreats, lunge, advance-and-lunge, balestra, gain (advance. moving the back footup to the front) and lunge, lunge with recovery to the front, double lunge, Jump backward from the lunge, and the guard position. These should be done daily if possible Every practice period shcald begin and end with fundamental footwork practice. The exercise should be done precisely eoneentrating on correctness and speed.

Hand and Foot Exercises From the guard position, practice a series of advances and retreats, extendingthe arm randomly during the process,i.e., advance-advance and extend,retreat,and returnto the guard position. This type of exercise leads to the ability to fence with the hand and the head while the feet do their part automatically. Pay specialattentionto thepractice of retreating and attacking Changing direction from retreat to attack is difficult and needs practice. Most of the above attack exercises may also be doneusing the fleck Care must be taken not to fall into the trap whichensnares many beginnersa too liberal use af the Peche. The fencing master can plant seeds in a student's mind butno fruitwillresult unless the student cultivates the tools provided above.

WHAT A FENCER CAN DO TO HELP HERSELF DEVELOP 117 Fencing Visual Aids BARBARA BAXTER PILLINGER

BarbaraPi !linger,asumma cum laudegraduate of the University of Illinois, received her M S degree iiphysical education from Smith College, Northampton, Mass She also holds masters and doctoral degrees in psychology from Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass Her Radcliffe College fencing team won the New England Wonzen's Intercollegiate Fencing Chaniplonship in 1963, 1964, and 1965. She presently teaches at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Numbers in parentheses refer to film distrioutors listed at the end of the article.

16mm Films Basic Training of Foil Fencing. 22nun., b&w, sd. Sale. 5135, rental: $12, film #7024. (7). Rental only. S4 per week, film #3K024. (8). This film was made by master fencers and Olympic coaches at the Hungarian College of Physical Education in Budapest. It has a good presentation of basic training in foil fundamentals, including fencing distance and invitation, conditioning exercises, and offensive and defensive practice routines. The film utilizes slow-motion, still, and some trick photography Recommended for experienced fencers. Fencing-1964 Olympics-Tokyo, Japan.B&w. Rental. S5for a three-day period. (2). This film features the training, competitive techniques, and boating of the world's outstanding male and female fencers, as well as the Olympic victory ceremonies. Unlike other films, this film shows complete bouts. All the APIA films seem to have waiting lists! Inquire at same source for possible i 972 Munich Olympic films (there is apparently no fencing film available from the 1968 Olympic Games other than personal 8mm home movies). Excellentfor intermediate or advanced fencers. Foil Fencing: Judging and Directing.30 mm., sd., color, b&w. Rental fee not determined at time of review. (8). A doctoral project by Susanne Pernice at the University of Iowa, this new film is fully narrated. No guide or manual is necessary. The film is dividedintosixsections:( I)freefencing,(2)officiating terminology, (3) officials' positions and duties on a model strip, (4) a director and four judges in action, (5) viewer self-testing on officiating decisions, and (6) a brief introduction to electrical equipment. The self-testing sectionis shown twice, enabling 118 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE students or teachers to check their own scoring accuracy. This filmfillsa long-awaited need for more effective training of women fencing officials, especially in the art of directing. FoilFundamentals.B&w. Rental' SS for a three-day period. (2). This film is interspersed with descriptive titles by Maestro George Santelli. It is an excellent presentation of salute, en garde, and footwork, as well as a clear portrayal of offensive and defensive skills (attacks and parries). There is only one copy of this film and a waiting list, so write early. Instructional Film on Fencing.1939. 14 min., b&w. Available for sale or rental. (4). This film by J. Martinez Castello is an oldie but goodie. The filmemphasizes form,control, progressive "building," and practice routines, and suggests a particularly good exercise for deceiving parries. The Wm is a bit slow-moving but picks up later onIt follows TheTheory and Practice of Fencing by Julio Martinez Castello (New York Scribner's, 1933). Slow motion and closeups help the viewers see the details so inherent w goodfencing.ProfessorCastello demonstratesa proper sequence for an individual foil lesson, a sort of classic lessonwith an old master. The bout at the end of the film has aCharlie Chaphnesque quality - my students laughed heartily! A classic of its type. Let's Take A Trip.B&w, sd. Available for rental. (2). This film was originated by Sonny Fox, television personality. Made at the New York Fencers Club, Itis good for general audiences and public information purposes.It has an excellent presentation of foil, epee, and sabre techniques and bolding. Man of Peace,B&w. Rental: $5 for a three-day period. (2). Ralph Faulkner, former Olympian, stars in Ons film originally prepared for TV Fireside Theatre. Based on the Olympic creed that participationis more important than winning, this excellent "propaganda" film features the sport of fencing to emphasize qualities of sportsmanship. Omnibus.B&w, sd. Rental. S5 for a three-day period. (2). This outstanding international film was originally prepared by the Ford Foundation for television. It introduces all three weapons and has excellent cinematography. Itis probably the best film available to introduce fencing. Highly recommended for classes, fencingclinics,'Ind general audiencesto arouseinterestin fencing. Write early there's a waiting list.

Loop Films Fencing With the Foil.Series of 19 loops, color Designed for use in either a Technicolor or Kodak Super 8mm cartridge projector. Sale. S 18.95 each, $342 series.(6). Maxwell Garret, fencing FENCING - VISUAL AIDS 119 served as consultant.The coach atthe University of Illinois, foil demonstrators include MichelAlaux, 1968 U.S. Olympic Gay lor, 1967 NCAA foilchampion, New team coach, Michael Seppala, 1969 captain ofthe Bunter York University: and Anne frame" and slow College fencing team.Stop action or "freeze to emphasize keyskill techniques. The motion sequences help accompanies each film same small loopfilm guide on foil fencing separately for 2St. cartridge. The guide mayalso be purchased find the loops somewhatslow-moving My students at Wisconsinfilming unclear at times, e.g.,itis not and repetitive and the to fit the always easy to see theblades. The captions do not seem basic,atrifleboring, and movements. The films arevery Foil toSelberg'sfilms (see Modern unexciting compared also bothered me abit.I Techniques below). The sequences present parry 6 before found itdisconcerting, for example to movement and parry 4. when parry4 is a much more natural The individual lesson(loop #19) also easier for students to learn.desired, such as captions toexplain the left something to be of the film) action in 1972, theAthletic Institute (distributor of their offered a free projectomwith an order of 30 or more films Check with themfor current offers Sports Techniques loop Institute will send of this type. Withpersistence, the Athletic "convention materials" (usedfilm loops) for preview purposes. enthusiastically Recommended but notSeries of 20 loops. 3 min. ea.,color. Modern Foil Techniques.Technicolor Super 8nun loopfilm projector Designed for use in a each. $380 (projectors can be includedin the package). Sale: S22 series was preparedby Charles A. Se lberg, series. (3). This new of California-Santa Cruz.Simple fencing coach at the University in content, theloops are inpresentation, yet sophisticated A separate designed for eitherself-instruction or classroom use. accompanies each film cartridgeand contains printed study guide suggestions for running andierunning the objectives, observation clearly labeled film, as well as practiceroutines. The films are which point out correcttechniques, with superimposed captionsdetailed analysis of each move.The more common errors, and a Most actions complicated maneuvers areshown in slow motion. from several viewpoints tofacilitate a clear are photographed techniques involved. One ofthe features of understanding of the thus a clear demonstrationof common errors, this series is instructor with limitedknowledge enabling a physical educationincorrect position and/oltechnique of the sport to recognize an The Lunge: #'7 easily. A preview kitof three films (#4 Direct Ripostes; #13 Feint Attacks) is High line Parries and Expensive,but highly available from the distributor. DGWS BOWLING- FENCINGGUIDE 120 recommended. A superb instructionaid for both beginning and more advanced fencers. Filmstrip Beginning Fencing, 1959. 35mm,color. Sale: 551.75. (5). by the Atketic Institute under Prepared the direction of MaxwellGarret, University.;fIllinoisfencingcoachTwo sound accompany the four filmstrip units: (1) records Fencing, (2) Elementary Offense, Introduction to Foil (4) Strategy and Tactics. (3) Elementary Defense,and Also available are relatedbooks that may be used in conjunction with thefilmstrip: Maxwell Garret's Fencing Instructor's Guide(1960) and How to Improve Fencing (1959) The iatter Your booklet will be replacedin 1972 by Feacuig, a handbook in thenew Sports Techniques the Athletic Institute. This series from filmstrip has been aroundawhile but it's still good. Its chief liabilityis lack of movement. Other Visual Materials Fencing Chart. An attractive 17"x 22" chart showing 28 black and white pictures from Fencingby Hugo and James Castello York: Ronald Press, 1962). (New free of charge to teachersIlugo Castello will sendthese charts or coaches who wish touse them for clinics, workshops, etc. Excellentfor the bulletin board. (4). Modern Fundamentals of FoilFencing. A boxed portfolioof 16 11" x14"black and white photographsby A. John Geraci, photographer/fencer and West Pointfencing coach. Illustrations cover basic positions, attacks, andparries. Excellent photography on quality paper $7.50, pluspostage. (1). Modern Fundamentals of Foil white slides of the above GeraciFencing. Sixteen 35mm blackand included, $16, plus postage. (1).photographs. Instruction sheet Collectors' Edition FencingPrints (circa 1763). Six 8" lithographed prints copied from x 10" the first English edition ofhenry Angelo's Escole Des Armes,an early treatise on fencing. This English edition was dedicatedto the English princes, the York and Gloucester, who Dukes of were Angelo's pupils. Reproducedon quality antique weightpaper, these prints capture fencing's historical and romantic past. Unique prizes for classtournaments and for the bulletin board. S6,Plus postage. (1). Distributors (1) A. John Geraci, 279 E. NorthfieldRd., Livingston, N.J. 07039. (2) Amateur Fencers Leagueof America, 33 62nd St., York, N.J. 07093. West New FENCING - VISUAL AIDS 121 (3)Bill Snyder Films, P.O. Box 2784, Fargo, N.D. 58102. (4) Castello Fencing Equipment Co., 836 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10003. (5) Society for Visual Education, 1345 W. Diversey Parkway, Chicago, Ill. 60614. (6) The Athletic Institute, 805 Merchandise Mart, Chicago, Ill. 60654. (7) University of California, Extension Media Center, 2223 Fulton Street, Berkeley 94720. (8) University of Iowa, Motion Picture Production Unit, East Hall, Iowa City 52240.

122 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Listing of Qualified Directors for Foil Competitions

LISEL K. JUDGE LiselK. Judge obtamed her B.S.degree from Boston University, and her M.S. degree from NortheasternUniversity, Boston. She is associate professor of physicaleducation at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts,and director of Women's Physical Education and Athletics. Beforeaccepting the position as fencing coach at Brandeisin 1953, she had won manychampionshipsinGermany,was New England Champion for many years, and was ranked thirdnationally. She was the first woman to be acceptedas a member of the National Fencing Coaches Association and foundedthe New England Intercollegiate and the New EnglandInterscholastic Women's Fencing Associations. She was New EnglandDGWS fencing chairman for many years and conductednumerous clinics and workshops. She has also appeared severaltimes on television and radio. Her fencing team at Brandeishas always been one of the most outstanding in New England.

ALABAMA* Belser, Thomas A (0)** 535 E. Samford, Auburn 36830 Auburn University Hamer, Les (0) University of Alabama Engineering Dept., Birmingham 35233 Jordan, John R. (0) 10103 Todd Mill Rd., S.E., Hunts- ville 35803 Jovaras, C W. (0) 108 Acton Ave., Birmingham 35209 Rea, Robert R. (0) 768 Cary Dr., Auburn 36830 Auburn University

ARIZONA Jennings. Patricia (C) 5652 E. Silver St., Tucson 85716 296-5825 *This /.itof directors was Compii,(1 in the winter of 1971, there willinevitably oe ,ome outdated information. For updated information, contactU.S. Commission on Fencing, Rules and Officials, Chaba M Pallaghy,99.11 Queens Blvd , Forest Hills, New York 11374.

**C=Coach 0=Official

LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 123 CALIFORNIA

Angell, Miss Tommy (0) 50 Florida, Berkeley 94707 Appice, Frank (0) 8602 Guilford Ave., Whittier 90605 Biagini, Gerard (C) 755 87th St., Daly City 94015 Samuel Gompers High PL 6-8971 School Bleamaster, Leslie II (C) 516 N. Harbor St., Fullerton 92632 Fencers Club 526-5453 Bleamaster, Virginia (0) i 349 Shadow Lane #G, Fuiterton 92631 Borack, C. (0) Box 324, Beverly Hills 90213 Bower, Muriel (C) 19718 Stagg St., Winnetka 91306 San Fernando Valley 882-1329 State College Calvert, Delmar (C) 53421/2 Russell Ave., Los Angeles Los Angeles Athletic Club 90027 467-8901 Christie, K. (0) 5645 Parkmor Rd., Calabasas 91302 Christman, Ronald (C) 5030 Hartnett Ave., Richmond 94804 233-8616 Clovis, G. (0) 9160 Fairview Ave., San Gabriel 91775 Edelman, Richard (C) 1725 Oxford St. #6, Berkeley 94709 Elliot, J. (0) 20 Ave. 17,#1, Vornee 90291 Etter, P. (0) 10661 Wilkins Ave., Los Angeles 90024 Faulkner, Ralph (C) 17281/2 N. Wilton P1., Hollywood Faulkner School of Fencing 90028 HO 2-9356 Filerman, Bernice (0) 216 N. La Peer Dr., Beverly Hills 90211 Franklin, Janet (0) 865 Sungrove, Brea 92621 Franzzini, Ron (0) 538 W. Brookshire Ave., Orange 92665 Fuertes, C. (0) 1143 Hatteras St., North Hollywood 91601 Greenblat, Dan (0) 6324 Lake Albano, San Diego 92119 Helliwell, Jean (C) 2240 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto Stanford University 94304 323-0924 124 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE 1' 1

Hermanson, Alvar (C) 3660-10 Vista Campana N.,Ocean- k San Diego State College side 92054 757-5911 lloepner, Barbara (C) 6645 Heather Ridge Way,Oakland 94611 Hurley, Mike (0) 10740 Challenge Blvd., LaMesa 92041 Jesseph, Margaret (0) 225 Lake Dr., Berkeley94708 Johnson, Emily B. (0) 1250 Ellis #11, San Francisco 94109 Lamp], J. (0) 1785 Bel Air Rd., Los Angeles No 90024 Linkmeyer, B. (0) 5105 Fulton Ave., ShermanOaks Linkineyer, Fred (C) 91403 872-0956 McDaniel, Chuck (0) 540 S. Poplar, Brea 92621 McDougall, John (C) P.0, Box 134, Aromas95004 American Fencers Supply 722-1883 Company McKee, John (C) 3624 Surfwood Rd., Malibu90265 459-1101 McQuade, Joseph (C) 2289 Union St., San Francisco 94123 346-6653 Mark', Ferene ;C) 556 19th Ave., San Francisco 94132 Mitchell, M. (0) 585-0057 Moody, Dorothy L. (0) 10060 Hemlock, Fontana92335 6645 Heather Ridge Way,Oakland 94611 Morales, Al (0) 938 4th St., Santa Monica Morris, William (C) 90403 Napa College 2580 Utah St., Napa 94558 Mutschenbacher, S. (0) 3139 Dona Maria Dr., StudioCity 91604 O'Brien, William (C) 574 39th Ave., San Francisco 94121 221-1749 Orr, Veral (C) 5517 Wilsey Way, Carmichael 95608 Palffy-Alpar, Julius (C) 105 Kenyon Ave., Kensington University of California- 94708 Berkeley Rayser, F. (0) 525-3286 2632 St. George St., Los Angeles 90027 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 125

4 Reelmon, Jo (C) 4275 Pasco De Oro, Cypress 90630 California State College 527-5070 at Long Beach Rivera, F. (0) 333 S Oxford Ave., Los Angeles 90005 Romary, J. (0) 4959 Dunman Ave., Woodland Hills 91364 Rosato, Mary (0) 20508 Leapwood #32C, Gardena 90247 Schweitzer, Don (0) 431 Rospaw, Placentia 92670 Selberg, Charles (C) 507 Lighthouse Ave., Santa Cruz University of California- 95060 Santa Cruz 426-6179 Shaw, Robert (0) 1 349 W. Central, Brea 92621 Tatum, John (C) 3569 Silver Spring Rd., La Fayette 94549 Turney, Eleanor (0) 601 Curtis St., Albany 94706 Vandenbos, Alex (0) 2301. Montwood, La Habra 90631 Vince, Joseph (C) 320 N. Crescent Dr., Beverly 1 lills 90210 Van Somogyi Zoltan) (C) 1506 La Vista Del Oceano Dr., U.C.S.B. Santa Barbara 93105 962-2652 CANADA Apsimon, John W. (C) Carelt on University, Colonel by i)nive, Ottawa 237 -2222 Backman, E. (C) 388 Winchester St., Winnipeg, Manitoba DeKafka, Lorain 236 Starlight Ave., London, Ontario Regina Mundi College 455-1252 Ilennyey, Emre (C) 786 Bnar 11111 Ave., Toronto, University of Toronto Ontario 787-8056 Kleiszter, Ernest (C) 1307 Wilson Ave., Toronto, Ontario Downsv'ew 247-8034 Vamos, Stephen (C) 414 Victoria Ave,, Westmont, Westmont YMCA Quebec 489.3236 Wood, Kenneth (C) 24 Leith 11111 Isd., Willow Dale, Ontario COLORADO Davulonis, Alex (C) 11428 Larson Lam, Denver 80233 1em:ers Book Store 466-2132 126 DGWS BOW LI NG-Fi:NCI NG GUIDE Giele, John (C) Adams State College, Alamosa 81101 Lindsay. John (C) 2701 Alexander I)r., Littleton 80120 771-034) Toth, Nicholas (C) USAF Academy, Qtrs. 6307 B, Colorado Springs 80840 47 2 -1 194

CONNECTICUT Andre, William (0) Good Hill Rd., Weston 06880 Boyea, Douglas (C) 105 Black Rock Ave., New Britain 06052 223-1638 Bublich, A. (0) 130 Nutmeg Lane, East Hartford 06108 Ellsworth, James (0) 208 Ilunyadi Ave., Fairfield 06430 Garbatini, Romo lo (0) 127 Portsea St., New Haven 06519 Glassman, James (0) 85 Laurel Rd., Hamden 06514 Jones, Uriah (0) Box 212, R.D. #2, Durhan Rd., Killingworth 06417 Marafioti, Barbara (0) 95 Belltown Rd., South Glaston- Marafioti, Bud (0) berry 06073 Marmer, D. (0) Upper Butcher RFD 1, Rockville 06066 Moore, Burton (0) Pin Oak Lane, Westport 06880 Panchenko, Miron (0) 382 Myrtle Ave., Bridgeport 06604 Reuter, S. (0) RFD #3, Box 455B, Gales Ferry 06335 Ruben, Alan (0) 1665 Main St., Glastonbury 06033 Ryan, Mark (0) 1133 Galloping Hill Rd., Fairfield 06430 Shailer, Ken, Sr. (J) 25 Buchfield I)r., Watertown 06705 Shailer, Ken, Jr. (0) Spinella, Ralph, Sr. (0) 19 13ridlespur I)r., Waterbury 06708 Vebell, Edward (0) 9 Quenton Rd., Westport 06880 DELAWARE Owings, Roger (C, 0) 1511 Lakewood Dr., Wilmington 19803 762-0267 FLORIDA Alexander, Dean (0) 1941 Northwest 194th Ter., Miami 33054 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 127 Fire Thorne Mobile HomeVillage, Brown, Ronald T. (0) 3250 W. Tennessee St., Lot171, Tallahassee 32304 Clark, Eloise (C) Box 687, New Smyrna Beach D.B.J.C. 32069 528-8058 Coll, Joan (0) 2020 Diplomat Dr., Clearwater 33516 Petersburg Colwell, Robert C. (0) 2959 Pinellas Pt. Dr , St. 33712 Delaney, Jan R (0) 3501 Orange Ave., L30, Tallahassee 32304 mi Dellis, Dean (C) 5865 Twin Lake Dr., South M 33143 665-2421 Forrest, Manny (0) 920 Oriole Ave., Miami Springs 33166 East- Heintz, Lucille (0, C) Sarasota Fencing Club, 4815 YMCA, AFLA Division ehester Dr., Sarasota Chairman Holden, Howard T. (0) 10505 S.W. 77th Ct., Miami 3316 Keisling, Jerry (0) 2375 Madrid Ave., Safety Harbor 33572 Springs McFarland, Ed (0) 1011 Swan Ave., Miami 331.,t Neal, John A. (0) Florid: vterian College, Box 7V./. Aersburg 33733 8400 S.W. .J7th St., Miami 33156 Sharfstein, Fred (0) Florida Presbyterian College, Box Smith, Hoke (0) 1029, St. Petersburg 33733 Strawbridge, Richard D.M.(0) 166-1 Crenshaw Dr., Tallahassee 32304 Rt. 7, Box 60, Tallahassee32301 Synionette, Victor (0) Florida Presbyterian College, Box Tench, 13111 (0) 1092, St. Petersburg 33733 Beach Trett, Sophia (0) 220 Diplomat Blvd., Cocoa 32931 23169 van Boross, Andrew(C) 2420 N.W. 168th St.. Miami GIliORGIA Kleen, George C (0) 3185 Edgemont Way, Decatur 30032 1551 41st St., Columbus 31904 Mani, Antonio (0) Cartesville Springs, John B. (0) 134 Leake St., Apt. 25, 30120 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE 128 HAWAII Gabra!, Warren (C) 1816 A Kinode St., Hilo 96720

IDAHO Boyles, Jean 1111 N. 18th St , Boise 83702 Boise State College 343.0919

ILLINOIS Calhoun, Lawrence (C, 0) 7655 Dempster St , Niles 60648 Notre Dame High School YO 5-4526 Cammack. Joan (0) 525 NV Adline Ave., Chicago 60657 Cornwall. Michael (0) 7539 Palatine Ave., (N.D.0 ), Chicago 60631 DeLannoy, Jacques (0) 212 Dennison Rd., Hoffman Estates 60172 Garrett, Maxwell (C) 910 NV Hill St._, Champaign 61820 333-0362 January, Allen (0) Leaning Tower YMCA, Niles 60648 Kan, Victor (0) 2120 W. Concord (UICC), Chicago 60647 Keen, Robert (C) 219 Columbia Ave., Park Ridge Niles Township High School 60068 825-3968 Kenyon, Karen (C) 716 Prospect St. Manor, Prospect Maine South High School 60056 394-0692 Mishunura, Tony (0) 3022 N. Sawyer (UICC), Chicago 60618 Morrison, Peter (0) Gordon Tech High School, 3633 N. California Ave., Chicago 80618 Mulhner, John (C) 1509 "Popp Lane, Glenview 60025 Nelson, Marvin (C) 5675 W. Washington Ave., Chicago University of Chicago 60644 ES 8-0159 Nishimura, John (0) 3022 N. Sawyer, Chicago 60618 Ostrowski, Robert (0) 4711 S. Kenton, Chicago 60629 Pickens, Leon (C, 0) 830 Mulford Rd., Evanston 60202 University of Illinois 869-1450 Remenyik, Charlotte (0) 765 3rd Ave., Des Plaines 60016 Russ, Voldemar (C) 50 S. Washington Ave., Minsdale Chicago Athletic Associ- 60521 at ion, Central YMCA College EA 3-6937 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 129 Schakin, Arthur (C) 1614 Normandy Dr., Champaign 61820 352-6829 Schopp, Robert (0) Box 518, Edwardsville 62025 Silverman, Lawrence (0) 175 \V. Jackson Blvd., Rm. A-I 625, Chicago 60604 Taylor, Roger (C) Box 51 , Franklin Grove 61031 Dixon Public School Vierhng, Phillip (0) 3235 N. Le Claire, Chicago 60641 Wis ler, Carl (0) 702 Glendale Rd. (U.1.C.), Glenview 60025 Workman, Vesley (C) 27 Estatesview Dr,, East St Louis, William Woods College 62203 618-4127, ext. 8 Zombolas, Anthony (0) 712 B.iena, Chicago 60613 INDIANA Coons, Federick (C. O) 50911annIton St., Bloomington Indiana University 47401 339-2610 De Cieco, Michael (C, 0) 622 E. Oakside St., South Bend University of Notre Dame 46614 291-686G Farrow, Ronald W. (0) 10250 Chris Dr., Indianapolis 46229 Foster, Jared (C, 0) 121 N. Terrace Lane, Culver 46511 Culver Military Academy 842-3648 Jock, James (C) 6323 I lolgate Dr., Fort Wayne 46806 745-5296 Kamke, Kenneth A. (0) 6144 Central Ave., Indianapolis 46220 Kramer, Martin (0) 625 W. Wellington, Indianapolis 46260 Langford, Walter (C) 1315 Otsego St , South Bend 46617 University of Notre Dame 233-9751 Lewandowski, Mark (C) Culver Military Academy, Culver 46511 Permce, Sue (C, 0) 720 Mary Lane, Terre Haute 47802 Indiana State University 299-4772 Short, Captain Melville ((') Box 302, R.R. #1, Culver 46511 Culver Military Academy 842-2905 Wahl, Henry (C) R.R. #8, Columbia City 46725 Indiana Institute of 691.4672 Technology 130 ()GM BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE KANSAS Dillard, John (CI 1050 Forest St., Kansas City 66103 TE 1-1462 lloo !man, Ted (^) 3117 Sennett, Wichita 67211 Sacred Heart College MR 2-8201

KENTUCKY Ibanez, Lester (0) 729 Edgecliff Rd., .-13,Coving- ton 41011 Seiler, Bill (C) 1302 Middletown Rd., Jefferson- town 40299 MAINE Wetherell, David (C) Flying Point Rd., Freeport 04032 MARYLAND Bujnovszky, Stephen (C) U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis 21402 DeLadrier, Andre (C) Route #5, Box 188, Annapolis 21401 757-3516 Doemeny, Laszlo (C) 305 W Philadelphia Ave.,Salisbury Wicomico Company Public 21801 Schools PI 9-4842 Holding, Charles (C) 2106 Prichard Rd., Silver Spring 20902 Maus, Carol (C) RFD #1, Box 13, Chapel RidgeRd., Goucher College Timonium 21093 252-820 Munson, Sam (C) 7761 Emerson Rd., Hyattsville 20784 577-6317 Oles, Richard (C, 0) 4803 Westparkway, Baltimore Johns Hopkins University 21229 Caroll High School 945-5359 Rose, Alan (C) Frostburg State College, Frostburg 21532

MASSACHUSETTS Asherman, Mike (0) 362 Memorial Dr., Cambridge 02139 Aylward, Lillian (0) 28 March Ave., West Roxbury 02132 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 131 Borzek, Scott (0) 8 Beacon St., Peabody 01960 Carfagno, Ed (0) 36 Hancock St., Boston 02171 Carlson, Vern (0) 26 Lakeshore Ter., Brighton 02135 Cetrulo, Larry (0) 14 Parker St., Cambridge 02115 Cohen, Larry (0) 22 Pinewood Dr., Framingham 01701 Dargie, Lawrence (C) 19 Thoreau Rd., Lexington 02173 Irrings, Mark (0) Harvard University, Winthrop 133, Cambridge 02138 Jennings, Chris 62 Katherine Dr., Peabody 01960 Judge, Lisel (C) Brandeis University, Waltham 02154 894-6000, ext. 260 Katkins, Zigurd (C) 530 Nahant St., Norwood 02062 Boston YMCA 762-1228 Keller, Tom Ilarvard University, Cambridge 02138 Li lien, Elliot (0) 83 Appleton, Arlington 02174 Marion, Edo (C) 357 Marlborough St., Boston 02115 Harvard University 267-2779 Mullorkey, Jack (0) 18 N. Central St., Peabody 01960 Pommares, Guy (0) 35 Brookline St., Cambridge 02167 Richards, Carla (0) 41 Central Ave., Newton 02143 Richards, Edwin (0) Rubin, Mike (0) 34 Maple Ave., Cambridge Sallee, Eric (0) 11 Lodge Rd., West Newton 02193 Schneider, Steve 103 Pleasant St., Lexington 02174 Surrette, Marc (0) 4 Prospect St., Stoneham 02180 Turk, Leonard (C) Federal St., Montague 01351 Vitale, Silvio (C) MIT, D,F. Dupont Athletic Club, Cambridge 02139 864-6900, ext. 4498 Wood, Roger (0) I larvard University, Cambridge 02138 Wright, Mary (C) 8 Sanborn St., Winchester 01890 Jackson College 729-0630 MICHIGAN Anderson, Elton (0) 17601 Cherrylawn, Detroit 48221 Bailey, John (C) 3376 Charles St., Trenton 48183 675-2421 Beeck, George (C) 8280 Crestview Dr., Warren 48092 Bender, William (C) 2800 Cranbrook Dr., Ann Arbor 48104 971-4881, ext. 313 132 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Bitonti, Frank (0) 8337 Esper, Detroit 48210 Bruce, Chuck (0) 19660 Jerome, #163, Roseville 48066 Campo li, James (C) 245 E. Minges Rd., Battle Creek 49015 962-9971 Clancy, Patrick (0) 14829 Mattetal, Detroit 48227 Copeland, Richard (0) 2968 Birch !follow D'Ann Arbor 48104, Danosi, Istvan (C) 16990 W. 12th Hill Rd., Southfield Danosi, Steve F. (0) 48202 356-4666 Gniewek, Conrad (0) 14571 Auburndale, Livonia 48154 Goering, William (0) 21460 Lathrup Blvd., Southfield 48 07 5 Ilartwig, Marie (C) 2650 Geddes Ave., Ann Arbor 48104 663-5020 Krieger, Byron (0) 18527 Flamingo Blvd., Livonia 48152 Laska, Melvin (C) 1376 E. Grand Ave., East Lansing 48823 332-4927 Lisowsky, Bogdan (0) 523 E. Bloomfield, Royal Oak 48073 Milazzo, Richard (0) 2720 E. Larned, Detroit 48207 Newcomb, Barry (C) 807 Johnstone St., Sault Ste Marie 49783 Perry, Richard (C) 94 Manor Ct., Birmingham 48008 University of Detroit 644-6174 Schmitter, Charles (C) 327 W. Elm St., Mason 48854 Michigan State University 677-5361 Simmons, Tyrone (0) University of Detroit, 314 W. Wuad, Detroit 48221 Valewski, Cathy L. (0) 14985 E. 12 Mile Rd., Warren 48093 Zygolewski, Janusz (0) 31639 Blair, Warren 48092

MINNESOTA

Dahl, Paul E. (C) 5525 Highway 101, Minnetonka Minneapolis YMCA 55343 935-1478 Hradetzky, Zoltan (C) 759 University Ave., St. Paul 55104 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 133 MISSOURI Bernardi, Robert (0) 873 Alanson Dr., St. Louis 63123 Droll, Arrilla (C) 6337 Alamo St., Clayton 63105 PA 5-4107 Edwards, Dan J. (0) 6435 Cecil, St. Louis 63105 Flow, Ken (0) 9104 Maureen, Affton 63132 Harcaut, Rene (0) 4066 Lindell, St. Louis 63108 Herkstroeter, Carl (0) 1691 Maldon Lane, Dellwood 63136 Pellicer, Stanley (C) 6317 Clayton Rd., St. Louis 63117 PA 5-6212 Schopp, Robert (C) 1220 E. Normal Ave., Kirksville Kirksville College of 63501 Osteopathy & Surgery 665-6234 Willis, Charles (0) 310 Northinoor Dr., Ballwin 63011 Witte, Robert (0) 4942 Schollineyer, St. Louis 63109 Wohlgeumt, Thomas (C) 7066 Wilstworth Ct., Box 652, Fulton 65251 642-7465

NEW JERSEY Amster, Marvin (0) P.O. Box 128, Teaneck 07666 Bernstein, Irwin (0) 249 Eton Pl., Westfield 07090 Bishko, John (C) 29 St. James Pl., Clifton 07013 Bishko, Michael, Jr. (0) 778-5886, ext 201 Bornako, Greg (0) 146 Maple St., Kearny 07032 Boutsikaris, K. (0) 221 Ridge St., Newark Burton, Guy (0) 215 Woodside Ave., Ridgewood Pratt Institute 07450 447-3070 Byrnes, Joseph (C) 164 Spring St., Elizabeth 07201 New York University 355-7516 Cantrell, David (0) 20 Bryers Lane, U Saddle River 07458 Canvin, Jim (0) Hayton Rd., RD #2, Lebanon 08893 Chesney, Carolyn (0) 10 Hill St., Apt. 6D, Newark 07102 Coomber, Anthony (C) 4 Vanderveer Dr., Lawrence Town- The Lawrenceville School ship 08638 Cristiani, Elaine (0) 178 3rd Ave., Westwood 07675 D'Amhola, S. F. (0) 191 Elwood Ave., Newark 07104 DeKoff, Irving (C) 21 Hillsdale Ave., Hillsdale 07642 Derderian, Robert (C) Box 452, Pleasantville 08232 134 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE deVito, Angelo (0) 123 Duncan Ave., Jersey City 07306 DiCerbo, Tom (0) 24B Lupton Lane, Haled on 07508 Dow, Robert (0) 327 Mountain Ave., atwood 07675 Drungis, Anne (0) 49 Stokes St., Freehold 07728 Ferretti, Sandra (0) 125 Yawpo Ave., Oakland 07436 Flynn, Mary Ellen (C) 38 Echo Hill Lane, Willingboro Buihngton YMCA 08046 877-8556 Flynn, Patricia (0) 70 Durwent Ave., Verona 07044 Gannon, Liz (0) 300D Riverview Gardens, North Arlington 07032 Garak, Eugenio (C) 3515 New York Ave., Union City 07087 Gay lor, Mike (0) 105 Grove St., Oakland 07436 Gaylor, Paul (0) Gay lor, Peter (0) Geraci, A John (C) 219 E. Northfield Ave., Livingston 07039 992-0202 Gerrity, Tom (C) 49 !shire Dr., New Shrewsbury Jersey City State College 542-1144 Groinapone, Emily (0) 173 Darwin Ave., Rutherford 07090 Ilauber, Walter (C) 410 Belleville Ave., Belleville 07109 4, Ilausser, Paul (C) 32 Woodland Ave., Newark 07928 Newark College of Engineering Keane, Anthony J. (0) 18 Perry Rd., New Brunswick 08816 Koch, Marie (0) 23 Jean Ter., Parsidanny 07054 Krause, Walter, Jr. (0) 305 Woodside Ave., Newark 07104 i Kuzen, Carol (0) 102 Columbus Dr., Tenafly 07670 Lucia, Edward (C) 801 Kinderhamack Rd., Oradell City College of New York 07649 McNamee, Geri (0) 112 W. Ft. Lee Rd., Bogota 07603 McQuade, Michael (C) 41 Martha Ave., Clifton 07011 772-3475 Macke, Allan (C) 125 Gorden St., Clifton Rampa Regional High School 772-6534 Margolis, Donald (0) 598 Ramapo Rd., Teaneck 07666 Melnick, Arleen (0) 302 27th St., Fair Lawn 07410 Miller, Raymond (C) 72 Deerfield Rd., Wayne 07470 Patterson State College 835-5625 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 13L Miyamoto, Madeline (0) 7I5A Cedar Lane, Teaneck 07666 O'Connor, Der'ce (C, 0) 21A W. 35th St., Bayonne 07002 Brooklyn C .ge 339-7405 O'Dohnell, Am. (0) 624 Ave. E, Bayonne 07002 Orsi, Tony (0) 125 23rd Ave., Paterson 07513 Pokay, Gera (C) 750 Pleasant Valley Way, West Orange 07052 736-4083 Redondo, Joaquin (C) 835 Bloomfield St., llobok.!n 07030 656-7358 Reid, Jeannette (0) 372 Grand Ave., Leonia 07605 Santa', Betty (0) 333 Fairmount Ave., Jersey City Santelli, George (C) 07306 Santelli Fencing Equipmr at DE 2-0002 Sieja, Stanley 149 Terhume Rd., Princeton 08540 Princeton University 924-0024 Sobel, Stephen (0) 18 Beverly Rd., Cedar Grove 07009 Sully, Alphonse (C) 12 Colhmore Ter., West Orange Patterson State College 07052 RE 6-2181 Surd', Vincent (0) 48 Buttonwood Rd., Essex Fells 07021 Taylor, C. T. (0) 18 Pleasant Pl., Kearny 07032 Terhune, Evelyn (0) 715-A Cedar Lane, Teaneck 07666 Tishman, Petei (0) 37 Griswold P1 , Glen Rock 07452 Williams, Richard (C) 44 Orangebury Rd., Old Tappan Tenafly High School 07625 768-7471 Zimmerman, Ralph (0) 65 S. Union Ave., Cranford 07016 NEW YORK STATE Dako, Alexandei (C) Syracuse University, Dept of Physi- cal Education, Syracuse 13210 DePietro, Joe (0, C) Military Academy, West Point Assistant Coach West Point 10996 Esponda, Gerard (0, C) U.S. Military Academy, West Point Assistant Coach West Point 10996 Geraci, A. John U.S. Military Academy, West Point Point 10996 Goldstein, Jules (C) 40 Aspinwood Ave., Kenmore 14223 876-1733 Pattantyos, Maydalina (C) 62 Pmehurst Ave., Albany I. 03 482-9118 136 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE Rawleigh, John (C) 683 Linden St., Rochester 14620 Schwartz, Sidney (C) 223 Clark Rd., Kenmore 14223 University of Buffalo 875-5167 Scipioni, Paul (C) 4629 Lake Ave., Rochester 14612 865-2341 Sebastiani, Michael (C) 132 Hill Crest Rd,, Ithaca 14850 Cornell University 273-0901 Sheridan, Vincent (C) R.D. #2 Vedder Rd., Catskill 12414 943-3308 Stegmann, C. (0) Annex W. Boston Post Rd., Mamaro- neck 10543 Sudre, Raowl (C) 3 Hudson Ave Ithaca 14850 Cornell University 273-2655

NEW YORK CITY AREA Alaux, Michael (C) 320 E. 53rd St., New York 10023 Fencers Club EL 5-8898 Asselin, Roland (0) 441 E. 20th St., Apt. 14D, New York 10010 Axelrod, Albert (0) 701 Ardsley Rd., Scarsdale 10583 Bachner, A. (0) 1463 Rieman Lane, East Meadow 11554 Bankutti, Louis (C) 116 St, W., New York 10027 Columbia University 280-4040, ext. 212 Bell, Craig (C) Bedford Ave, and Augh, Brooklyn Brooklyn College 780-5366, ext. 212 Bishko, Michael (C) 30 E. 95th St., New York 10028 427-8723 Blum, Robert M. (0) 1150 5th Ave., New York 10028 Brodith, Joseph (0) 193-12 Jamaica Ave., Hollis 11423 Bukantz, Daniel (0) 77-15 113th St., Forest Hills 11375 Cakouros, Ellen M. (C, 0) 16 Jeanne Ave., Port Jefferson Dawnwood Junior Iligh Station 11776 Schenl Cakouros, Thomas (C) Newfield High School IIR 3-4684 Canvin, James (0) Rt. #2, Ilayton Rd., Lebanon 08833 Castello, Hugo (C) 30 E. 10th St., New York 10003 New York University CR 3-6930 Castello, James (C) 28 Eden Lane, Levittown 11756 New York University PE 1-6829 Cohen, A. (0) 41 Shade Tree Lane, Roslyn Ileights 11577 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOILCOMPETITIONS Colbm, Rod (C) 330 E. 48th St., New York 10017 Columbia University EL 5-1146 Cushing, Gerard (C) 36-47 87th St., Jackson Heights Cushing Fencing Studio 11369 Dalton, Madeline (0) IL 8-8457 Davis, Albert (0) Three Sister Rd., St. James 11780 5b4-5431 Dayton, Norma (C) 461,iverdale Ave., Yonkers 10705 Queensborough Community60 L. 9th St., Apt. 442, New York College 10003 DeCourey, Laurie (C) 2000 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn State University of New 11210 York, Farmingdale UL 9-4543 689 Park Ave., Huntington 11743 de Csajahy, Bela (C) 11A 3-3558 New York University DeCupriles, Miguel (C) 37 Washington Sq. W., New York 10011 533-6468 Dorschell, Louis (C) Main St., Box 921, Sag Haroor 11963 Edson, Inge (0) P.O. Box 503, fluntingt( n 11743 Ehrlich, Emanuel (C) 92 Joyce Rd., Eastchestei 10709 Eisner, Gilbert (0) 711 Second Ave., New York 10016 Elthes, Casba tC) 314 E. 831d St., New York 10028 Farber, Walt.r (0) 511 E. 80th St., Apt. 9J, New York 10021 Farrell, John F., Jr. (0) 251-30 Van Zandt Ave., Little Neck 11362 Fineberg, Emanual (C) 6200 Riverdale Ave., Bronx 10471 884-5816 Gall, Csaha (0) 3 Sycamore Lane, White Plains 10605 Goldsmith, Harold (0) 345 Adams St., Brooklyn 11201 Goldstein, Ralph (C) 397 Concord Dr., Yonkers 10702 Goodman, Morris (C, 0) 204-15 Foothill Ave., llonis 11423 Gradkowski, Richard (C) 315 E. 26th St., New York 10010 Grafton, Marvin (0) 165 Christopher St., Apt. III, New York 10014 Green, Roi (C) 480 Lenex Ave., New York 10037 TO 2-8496 Kardoss, John (C) 191 Willoughby St., Brooklyn 11205 Kirmss, Clifford (C) 8 Jeiome St., Brooklyn 11207 Stevens Institute of TA 5-2037 Technology 138 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE .,

Klayman, Morris (C) 60 Lewis Rd., Northport 11768 AN 1-3906 Kolombatovich, Oscar (C) 265 E. Main St., Centerport 1:721 Excalibur, Ltd IIA 1-4811 Kramer, George (t2) 130 W. 86th St., New York 10024 Kwartler, Mlan ((') 121 Jennifer Lane, Yonkers 10710 DE 7-3974 Lazar, Nell (C) Titicus Rd., North Salem 10560 City College of New York NO 9-5081 Lewis, Norman (0) 8300 Talbot St., Kew Gardens 11415 Lubell, Nat (0) 158 E. 179th St., Bronx 10453 Lutz. Richard (0) 156 Ditmars St., City Island 1u464 Margolis, J(0) 400 Park Ave., New York 10022 Montagnino (0) 447 E. 88th St., New York 10028 Mooney, John (0) 6 leech SL, Flora.. ak 11001 Neill, Louise (0) 217 E. 26th St, New York 10010 Niber, Edward (C) 4 Steven St., Elainview, Long Island Niederkirchner, Odc., (C) 434 E. 72nd St., New York 10021 N.Y.A.C. RE 7-7365 O'Connor, Peter (C) 43-20 170th St., Flushing 11358 Fordham University 463-2461 Orban, Alex (0) 2727 Palisades Ave., Riverdale 10463 Pallaghy, Chaba M. (0) 106-21 68th Ave., Forest Hills 11375 Pariser, Barry (0) Route 52, RD;P3, Newburgh 12550 Peredo, Alfred (C) 85-43 164th St., Jamaica CCNY 11432 291-0204 Pongo, Laszlo (0) 104-70 Queens Blvd., Forest hills 11375 Pugliesi, Julia Jones (C) 176 E. 71st St., New York 10021 Hunter College Reyes, Paul (0) 12 Evergreen Ave., Port Washington 11050 Rocchio, Richard (C) 36 Botsford St., Hempstead 11550 486-5117 Rocsm, John (C) 76-09 43rd Ave., Jackson Heights The Lighthouse 11372 478-7580 Roller, Robert (C) 203 St. Johns Pl., Brooklyn 11217

LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 139 Saberski, Alice (C) 113 Crest Dr., Tarrytown 10591 Lehman College ME 1-4942 Schneider, Martin (C) 3125 Tibbett Ave., Bronx 10403 Riverside County School 548-2352 Schwartz, Saul (C) 3640 Decatur Ave., Bronx 10467 Lehman College 654-2891 Siegel, Eve (0) 12 Radcliff Dr., Huntington 11743 Smith, Joseph (C) 2636 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn Brooklyn College 11230 DE 8-6949 Stein, Henry (C) 113 Parkway St., Roslyn Heights Port Washington Schools 11577 MA 1-0071 Tauner, Christopher (C) 346 W. 56th St., New York 10019 II. B. Studio Cl 7-4538 Tibor, Nyabs (0) 215-25 26th Ave., Bayside 11360 Tietsort, John kC) 175 W. 93rd St., New York 10025 Wetzler, Jim (0) 410 E. 57th St., New York 10022 Whiteman, William (0) 316 16th St., Eskesen 10003 Wolfe, Joel (0) 287 Adelphi St , Brooklyn 11205 Worth, George (0) 19 Henry St., Orangebury 10962 Zaum, Robert (C) 99.05 63rd St., Rego Park 11374 TW 7-3989 Ziokovic, Brammir (C) 108-49 63rd Ave. Forest Ih'11375

NORTH CAROLINA Barrow, Pebley (C) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514 Evans, David (C) 2835 Stuart Dr., Durham 27707 489-4179 Jackson, Richard (C) P O. Box 67, Bawer Elk 28604 Lees-McRae College 898-6180 La Bar, John (C) 923 Demerius, Durham 27701 Duke University 286.3982 Miller, Ronald (C) Colony Apt. 0-13, Chapel Hill University of North 27514 Carolina 929-5141 Weaver, Ronald (C) 4127 White Pine Dr., Raleigh North Carolina State 27609 University Weber, Reginald (C) Ski Mountain Rd., Blowing Rock Applachian State University 28605 295-2511

140 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE OHIO Ayers, Nyles (C) Case Western Reserve University Cleveland 44116 368-4530, ext. 216 Cantillon, Daniel (0) 2249 Chatfield Dr., Cleveland 44106 Dickerson, Laurence (0) 1314 Enquirer Bldg., Cincinnati 45202 Gilchrist, James E. (0) 742 Wooster Pike, Terrace Park 45174 Iliff, James (0) 3581 Epworth Ave., Cincinnati 45211 Kadar, Menyhert (C) 7127 Brecksville Rd., Independence Ade lber College, Case WRU 44131 524-3421 Kaplan, Robert (C) 4239 Olentangy Rpier Rd., Co- Ohio State University lumbus 43214 451-6567 LeRoy, Ralph (C) 19115 Golview Dr., Cleveland 44135 Rubins, Alex (C) 2529 Edgehill Ave., Cleveland Cuyahoga Community 44106 College 371-5054 Simonian, Charles (C) 2310 Edgevale Rd, Columbus Ohio State University 43221 486-8140 Szentkiralyi, John (0) 1693 Belle Ave., Lakewood 44107

OK LA11OMA Duke, Francis (0) 521 N.W. 34, Oklahoma City 73118 Lindsey, Ruth (C) 824 Ranch Dr., Stillwater 74074 Oklahoma State University FR 2-6462 McKee, Michael (0) 1402 W. Boyd, Norman 73069 Parsons, Oscar (0) 2204 N.W. 45, Oklahoma City 73112 Peters, Virginia (0) Central State College, Dept. of Physical Education, Edmond 73034 Philp, Phylis (0) University of Oklahoma, Dept. of Women's Physical Education, Norman 73069 Saxon, Bob (0) 308 N.W. 92, Oklahoma City 73114 Vandenhende, Roger (0) 2258 S. St. Louis, Tulsa 741)4 Wade, Arthur (0) P.O. Drawer 1710, Tulsa 74110 Yu, Billy (0) Box 2394, Norman 73069 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 141 OREGON Davis, Ralph (C) 3145 N.E. 47th St., Portland 97213 De Hernandez, Simon (C) 2755 S.E. 27th St., Portland 97213 Klink, Lenore (C) 2648 S.E. Sherwood Dr., Portland Multnomah Athletic Club 97201 CA 7-1952 Starkweather, Gretchen (C) 3298 Lorain Lane S.E., Salem PENNSYLVANIA Alphin, Beth (0) Pennsylvania State University, 101 White Bldg., State College 16802 Bohl, Warren (C, 0) 4960 N. Lawn Dr., Murryville 15668 Carter, Walter (0) RD #2, Ingleside Ave., Sewickley 15143 Csiszar, Layos (C) 151 W. Albemarle St., Lansdowne 19050 MA 3-0772 Duffin, Walter (0) 220 Margaret St., McKees Rocks 15136 Gerwitz, Leonard (C) 1701 S. 2nd St., Philadelphia 19148 110 7-3123 Gordon, Henri (C) Box 303, Devon 19333 MU 8-2970 Ilespenheide, lack (C) 1330 Ililleroft Ave., York 17403 Kelly, Allen (C) 732 Dale Rd., I luntington Valley 19006 TU 4-4843 Kessler, Charles (0) 332 N. Duke St , Lancaster 17602 Klima, Richard (C) 314 Nimitz Ave., State College 16801 McQuaid, Jean (C) 102 Seal St., Pittsburgh 15223 486-1277 Mendez, William (0) 4726 Newlons Dr., Murrysville 15668 Moss, James (C) 700 Walnut Lane, #103, Philadel- Ben Franklin High School phia 19134 NE 4-0632 Pocze, John (C) 1236 S. Jefferson St., Allentown 18103 Poulos, Anthony (0) 1518 Princess Anne Dr., Lancaster 17601 Reese, Charles (0; 9443 Doral Dr., Pittsburgh 15237 Rinde, Joseph (0) 743 Melbourne St., Pittsburgh 15217 142 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE o

Saurer, Stella (0) 465 Old Clairton Rd., Pittsburgh 15236 Shabel, Barrie (0) 3464 Burnett Dr., Murrysville 15668 Thompson, Jean (0) 24 N Duke St., Lancaster 17602 Yonkers Don (C) 949 Wellington Rd., Elkins Park 19117 Drexel Institute of 886-3907 Technology

PHILIPPINES Chuva, Luy (C) 3123 C First St., V. Mapa. Sta Mesa Manila RIIODE ISLAND Burn II, Billie (C) 131 Farnum, North Providence Rhode Island College 0291 I 353-9798 Lutz, Janet (C) 11 Slater Ave., Providence 02906 Pembroke College 751-2193 TENNESSEE Conley, Lynn (0) 1720 Melrose P1., Knoxville 37916 flares, Edward G. (0) University of Tennessee. Physics Dept , Knoxville 37916 Moore, Mike (0) Vandeibilt University, Box 2947. Nashville 37-!03 Szathmary. Kami Ilc (0) 225 Druid Dr, S.F., Knoxville 37920

TEXAS Bennett, Jerry (0) 4510 Tallulah Dr., San Antonio 78218 De Gall, Enierie (C) 3601 Mockingbird Lane. Dallas SMU-Cistercian Prep 75205 School LA 8-2665 Fuld. Steven (0) 724 international Blvd., #53, Houston 77024 Hurst, Edwin ki,) 5740 Gulfton #70, Houston 77036 Mercado, Arnold ,01 2313 Bering Dr., llouston 77027 Nevot, Daniel (C) 6614 Northwood Rd., Dallas 75225 St. Mark's School of Texas EM 3-4823 Poviardieu, Gerard (C) 400 S. Vandiver, San Antonio 78209 Shelby, Robert 540 Chelsea. Bellaire 77401 LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 143 Simpson, Harold (C) Texas Technical College, Box 4497, Lubbock 79409 Snyder, Alfred (0) Kerr Company, 506 Caroline, Houston 77002 Thomas, Ted (C) 145 C Treasure Way, San Antonio 78209 Weeder, Russell (C) 1106 Foster Ave., College Station Texas A&M 77804 846-5679 Williams, Darrell (0) 3007 West Ave.-, Austin 78705 University of Texas Wynck, Waneen (C) 8401 Shenandoah, Austin 78753 University of Texas VIRGINIA Elide, Jack (0) 407 N. Davis Ave., Richmond 23220 Engler, Refo 821 Church St., Alexandria 22314 584-5477 Menaker, Edward G. (0) 1824 Westnumster Rd., Waynesboro 22980 Merritt, Charles 11. (0) 502 Cesarhrooke Lane, Richmond Merritt, Lore A. (0) 23229 Morey, Dennis A. J. (0) 4407 Monument Ave , Richmond 23230 Willis, J. II., Jr. (0) 100 Willow Dr., Williamsburg 23185

WASHINGTON Waterbrook, John (C) 908 Stanley Dr., College Place 99324

WASHINGTON, D.C. Caldwell, Edwin (C) Address Unknown

WEST VIRGINIA Moore, Scott (0) Iluntington Fencing Club, Ilurting- ton YMCA, Huntington

WISCONSIN Bodner, Gerry (0) 7801 N. Regent Rd , Milwaukee 53217

144 DGWS BOWLING - FENCING GUIDE Bosanec, John (0) 146 S. 92nd St., Apt. 4, Wau- watosa 53213 Dickerson, Charles (C) 1345 Marie St., Racine 53404 University of Wisconsin 634-3628 Dwyer, Michael (C) 3300 Chatham St., Racine 53404 Gillham, Tony (0) 730 Froebel Dr., Beloit 53511 Hein, Loran (0, C) 8545 22nd St., Kenosha 53140 University of Wisconsin 694-0083 Ileinecke, Mary (C, 0) 425 E. Brewster Ave., Appleton Lawrence University 54911 734-8137 Heinze, William (C) 773 N. Prospect St., Milwaukee 53202 271-9414 Hille, Gertrude (C) 1418A N. 27th St., Milwaukee N.C.R. 53208 933-5492 Johnson, Russ (0) Star Rte , Box 9, Weyauwega 54983 Masley, A. L. (C) 3626 Spring Trail, Madison 53711 233-6159 Meyer, Fred (0) 1230 E. Pershing St., Appleton 54911 Sampon, Ed (0) 1816 N. 72nd St., Wauwatosa 53213 Sampson, Victor (C) 229 E. Maple Ave., Beaver Dam Wayland Academy 53916 885-6075 Schrade, Chuck (0) 2971 S. Shore Dr , Milwaukee 53207 Schyltz, Paul (C) 1006 University Bay Dr , Madison 53705 233-2751 Simonson, Archie (C) 106 Farley Ave., Madison 53705 University of Wisconsin 233-8136 Sosnovsky, George (0) University of Wisconsin, Chemistry Dept., Milwaukee 53211 Tolan. Dave (0) 15985 Smith Dr., Brookfield 53005 Wandry, Steve (0) 146 S. 92nd St., Apt 4, Wauwatosa 53213 Zeisig, Ed (0) 152 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee 53202

LIST OF QUALIFIED DIRECTORS FOR FOIL COMPETITIONS 145 Technical Rules ofFencing EDITED BY NANCY L.CURRY

INTRODUCTORY NOTE which appear on thefollowing The technical rules of fencing from the AFLA pages, have been editedand sections excerpted Fencing Rules and Manual,revised1970. This new edition, League of America, comprises an published by the Amateur Fencersterminology, rules, and recordsof extensive almanac of history, is given fencing in the United States andEurope. Acknowledgement Capriles. Through his cooperation,the AFLA to the late Jose R. de of has granted permission to theDGWS to publish certain sections the rules. conducted with the electrical Since modern competitions are with apparatus, basic rules have beenincluded for running contests be noted thatllle AFLA is amember the "electrical" foil. It should ,), the United States of the Federation Internationaled'Escrim Olympic Committee (USOC),and the ur Athletic Union close reli ith the National (AAU). The AFLA maintains Ilegiate Fencing Collegiate Athletic Association(NCAA), th Women encing Association Association (117A), the Intercollegiate whose (IWFA), and several regionalintercollegiate associations respective jurisdictions offencers intheir member colleges are explicitly recognized between amateurs and then The traditionally close cooperation of fencing masters was formalizedin1953 bythe adoptio' constitutional amendments creatingthe associate membership, open the active fencing teachers inthe United to nonamateurs. Most of of the AFLA andenjoy voting States are associate members the National privileges. The AFLA alsomaintains close liaison with America (NFCAA). Fencing Coaches Association of understanding of rules and For acontinuing and thorough of the changing times in fencing, readers areurged to obtain a copy Manual. Copies may bepurchased from AFLA Fencing Rules and Sixty-second Street, Amateur Fencers Leagueof America, Inc., 33 West New York, New Jersey07093.

PART ONE: GENERAL RULES AND RULES APPLICABLETO THE THREE WEAPONS CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL NOTE the Federatioi Internationaled'Escrime The technical rules of Congress of were unanimouslyadopted bytheli 'ernational DGWS BOWLINGFENCINGGUIDE 146 National Olympic Committees heldin Paris in June 1914 for all events at the Olympic Games. use in They were modified byvarious FIE Congresses and were revised andmodernized after the 1958 Congress and renamed "Rules for Competition." U.S. (additional note) The rules governing amateurfencing competition in the United States ofAmtirica are enacted, amended, and repealed solely by action ofthe national board ofgovernors of the AFLA. From the time ofthe codification of the international rules, the AFLA, as a matter of policy, has generally followedthe changes enacted by the FIE in thetechnical rules and conventions of fencing, but each modificationmust be specifically adopted by the board of governors before itis effective for AFLA competitions. The AFLA from time to time has differ from the internationalconducted experiments with rules that rules, awl has found it desirableto adopt certain textual variationsor clarifications of the international rules for use in the United States. The present AFLA rules bookreproduces in English translation the official text of the FIErules, including the numbering of articles on the margin; and, the whenever applicable, adds theretothe variations or clarifications in forcein the United States

CHAPTER III. GLOSSARY A. President Throughout these tides the word"president" means "president of the jury" or "director of the bout." US. (nate) In the United States, the term"director" is used to designate the chief officialin charge of the bout in all weapons Internationally, the term "director"is used only in competitionsrun with electrical apparatus,without a jury. B. Competitions I.Assaults and bouts. Friendly combat between two fencersis called an "assault." Whenscore is kept of such combat to determine a result, the contest is called a "bout " 2. Match. The aggregate of the bouts fenced between membersof two different teams is calleda "match." U.S. (addition) In individual events, a "match'''is a contest fought for two or more bouts,usually on a direct- elimination basis. 3. Competition. A competitionis (individual contest) the aggregate of the bouts or of the matches (team contests) requiredto determine the winner of theevent. Competitions areclassified according to weapons,sex of competitors, age, occupation (e.g. military, student, etc.),or according to whether fenced individual or team basis on an TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 147 further U.S. (addition) Competitions in the United States are classified according to the strength ofthe contestants allowed to participate therein, and according to theeffect of participation or achievement therein upon the classificationof the contestants. toa 4. Championship."Championship"isthename given competition held to determine the bestfencer or the best team in each weapon for a national association orfor a specific region and for a specific period of time. 5. Tournament. Tournament is the name givento all competitions held at the same place, during the sameperiod, and for the same reason.

C. Explanation of Some Technical TermsCommonly Used in Judging Fencing I. Fencing tempo. "Fencingtempo" (temps d'escrime) is the time required for the execution of a simplefencing action. interval of U.S. (clarification) A fencing tempo is not a fixed time, but a variable which depends uponthespeed of the fencers in the sequence of play 2. Offensive actions a)Attack or riposte: Simple in one movement Direct in the same line Indirect in another line Composite in several movements. b)Riposte: Immediate or delayed a question of fact andof rapidity of execution Example 1.Simple direct npostes Direct riposte a riposte which touchesthe opponent without having the line in which the parry wasmade. Riposte along the blade a riposte which touchesthe opponent by gliding along his blade after the parry. Example 2.Simple indirect ripostes Riposte by disengage a riposte which touchesthe opponent in the opposite line to that in which the parrywas made (by passing under the opponent's blade if the parry wasmade in the high line, and over the blade if the parry wasmade in the low line). Riposte by cutover a riposte which touchesthe opponent in the opposite line to that in whichthe parry was made, the blade always passing over the opponent's point. Example 3Composite ripostes Riposte by a double a riposte which touchesthe opponent in the same line to that in whichthe parry was made, but after having described a complete circle around theopponent's blade. DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE 148 Riposte by one-two A riposte which touches theopponent in the same line in which theparry was made, but after the blade has first threatened the opposite line blade. by passing under the opponent's 3. Counter-attacks a) The stop ,nt is a counterattack made on an attack. b) It is called a "time hit" whenit is made while closing the line in which the attack is to be completed 4Varieties of offensive actions a) The remise is a simple andimmediate offensive action which follows the original attack,without withdrawal of thearm, after the opponent has parried or retreated,when the latter either has released the olade without ripostingor has made a delayed, indirect, composite riposte. or b) The redoublement is a new action, either simple orcomposite, made against an opponent who hasparried without riposting, has merely evaded the first action or who target. by retreating or displacing the a) The reprise of attackis a new attack executed immediately after a return on guard whichmay be even momentary. d) Counter time isevery action made by the attacker hit made by his opponent on a stop

CHAPTER IV. THE FIELD OF PLAY(TERRAIN) The ground shall havean even surface.It shall give neither advantage nor disadvantage toeither the contestants, particularly with regard to slope and light. The portion of the field of playwhich is used for fencing the piste (strip or board). is called The strip is the material thatprovides the surface of the field of play' packed earth, wood, linoleum,etc. In addition to the length of thefield of play prescribed for each weapon, the strip should in practice beextended a distance of 1.50 meters (5 ft.) to 2 meters (6 feet, 7inches) at each end to enable the competitor who is about to cross the limit retreat over a level and unbroken surface. of the field of play to If it is impractical to havea regulation piste, the length of the piste must not be less than 13meters (42 ft., 8 ins.) and must include the above mentionedextensions. See page 00

CHAPTER V. WEAPONS, EQUIPMENT,CLOTHING 1.Responsibilityoffencers.Fencers arm.equip,and clothe themselves upon theirown responsibility, and at their own risk, subject only to the conditionthat the weapons, equipment, and TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 149 attire must conform to these rules. The fencers themselves are the only persons liable in any respect for any accidents which tht . ay cause or suffer. U S.(clarification) The following mas, insofar as they prescribe the specifications for the weapons, or relate to facility in judging or the acquisition of an unwarranted competitive advantage by onefencer over another, shall be strictly enforced by the president or other official in authority, insofar a . !emed advisory but not mandatory upon the officials. 2. Regulation weapons. General description: All kinds of weapons are allowed, provided that they conform to the rules.* The weapon shall be so constructed that it cannot injure either the user or his opponent. 3. Control The Bout i:'oinnuttee, or else the Organizing Committee, shall appoint a special representative whose duty shall be to check the weapons, equipment, and clothing used. This representative is required to reject any weapon which does not conform to the -ules. lie is further authorized to exclude any contestant whose equipment or clothing appears to him to be inadequate. U.S. (additions) (a) The president of the jury is empc"ered to exercise the function of this special representative whenever the occasion arises. (b) A contestant shall not be permitted to fence unless he has available for his personal use at least two complete weapons that conform to the rules in competitions conducted with electrical weapons, this requirement includes at least two body cords in good working order. 4. Equipment and ClothingGeneral requirements. The equipment and clothing shall comply with the following conditions: a) The fencer shall have the maximum protection compatible with the freedom of movement necessary for fencing For both men :9(l women, when the jacket is cut horizontally at the waist, the lower edge must overlap the breeches by at least 10 eentimetors (4 inches) when the fencer isin the "on g1 rd" position. Women's equipment must include a breast protector made v, metal or other rigid material. b) It shall not be possible for the opponent to be obstructed or injured by the equipment, nor for the opponent's weapon to be caught or deflected by the equipment, which therefore shall have no buckles or opening in which, except by accident, the opposing point might be caught. *Beginning with the 1973 season (September I, 1972 to August 31, 1973), the flat tip is mandatory on all electrical foils for national and international competition. 150 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE THE REGULATION FIC AND AFLA FENCING STRIP Or '70a10. ine SaLer WarningFpee Line, Foil Retreat Zone 9' 3m 10" 131.m313.1m3. 1.8m 10" Cell 11 z-n, ter,: 11 lit-Ns (5'10") and a maxi- NOTE. The width of the strip shall be a minimum of 1 8 meters theofmum 1.8 metallic of meters 2 meters surface (5'10") (6'7") of and the The astrip maximum length shall of cover theof 2 retreat themeters entire zone (6'7"). retreat shall For zone. foil and epee, be a minimum awsiVr,A citotz,,sowsgt '7. have a cuff U.S. (addition) In all weapons, the glove shall sufficiently long to overlap the cuff ofthe jacket atall times, regardless of the movement of the arm, so asto prevent the passage of the blade into the sleeve at the wrist. c) The judging of hits shall befacilitated as much as possible. The material of which the equipment ismade shall not have a surface which is smooth enough to cause thepointe d'arret, the button, or the opponent's hit Is zlance off.Thus, the use of materials such as silk, satin, etc., is forbidden. All clothingshall be white and shall be made of strong material. CHAPTER VI. THE ASSAULT fence in their own ways and 1.Method of fencing. The competitors at their own risk with the onecondition that they must observe the fundamental rules of fencing. Everybout or match shall preserve the character of a courteous and sportsmanlikeencounter. All violent actions, e,g. running attack(fleche), ending in a collision which jostles the opponent are absolutelyforbidden. All systems and methods of combat,including drawing back and displacing the body, sidestepping,turning, are allowed. 2. Exactitude of the hit. Every hitwith the point in foil must arrive clearly and distinctly in order to count as atouch. Grazes with the point are therefore not counted asvalid touches and do not annul anything that arrives later. 3. Method of handling the wea :,n.In the absence of a special device, the fencer is free to hold thehandle of the weapon as lie sees the position of his hand during fit, and lie may, if lie wishes, modify be thecourseofthebout. However, the weapon shall not permanentlyortemporarily,openlyor by transformed be handled without concealment Into a throwing weapon, it must the hand leaving the l't or sliding along it, and withoutrecapturing it with the fingers by the aidof a special device. U.S. (addition)-- Violationof this ruleis punishable by the immediate annulment of any scoringaction by the offending fencer and, after a single warning, by apenalty touch against him for each subsequent offense during the samebout. Defensive actions must be effected exclusivelywith the guard and blade, separately or together. The weapon shall be handled with onehand only, and with the same hand until the end ofthe bout, unless the presidentexpressly authorizes a change of hands becauseof injury to the sword arm or hand; the use of unarmedhand or arm, either in offense orin defense, is prohibited. The punishmentfor violation of this rule shall be a penalty of one touch after asingle warning in the course of the same bout. 152 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE U.S. (addition) The punishment for United States shall violation of this rulein the be the immediateannulment of any action by the offendingfencer and, after scoring touch against him for a single warning, a penalty each subsequent offenseduring the same bout. However. the unarmedhand may come in without violating thisrule. contact with the ground 4. Putting on guard. The fencer whois called first shall place at the right of thepresident, except himself called first is left-handed in the case where thefencer and he is meetinga right-handed fencer in bout fought withoutelectrical apparatus. a The president shall require each of thecontestants to stand that his forward footshall be 2 meters (6 so center line of the field of feet, 7 inches) fromthe play (that is, behindthe "on guard" lines). The contestants shallgo on guard, at the beginning subsequent times during and at all strip. the bout, midwaybetween the sides of the The fencers shat) go on guard when thepresident gives the command "On guard."and the president shall ready?" Upon affirmative thon ask, "Areyou reply fro, i bothcontestants. the president shall give the signalto begin combat. "Play!" U.S. (note) In the United States,the preferred command the commencement ofcombat is "Fence!" for 5. Beginning, stopping,and restarting the a) As soon as the bout command "Play!" isgiven, the contestantsmay assume the offensive. Anymovement which starts the command to playshall be annulled. or arrives before The contestants may thereupon fenceas they please, and at their own risk and peril, subjectonly to the condition the fundamental rulesof fencing. that they observe b) The cessation of combat is marked bythe command "Halt!" except when somethinghappens that modifies regular conditions of the normal and combat. As soonas the command "Halt!" is given, a fencer shall refrainfrom starting a movement already underway can be counted.new action; only the happens thereafter shallbe absolutely invalid. Everything that If one of the I',ncers stops before the hit, the touch sh.,11 bevalid. command "Halt!" andhe is The commanc "Halt!"shall be given not only normally at an end, butalso if the play of when the combat is Lonfused, or contrary the fencers is dangerous, to the rules, or ifone of the contestants off the field of play,or if in retreating he goes spectators or the jury. conies too close to the c) After each touch guard in the center ofcounted as valid, the fencersarc repla.:ed on the field of play. lithehit is not allowed by TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 153 the jury, the fencers shall go back on guard at the place they occupied when combat was interrupted, thereby retaining the ground gainedThe replacement on guard, and the renewal of combat shall be effected as provided above. In bouts for several touches, the fencers shall change sides: outdoors, after every touch; indoors, when one of the fencers has received one-half of the maximum number of touches that hemay receive. However, with the electrical apparatus, the fencers donot change sides during the bout. d) The president cannot allow a.leer to leave the piste, save in exceptional circumstances

6. Fencing at close quarters. Fencing at close quarters is allowedas long as the competitors can wield their weapons correctly and the president can, at foil and sabre, follow the phrase. 7. Corps a corps. The corps a corps is said to exist whenthe two competitors r main in contact; when this occurs the president must stop the bout

8. Displacing the target and reversing of positions. Displacingthe target, ducking, turns, and half -turns are alloweJ including the action of ducking during which the unarmed handmay come in contact with the piste. But "reversing of positions" is not allowed; that is tosay, if the original positions are actually reversed, the competitorsare again placed in the positions which they occupied when the movement resulting in the reversal of the positions was initiated. 9. Ground gained or lost. When the order "Halt!" isgiven, ground gained is held until a hit has been scored. When competitorsare replaced on guard, each fencer should retire equallyin order to attain fencing distance. I I owever a) When the bout has been stopped on account ofa corps a corps, the fencers are again put on guard in such a position that the competitor who has sustained the corps a corps is at the place which hepreviously occupied, this also appliesifhisopponent has subjected 11.,1 to a flechc attack, even without corpsa corps. b) Thempetitors must not be again put on guard in such a way that a fencer who was in front of the warning line at themoment when the assault was stopped is placed behind this line if this competitor has not already been warned c) The competitors must not again he put on guard in sucha way that the fencer who was already behind the warning line at the moment when the assault was stopped, is caused to lose ground. 154 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE 10. Crossing the boundaries a) Stopping the bout. Whena contestant crosses any of the boundaries of the field ofplay with both feet, the immediately call "Halt!" and president shall shall annul anything thatmay have happened atter thecrossing of such boundary, excepting against such a contestant that only a hit is the result of an action initiatedby his opponent immediatelyafter the crossing of the boundary. When one of the two hit made by the fencer contestantswho goes of f the field of play,only a remains on the field of play-an be counted, even in thecase of a double touch. b) Rear boundaries and warning lures When a fencer inretreating reaches his warning line forthe last tune with the president shall give the rear foe., the command "Halt!'' and shallwarn the fencer as to (lie remaining distance that hemay retreat without crossing the rear boundary of the field of playThe president shall repeat warning each time that the fencer, this reasonably be in doubt having regained ground. might as to his position on the field ofplay The fencers are not warnedanywhere else on the field of The fences who thereafter play of play for the last time withcrosses the rear boundary of the field both feet shall be consideredtouched. However. it he retreats offthe field of play with both having been warned, he shall feet without hoc. be placed back on guardat the warning It, for practical reasons.the ground is not long enough the regulation length field to provide of play, each fencer shallbe allowed to retreat off the field of play withoutpenalty as often as is to permit him to retreat for the necessary lull distance providedin the rules If a fencer who has crossed the Lear boundary of the field ofplay that is shorter than regulationlength is attacked, and he makes an immediate riposte parries and or lie stop hits, the touch so scoredshall he valid This provision shatnot apply, howev;r, to the fencer who has retreated oft the field ofplay for the last tune (1 Side boundo res. A fencer whocrosses one 01the side boundaries with 1)01 , .tis not considered touched, he shall replaced on guard midway be between the sides of the strip,but shall he penahied by (lie loss of Imeter (3 leet3 inches) of ground the at plica(ion of this penally It 01 1 inetei places the contestant with botht 'et behind Hierear himt of the field of play, he shall considered touched. be However. afencer who "systematically- boundaries of the field of play crosses one of(lie with both feet particularly in executing a running attack it Ijche) in order to avoida hit, shall, after a single warning duringthe Sallie bout, be penalised In addition to one touch. the warning, any (ouchreceived by such fencer immediately alter thecrossing of the boundary shall be counted TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 155 Consequently. every touch scored by the running contestant while he is off the field of play shall be annulled, while any touch scored by him while on the field of play shall be valid, even if he goes off after having scored. in the latter event there is no question of a warning or penalty. US (clardicanon) The one-touch penalty is applicable against the offending contestant each time after the warning that he goes off theheldof playNotwithstanding theprovisionsinthelast paragraph. a running attack which results in a touch is subject to penalties in the event of a collision or unnecessary roughness. d) Leaving the strip act dente)._ A fencer who crosses one of the boundaries through an accident shall not be liable to any penalty. 11. Duration of the bout a) The duration of combat shallbe clocked exactly by a stopwatch At the Olympic Games and the World Championships. the Bout ('omnnttee shall appoint timekeepers for all bouts. By duration of combat is meant the effective duration. that is, the total interval of tune during which the contestants are fencing, or are at liberty to fence, exclusive of the time taken out for the deliberations of the jury and other interruptions. In women's foil the time limit shall be five minutes of effective comba.. in four -touch bouts The president shall warn thefencers one minute before the expiration of the time limit allotted for effective combat. b)11 a, the end of the time limit neither fencer has scored the number of touches required for victory, the procedure shall be as f ollows. If one contestant is leading, the diftercnce between the number of touchesrequired and the numbet actually scoredbythe contestant who is ahead shall be added to the score of each fencer, Thus.thedifference between the actualtouch scores ofthe contestants shall be maintained. If the two contestants have received the same number of touches (or no touches at all), they are considered to have each received the maximum touches minus one; and they shall fence for the last touch without limit of time. They are replaced on guard in the position which they occupied when the bout was interrupted.

12. Accidentsindispositionswithdrawal of a competitor.Ifa competitoristhevictim ofan accident which has been duly lecognued, the president may allow Inin a period of rest only. and that for a maximum time of 20 minutes, in order that he may -cover sufficiently to continue the bout In the ease of one of several indispositions which have been duly recognized. the president may g- nt the competitor a period of rest for a maximum time of 10 minutes once only during the same match 156 OGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE (teams) or the s,,me pool (individual)or the last 15 bouts by direct elimination. The president may, on hisown authority, require the withdrawal of a competitor whose physicalinability to continue the bout obvious is

CHAPTER VII. THE DIRECTIDN DF A BOUT AND THE JUDGING DF HITS A. Officials 1,.President. All bouts at fencingare directed by a president who is responsible I or- a) Directing the bout G) Controlling the equipment c) Supervising his assistants (judges,tunekeept rs, scorers, etc.) d) Maintaining order c) Penalizing faults 0 Awarding the hits. 2. Jury, judges, and ground judges.The jury consists of a president andfour judges who, for official HI-events, shall always be amateurs and holders of HE licenses U.S. (addition) The jury at official AELAcompetitions shall consist of amateurs in good standingexcept that, for divisional events, a jury may contain one ormore nonamateur members of the APLA if such a decisionis made by affirmative action of the appropriate governing body. Inemergency circumstances the jury may, in the absolute discretion of the Bout Committee,be limited to a president and two judges The Bout Committee shall makeevery effort to appon.t juries that shall be as neutral as possible U.S (addition) The appointment of juries lies exclusivelyin Iii jurisdiction of the Bout Committee TheBout Committee shall immediately replace any member of thejury whenever in its opinion such replacementt,necessary ordesirable,foranyreason whatsoever. By the acceptance of a positionon a jury, each of its members is honor bound to respect the rules andto cause them to be respected, and to carry out his functions withscrupulous impartiality and the most sustained attention. 3. Auxiliary personnelScorers andtimekeepers. Whenever possible theorganizers will appoint, on their own responsibility, scorers whose duty willbe to keep the scoresheet and scoreboards, and a timekeeper whoseduty will be to keep time for the duration of the bouts.

TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 157 B. Judging by a Jury I. Duties of the president. The president, standing at an equal distance trim each contestant and as nearly a' possible, about 4 meters (13 feet, 2 inches) from the field of play. shall pay special attention to the play as a whole and to the sequence of play (phrase (rarities)

2. Positions occupied by the judges. The two judges placed on the rightofthepresidentshallwatchandverifyespeciallythe materiality of touches winch may be received by the fencer on the left of the president. Similarly, the two judges placed on the left of the president shall watch and verily especially the materiality of touches witch may he received by the fencer on the right of the president 1',S, (addawn) lite judges are requned to stand aboutI mete' (3 feet. 3 im hes) behind and to the side of the opponent of the fencer whom they are watching This position protects the judges against possible injuo from the contestants' weapons and gives the president a clear view of the play of both fence's 3. Method of judging utProcedureI he president is in charge of directing the bout, he alone gives the commands However, ai,.; other member of the jury may gb.e the command "HAI but only if he thinks that there ina!,, be an accident Fxsept in this case, the function of a judge is only to advise the president w hen he sees, 01 thinks he sees, a tut Ile should do so b7 raising his hand As soon as a judge s 'es a hit (whethei on sated target or not/ arin.e on the fencer whom he is watching, he must raise his hand to advise the president All Ridging is conducted aloud and without the members of the jury leaving the positions which they occupy. The jury is not bound 1),a fencer's acknowledgment of a hit as permitted by the rules 1 he ;my first decides the mateliality 01 the hit(s) The president then alone decides which fencer has been touched according to the comentional inks for the weapon, b) Matenahly 1,1 the hit As soon as the bout has been stopped, the president shall bileily describe the movements which composed the last sequence of play (phrase) before the command "Halt''' Ile then shall question the two judges watching one fencer to ascertain whether, to their opinion. each of the movements In Ills analysis has 'milted in a hiton that contestant, he shallfollow the same procedure for the other contestant When questioned, the judges shall reply m one of the following ways Yes:- "Yes. but invalid: No.- or "Abstention.- 158 DGINS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE US. (note) In the United States, the preferred answer for hits outside the target is "Of f target" instead of "Yes, but invalid The president then shall total the votes east on each side, the opinion of each judge being counted as I vote, that of the president as 11/2 votes, and abstentions not being counted at all ( I)If both Judges on the same side agree in a definite opinion (either both say "Yes," or both say "No," or both say -Yes, but invalid"), the president simply accepts their judgment (2) If one of the judges has a definite opinion and the other abstains, the president may decide alone, since his vote prevails, if he also abstains, the decision of the judge who has a definite opinion prevails. (3) If the two judges have definite but contrary Opinions, or if bothabstain, thepresident may decide according tohis own observations, if he also abstains, the hit is regarded as doubtful. (4) In the case of a double abstention, the president may, as an exceptional measure, ask the opinions of the two otherjudges if he considers that they were better placed to see the hit for examplea riposte on the back made on a fencer who has made a fleche attack and has passed his opponent. (5) A doubtful hit is never scored against the contestant who mighthave receivedit, but, on the other hand, any hit made subsequently or simultaneouslyinthe same sequence of play (phrase) by the fencer who has thus been granted the benefit of the doubtmustalsobeannulledWithregardtoa touch made subsequently by the fencer who originally made the doabtful the following alternatives must be kept in mind (a)Ifthe new touch (remise, redoublement, or riposte)is made by a fencer who made the doubtful hit without any hit having been made by his opponent, this new touch shall be scored (b) But if the doubt concerns the surface on which the hit arrived(one "Yes," one "Yes, butinvalid," and thedirector abstains), no other hit in that phrase can be scored. (e) The same is true if, between the doubtful hit and the new touch by the same contestant, his opponent has made a hit that has been annulled because of the original "benefit of the doubt."

c)Validity or priority of the ha After the jury has decided the materiality of a hit, the president acting alone and without further consultation of the judges, and by applying the conventional rules for each weapon shall decide which fencer has alone been touched, or whether there is no valid touch TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 159 PART TWO: FOIL

CHAPTER IV. THE CONVENTIONS OF FOIL. FENCING A. Method of making a hit The foil is a thrusting weapon only Offensiv,: actions with this weapon shall be made with the point and with (I'. point only

B. Target I. Limitation of the target.The target for women extends from the top of the neck to the lines of the groin in front, and a horizontal line across the top of the hipbones. on the back and sides. excluding the arms up to the shoulders The bib of the mask is not included in the target 2. Extension of the targetHits arriving on a partofthe body outside the target shall nevertheless be counted as valid touches if thefencer, eitherintentionally or as aresultofan abnormal position, substitutes a ,Aormally invalid surtax lor a part of the target 3.Hits off the target. Any hitmade directly or as a result of the parry by one of the contestants on a part of (liebody other than the target shall stop the sequence of play and shall annul all hits which are scored thereafter

C. Clinches and Running Attacks Infoil, when a fencer systematically causes the clinch (corps a corps) even without violence or unnecessary roughness he shall be penalized one touch after a single warning during the bout. This iuleshall be equally applicable to any running attacks (fleches) which systematically end m a clinch. U.S. lard ?cations) (a) In the United States a fencer is deemed tocausetheclinch",y%teinatically- whentheclinch 1% an intentionalconsequ' :Iceofhismethodorsystemofplay Accordingly,a warning skould normally be given on thelirst offense Only a clinch that results from a fall or other accident or one caused by the forward movement of both fencers.is excluded from this rule. (b) In the United States the one-touch penalty against the offending fencer shall be applicable after a warning to each lepetitron of clinch during the same bout

E. Judging of Hits at Foil Foilcompetitions are Judged with an electrical apparatusI his is obligatory for the official -ompetitions of the In the case of all

160 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE othercompetitions,theorganizers are obligedto makean announcement in advanceifitis intended that they should be judged by a jury

F, Materiality of the Hit 1. With a jury. See Part Gue, Chapter VII, Article B, "Judging by a Jury, p 158. 2. With an electrical judging apparatus a) The indications of the electrical apparatus can alone be taken into consideration for Judging the materially of hitsUnder no circumstances can the president declare a hit unless the hit has been properly registered by the apparatus (except as a penalty as laid down in the regulations) When using the apparatus it should he noted that (I)Ifboth signal lights (white and colored) appear on the same side of the apparatus,i nonvalid hit has preceded a valid hit. (2)'Ihe apparatus does not otherwise indicate whether there is any pnouty in time between two or more hits which it registers simultaneously b) The president will disiegard hits which are registered as a result of hits made bet ore the word "Play" or aftei the word "Halt- which me made on the ground (when there is no metallic piste or outside it) or which are made on any other object othei than the opponent of his equipment. A competitor who intentionally causes the apparatus to iegister a hitby placing his point on any surface other than that ofhis opponent will, aftci a warning which will be sufficient for the whole pool or match or thelastIS bouts bydirectelimination, be penalized by one hit. c) The presidentmust, on the mho handtake in account possible failures of the electrical equipment, in particular. ( )lle must annul a hit which he has Just awarded ,is a result of ahitregistered as onthevalidtaigel( colored lamp) ithe establishes, by tests made under his peisonal supervision before the bout has effectively lecommencedi and without changing anything whatever of the equipment in use either that a hit registered as "valid'' against the competitor against whom the hit has been awarded can be made without there being in fact a valid

I he fact that the president has called "play," or even thereafter a certain amount of time has elapsed, does not necessarily mean that "the bout has effectively recommenced" ifthe two fencers have maintained a passive attitude.In order that the bout should be considered to have effectively recommenced, the fencers should have engaged in a fencing phrase which could have affected the equipment in use TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 161 or that a -'nonvalid'' hit made by the fencer againstwhom the hit was awarded does not cause any hit either valid or nonvalid to be registered, or that a "valid- hit made by the fencer against whom the hit was awarded does not cause any hit either valid or nonvalid to be registered, or thatthe registrationofhit made by the competitor against whom the hit was awarded does not remain fixed on the apparatus (2) On the other hand, when the president has decided that a hit made by a competitor has priority, this hit shall not be annttllod if subsequently itis found that a valid hit made by Han opponent is registered as nonvalid or that the weapon of the fencer against whom the hit was awarded is permanently registering a nonvalid tut (3) If a lemer's equipmentdoesnotconformtothe provisions, ahit made oil the target which is registered by the apparatus a% valid will not be annulled. al the president must also apply the following rules. I) Only the last hit made before the fault was establiehed can be annulled (2) A competitor who makes any modification in or changes Ins equipment without being asked by the prestdent to do so. before the president has given his decision, loses all right to the annulment of the hit (3) Ifthe bout has effectively recommenced (cf. note to article c) (1) above), a competitor cannot claim the annulment of a hit awarded againstIii before the said reconimencement of the bout (4) The localizationof a faultfoundinthe equipment (including the equipment of the competitors) is of no importance lo1 this possible annulment. (5)Itis not necessary that the failure found should repeat itself each time a test is made, but it is essential that the fault should be manifested to the president without the possibility of doubt at least once during the tests made by hire Or under his supervision 16) The fact that the competitor against whom a hit has been awarded has broken his blade cannot alone Justify the annulment of that hit el Whenever accidental causes make it impossible to carry out tests, the hit will be considered "doubtful I)Ifhits areregistered simultaneously on both sides of the apparatus, and the president cannot establish the priority with Lertainty, he must replace the competitors on guard ,c)In accoulance with the general rules, the president must stop the bout, even it no hit is registered by the apparatus. whenever play becomes confused and he is unable to analyze the phrase. 162 DGWS BOWLING-FENCING GUIDE /i) The president should also supervise the state of the metallic piste, he must now allow the bout to commence or to continue if the metallic piste has holes initwhich might affectthe proper registeringofhits(Theorganizers must make the necessary arrangements to ensure the rapid repair or replacement of the metallic piste )

G. Validity or Priority of the Hit 1.PrefaceWhatever method apresidenthas usedto make a decision regarding the materiality of a hit (either with the assistance of a jury or by the electrical judging apparatus), he then alone decides as to the validity or the priority of the hit by applying the following basic rules which are the conventions applicable to foil fencing.

2Observance 01 the fencing phrase a) Every correctly executed attack must be parried or completely evaded, and the orderly sequence of play (phrase d'armes) must be followed. The fencer who departs from this rule does so at his own riskIn order to judge the correctness of an attack. the following pomts must be considered (1)Ifthe attack starts when the opponent is "in line" (i e "with the arm extended and the point threatening the target"), the attacker must first deflect his opponent's weapon US. / (clarrjrcanon) Tins rule applies even if the attacker is also "in line" at the start of the attack (2) If,upon attempting to lindthe opponent's blade to deflectit,the attacker failsto findthe blade (derobementor trompement), the right of way passes to the opponent (3)11 the attack starts when the opponent is not "in line,- the attack, may proceed by a directthrust, by disengage, or cutover (coupe): or it may be preceded by one or mote efficient Ieints which impel the opponent to attempt to parry. b) The parry gives a fencer the right to riposte; the simple riposte may be direct or indirect, but to annul any subsequent action by the attacker itmust be executed immediately, without indecision of delay c)Ita composite attack is made, and the opponent finds the blade during one of the feints, he acquires the right to riposte d) Against composite attacks, the opponent has the rightto stop -hit, but to be valid the stop hit must precede the conclusion of the attack by a fencing tempo (temps d'escrune); that is, the stop hit must airive before the attacker has begun the final movement of the attack. TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 163 3. Judging of hits Pte/mina' noteIn explaining and applying the conventions, itis desirable to make clear the following. When, dining a sequence of play (phrase). both fencers are hit sunultaneously, there is either a simultaneous action (tempo commune), or a double hit (coup double, in coot ro) 1 he first, which is due to simultaneous conception and execution of the attack by both fencers. may fairly be regarded as involving no fault on either side; in this ease, the hits exchanged are annulled even if one of them has landed oil the target. The double hit (coup double), on the other hand, is the result of adistinctlyfaultyaction onthepart of one ofhe fencers. consequently. the fencer who isinthe wiong cannot derive any dvantage therefrom. Accordingly, when a double hit occurs and time is not a fencing tempo (temps d'eserune) between the two hits a) The lencei who is attacked is alone counted aQ hit ( 1)It he makes a stop hit against a simple attack (2)II, instead of parrying, he attempts to evade the hit (passata sotto, inquartata, etc.) and does not succeed in so doing. (3)If.aftera successful parry, he makes a momentary pause whichgiveshisopponenttherighttoretaketheattack (iedoublement, remise, or reprise of attack) (4) If, during a composite attack, he makes a stop hit without having the advantage of a fencing tempo (temps d'escrnne). (5)It, having been "in line" (arm extended and point threatening the target), and having been subjected to a beat or a taking of the blade (prase de lei) which deflects his weapon, he thrusts or replaces his blade in line instead of parrying a direct action made by his opponent b) fencer who attacks is alone counted a, hit ( I)IIhe attacks when his opponent is in line" (arm extended avid point tlueatennig the target) without deflecting the opponent's blade (2)Ifhe attempts to find the blade, does not succeed (because the oppone;has escaped01deceived), and he continues the attack (3)If. during a composite attack, his opponent finds the blade, andhecontinuestheattackwhiletheopponentupostes immediately (4)If, during a composite attack, he make~ a momentary pause, dining s hich time his opponent makes a stop hit, and he continues the attack (5)It, during a composite attack, he icceives a stop hit that arrives at fencing tempo (temps d'escume) before the c.oh,:lusion of the attack. 164 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE I,

(6) If he makes a hit by a remise, redoublement,or reprise of attack on his opponent's parry, wh;ch has been followed bya riposte which is immediate, simple, and executed inone period of fencing tune without withdrawing the arm. c) The fencers are replaced on guard (without a score) Whenever the president, in case of a double hit (coup double), is unable to determine clearly which fencer is at fault. When this occurs, he shall annul the hits and replace the contestants on guard. (One of the most difficult cases to judgearises when there is a stop hit which has a doubtful time advar.tage againstthe final movement of a composite attack. In general, in sucha case, the double hit results front the simultaneous fault of both fencers,which justifies the replacement on guard. The fault of the attackerconsists of indecision, slowness of execution, or the making of feintswhich are not sufficiently effective, while the fault of the defender lies in delay or slowness in making the stop hit.)

TECHNICAL RULES OF FENCING 165 Fencing Bibliography

GERI KISLER University of Wisconsin LaCrosse Books AMATEUR FENCING ASSOCIATION. Know the Game of Fencing. London Educational Productions. 1952 AMATEUR FENCERS LEAGUE OF AMERICA. Fencing Rulesand Manual. 19 71Available from AFLA, 33 62nd St.. West New York. N.J. 07093. SI. //ow toUnderstand and Enjoy the Sport of Fencing, n d.Available from AFLA. 33 62nd St., West New York, N.J. 07093. (Free upon request.) BARBISETTI, LUIGI. Art of Foil, Sabre and 1;pee. New York-E.P. Dutton & Co., 1936 $5. BERNHARD, FREDERICA and EDWARDS, VERNON. Howto Fence A Handbook Jor Teachers and Students. Dubuque, Iowa: W C. Brown Co., 1956. 53. BERTRAND. LEON. Fencers Companion, 1936 Availabletwin George Santelli, Inc., 412 Sixth Ave.. New York, N.Y.10011 95,t. BOWER, MURIEL and MORI, TORAO Fencing Dubun"..Iowa: W C. Brown Co.. 1966. 95q. CASTELLO. HUGO and CASTELLO. JAMESFencing,1962 Availaole from Castello Fencing Equipment Co.. 836 Broadway. New York, N.Y. 10003. $4. CASTELLO. JAMES. Setting Up A Fencing Program, n.d.Available from Castello Fencing Equipment Co., 836 Broadway.New York. N.Y 10003 (Free upon request.) CASTELLO, J. MARTINEL Theory and Practice of Fencing.1933. Available from Castello Fencing Equipment Co.. 836 Broadway. New York, N.Y. 10003. $4 95. CROSNIER. ROGER Fencing with the Electric Foil.Cranbury. NJ : A. S Barnes and Co., 1961 S5. Fencing with the Foil. Cranbury, N.J.: A. S. Barnes & Co.. 1955. 55. CURRY, NANCY L. Fencing. Pacific Palisades, Calif..Goodyear Publishing Co.. 1969. $1.50 DE BEAUMONT, CHARLES. Fencing Ancient Art and Modern Sport. Cranbury. N.J : A. S. Barnes & Co., 1955 $2.50. Fencing Technique in PicturesLondonHutton Press. 1955. 166 DGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE Modern British Barnes & Co., Fencing. 1966. 54.20. Cranbury. N.J..A. S. DELADRIER,CLOVIS Modern States Naval Fencing Annapolis, Institute, 194853.50. Md.: United DIVISION FORGIRLS AND Washington. D.C.. WOMEN'S SPORTS.Fencing Guide. AmericanAssociation for Education. andRecreation, 1966. Health, Physical EDUCATIONAL 51.25. PRODUCTIoNS,LTD. Know Fencing, 1963.Available 1. the Game-- Ave, New York, N Y. 10011.m George Santelh,Inc., 412 Sixth GARRET, MAXWELL.Fencing. New 1961 $1.95. York: SterlingPublishing Co.. FencingInstructors Institute, 1960$2. Guide.Chicago.Athletic //ow to Improve Institute, 196275¢. Your Fencing.Chicago: Athletic and HE1NECK,MARY F. Fencing. & Bacon, 1971. Boston: Allyn :LASE, GERALD J andROSENS*1 Education NewYork llolt, N, IRWIN.Modern Physical (Fencing chapterby A. JohnRmenart & Winston, IIETT, G..1_ Geraci.) 1966. $2.60. Fencing. London:Sir Isaac Pitman JOIINSTONE, JOHN.Fencing. Ann and Sons, 1950. Press, 1932. Arbor: Universityof Michigan LIDSTONE, R. A.Fencng. London: MOODY, DOROTHYL and Witherby PublishingCo., i952. Foil-Fencing 110EPNER, Fun andFundamentals BARBARA. Modern Publications, 1972.S5. (For Oakland, Calif NADI, ALDO teachers.) B & D. On Fencing.New York G. 53.50 P. Putnam'sSons, 1943 NOBBS, PERCY,Fencing rueful. Co., 1936. London: PhillipAllan Publishing PALFFY-ALPAR, iLILIUS. Swordand Masque. Davis Co., 1967. Philadelphia: F. A. SHEEN, GILLIAN.instructions to N.Y.: Sport Shelf,1958. 53.75.Young Fence's.New Rochelle, Sports illustratedBook of Fencing 1961. $2.95. New York. J.B. LippincottCo TERRONE, LEONARDO. Dodd, Mead & Right and LeftHand Fencing. Co., 1959.$3.50. New York: VANe1IER, MARYHELEN and Individual and POINDEXTER, W. B. SaundersTeam Sportsfor Girls and HALLY B. Publishing Co., Women. Philadelphia: VERBELL, ED;A LAUX, MICIIEL;1963. (Sectionon fencing.) Philadelphia: J. B. and FLIES, Lippincott Co.,1962 $2.95.CSABA. Fencing. FENCING 13181.10GRAPi4Y 167 VINCE, JOSEPH. Fencing. Available from Joseph Vince, 9416 Santa Monica Blvd , Beverly Hills, Calif. 1962 5'.50.

Out of Print BAZANCOURT, BARON. Secrets of the Sword. Translation. Bell & Sons: London, 1900 BERTRAND. LEON. Cut and Thrust. London Athletic Publication, 1927. CASTLE, EGERTON. Schools and Masters of Fence London: Bell & Sons. 1885. RONDELLE, LOUIS. Foil and SabreBoston. Estes & Lauriat. 1892.

Magazines Amencan Fencing Magazine. Bimonthly Amateur Fencers League of America, 33 62nd St., West New York, N.J. 07093. S3 annually Fencing Master British Academy of Fencing, 1 Adamson Rd.. Swiss Cottage, London. N.W. 3, England. Edited by Roy Goodall. S5 annually. Swordmaster. Quarterly. National Fencing Coaches Association of America, 16 N. Carrol St.. Madison, Wis. 53703. S3 annually

168 OGWS BOWLINGFENCING GUIDE DGWS SPE'':IALPUBLICATIONS

DGWS Research Report. Women in Sports. 1971...... (243. 06920) 1243-07730) GAA Manual. 1966 Handbook for Teaching Basketball Officiating. 1969 (243. 08038) (243. 25106) Manual for Teaching Western Riding Philosophy and Standards for Girls and Women's Sports 1972 1243. 25352) "Polly" Cartoons. Revised 1968...... (243. 07846) .. (243. 25170) "Polly" Cartoons II. 1971 . AIAW Handbook. 1972 published annually .(243-25344) . ..(243. 25160) Selected Archery Articles. 1971 .... Selected Aquatics Articles 1971 (243-07596) ...(243-25134) Selected Fencing Articles. 1971 ...... Selected Field Hockey and Lacrosse Articles 1971 (243-25162) Selected Gymnastics Articles. 1971 .(243-25164) Selected Riding Articles. 1969 ...... (243-08036) Selected Soccer-Speedball Articles. 1971 ...... (243-25152) Selected Softball Articles. 1969 (243-08044) Selected Tennis-Badminton Articles 1970 ...... (243-06894) Selected Track and Field Articles. 1971 (243-25166) Selected Volleyball Articles. 1970 .(243 -06896) .. (243-25124) Sports Programs for College Women ...... Training of Judges for Girls Gymnastics. 1971 (243-06922) Techniques Charts Archery. 1969 ...... (243-08046) ..(243-07842) Badminton. 1967 ...... (243.06878) Basketball. 1965 ...... (243-08048) Diving. 1969 ...... 1243-06874) Softball. 1967 ...... Swimming. 1971 (243-25130) (243-08050) Speedball. 1969 .. (243.07844) Tennis. 1967 ...... Fifth National Institute on Girls Sports 1969.Basketball, gymnastics, and track and field coaching and officiating ....(243. 08054)

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