May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10145 ADDITIONAL SPONSORS H.R. 3301: Mr. MOAKLEY, Mr. JEFFORDS, In the matter relating to the appropriate Mr. BRODHEAD, Mr. LAGOMARSINO, Mr. MAR­ level of total new budget authority decrease Under clause 4 of rule XXII, sponsors LENEE, Mr. FLORIO, Mr. KlLDEE, Mr. NOWAK, the amount by $620 million; were added to public bills and resolu­ Mr. VENTO, Mr. HORTON, Mr. DONNELLY, Mr. In the matter relating to the appropriate tions as follows: MOLLOHAN, Mr. GUDGER, Mr. BEVILL, Mr. level of total budget outlays decrease the MURPHY of Pennsylvania, Mr. STOKES, Mr. amount by $100 million; H.R. 1006: Mr. PEYSER. HUGHES, Mr. HANLEY, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. In the matter relating to Function 050: H.R. 1141: Mr. DoUGHERTY, Mr. BUCHANAN, National Defense decrease the amount for Mr. ATKINSON, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. RosE, and BLANCHARD, Mr. EVANS of Georgia., Mr. RATCH­ FORD, Mr. RICHMOND, Mr. ZEFERETTI, Mr. budget authority by $1 b1llion; and decrease Mr. WALGREN. FITHIAN, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. LUKEN, Mr. WoLPE, the amount for outlays by $355 mill1on. H.R. 1297: Mr. CORCORAN. Mr. BONKER, Mr. BEARD of Rhode Island, Mr. In the matter relating to Function 500: H.R. 1307: Mr. CARR, and Mr. KILDEE. BARNES, Mr. CORCOltAN, Mrs. BYRON, Mr. BAU­ Education, Training, Employment and Social H.R. 2109: Mr. LEDERER. Services increase the amount for budget au­ H.R. 2540: Mrs. SPELLMAN. MAN, Mrs. HECKLER, Mr. LOWRY, and Mr. RoE. H.R. 3927: Mr. MINETA. thority by $380 million; and increase the H.R. 2705: Mr. BONIOR Of Michigan, Mr. amount for outlays by $255 million. WEISS, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr. MURPHY Of New H.J. Res. 229: Mr. BETHUNE, Mr. CHENEY, York, Mr. LEHMAN, and Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. GoLDWATER, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. KEMP, Mr. H.R. 2846: Mr. KINDNESS, Mr. WHITEHURST, LEACH of Louisiana, and Mr. SKELTON. H.R.39 Mr. MURPHY Of Pennsylvania, Mr. BAFALIS, H.J. Res. 265: Mrs. SPELLMAN. By Mr. EMERY: Mr. EVANS Of Georgia, Mr. CLEVELAND, Mr. -Page 363, between lines 14 and 15. insert DORNAN, Mr. CORRADA, Mr. WOLFF, Mr. AN­ the following new subsection ( 1) and re­ DREWS of North Dakota, Mr. WEISS, Mr. SEI­ AMENDMENTS number subsequent subsections accord­ BERLING, Mr. GINGRICH, Mr. McCORMACK, Mr. ingly: BEDELL, Mr. LLOYD, Mr. NOLAN, and Mr. LEACH Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro­ (1) FURTHER ACTIVITY.-No further ex­ of Louisiana. posed amendments were submitted as ploration, other than that provided for in H.R. 3056: Mr. KOSTMAYER, Mr. BALDUS, Mr. follows: this section, and no development, shall be STEED, Mr. RUSSO, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, H. CON. RES. 107 permitted, except by Act of Congress and, Mr. ERDAHL, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. RoTH, and Ms. By Mr. COLEMAN: until the Secretary- MIKULSKI. -In the matter relating to the appropriate ( 1) has offered for lease all those areas H.R. 3196: Mr. 0BERSTAR, Mr. GILMAN, Mr. level of total new budget authority decrease in the Teshekpuk-Utukok National Wild­ MOAKLEY, Mr. THOMPSON, Mr. STOKES, Mr. the amount by $650 million; life Refuges which the Secretary intends to FORSYTHE, Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. WALKER, Mr. In the matter relating to the appropriate offer for lease pursuant to section 304(a) DEVINE, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. ST GERMAIN, Mr. level of total budget outlays decrease the (14) (D); FLOOD, Mr. MITCHELL of New York, Mr. ERTEL, amount by $650 million; (2) finds that sufficient exploration of the Mr. FASCELL, Mr. DOUGHERTY, Mr. HUGHES, In the matter relating to the amount of oil and gas potential of the Teshekpuk­ Mr. DAVIS OF Michigan, Mr. HOLLENBECK, Mr. the deficit decrease the amount by $650 mil­ Utukok National Wildlife Refuge has been WILLIAMS Of Montana, and Mrs. SCHROEDER. lion; completed so that reliable estimates of the H .. R 3245: Mr. BoNER of Tennessee, Mr. In the matter relating to the appropriate oil and gas potential of the refuge can be STOCKMAN, Mr. KOSTMA YER, Mr. COTTER, Mr. level of the public debt decrease the amount made based on the activities of the lessees HANSEN, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. DAN DANIEL, Mr. by $650 million; and such other information as is available !CHORD, Mr. TAUKE, Mr. ROBINSON, Mr. IRE­ In the matter relating to the amount by to the Secretary; and LAND, Mr. BUTLER, Mr. SYMMS, Mr. LOTT, Mr. which the statutory limit on the public debt (3) has submitted to the Congress a re­ JoNES of Oklahoma, Mr. COELHO, Mr. MITCH­ should accordingly be increased, decrease port containing ELL of NeW York, Mr. LEWIS, Mr. STENHOLM, the amount by $650 million. (i) an identification of those areas of the Mr. FoRSYTHE, Mr. WATKINS, Mr. NoLAN, Mr. In the matter relating to Income Security refuge which have oil and gas potential WINN, Mr. HARsHA, Mr. GRISHAM, Mr. COR­ decrease the amount for budget authority by and an estimate of the volume of the oll and MAN, Mr. JACOBS, Mr. SHELBY, Mr. HUCKABY, $650 m1llion; and decrease the amount for gas concerned; and Mr. PATTERSON. outlays by $650 m1llion. (11) a description of how such oll and gas, H.R. 3255: Mr. WEISS, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. By Mr. WEISS: if produced, may be transported to proc­ MURPHY of Pennsylvania, Mr. STOKES, Mr. -In the matter relating to the recommended essing facilities; and MITCHELL Of Maryland, Mr. WOLFF, Mr. VENTO, level of Federal revenues decrease the amount (iii) an evaluation of any environmental Mr. DOUGHERTY, Mr. CORRADA, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. by $100 m1llion; impacts which may occur as a result of the DRINAN, Mr. LOWRY, Mrs. CHISHOLM, Mr. In the matter relating to the amount by development of the oil and gas resources BONIOR vf Michigan, and Mr. BROWN Of which the aggregate level of Federal revenues of the refuge and proposed measures to California. should be decreased by $100 million; mitigate any adverse impacts.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PENSION ernment of the District of Columbia, we and then finally-in the dying hours of BILL IS A MONEY SAVER held 3 days of hearings on a bill to the 95th Congress-again through the fund these pension systems. House and Senate. In 1975, I succeeded to the chairman­ Unfortunately, the bill was vetoed. HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI ship of the subcommittee, and chaired Unfortunately, because the bill is, OF KENTUCKY 4 days of hearings on the same subject. simply put, a money saver. It saves IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In 1976, the subcommittee reported a money in two ways: bill to fund these retirement systems and First. It cuts back on the too-generous Monday, May 7, 1979 trim back their extensive benefits. The disability benefits which previous Con­ e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, in 1974, full District Committee reported the bill gresses had ordered; and I served on the District of Columbia to the House, but it died there. Second. The funding mechanism re­ Committee's Subcommittee on Fiscal Af­ In 1977, I reintroduced substantially duces the ultimate cost of paying for the fairs and, under the leadership of my the same bill and, my distinguished col­ benefits already earned. good friend and former colleague Con­ league Congressman RoN DELLUMS Unfortunately, also, because the De­ gressman Tom Rees, began a study of chaired 2 more days of hearings on the partment of Treasury actuaries told our the District's pension system for police, bill. committee that 1 year's delay in fund­ firefighters, teachers, and judges. As the following Washington Post ing raises the cost of the bill by a whop­ That year, focusing on a 1972 recom­ editorial details, this bill was pushed ping 47 percent. mendation of the federally created Com­ through the House and Senate, then However, if a pension bill for the Dis­ mission on the Organization of the Gov- through a long and difficult conference trict of Columbia is passed this year,

• This "bullet" symbol identifi.es statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 10146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 it will reduce the ult\mate cost of District The word Flag 1n itself means many things wish more Americans would get con­ retirement programs from a staggering tome. F is for the Freedom of religion, speech cerned, because we only make progress in 100 percent of payroll cost of a more and choice of government officials which we America when we work together to build acceptable 60 percent of payroll cost. enjoy. a better future.• I hope that my colleagues will read L is for our liberty bell which sounded the following editorial and support the out our freedom. enactment of this important legislation: A is for the land we call "America the REV. RAYMOND A. ROESCH RE­ THE "PREMIER RIP-OFF SYSTEM" beautiful." TIRES AS UNIVERSITY OF DAY­ G is for the God who shed his abundant TON PRESIDENT Last year President Carter vetoed one of grace on this great land. the most important legislative achievements We remain the land of the free and the of the 95th Congress on behalf of the District home of the braves. HON. TONY P. HALL of Columbia. It was a bill to stop a taxpayer­ I'm proud to salute the flag of the "United OF OHIO supported gravy train that could ride the States of America." town to financial ruin: the police and fire­ May we always honor her and fly her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fighter disability-pension system, also known proudly. May we carry what she represents Monday, May 7, 1979 by Sen. Thomas F. Eagleton's description of in our hearts wherever we may go. it as "far and away the premier rip-off system You are the greatest grand old flag "Old • Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, when in the United States." This legislation is set Glory." e the academic year ends this summer at for a reprise, and its enactment is more im­ the University of Dayton, it will mark portant than ever. the end of an era. In August Rev. Ray­ Under the system that Congress itself created about 50 years ago, disability retire­ SINATRA ON PRESS mond A. Roesch, S.M., will retire after 20 ments are numerous and fat. At one point, years as president of that distinguished for every regular retirement there were four institution-a landmark in my home­ disability retirements-and that's a lot of HON. JAMES M. COLLINS town since 1850. benefits, equalling 70 percent of current pay OF TEXAS Father Roesch will be succeeded by (tax-free) plus the same share of all future IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Brother Raymond Fitz, also a member of raises given to on-duty employees. Though Monday, May 7, 1979 the Society of Mary. I want to take this the proportion of disabUity retirements has opportunity to congratulate both men dipped in the last year, that's one gigantic • Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, and to offer to my colleagues a brief re­ tab for the city to pick up. The burden gets this weekend I took time to read a stack worse, too-for none of these liabilities has view of the "Roesch era." been truly financed. There's no fund to take of printed material. The best essay I For anyone living in the Miami Valley, care of these costs. read was one sent to me by Frank Sina­ Father Roesch's name is a household Last year's bill, the product of much hard tra. He had written a thought provoking word. For anyone associated with the legislative work by Sen. Eagleton and Rep. letter asking Congressmen whether they University of Dayton, he is a symbol of Ronald V. Dellums and their subcommittees, thought America's press had a problem excellence and quality in the field of would have stabilized the shaky financing of with their unlimited power. education. pensions not just of police officers and fire­ fighters, but of municipal judges, school ad­ The fact that Frank Sinatra took the It was a banner day for the university ministrators and teachers as well. The meas­ time as an interested citizen to recom­ community and the city of Dayton when ure would have authorized the spending of mend a 39 page essay caused me to file Father Roesch took over the reins of the up to $65 million a year in federal money this story. college administration in 1959. The Uni­ for 25 years, and it would have tightened dis­ It is good reading. It was titled, "The versity of Dayton was a small, unassum­ ability provisions for newly hired people (but Power of the Press: A Problem for our ing, Catholic college which sat on the hill not those already on the payroll) . Democracy" as written by Max M. Kam­ in Dayton's south side. The university Unfortunately, White House advisers mis­ was comprised of a handful of buildings read the measure as just another big fed­ pelman. It was printed in Policy Review eral-spending bill and Mr. Carter let it die which is a publication of the Heritage and overlooked a city of Dayton whose unsigned at Camp David in November. But Foundation. skyline was just developing. now Chairman Dellums and Eagleton have Kampelman points out that freedom In the next 20 years both the face and reintroduced the House-Senate proposal of of press is essential to political liberty. shape of the University of Dayton, and last year and have scheduled prompt hear­ But then he documents the lack of bal­ the city from which it received its name ings. Having thoroughly considered this ance from the press. I was impressed changed considerably. During Father measure before, Congress need waste no time with the analysis of the Democrat Presi­ Roesch's presidency, 11 buildings and sending it back to Mr. Carter. This time, the additions to university structures were president should join Congress in recognizing dential primary in 1976 where Carter the urgent necessity of a sound-and got the big press. Carter took New Hamp­ completed at a total cost of more than tighter-pension-fund system to replace the shire where he got 30 percent of the vote $50 million. fiscally shaky and expensive system that con­ but 2,630 lines of coverage. Udall in sec­ It was also under Father Roesch's tinues to soak the city.e ond place got only 96 lines. leadership that the University of Dayton Then the next week when Scoop achieved its largest enrollment ever, over 10,000 students in 1967. During the Jackson won the much larger Massachu­ setts primary it was brushed off lightly. Roesch years, some 37,000 men and "OUR FLAG" ESSAY women earned University of Dayton Then when Scoop Jackson won impor­ diplomas. In short, it was during Father tant New York, the television coverage Roesch's presidency that the university HON. JOHN W. JENRETTE, JR. was only 25 percent that of New Hamp­ shire. attained the major college status which OF SOUTH CAROLINA it enjoys today. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kampelman reviewed the press on Father Roesch has not confined his ex­ Vietnam. He said statements opposed to Monday, May 7, 1979 pertise to the campus. He has served as Vietnam were quoted 842 times in 1972 director of the city of Dayton Chamber e Mr. JENRETI'E. Mr. Speaker, I am while those favoring Vietnam commit­ of Commerce and the Dayton Rotary submitting the following essay on "Our ment were only quoted 23 times. Club and has also been a board member Flag" by Dawn Myers. In checking CBS news, Kampelman of the Dayton Area Heart Association, WHAT MY FLAG MEANs To ME found stories critical of Vietnam were Good Samaritan Hospital, Dayton Coun­ When I look at our flag or "Old Glory" as aired 651 times while supportive of U.S. cil on World Affairs, the Dayton Art In­ she is affectionately called, I think of the policy aired 153 times. stitute and the Dayton YMCA. Father many times our brave men have defended her Although I was always opposed to Roesch was president of the Ohio Asso­ honor. I see Francis Scott Key writing the Vietnam, Kampelman's facts make you ciation in 1967-68 and was chairman of "Star Spangled Banner" while watching her softly wave by the dawn's early light. ask yourself, does the press give a fair the National Catholic Education Asso­ I see Betsy Ross sewing our first flag with shake? The press is so important to our ciation in 1971-72. He was named to such love and care. I vision the many brave Republic that they must continually re­ Who's Who in America in 1960. men carrying her into battle. I also see my view their own position. I know I join with all my colleagues in flag being torn and burned but also knowing I wish more folks like Frank Sinatra the House, and all the residents of the she wm always return to :fly even higher. would take an interest and sound off. I Dayton area, in congratulating this great May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10147 educator and administrator for his serv­ ers and to develop a better understanding Michele Chatfield, Technical Information ice to the University of Dayton and the of the ever changing and multifaceted world Specialist, Food and Drug Administration; community. We also offer our warm best of federal information. Medical Library Association. PROGRAM Lowell H. Hattery, Professor, Management wishes to his capable successor, Brother and Public Administration, American Uni­ Fitz.e Monday, May 21, 1979 versity. 8:00-9:00: Registration. Murray Howder, Chairman, Interest Group 9:00-9:15: Welcome. Dwight Ink, Direc­ on Government Documents, D.C. Library AMERICAN UNIVERSITY THIRD AN­ tor, Sponsored Research and Continuing Association. NUAL INSTITUTE ON FEDERAL Education, College of Public Affairs, Amer­ Marylou Knobbe, Librarian, Metropolitan INFORMATION: POLICIES AND ican University. Washington Council of Governments; Gov­ ACCESS THROUGH ITS COLLEGE National policies ernment Information Services Committee, OF PUBLIC AFFAffiS-MAY 21 AND 9:15-10:00: Whither the Government Special Libraries Association. 22, 1979. Printing Office: Revision of Title 44. Drew Terrence Kuch, Mitre Corporation; Poto­ McKay, Counsel, Joint Committee on Print­ mac Valley Chapter, American Society for ing. Information Science. HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY 10:00-10:45: NTIS: Pollcies !or the 80s. Margaret Milam, Assistant Law Librarian, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Melvin Day, Director, National Technical Washington College of Law; American As­ Information Service. sociation of Law Libraries. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 11:00-11:45: Reorganization at the Li­ Norman Scharpf, Executive Director, Monday, May 7, 1979 brary of Congress: Its Impact on Informa­ Graphic Communications Computer Associa­ tion Access and Dissemination. Elizabeth tion. e Mr. FOUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, on Stroup, Director, General Reference, Library Leroy Schwarzkopf, Documents Librarian, May 21 and 22, 1979, the American Uni­ of Congress. University of Maryland; Government Docu­ versity will hold its Third Annual In­ 1:00-1:45: Developing a Framework !or ments Roundtable, American Library Asso­ stitute on Federal Information: Policies National Information Policies. Jane Yurow, ciation. and Access through its College of Public Director, Information Issues Policy Paper, Paul Zurkowski, President, Information National Telecommunications and Informa­ Industry Association.e Affairs. tion Administration, Department of Com- Designed for users of Federal informa­ merce. tion in the public and private sectors, National developments this institute is intended to offer par­ 1:45-2:30: 38+ Federal Information Cen­ A TEXAS FOREIGN POLICY ticipants an opportunity to catch up on ters: What, Where, Why? Linda Neighbor­ the latest policies and program develop­ gall, Information Specialist, Federal Infor­ ments, discuss concerns with informa­ mation Center Program, General Services HON. RON PAUL tion policymakers and program man­ Administration. OF TEXAS 2:45-3:30: Machine-Readable Files: agers, and develop a clear conception of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the wealth of information that is avail­ Standards for Cataloging; Plans for Public Access. Joseph Duncan, Director, Office of Monday, May 7, 1979 able while exploring the general changes Federal Statistical Policy and Standards, De­ which have developed over the past partment of Commerce. • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, recently I year. 3:30-4:30: Federal Microform Develop­ sent a questionnaire to the people of the Organized with the cooperation of the ments: An Intimate View From the Field. 22d District. Although it was long and American Association of Law Libraries, Nancy Cline, Cochairman, Micropublishing complicated-more than 50 questions~ the Government Documents Round­ Advisory Council to the Public Printer and I received over 13,000 responses, which table of the American Library Associa­ Documents Librarian, Pennsylvania State shows the intense interest of Texans in tion, Government Information Services University Information laws passed by the the issues that affect our country. 95th Congress, Robert Chartrand, Senior Committee of the Special Libraries As­ Specialist in Information Sciences, CRS. On foreign policy questions-which sociation, Graphic Communications 5:30-6:30: Organizing the Executive Office rightly take a back seat to inflation and Computer Association, Information In­ of the President for Information Collection other domestic problems-the people dustry Association, Interest Group on and Dissemination. Sarah Kadec, Assistant voted overwhelmingly against subsidiz­ Government Documents of the D.C. Director, Information Management and Serv­ ing the defense of such wealthy allies as Library Association, the Medical Library ices Division, Executive Office of the Presi­ West Germany and Japan, for ending Association, the National Association of dent. foreign military and economic aid, for Government Communicators, and the Tuesday, May 22, 1979 making sure that Taiwan can always Potomac Valley Chapter of the Amer­ 9:00-9:15: Public- and Private-Sector purchase the weapons it needs for self­ ican Society for Information Science, it Roles for Federal Information Access in Era defense, and against President Carter's is hoped that libraries, publishers, and III: Conflict or Supplementation. Lowell H. "derecognition" of the free Chinese on Hattery, Professor of Management and Pub­ other information science users who may lic Administration, American University. that island nation. be interested will directly contact the A plurality also voted against the organizers, Melinda Beard and Lowell Federal information program developments House implementing the Panama Canal Hattery, at the American University by 9:15-10:00: New Online Resource: Labstat treaties and for ending financial support (Labor Statistics). R. C. Mendelssohn, As­ calling <202) 686-2513. sistant Commissioner, Systems and Stand­ of the United Nations. I include the following: ards, Department of Labor. Americans, in these days of massive INSTITUTE ON FEDERAL INFORMATION: POLICIES 10:15-11:00: Breakthroughs in Map Han­ Government inflation, spending, and AND ACCESS dUng: Access, Media, Processing. Gary North, taxation, are tired of seeing their hard­ FEDERAL INFORMATION-A YEAR OF CONTINUING Director, National Cartographic Information earned dollars flow overseas, where they CHANGE Center, U.S. Geological Survey. do our interests harm, rather than good. What is meant by "federal information 11:00-11:45: The National Audiovisual Re­ This money should be kept at home for policies?" Will any be changed? W111 those source. Diana Wade, Reference Librarian, our own people. Then there would be no changes affect access to federal information? National Audiovisual Center, National Ar­ excuse at all for the foreign junkets that How w111 new laws affect access? chives and Records Service. are justified with mumblings about over­ Are there trends in federal information 1:00-1:45: Late-Breaking Developments seeing foreign aid. which should be noted to enable better on the Federal Information Scene. Here are the results: planning? (e.g., micropublishing) 2:00-2:45: The 1980 Census Database: What are the new federal information New Approaches for Availabil1ty. Warren 1. Should the House vote to implement the progra.m.s? Glimpse, Assistant Chief, Data User Services, Panama Canal treaties? Yes 33%. No 47%. What services facmtate access to federal Bureau of the Census. Don't know 20%. information? 3:00-4:00: Federal Register: Fount of 2. Should the U.S. end its financial sup­ port o! the U.N.? Yes 49% No 40% Don't How can we achieve access to data bases Federal Information. Fred Emery, Director, know 11%. and new information resources? Federal Register, National Archives and Americas University's third annual insti­ Records Service. 3. Do you favor an end to foreign military tute will provide a forum at which users of and economic aid? Yes 57%. No 31%. Don't federal information meet with information PROGRAM COMMITTEE know 12%. policy makers and program directors to con­ Mark Carroll, Chief, Professional Publica­ 4. Was President Carter correct in "derec­ sider these and other questions. Participants tions, National Park Service; National Asso­ ognizing" Taiwan? Yes 24%. No 62%. Don't will have the opportunity to question speak- ciation of Government Communicators. know 14%. 10148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 5. Should we make sure Taiwan can always the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which By using the RICO statute, the govern­ purchase all the weapons it needs for its de­ was supervised by the Narcotics and Danger­ ment also seeks criminal forfeiture of prop­ fense? Yes 72% No 17% Don't know,ll%. ous Drugs Section of the Criminal Division erty owned by organization members that 6. Should West Germany, Japan, and other and U.S. Attorney . Jacob V. Eskenazi of allegedly was used to further their racketeer­ well-to-do allies pay for their own defense? Miami. ing activities. In that regard, Count 2 of Yes96%. No 2%.Don't know2%.e "I particularly want to commend Mr. Ben­ the indictment contains a provision that singer and Director Webster for their leader­ seeks forfeiture of three houses valued at ship in this cooperative effort," Mr. Bell said. approximately $1,000,000, several luxury "This is the largest case brought by the De­ yachts, the South Florida. Auto Auction, a partment in the drug trafficking field since used car auction for dealers in South Florida, MAJOR INDICTMENTS HIT DRUG I've been Attorney General, and the first an­ and three aircraft. TRAFFICKERS IN THEIR POCKET­ nounced fruits of our policy of combined Count 39 of the indictment charges Mein­ BOOKS FBI-DEA investigations into major drug ster and Platshorn engaged in a continuing trafficking. This approach combines the best criminal enterprise and in a series of drug of the FBI's expertise in investigating so­ violations with other organization members HON. LESTER L. WOLFF phisticated economic crime and the DEA's over whom they had direct control and su­ OF NEW YORK specialties in the drug field. This case well pervision and from whom they obtained sub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES illustrates our policy of law enforcement's stantial income and resources. Violation of pursuing the immense profits generated by this statute (21 USC 848) carries a possible Monday, May 7, 1979 major drug trafficking." maximum life sentence. This punishment is William Webster is director of the FBI. the most severe of any of the statutes • Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would Peter Bensinger is the Administrator of involved.e like to commend the Drug Enforcement DEA. Administration and the Department of Named as defendants: Justice for their efforts in the May 1 Robert Jay Meinster, 37, Miami Beach, FURTHER RESEARCH AND SERV­ indictments of 14 alleged members of Florida, businessman. ICES WITH REGARD TO RAPE a major Florida-Colombia drug smug­ Robert Elliot Platshorn, 36, Miami Beach, VICTIMS gling ring. These agencies, using the Florida, businessman. Federal Racketeering Influenced and Lynne Platshorn, 34, Miami Beach, Florida, bookkeeper. Corrupt Organization statute, are seek­ Dr. Morris Frederick Keller, 41, Chirop­ HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN ing criminal forfeiture of property odist. OF PENNSYLVANIA owned by members of the drug ring. Eugene Arter Meyers, 39, Tampa, Florida, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This property includes mansions, luxury seafood importer. yachts, aircraft, and other symbols of Randall Gene Fisher, 21, Fort Lauderdale, Monday, May 7, 1979 their wealth. Florida, boat captain. e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, today I These indictments are the result of Modesto Echeza.rreta-Cruz, 43, Key Bis­ join my colleagues Mr. WAXMAN and Mr. cayne, Florida, auto exporter. a relatively new trend in law enforce­ Richard Elliott Grant, Jr., 23, Hollywood, PREYER in introducing a bill to authorize ment which focuses on the tremendous Florida, businessman. funding for research and services with profits made by drug traffickers. Hear­ Raul Davna-Jimeno, 32, Santa Marta., regard to victims of rape. ings held by the Select Committee on Colombia, sugar, coffee grower-exporter; The rising incidence of forcible rape Narcotics Abuse and Control in both petroleum exporter. in this country is alarming. From 1968 Chicago and Miami have dealt with the Mark Steven Phillips, 30, Fort Lauderdale, through 1977, the rate of forcible rape­ financial aspects of drug trafficking Florida, Executive, Striker Aluminum number of rapes per 100,000 population­ such as money laundering. The commit­ Yachts. Carl Jerry London, 37, Clarksville, Georgia, has increased 83 per:ent. At this present tee has confirmed not only the tremen­ pllot, manager, day-care center. pace, the odds are better than 1 in 15 dous financial resources of these crim­ Gregory Francis Poulos, 32, Fort Lauder­ that a woman will be raped during her inals, but their successful efforts to dale, Florida, businessman. lifetime. According to the FBI, a rape is "legitimize" their profits via business in­ Ronald Benton Elliott, 41, Winter Haven, reported once every 10 minutes in the vestments. Florida, former airllne pllot. Restaurant United States. Not every rape is reported, My colleagues on the select committee, owner. however. National surveys report a ratio including Congressmen MoRGAN F. MuR­ Roy Roscoe Walker, Jr., 35, Winston-Salem, of 1 to 3.5 reported to unreported rapes. North Carolina, airline pllot. PHY, CHARLES B. RANGEL, TOM RAILS­ The indictment alleges that Meinster and This bill can begin to address this seri­ BACK, BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, MARro Br­ Platshorn, Miami businessmen and part­ ous situation by supporting a national AGGI, and DANTE B. FASCELL, WhO have ners in the South Florida Auto Auction in initiative to deal with the problems actively participated in focusing atten­ Miami, organized a criminal enterprise in associated with the crime of forcible tion on this area of the narcotics ap­ August 1974, when they began running tons rape. I would like to draw the attention paratus, are particularly pleased with of Colombian marijuana from South Florida of my colleagues to the text of my bill: this most recent case for it is pointed to storage facilities in PhUadephia, Penn­ sylvania, which at that time was their base H.R.- directly at the financial area. The co­ A blll to amend the Community Mental operative interagency efforts demon­ of operation. By mid-1976, it is alleged, the men relo­ Health Centers Act to provide for further strated here-the collaboration between cated their operation to the Miami area. research and services with regard to vic­ Federal and State forces-are equally where they began smuggling multiton loads tims of rape significant. of marijuana from Colombia to South Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Mr. Speaker, at this point, I would like Florida via aircraft, ocean-going vessels and Representatives of the United States of to insert for the RECORD a copy of the luxury yachts belonging to the organiza­ America in Congress assembled, That part D Department of Justice press release an­ tion. of title II of the Community Mental Health nouncing the indictment and arrest of The indictment states that the alleged Centers Act (42 U.S.C. 2689q) is amended by these drug smugglers: drug-smuggling enterprise is subject to the adding at the end thereof the following new federal Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt section: PRESS RELEASE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF Organization statute (commonly referred "ESTABLISHMENT OF GRANT PROGRAM JUSTICE, MAy 1, 1979 to as RICO) (18 USC 1961, 1962, 1963). "SEc. 232. (a) The Secretary, acting through Federal agents today arrested 14 persons Counts 1 and 2 of the indictment charge the National Center for the Prevention and indicted by a federal grand jury in Miami, that the defendants were a group of indi­ Control of Rape, shall make grants to, and Florida, on charges of operating a smuggling viduals engaged in a pattern of racketeering enter into contracts with, State and local ring responsible for bringing into the United activity that affected interstate and foreign government agencies, and nonprofit organiza­ States some 500 tons of Colombian mari­ commerce. juana in a 16-month period. tions, to carry out the provisions of this The pattern of racketeering activity is al­ section. Attorney General Griftin B. Bell said the leged to have been the illegal importation "(b) Any agency or organization which 40-count indictment, which was unsealed to­ and distribution of marijuana and cocaine, desires to receive a grant or enter into a day, was returned on Monday in the U.S. obstruction of justice, conspiracy to com­ contract under this section shall submit an District Court in Miami. It alleges violation mit kidnaping within the aircraft jurisdic­ application to the Secretary. Such an appli­ of 12 federal statutes. tion of the United States and use of a. cation shall be submitted in such form. and Mr. Bell noted that the indictments and communication facility, the telephone, to manner as the Secretary may require. The arrests followed a 12-month investigation by facilitate the smuggling and distribution of Secretary may award a grant or enter into the Drug Enforcement Administration and marijuana. and cocaine. a. contract under this section for- May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10149 "{1) the development and establishment "{2) The authority of the Secretary to operation. "Georgia Power reports more than of training programs (including counseling enter into contracts under subsection {b) is necessary, and we llke that," Mr. O'Reilly techniques for both victims of rape and of­ shall be effect!ve in any fiscal year only to stated. fenders for professional, paraprofessional, such extent or in such amounts as may be It was, in fact, this tendency of Georgia and volunteer personnel in the fields of law, provided in advance in appropriation Acts. Power to report to NRC even the most minute social service, mental health, and other re­ "{k) The Secretary in carrying out his occurrences, that was quickly utilized by lated fields who are or will become primarlly functions and administering the provisions long-time anti-nuclear advocates in the state engaged in areas relating to the problems of of this section and without regard to any to issue emotional charges that NRC records rape; other provision of this Act, is authorized to list Hatch as being extremely unsafe. "{2) direct treatment, which may in- obtain the services of not more than fifty-five Not only, as indicated above, are these clude-- full-time staff members to assist in carrying charges completely unsubstantiated, but in­ "{A) counseling for both the victims of out the functions of the National Center for stead indicate the Company's unceasing em· rape and offenders, the Prevention and Control of Rape. There phasis upon ultra-safe operation. Further­ "{B) medical, social, and legal services, are authorized to be appropriated to carry out more, the frequency of these Company re­ "{C) consultation with allled profession­ the provisions of this subsection $750,000 for ports, as the NRC official outlined to th~ als, and the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, PSC, indicates Georgia Power's openness to "{D) follow-up counseling; $750,000 for the fiscal year ending September suggestions on how to improve the plant's " {3) the development of programs of com­ 30, 1981, and $750,000 for the fiscal year end­ operating and safetY' performance. munity education and offender rehab111ta­ ing September 30, 1982.". In direct response to the Three Mile Island tion and counseling; accident, The Southern Company has formed "{4) necessary transportation costs, in­ its own top-level task force to re-examine cluding accompaniment to medical, social, the major operational and safety systems of and legal services; its three nuclear plants, including Georgia " {5) self-help programs; THE QUESTION OF NUCLEAR SAFETY Power's two fadlities and Alabama Power's "{6) the operation of telephone systems to Plant Flarley near Dothan. It is headed by provide assistance to victims of rape; Ruble A. Thomas, a vice president with nu­ "{7) emergency shelter programs; and HON. DAWSON MATHIS clear responsib111ties for Southern Company "{8) the support of demonstration proj­ OF GEORGIA Services, Inc., the engineering and technical ects which are likely to result in the devel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES services subsidiary of The Southern Com­ opment and implementation of methods of pany. Members include representatives of preventing rape, treating victims of rape, and Monday, May 7, 1979 Georgia Power, Alabama Power, Southern the prevention and treatment of social prob­ • Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, I believe Compe.ny Services, Oglethorpe Power Corpo­ lems related to rape. ration, and the Municipal Electric Authority "{c) Each entity participating in a pro­ the attached letter from R. W. Scherer, president of the Georgia Power Co., At­ of Georgia., who wlll work closely with nu­ gram under this section shall- clear experts from General Eleotric, Westing­ .. {1) establish a recordkeeping system to lanta, Ga., contains important informa­ house and Bechtel, firms that have partici­ insure the protection of the privacy of vic­ tion that we should take into account pated in Southern's nuclear program. tims of rape as well as other individuals during our current deliberations on the Meeting for the first time on April 5, the involved; question of nuclear safety. I ask that it task force decided to concentrate its initial "{2) establish internal procedures to mea­ be inserted in the RECORD, at this point. efforts on identifying the potential for im­ sure progress in achieving the goals stated by The letter follows: provement in the same .areas that came into the grantee or contractor in its application; question at Three Mile Island: design, op­ and GEORGIA POWER, erations, safety procedures, personnel train­ "(3) establish a continuing education pro­ April 26, 1979. Hon. DAWSON MATHIS, ing and evacuation plans. Any recommenda­ gram for all staff members, both volunteered tions that result wm be forthcoming by and paid. Washington, D.C. "(d) The Secretary, in awarding grants or DEAR DAwsoN: With increasing attention June and will be made available to the public, being given to nuclear safety as a result of the including state and federal regulatory offi­ entering into contracts under this section, cials. A series of on-site inspections has been shall give priority to those applications accident at the Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania, I want to take this opportunity scheduled by the task force, with the first. which- one, to Plant Hatch, tentatively set for May 2. " {1) are designed to deal directly with to keep you informed of steps Georgia Power and its parent firm, The Southern Company, The second phase of the task force's efforts specific and serious problems relating pri­ wlll be to re-examine all other systems at our marlly to rape; and have taken to improve the safety precautions " {2) are likely to be successful in carrying necessary with this particular form of elec­ nuclear plants. This phase is expected to last tricity production. several months. out the purposes of this section. Georgia. will draw 16 percent of its elec­ " {e) The Secretary shall review the effec­ As you know, Georgia Power is involved in the operation or construction of two nuclear tricity needs from nuclear power this year tiveness of the programs and projects carried and approximately 35 percent by the end out pursuant to this section. power plants. Plant Hatch near Baxley, with the first unit producing 800,000 kilowatts has of the next decade. I want you to know that "(f) Each summary submitted to Congress Georgia Power remains firmly committed to by the Secretary pursuant to section 231 shall been in commercial operation since 1975. A second Hatch unit of comparable size is nuclear power as a source of energy to fuel contain a digest of the activities funded pur­ scheduled to come officially on line in May of our state's healthy economy, but that we do suant to this section. this year. At Plant Vogtle, under construction so with e. heightened awareness of the need "{g) Not more than 5 percent nor less than near Waynesboro, two units will provide for continually improving vigilance in its 4 percent of any funds appropriated to carry 2,300,000 kilowatts of power in the mid to use. out the provisions of this section for any late 1980s. If I may provide additional information fiscal year may be used by the Secretary to At the outset, let me assure you that pres­ on this subject, please let me know. provide technical assistance to any nonprofit ent operations at Plant Hatch are conducted Sincerely yours, organization which desires to submit an ap­ with the utmost regard for the safety of plant R. W. SCHERER .• plication under this section. The Secretary employees and residents of nearby areas. This may provide such assistance to a nonprofit conscientiousness was documented before the organization, upon request for such assist­ Georgia Public Service Commission on Aprll 5 ance, if the Secretary determines that such when James O'Rellly, director of Region 2 for REVENUE SHARIN'G TO THE STATES organization does not possess the resources the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, re­ and expertise necessary to develop and sub­ ported on Plant Hatch's safety record. mit an appllcation without such assistance. "Nothing is unsafe at Plant Hatch, and it HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD "{h) The Secretary in carrying out the pro­ has never been shut down for safety reasons," vision of this section shall seek to coordinate the official stated. "If it were unsafe, it would OF CONNECTICUT his activities with other activities relating to be shut down." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rape carried out by the Secretary and the Mr. O'Rellly pointed out that in addition Monday, May 7, 1979 heads of other Federal agencies. to having a resident NRC inspector on the "{i) Not more than 90 percent of the costs site every day, the plant averages one inspec­ • Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, I would like of any project shall be funded by a grant or tion per week, most of which are unan­ to express my support for the Conable contract under this section. nounced and conducted at varying hours dur­ amendment to House Concurrent Reso­ "{j) {1) There are authorized to be appro­ ing the day and night. All inspections have lution 107, that would restore $2.3 bil­ priated to carry out the provisions of this shown that the plant is operated safely, he lion in general revenue sharing funds section (other than subsection (k)) $45,000,- said. for the States. 000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, It also was brought out in the official's ap­ 1980, $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending pearance before the PSC that Georgia Power The House Budget Committee deleted September 30, 1981, and $55,000,000 for the far exceeds NRC requirements for reporting the funds for State revenue sharing, de­ fiscal year ending September 30, 1982. any occurrences related to the nuclear plant spite the fact that the program will not 10150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 expire until September 30, 1980. Funds ance to the memorial, that we have in­ Look what Mexico discovered just recently­ have already been appropriated in State troduced our legislation. • more oil than exists in the Saudi Arabian and local budgets across the country, fields. Now, are we to presume that such vast and many States will have to hold spe­ deposits do not exist elsewhere? Of course cial sessions to enact tax increases or they do. We have the technology-let's use it. program cuts if the general revenue THE ENERGY CRUNCH AND THE Indeed, there is an energy problem-if there INTERNATIONAL CRISIS is no policy-what about energy priorities? funds are not appropriated. By the May Even these are poorly conceived and mis­ 15 deadline for the first budget resolu­ applied. tion, nearly one-half of the State legis­ HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN One of the leading priorities initiated by latures will have adjourned for the year. Washington to deal with the enormous trade State revenue sharing moneys sup­ OF CALIFORNIA imbalance due to huge all imports is to drive port a multitude of essential and effec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 55 miles per hour. Now that's like trying to tive programs in the areas of education, Monday, May 7, 1979 put out a forest fire with a water pistol. In health care, elderly benefits, and crim­ the first place, few observe the limit and sec­ • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, the gaso­ ondly, in some areas it is more wasteful in inal justice reform. In my State, Con­ line prices are soaring and the lines are time and efficiency than in the few gallons it necticut, we receive nearly $87 million getting longer; and the good people of saves. For example, 55 miles per hour may be annually in general revenue sharing the State of California are justifiably fine on freeways in urban areas whe.re higher funds. Of that $87 million $58 million speeds over short distances save only a losing their patience. Moreover, the minute or two and do result in higher death goes directly to local governments and Members of the House and Senate are the State receives a total of $29 million. rates because of the congested traffic. being treated to a foreign policy that But in the vast open spaces-relatively Last year, $6 million of the State share looks as if it were formulated somewhere lightly traveled-55 miles per hour is inade­ was passed on to local governments and over the .rainbow. quate and of negative value. No doubt, these the remaining $23 million was used to Mr. Hal Fishman, a distinguished com­ are difficult times. There is tremendous support mental health programs. mentator in Los Angeles and a great demand for oil in this country and in the in­ State revenue sharing funds are nec­ friend, had demonstrated a perceptive dustrialized world. And there will continue to be such demand until we develop our nu­ essary. Some have argued that the State insight into these problems. I would ask share of revenue sharing is no longer cle:u and solar resources-which we must do. my colleagues to consider his observa­ An immediate issue is price-not supply. We necessary because many States now have tions on the current energy and foreign substantial surpluses in their budgets. are stlll an industrial giant and should use policy issues confronting this country. our great economic power against OPEC However, statistics show that nearly half The comments follow: blackmailers when they try to exploit us with of the surplus is in only three States: exorbitant prices for their oil. Even this we Texas, Alaska, and California. COMMENTARY BY HAL FisHMAN ON CHANNEL 5 NEWSWATCH, MARCH 1, 1979 have not done. We merely passively accept I would urge my colleagues to support their price hikes, pay the bllls and watch the restoration of $2.3 billion in State It's panicsvllle time again. We get 3 percent inflation soar and our dollars diminish. In of our oil from Iran-that has been tem­ other words, it's time to act-to formulate a revenue sharing funds and the continu­ porarily cut off-so the Federal Government ation of programs that have already firm energy policy and carry it out to victory sends out the shock waves: The voices of as though we were in a war for our very sur­ proven their worth to so many people.• doom in the Carter Administration blare vival. Because in a very real way-we are. forth and news headlines proclaim the pos­ siblllty of 1.6 gallons of fuel per day, and COMMENTARY BY HAL FisHMAN ON CHANNEL 5 other dire fuel allocation and rationing pro­ NEWSWATCH, MARCH 2, 1979 FRANKLIN MEMORIAL cedures. Even Sheik Yamani of Saudi Arabia said there is no reason to be overly concerned. At no time in recent history have the Other countries can take up the Iranian slack international affairs of this country been until Iran exports again. For days, and even handled so badly, so ineptly, so dangerously. HON. WILLIAM H. GRAY III This is not a partisan statement; it is OF PENNSYLVANIA weeks, now, Mr. Carter and Mr. Schlesinger have been sounding off on the terrible be­ merely an observation based upon a careful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES havior patterns of the American public; chid­ analysis of recent events. I am convinced that Jerry Brown, Teddy Kennedy, Ronald Monday, May 7, 1979 ing us for our wastefulness and threatening us if we don't conserve. Reagan, or Howard Baker, to name a few, • Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, recently my Well, conservation is a most admirable could do a better job in the international colleagues from Pennsylvania and New philosophy, where practical-but for the Ad­ arena than Jimmy Carter. In a way, it's a Jersey joined me in introducing legisla­ ministration to blame the public when it has tragic observation. tion, H.R. 3614, which will insure the absolutely no energy policy of its own is irra­ When Mr. Carter assumed office, there adequate maintena;nce of the Benjamin tional. If the Federal Government proceeds was an appealing quality about the man­ on a crash program to build nuclear power he was a peanut farmer from Georgia who Franklin Memorial as the Nation's sole plants that are safe, clean and provide low made it big in State politics and whether monument to one of its greatest Found­ cost energy, and if the Federal Government you voted for or against him, there was the ing Fathers, Benjamin Franklin. provides the funds for research and long­ hope he would succeed. He wasn't a really All of our lives have been touched by term development of solar and geothermal famous name or great celebrity and Amer­ Benjamin Franklin's remarkable accom­ energy sources, there would be such a tre­ icans kind of like the story of the small­ plishments. He was one of our Nation's mendously reduced demand for petroleum town boy who makes good. Unfortunately, that there would be a glut of fossil fuels on this small-town boy is in way over his head. first true patriots, and his contributions the market, and the price would be driven The job is simply too big for him and he in domestic and foreign affairs were in­ drastically lower. is evidently incapable of meeting the chal­ valuable to the development of America. Instead of treating the cause of the prob­ lenge. I think it is time this was said pub­ Philadelphia is the home of a magnifi­ lem, the Administration is concerned only licly. It's not opinion, but fact, that Mr. cent monument to Benjamin Franklin. with the effects. For example, giving every car Carter journeyed to Mexico and insulted It has been a source of pride and inspira­ owner 1.6 gallons of fuel per day is simply the Mexican people and their President with tion to the many visitors who come to the ridiculous. It favors the rich and penalizes crudities about digestive problems at a time the poor. It has no impact on the idle and when extreme delicacy was essential con­ Benjamin Franklin Institute each year. sidering negotiations over sources of petro­ Mr. Speak-er, since 1938 approximately harms the worker. Some wealthy playboy with 2 or 3 cars and no steady job gets at least 144 leum. 20 million people have visited the great gallons of gas per month, while the worker In the Middle East crisis, the charades hall where a majestic 21-foot statue of who must drive to work some considerable at Camp David ultimately driven wedges Dr. Franklin sits. Through the years, the distance may lose his job because he can't between this country and friends we once Franklin Institute has borne the finan­ get to it. We're constantly being told that our would count upon on both sides of that cial burden of maintaining the hall and known reserves of oil are limited and they're conflict. It is almost inconceivable that a the interpretive educational displays running out. This part of the government's President of the United States could antag­ panic program reads like science fiction. onize both I.sra.el and Saudi Arabia.. The which highlight Dr. Franklin's achieve­ Images of frozen cities and immobile vehicles. ments. As the oost of maintenance has Saudis have cancelled a planned State visit Well, what about the unknown reserves. If because of their disaffection with Mr. increased over the years, the institute the government is dragging its feet on nu­ Carter, and the Israelis have been snubbed has found that it has become more diffi­ clear and solar power, why not give the oil by Carter, who calls a. summit conference cult to care for the memorial. It is for exploratory companies the tax incentives to with the number one m&n ln Israel and this purpose, to provide a modest assist- find and drill new sources on a massive scale. the number two man in Egypt. Now this May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10151 shows a. lack of diplomatic skill unpa.ra.lleled Under the provisions of the Young BiZZton in the annals of diplomacy. Families Homeownership Act, it would 1980 ------$0.52 At the same time, his brother is acting as take the same couple, saving the same 1981 ------1.46 a. virtual agent for a radical foreign power, amount of money per month, only 4 1982 ------1.66 Libya, that finances terrorism. The fact is years and 1 month to save the down­ 1983 ------1.97 that we have failed to check the expansion 1984 ------2.18 of those interests that are hostile to our payment. 1985 ------2.23 own anywhere on this Earth. If we have For those couples who can afford to put After 1985, costs would stabilize at ap­ any policy at all, it is "to not get involved". more than $200 aside each month, the proximately $2.2 billion per year. This only Well, we are involved. Our industrial and bill allows a maximum $500 tax credit per takes into account the loss of revenue as a economic life depends upon oil. We needed year. This means a couple could put up result of this program; it does not attempt a. stable Iran that was friendly to us and to figure in the addition~! revenue created our allies. The Shah was pressured to to $2,500 a year into the account. The account may total up to $10,000 over a by increased housing starts and the resulting liberalize his regime-and it was liberalized generated economic activity. right out of existence. We couldn't even 10-year period. The stipulations on ~his It is apparent that this bill will be bene­ defend our own embassy-in law, the terri­ account are that the money be used with­ ficial to all those who still seek to realize tory of the United Sta.tes-.from an attack in the 10-year period and that the money the American dream of owning your own we knew was inevitable. We were impotent only be used toward the downpayment home, and this group includes many more in stopping the murder of our Ambassador on a first house. than just young families (although statiS­ to Afghanistan while the Russians were di­ I have cosponsored a similar bill that tically they are the largest group) . There are recting the shootout in Kabul. additional considerations which make this In Africa., America could have filled the allows for a tax deduction on a savings bill attractive. power vacuum left by the departing colonial account established for a first home It will boost sa.vings. The U.S. League of powers with a wise grant of help to the downpayment. I favor the tax credit sim­ Savings Associations, pointing out that the emerging independent states economically, ply because it benefits more people. Lower U.S. ha.s the lowest personal savings rate of technically and militarily; but instead, that and middle income couples usually rent any industrialized nation, has supported leg­ role is now being filled by Russia, Cuba, and their homes and don't itemize deductions islation such as thiS as a means of providing Red China.. We lost our will in Africa just on their tax returns. A tax deduction increased funds for savings and loans institu­ as we did in Southeast Asia and the price we tions. This in turn will help to alleviate the are and will pay is just beginning to be felt. would not benefit them. But a tax credit pressure in the credit market and is expected These are ominous times in which we live. would not exclude anyone, regardless of to help stabilize or even lower interest rates The conflict in Asia. today reveals how close how they file their income taxes. in this area. great power confrontation actually is. I would like to urge my colleagues to Finally it will act as a stabilizing factor And yet, the President of the United States join me in cosponsoring this legislation. in the housing industry. New housing starts insists that even 1! the Senate does not For those who are not familiar wit.h the have been declining in recent months and approve a Strategic Arms Limitation Agree­ legislation, the text has been reprinted non-seasonal indicators point to a down­ ment with ~he Russians, he will observe it town. By facllitating the purchase of new anyway through the exercise of his executive below: homes through these rnA's we will serve to powers. Such a view is not only foolish, Mr. QuAYLE. Mr. Soeaker, today I am add­ bolster this economically crucial industry. and dangerous, but approaches a direct vio­ ing names to the cosponsorshio of H.R. 2410, Housing industry experts also predict that lation of the Constitution. the Young Fa.mmes Homeownership Act of this incentive will act to moderate the cycli­ These are but a. .few of the serious iSsues 1979. I am also pleased to provide informa­ cal nature of the housing industry, which facing this country in 1979. Next year is an tion on several of the features most promi­ in turn will moderate costs. election year and the great political parties nently mentioned in this Act. In short, this bill will have beneficial effects of this nation will selE:.ct candidates who The Young Fam1lles Homeownership Act for first-time home buyers, savings institu­ will aspire to the presidency. Let us hope establlc;hes individual housing accounts, tions, and the housing industry. It will cost they will be equal to the job.e into which contributions can be made by the government little in terms of these bene­ those persons who are saving toward the fits. In the many foreign industrialized na­ purchase of a first home. Tax credits of 20 tions where similar programs are already in percent may be taken on the contributions operation, they have proven highly successful to this account, for a maximum credit of and very popular. TAX CREDIT FOR NEW $500 per year. The account may total $10,000 Hearings are expected in the Senate on HOMEBUYERS over a. ten-year period, and interest on the this bill during the 96th Congress, and I am account is tax-free. hopeful of generating similar interest in this If the money is used for any purpose other body. We owe it to those who still believe in HON. NEWT GINGRICH the American dream to enact this legisla­ than to make the downpayment on a first tion .• OF GEORGIA home, there is a penalty and the tax benefits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are returned to the Treasury. This bill is structured as a credit and not Monday, May 7, 1979 a deduction due in large part to testimony SEND THE EPA THE BILL e Mr. GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, there given by the Department of the Treasury are many young couples trying to save when the Senate Banking Committee held hearings on a similar bill in 1977. It was the HON. ELWOOD HILLIS the downpayment for their first home. OF INDIANA I would like to bring to the attention of Treasury position that deductions would apply too extensively to those in the upper IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES my colleagues a way to take 1 year income brackets, whereas a. credit could be off the average time it would take to claimed by those in the middle and lower Monday, May 7, 1979 save a large downpayment. income levels. There is also the important • Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, in the Fri­ I am referring to the Young Families consideration that renters-certainly one of day, May 4 edition of the Wall Street Homeownership Act of 1979 offered by the most affected groups under this blll­ genera.lly do not itemize their tax returns Journal, there appeared an editorial en­ Representative DAN QUAYLE, of Indiana. and therefore could not take advantage of a titled "Send the EPA the Bill." This edi­ The bill will allow a 20-percent tax credit tax deduction. A credit, however, would be torial is an excellent description of why on savings accounts established for the useful. there currently is a shortage of unleaded downpayment on a first house. The in­ Treasury also testified that a tax deduction gasoline. terest on such an account would be tax­ would cause a. much greater loss of tax reve­ On Wednesday, May 9, the House of free. The 20-percent tax credit and the nue than a. tax credit. As a result of these Representatives will be asked to approve tax-free interest will take about 1 year views, the bill in the 95th Congress was the President's emergency standby au­ off the total savings time used to accumu­ amended to provide tax credits and to fur­ thority for gasoline rationing. The basic late the downpayment on an average ther restrict its appllcablllty to first homes assumption which the President uses to priced house. only. This bill reflects those changes. justify this measure is that the supply I read that the average priced new Cost estimates for this bill vary somewhat of gasoline is limited. With demand run­ according to basic assumptions on the num­ home has risen from $23,400 in 1970 to ber of participants in the prcgram. It is gen­ ning higher than supply, shortages are $67,600 this year. The average downpay­ erally conceded that roughly 50 percent of inevitable. According to the President, ment on a $67,600 house is $13,000. The those eligible wlll actually ut111ze iliA's. The the only fair way to cope with this sit­ way I figured it, it would take 5 years Joint Committee on Taxation estimates the uation is to institute gasoline ration­ and 1 month for a couple saving $200 per following costs to the federal government for ing. month to accumulate the downpayment. H.R. 2410: The fallacy of this argument as out- 10152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 lined by the Journal's editorial is that bined with the colder-than-normal winter The price keeps going up and the regula­ the supply of gasoline is not completely we've just endured, you have a serious run­ tions on how and when to use the land keep predetermined by our supply of crude down in the spring stocks of heating oil. coming down. What's more, an increasing So energy czar Schlesinger has ordered the amount of land is being withdrawn for oil. There are methods of increasing the refiners to build up heating oil stocks for wilderness designation. supply of gasoline without increasing next winter before they switch their re­ Grass growing on public land is a renew­ consumption of crude oil. fineries over to their maximum capacity to able resources that must be harvested despite It is incomprehensible to me why the make gasoline. (There's an overlap in the any pie-in-the-sky desires of Washington administration prefers gasoline ration­ crude fractions tha.t enables refiners to make bureaucrats. ing to other available methods of cop­ either relatively more heating oil or more Labor in the sheep industry carries With ing with insufficient gasoline supplies. gasoline to suit seasonal demands.) it the same contradiction as it does in the Put all this together and you have motor­ fruit industry. The government has pre­ Since the short supply of gasoline is ists wandering around looking for unleaded cluded the use of foreign sheepherders on artificially caused by Federal regula­ gasoline, courtesy of .their Federal Govern­ the basis that there are domestic workers tions, why not enact Federal regulations ment. EPA need not have caused this short­ available that can and must be used. If that which will mcrease the supply instead age. Its insistence on catalysts was unnec­ is the case, the whereabouts of those workers of imposing the horrors of gasoline ra­ essary to achievement of acceptable air remains a mystery to those of us outside tioning on the American people? quality. It has subsequently displayed its the government. I hope my colleagues will read the edi­ arbitrariness by rejecting MTM, a lead sub­ One of the more readily acceptable forms torial which follows this statement and stitute which is compatible with catalysts, of predator control on public lands 1s also which would have stretched the gasoline sup­ one of the most expensive and energy con­ keep it in mind when voting on the Presi­ ply and which EPA cannot show to have sumptive: get permission, hire a helicopter dent's proposal this Wednesday. adverse health effects when emitted with at $165 an hour and shoot the predators. The editorial follows: exhaust. A more practical method, like the M-44 SEND THE EPA THE BILL The government's answer to the problem cyanide gun can be used on public land only Motorists are once again being forced to ts not to send someone in to shake up the after compliance with 26 regulations. prowl the streets and highways in search of EPA but to send someone out to shake up By government regulation the polson 1080 gasoline, wasting their own time and what the consumer, by issuing him with ration can be shipped across state lines !or rat fuel they have left in their tanks. The poli­ stamps and letting him line up at the gaso­ control but it cannot be shipped across state ticians are once again urging them to be­ line pumps while the attendant and the lines for coyote control. lieve that they are victims of an oil industry bureaucrats try to manage his coupons. These kinds of regulations coupled with conspiracy. The administration, ever alert We only hope those motorists sitting in the government's import policy promise to for new bureaucracy expanders, is trying to lines will begin to wonder why it is that the create a foreign dependence on food similar overcome congressional resistance to standby oil companies get blamed for everything.e to our current foreign dependence on energy. gas rationing. Australians and New Zealanders w'ho do not With all the misinformation and con­ face the same costly regulations as American spiracy theories being spread about, it might WESTERN AGRICULTURE IS IN DEEP sheepmen are shipping lamb into the United be hard for the harassed driver to believe TROUBLE States that sells for 50 cents a pound less that there are some reasonably simply rea­ than lamb produced in the United States. sons for his dtmculties in buying unleaded Domestic producers should be given an gasoline. If he must fix on one single villain HON. JAMES P. (JIM) JOHNSON equal chance in the marketplace, either by other than the Ayatollah Khomeini, we OF COLORADO being allowed to grow sheep under the same would suggest the Environmental Protection terms as foreign producers or by adoption of Agency. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a 50-cent per pound import duty. There is a shortage of unleaded gasoline Monday, May 7, 1979 Of the $300 to $500 paid for a wool suit because the EPA, in infiicting its auto ex­ today, the woolgrower gets $2.75. Of the haust emission rules, misjudged how rapidly • Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Speak­ roughly $3 per pound lamb in the super­ those rules would raise demand for unleaded er, there seems to be a never-ending lack market, the sheepman gets 60 cents a pound gasoline. That is the central problem. It has of understanding by this administration live. And those 60-cents a pound sheep are been aggravated by Iran's troubles, by some of the special problems of agriculture in being hauled and herded by people using a special interest boodling Congress wrote into the West. This is very clearly illustrated pickup truck that now costs $10,000. the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of in a recent commentary by Chris Jouflas, I! food produced in the United States in­ 1975 and by DOE's premature efforts to force creased at the same level as other goods or industrial users of natural gas to switch a longtime Colorado sheepman, published services, such as medicine, a great many to other fuels. in the Grand Junction Sentinel. people would be going hungry today and First the EPA. It has forced rapid conver­ I commend the article to my col­ the economy would be in shambles. sion to unleaded and low-lead gasoUne with­ leagues: The sheep industry as we know it is out accurately gauging the consequences for WESTERN AGRICULTURE Is IN DEEP TROUBLE dwindling. It is difficult to assemble new petroleum refining. When refiners take the Agriculture is the nation's number one in­ ranches and it is difficult to retain the exist­ lead out of gasoline, they must use more of dustry, employer, inflation fighter and ex­ ing ones in the face of the challenges facing the scarce natural elements in crude on to porter. It has assets of $768 billion, employs agriculture and the increasing value of land give gasoline its necessary anti-knock prop­ around 15 m1llion people, has a rate of pro­ for other purposes. erties. You thus get less gasoline from a ductivity double that of non-farm industry And, that does not affect only the sheep­ barrel of crude when you are making un­ and exported more than $27 bil11on in 1978. man. It affects the prices paid !or food and leaded or low-lead fuel than when you are Most importantly, American agriculture fiber and the strength and diverslfication using lead. feeds the nation. Meat, bread, vegetables and of our local and regional economies.e New catalyst-equipped cars that require other foods are not produced in super­ unleaded have been selling briskly. EPA, as markets, they are only sold there. any recent buyer knows, routinely overesti­ But agriculture, particularly agriculture in mates their gasoline mileage performance. the West is in trouble. The trouble is double­ Unleaded demand has shot up 70 percent in pronged pincers called government regula­ AN INSPIRATION FOR ALL OF US: the last two years and Will go up another tion and inflation and it appears that the SISTER GLORIA COLEMAN 22 percent this year, according to a Chase effect wlll lead to the end of a viable sheep Manhattan Bank estimate. industry in the West and continued difficul­ While the EPA is forcing unleaded demand ties for cattlemen and farmers. HON. WILLIAM H. GRAY III upward DOE has a ceiling clamped on the I! you doubt that, take a look at the Eagle price, discouraging expansion of capacity. River drainage. Several years ago, 50,000 OF PENNSYLVANIA The energy act, with its well-known "small­ sheep grazed the area; today only 5,000 sheep IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES definer bias" designed for the benefit of good graze there. Monday, May 7, 1979 friends of certain key Congressmen, further Effective March 1, the Carter Administra­ discourages construction of the large re­ tion raised grazing fees by the maximum • Mr. GRAY. Mr. Speaker, perhaps the fineries that are most efficient in separating legalllmit, 25 percent. This is the same Carter most significant award presented each out the components needed to make un­ Administration that established a seven per­ year in Philadelphia is the Gimbel leaded. cent wage and price guideline in hopes of Award, which honors an individual who Add in the Iranian crude production shut­ curbing inflation. down, which has kept refiners operating at The increase affects only public land users has made an outstanding and unique less than capacity. Then add in the natural in the West, where many ranchers are tied to contribution to the civic life, welfare, gas act, which unnecessarily and prema­ the federal permit system. It is a privilege and humanity of our city. turely forced some large natural gas users to be a federal permittee but it is becoming This year, for the first time in its 47- to switch to heating oil. When that is com- more dimcult and more expensive. year history, the Gimbel Award has been May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10153 presented to a member of a religious UNDER A TRUE GOLD STANDARD, was just a quotient in a long division prob­ THE FREE MARKET DOES NOT lem, that is, 480 divided by 23.22 equals order. The honoree is Sister Gloria Cole­ 20.67. This is not fixing a price; it is simply man, who serves on the staff of the of­ FIX THE PRICE OF GOLD the number of dollars the Mint can coin fice of the Cardinal's Commission on Hu­ from an ounce of gold. Of course, the Mint man Relations of the Archdiocese of HON. RON PAUL has to make sure that the gold content of Philadelphia. the coins-23.22 grains per dollar-does not I am proud to say that I have served OF TEXAS vary. Imagine that a gold Ininer brought 100 with Sister Gloria on the executive com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ounces of gold to the Mint and asked that Monday, May 7, 1979 the metal be struck into coins so that he mittee of the Philadelphia Interreligious could spend it. lt was his gold; he mined it. Task Force on Soviet Jewry. This is just • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, recently I The Mint would have given him $2,067 in one of the many organizations whose did a survey of my constituents in the gold coins for his metal-until 1933. work has benefited from the leadership 22d District of Texas. All the results are When a nation is on the gold standard, and participation of Sister Gloria, and not in yet, but on the question of whether gold has no market price. It is the material I have seen first hand her unselfish dedi­ in which all prices are quoted. All other our dollar should be backed by gold or monies, i.e., bank notes, checking accounts, cation to justice, equality, and the im­ silver, a preliminary count shows: 74 provement of the quality of life for all and a few others, are directly or indirectly percent, yes; 17 percent, no; and 9 redeemable in gold dollars on demand. people. percent, not sure. Sister Gloria has labored for thousands GOLD DOES HAVE MARKET PRICE UNDER A PAPER I believe the people of this country STANDARD of hours beyond the call of duty on a would welcome a dollar backed by more Today the United States is on a fiat paper wide range of issues. She has subjected than the promises of politicians. money standard. There can be no further herself to personal danger by visiting One of the clearest voices in favor of doubt about it since August 15, 1971. What is the Soviet Union to meet with dissidents a backed currency is Dr. Donald Kem­ the price of the paper dollar bill? It is and activists; and she has worked tire­ merer's. As president of the Committee another paper dollar. Now, gold is just a lessly to relieve the tensions in our com­ for Monetary Research and Education, commodity, like tobacco, soy beans, coffee munity caused by interfaith and inter­ he has clarified many of the issues in­ oil or lettuce. The market place determine:; community misunderstandings. the price of gold in terms of paper dallas volved in a backed currency. just as it determines the prices of those other Mr. Speaker, the trustees of the Phil­ Recently, he addressed the question of commodities in paper dollars. Also, as the adelphia Gimbel Award can be exceed­ whether a gold standard would call for buying power of the paper dollar dwindles ingly proud of their selection of Sister a fixed price for gold. I woUld like to as a result of currency infiation growing out Gloria Coleman for this year's tribute. call Dr. Kemmerer's excellent article to of chronic deficits, the prices of gold and I extend my congratulations to her, and my colleagues' attention. As inflation other commodities tend to rise. I offer for the RECORD the following edi­ continues to rob the productive people During the American Civll War, 1861- torial commentary from the Philadelphia 65 , and for some years afterwards, when the in our country, and those on fixed in­ nation was temporarily off the gold stand­ Inquirer of May 4, 1979, as an expression comes, we need to take Dr. Kemmerer's ard and on a fiat paper money standard, the of the inspiration that Sister Gloria in­ views seriously. market place also determined the price of stills in all of us in Philadelphia: The article follows: gold in terms of Greenback (fiat paper SISTER GLORIA'S INSPIRATION A common criticism of the gold standard money) dollars. That market place was the Some rare individuals live their lives in is that it calls for a fixed price for gold. then renowned Gold Room, an adjunct of tireless pursuit of justice, understanding Monetarists in particular are emphatic about the New York Stock Exchange. But when and harmony among human beings. Sister this. This is not a valid criticism for it is the country retur.ned to the gold standard Gloria Coleman is such a person in the eyes based on a misunderstanding o! the gold on January 2, 1879, the price of a gold dol­ of those who name the recipient of the Gim­ standard or any other commodity standard. lar was again a gold dollar or else a bank bel Philadelphia Award. This week Sister "Keep your eye on the ball," is the advice note convertible into a gold dollar. The Gold Gloria, associate director for ecumenical and an instructor gives when you play golf or Room had no more business and it closed. interfaith affairs of the Cardinal's Commis­ tennis or almost any game involving a ball. WHY THE CONFUSION ABOUT THE GOLD sion on Human Relations, was present~:-d the The same principle applies when one dis­ STANDARD? award, given yearly to women who have out­ cusses money standards. One must keep one's All of the above seems clear, if not ob­ standingly served humanity. thinking on the standard he is considering. vious. How could so many intelligent peo­ Sister Gloria is the first member of a reli­ SHOULD A MEASURE OF WEIGHT VARY? ple, among them many distinguished econ­ gious order to receive the Award since it was The colonists in 17th century Virginia omists, become confused? established in 1932. Her nomination for it used tobacco as money. A pound of tobacco The confusion arose from the hybrid kind by B'nai B'rith Women of Greater Phlladel­ was the unit of account, that is, the stand­ of money standard that this nation had from phia indicates the focus of her work: greater ·ard money. Would free market proponents 1934-71. The government left the gold coin understanding among people of different of the 20th century say that the market standard in March, 1933 and said that it re­ faiths. should somehow determine how many turned to a gold sta.ndard in January, 1934. A list of Sister Gloria's a1filiations is im­ ounces a pound should weigh, with the Upon returning, the guvernment "devalued" pressive. She has chaired the Philadelphia weight varying from one day to the next? (lowered the gold content of} the dollar Interreligious Task Force on Soviet Jewry, I! the pound is the measure, it must remain from 23.22 grains to 13.7 grains. The Mint the Phlladelphia Coordinating Councll on constant. "price," or better said, the new quotient, became 35 (480 divided by 13.7 equals 35). the Holocaust, and the Interfaith Women's Would the advocates of the free market then let the market determine how much Thus the former Mint "price" of 20.67 was Committee. She has been a member of replaced by $35. Northeast Interfaith Councll and the Human a pound of tobacco will sell for? That makes Rights for Ukraine-Moroz Committee. no sense, !or since the money unit itself is a However, the United States did not re­ turn to a gold coin standard in 1934- But the titles and committees do not re­ pound of tobacco, surely a pound of tobacco will sell !or a pound of tobacco. What else? some S!l.Y that we did not return to a gold veal the courage of a woman who has spent standard at all. Personally, I would agree. hours visiting dissident Jews in Russia, who The cost of other commodities, valued in pounds of tobacco, may vary. Indeed, if the In 1934, a restriction was put on the in­ here at home has helped relieve community dividual's right to redeem paper dollars in tensions by leading dialogues among people prices of most of these tend to rise, any econ­ omists will tell you that the buying power gold. No longer did individuals or businesses or different religious faiths. Those are ac­ have the right to redeem Federal Reserve tivities which demand patience, determina­ of the money is falllng. That too happened with the tobacco standard in Virginia. notes or other paper dollars in gold on de­ tion and vision. mand. The money standard is not a true Perhaps it's through that vision that DOLLAR DEFINED AS A WEIGHT OF GOLD gold standard if the government limits any­ others can best learn !rom Sister Gloria. In Just as under the tobacco standard, the one's right to present paper dollars for re­ accepting her award she said, "There have money unit under the gold standard of the demption in gold ones. For example, back been differences and misunderstandings 1834-1933 era was what 23.22 grains of pure in 1917-1919 when the government forbade through the centuries, but in a new climate gold, called a dollar, would buy. That might se111ng gold abroad, that limitation was said things can be different." Believing that vary for most commodities and services but to have taken the country off the gold things can be different and working to make a dollar would buy only a dollar. standard. No one then disputed it and when them so is what has drawn Sister Gloria Up to 1933, the Mint could coin 20.67 dol­ the government removed that war-time pro­ into the limelight. If her award inspires lars from an ounce of gold because a troy hibition in June, 1919, the country was said others to strive for simllar goals, it will have ounce contains 480 grains. The $20.67 un­ to have returned to the gold standard. an impact beyond its immediate, and im­ fortunately came to be called the Mint In 1934, however, had the country really portant, effect o! calling attention to work "price" of gold but it wa.S not a price at all returned to a gold standard? TheTe was some well done.e in the market sense of the word price. It dispute at the time as to what kind o! a 10154 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 standard the country had. Some called it a ANALYSIS OF THE MX, PART 5: ALTERNATIVES gold exchange standard. It was not. A re­ Club. For the benefit of my colleagues, I The MX, as advocated by the Air Force, am inserting this telegram into the REc­ nowned expert described it as a "qua.lified would not cure the "Minuteman vulnerabil­ gold bullion standard." If so, the emphasis ORD: ity problem" for many years to come. Given PENNSYLVANIA FEDERATION OF shoruld be laid on the word, qualified. It cer­ the hypothetical nature of the problem and ta.lnly WlaS not any traditional type of gold the unlikelihood of the Soviets gambling all SPORTSMEN'S CLUB, INC., standlard or any kind the world had pre­ Greensburg, Pa., May 4, 1979. on "one cosmic throw of the dice" (Secretary Representative JOHN DINGELL, viously known. Brown). it might well be asked whether the A HYBRID STANDARD-FOREIGN VS . DOMESTIC Rayburn House Office Building, "problem" really requires a "solution." Washington, D.C. One alternative to the MX would be sim­ Three conclusions are sure: First, for most Pensylvania Federation of Sportsmen's of the years, 1934-1971, the United States ply to leave our ICBM's as they are. In the unlikely event of a limited, tit-for-tat nu­ Club, Inc. urges you to vote in favor o! the maJ.ntained its standard nea.rer to the tradi­ Breaux-Dingell substitute amendment to tional gold standard than did any other na­ clear war, they would still be available for accuracy and precise command and control. H.R. 39. tion. Second (and the basis of the fiTst state­ WENDELL PETERSON, ment), to settle foreign payments baola.nces, In the event that the majority of them were this country followed traditional gold stand­ destroyed in a large nuclear attack, the U.S. Vice-president.e ard rules: the government transferred Ott" would retain thousands of retaliatory wea­ pons in submarines and on aircraft. In fact, shipped gold to foreign treasuries or central VIEW ON SPACE POLICY banks. Third, in do•mestic trade, however, even with MX, in the coming years nuclear which is many times the size of foreign trade, weapons on ICBM's wlll constitute a declin­ the nation did not follow gold standard rules, ing percentage of U.S. nuclear forces. instead, it was on a fiat paper money stand­ If we really fear a Soviet gamble on an at­ HON. RON PAUL ard. Any American entitled to own gold­ tack on our ICBM's alone, then another al­ OF TEXAS and theTe were relatively few who were--had ternative is to remove the ICBM's altogether, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thus eliminating the "counterforce" limited to pay at least $35 an ounce for it. By the Monday, May 7, 1979 1960's, the dollar looked weaker and many nuclear war option from Soviet capabilities. individuals lost confidence in it. Gold was Another alternative would be to leave only • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, novelist about 200 or so Minutemen III missiles in sought as .a, "hedge" against inflation, with James J. Michener recently testified be­ the result that the price of gold on the place. Those who believe in the possibillty of limited, tit-for-tat, nuclear war would still fore the Senate space policy hearings. gold markets in England, France, Germany As a Pulitzer Prize winning author and and elsewhere rose above $35 an ounce. None have ICBM's available tor that purpose. At o! those countries was on the !ormeT type o! the same time, the missile force would be historian, he has some provocative things gold stwnda.rd as closely as wa•s the United too small to tempt a Soviet "counterforce to say about our space program. States, although their treasuries had accu­ only" strike. Since NASA's LBJ Manned Fllght Cen­ mulated gold reserves. All this led to fur­ On the other hand, if it is decided that the ter is in my district, I would like to theT complioations, high prices for gold and U.S. must have a guaranteed survivable bring Mr. Michener's eloquent statement ICBM, other possibilities have been sug­ government efforts to depress those prices. to my colleagues' attention: As the people of the United States saw gested. For example, we could deploy a mis­ sile in numbers large enough to match pres­ [Aviation Week & Space Technology, it, or were told to see it, gold had a. market Feb. 12, 1979] price. Many experts had said that the na­ ent Minuteman capab111ties but still small tion was on a gold standard, although a type enough not to threaten the Soviet ICBM AN OBLIGATION TO PURSUE of gold standard that was new to the world. force and thereby escalate the arms race. The U.S. must have a sensible space Both to ensure survivabiUty and to allow the program, whether it wants one or not. To !all This is the origin of the contusion. number deployed to be easily monitored by RETURN TO GOLD STANDARD TERMINATES to keep up with new developments in this the Soviet Union, this miEsile could be placed field would be disastrous, and any Adminis­ INTERNAL GOLD MARKET on small, cheap submarines based in the tration which permitted a lag should be con­ One nation's money, of course, always has waters of the U.S. continental shelves. Dr. demned. We must know what the capabilities a price in terms o! another's mon,ey. Also, in Sidney Drell and Dr. Richard Garwin have ot space are, and we must retain our pro­ any nation not on a gold standard, gold is commended this option to the House Armed ficiency in using them. only a commodity and the market price !or Services Committee. I think we have done a fairly good job in 1t fluctuates. But, as was demonstrated when In summary, this analysis has shown the this area so tar, and I would suppose that the Gold Room was closed in 1879, as soon following. from our strength we would be able to deal as a nation, adopts the gold standard, there First, the question of whether the U.S. intelligently with those other nations who cannot be an internal market place for gold needs a guaranteed-survivable ICBM should have attained or will attain a comparable because gold dollars have become the meas­ be separated from the question of whether capacity. This is the great unknown o! the ure in which all prices are quoted. we ought to have a first-strike ICBM for universe, and we in 1979 are as obligated to NOTE attacking the whole Soviet ICBM force. probe it and use it and participate in its Second, the MX baE.ing schemes currently control as the nations o! Europe were obll­ Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 5 of the under consideration have major disadvan­ gated to explore their terrestrial oceans in U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power tages. They appear to create more problems 1479. "To coin money, regulate the value thereof, than they solve. The future and the safety o! those nations and o! foreign coin,, and fix the standard o! Third, the MX wlll probably stimulate the depended upon thek mastery o! the seas; weights and measures." "Regulate the value" strategic nuclear arms race. In doing so, it ours depend in shocking measure to our o! money meant determining the weight and will also sow the seeds o! its own miUtary cautious control o! space, and it we abandon fineness o! the coin, thereby its value. All obsolescence. it to others we condemn ourselves. this was provided in the same sentence that Fourth, the "problem" of Minuteman vul­ It is extremely difficult to keep a human gave Congress authority to establish the nerability is more hypothetical than real. It lite or the Ute o! a nation moving forward stan,dard o! weights and measures. Just as does not call !or an urgent solution. It it did, with enough energy and commitment to lift Congress legalized 5280 feet, called a mile, the MX deployed in a "shell-game" mode it into the next cycle o! experience. My own as a measure of distance and 480 grains, does not seem to be that solution. life has been spent chronicling the rise and called a troy ounce, as a measure o! weight, F..i!th, cheaper, safer alternatives to the !all o! hUinan systems, and I am convinced so in 1792 it made 24.75 grains of pure gold MX are available.e that we are all terribly vulnerable. or 371.25 grains o! pure silver, called a dollar, I do not for a moment believe that the the measure o! value.e spiritual well-being o! our nation depends ALASKA LANDS primarily upon a successful space program. There are, as William James said, moral equi­ valents to war, moral substitutes tor any HON. JOHN D. DINGELL charismatic national experience. I am sure we MX: ALTERNATIVES could as a nation attain great spiritual reas­ OF MICHIGAN surance !rom rebuilding our cities or distri­ HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES buting our !arm produce better. And my ex­ Monday, May 7, 1979 perience in the arts has taught me to be sus­ OF CALIFORNIA picious ot late fashions or high styles. Space IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES e Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, State af­ programs are stylish today and run the risk of being abused. Monday, May 7, 1979 filiates of the National Wildli·fe Federa­ tion are continuing to express their sup­ But I also belleve that there are moments • Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ port for the Breaux-Dingell substitute in history when challenges occur ot such a troducing into the REcORD an article on to H.R. 39. compelUng nature that to miss them is to the -MX missile written for me by Dr. miss the whole meaning of an epoch. Space 1s One of the major State organizations such a challenge. It is the kind o! challenge Thomas Karas of the Center for Defense to recently endorse this legislation is the W1lliam Shakespeare serued nearly 400 years Information: Pennsylvania Federation of Sportsmen's ago when he wrote: May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10155 There is a tide in the affairs of men, and Shakespeare and Milton responded to the In Massachusetts, one of those nine, the Which, taken at the flood, leads on to events of their day. Scientists were urged to increase in hospital costs for the fiscal year fortune; new discoveries. And nations modified their ending Sept. 1 is expected to be 8.9 percent. Omitted, all the voyage of their life practices. No one is claiming that the state's heralded Is bound in shallows and in miseries. All the thoughts of men are interlocked, reputation for quality health care has di­ On such a full sea are we now afloat, and success in one area produces unforeseen minished. And we must take the current when it serves, successes in others. It is for this reason that Second, the Carter program, while tough, is Or lose our ventures. a nation like ours 1s obligated to pursue its flexible enough to allow some increases in We risk great peril if we kill off this spirit adventure in space. the mandatory ceilings for costs, such as en­ of adventure, for we cannot predict how and I am not competent to say how much ergy, over which no single institution can in what seemingly unrelated fields it will money should be spent. I am not competent reasonably exercise controls. In addition, it manifest itself. A nation which loses its for­ to advise on how the program should be ad­ provides for increased wage costs of about ward thrust is in danger, and one of the most minist ered. But I am convinced that it must 7.9 percent to assure that non-supervisory effective ways to retain that thrust is to keep be done.e employees don't bear the brunt of the cost exploring possibilities. The sense of explora­ controls. tion is intimately bound up with human re­ Hospital costs are becoming an ever more solve, and for a nation to believe that it is staggering burden on the American public; still committed to forward motion is to insure HOSPITAL COST CONTAINMENT they amounted to $203 billion, more than 9 its continuance. percent of the Gross National Product, in the I doubt if there is a woman or man in this last fiscal year. But they are largely hidden­ room who honestly believes that the u.s. HON. JAMES M. SHANNON in employer costs, in paycheck deductions, could ever fall backward, as other nations OF MASSACHUSETTS in taxes that cover Medicare and Medicaid have within our lifetime. Intuitively we feel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bills. This system of indirect payment elimi­ that we are exempt. Yet for us to think so is nates the normal marketplace restraints. to fly in the face of all history, for many na­ Monday, May 7, 1979 The Carter plan seeks to impose them. It tions at their apex were inwardly doomed be­ e Mr. SHANNON. Mr. Speaker, the seeks to eliminate unneeded hospital beds; cause their willpower had begun to falter, there are 130,000 in the nation. It seeks to and soon their vulnerablllty became evident Ways and Means Health Subcommittee force hospitals and doctors to consider to all. Enemies do not destroy nations; time of which I am a member recently re­ whether routine tests need be performed in and the loss of will brings them down. ported the President's hospital cost con­ every case, whether possible surgical proce­ Therefore we should be most careful about tainment proposal. This bill is necessary dures are truly necessary. It can save Ameri­ retreating from the specific challenge of our both to gain control on the staggering can consumers billions of dollars over the age. We should be reluctant to turn back rate of inflation in hospital costs and next few years. It can work, and it deserves upon the frontier of this epoch. Space is in­ to help reduce inflation in the whole speedy enactment by Congress.e different to what we d9; it has no feeling, no economy. design, no interest in whether we grapple with it or not. But we cannot be indifferent I am including in the RECORD for my TRIBUTE TO RICHARD THOMAS to space, because the grand slow march of our colleagues information an editorial from intelligence has brought us, in our genera­ the Boston Globe of March 21, 1979, tion, to a point from which we can explore which supports the hospital costs con­ HON. NORMAN D. SHUMWAY and understand and utilize it. To turn back tainment legislation. Massachusetts has OF CALIFORNIA now would be to deny our history, our been able to keep the increase in its hos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capabilities. pital costs substantially below the na­ Monday, May 7, 1979 Each era of history progresses to a point tional average. The time has come tore­ at which it is eligible to wrestle with the great problem of that period. For the ancient duce this national average and the leg­ e Mr. SHUMWAY. Mr. Speaker, at this Greeks it was the organization of society; for islation before us is the tool to achieve time I ask that my colleagues join with the Romans it was the organization of em­ this end. me in recognizing the outstanding civic pire; for the medievalists the spelling out of The editorial follows: achievements of my friend and constitu­ their relationship to God; for the men of the WORKABLE HOSPITAL COST CONTROLS ent, Mr. Richard Thomas, of South Lake fifteenth and sixteenth centuries the mastery President Carter's hospital cost contain­ Tahoe, Calif. On May 9, the South Lake of the oceans; and for us it is the determina­ ment legislation was a good idea last year Tahoe Chamber of Commerce will pay tion of how mankind can live in harmony on and, with inflation continuing its inexorable tribute to Dick Thomas at their inau­ this finite globe while establishing relation­ rise, it's an even better idea now. There is gural ball. Mr. Thomas will be stepping ships to infinite space. no doubt that a cap on hospital revenues is a down from his term as president of the I was not overly impressed when men somewhat blunt instrument. But it is the chamber, and his outstanding record not walked upon the moon, because I knew it to only tool available that can in rather short be out there at a specific distance with spe­ order provide some restraints on one major only while filling that office, but also in cific characteristics, and I suppose that we sector of the economy where normal market­ terms of contributions to the community had enough intelligence to devise the neces­ place forces do not operate. in general, are truly worthy of appro­ sary machinery to get us there and back. But Viewed one way, the Administration bill priate recognition. when we sent an unmanned object hurting might appear weaker than last year's. Adopt­ Dick Thomas stands as an example into distant space, and when it began send­ ing an approach that had important support worth emulating for his peers-indeed, ing back signals-a chain of numbers to be on Capitol Hill last year, the Carter legisla­ for all of us. His donations of time, effort, exact-which could be reassembled here on tion embraces a one-year "voluntary" cap, earth to provide us with a photograph of the and ability have been only beneficial to an idea the Administration rejected last year. his community every area of endeavor. surface of Mars, I was struck dumb with won­ If hospitals across the country or in any in der. And when computers began adjusting given state can keep cost increases below 9.7 Dick has served as secretary, president, the chain of numbers, augmenting some, percent in 1979, mandatory federal controls and lieutenant governor of Kiwanis In­ diminishing others, so that the photographs would not be applied. If they fail, the man­ ternational; his work with the chamber became always more clear and defined, I datory program would become effective Jan. of commerce speaks for itself, and he realized that we could accomplish almost 1, 1980. has served on the chamber's board of anything, there in the farthest reaches of But, in truth, the Administration's "vol­ space. directors for 7 years. The fire alert and untary" alternative is probably illusory. prevention programs of the Forest Serv­ My life changed completely on the day I The hospital industry nationally bas not ice have enjoyed the enhancement of saw those Mars photographs, for I had par­ demonstrated the ablllty to approach the 9.7 ticipated in that miracle. My tax dollars had percent standard on its own and anticipa­ Dick's active participation, and he has helped pay for the project. The universities tion of forthcoming mandatory controls may served as chairman of the East Slope that I supported had provided the brains to actually persuade some institutions to raise Sierra Nevada Water Conservation Dis­ arm the cameras. And the government that I costs now in advance of controls. Further, trict. Additionally, Dick Thomas is a helped nourish had organized the expedition. while the 9.7 percent standard was above the great credit to the free enterprise system, I saw the universe in a new light, and myself overall rate of inflation last year, it is now having worked diligently for title insur­ and my willingness to work on future projects below it and, therefore, a difficult target to ance companies, serving as manager of fortified. reach. So, the real question is the appro­ the Western Title Insurance Co., and No one can predict what aspect of space priateness of mandatory controls. In the w111 invigorate a given individual, and there health-care area, they are appropriate. ultimately forming his own such enter­ must have been millions of Americans who First, it has been proven that they can prise. did not even know Mars had been photo­ be made to work. In nine states which have Dick Thomas is a well-rounded, con­ graphed. But we do know that in previous their own control programs, the increases in cerned, and active citizen whose efforts periods when great explorations were made, hospital costs i.a 1978 were significantly be­ are to be admired by all those who are they reverberated throughout society. Dante low the national level. privileged to know him. I know that my 10156 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 colleagues will join with me in extending hicle would cost $250,000 per copy, as con­ bishop of Nicopsis (in Croatia), thereby a hearty congratulations to him for an trasted with production buses, complete with making the future Cardinal the youngest excellent civic record, and in wishing wheelchair lift, that go for about $120,000. Archbishop in the world and thrusting the he and his family all the best in every The Advanced Design buses already built by young churchman directly into the profound area for the years which lie ahead.e Grumman Flxible and GM would cost about social, religious and political turmoil af­ ~170,000. fecting his country since the beginning of DOT officials are furious with the U.S. man­ World War I; and DOT'S EMBARRASSMENT OVER ufacturers who, they say, were "consulted" Whereas, a.fter becoming Archbishop and on all the specifications and, earlier, had said continuing with his elevation to Cardinal, he TRANSBUS they could produce a low-floor, accessible delivered sermons and pastoral letters bus. The officials hint that the manufac­ against the crimes committed against his turers chose not to submit bids in the hope fellow-countrymen and in defense of free­ HON. BUD SHUSTER that DOT would have to resort to going along dom and respect for religion and the rights OF PENNSYLVANIA with the manufacturers' own designs. of individuals and nations to their full de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But where's the tragedy in that? I! the velopment and independence; and idea is to come up with a bus that maTtes Whereas, these acts of independence and Monday, May 7, 1979 public transportation accessible to the aged courage serve as a powerful symbol and a • Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, today's and the handicapped, why not leave It to the fitting model to everyone; Washington Post carries an excellent manufacturers to produce the appropriate Now, Therefore, I, Brendan Byrne, Gover­ design, so long as it meets DOT's access re­ nor of the State of New Jersey, do hereby article by William Raspberry concern­ quirements? proclaim Ma.y 8, 1979 as a DAY OF PRAYER ing the Carter administration's latest One reason may be that the department in observance of the Cardinal's 26 years of fiasco-their transbus mandate. I com­ has, during the nine-year life of the Trans­ heroic service to his congregation and to his mend the article to my colleagues. bus program, laid out some $27 million in defense of the international principles of DOT's "EMBARRASSMENT" OVER 'I'RANSBus research-and-development money. It is a freedom of religion, speech and assembly. (By William Raspberry) major embarrassment that they now wind up Given, under my hand and the Great Seal with nothing for that outlay. of the State of New Jersey, this fourth day Transports. tion Secretary Brock Adams is The manufacturers take the position that o! April in the year of Our Lord one thousand "deeply disappointed" that U.S. and foreign DOT, which has never built a bus, might use­ nine hundred and seventy-nine and in the bus manufacturers have "acted against the fully defer to the companies, which have. Independence of the United States, the two needs of all Americans, particularly the A spokesman for DOT rather testily de­ hundred and third. elderly and the handicapped." clined to say whether the manufacturers' Brendan Byrne, A free translation of that wonderfully pro­ claims of design inconsistencies are accurate. Governor.e vocative statement might read: We tried to "You're trying to make me say whether they design a new breed of workhorse and wound are wrong or we are wrong," he said. up with a camel that nobody wants to build. Well, yes, I suppose I was. It had seemed AUTONOMY FOR THE PEACE The two American firms DOT had hoped to me a question of whether DOT wanted to CORPS would bid on the manufacture of federally provide transportation service for the aged mandated low-floor, easy-access Transbus and handicapped or merely to salvage some­ insist they can't build it, that the DOT speci­ thing out of its costly Transbus program. HON. TONY P. HALL fications are unrealistic in some cases, con­ Brock Adams says he is "deeply disap­ OF OHIO tradictory in others. pointed." "Deeply embarrassed" might be a As a matter of fact, the two U.S. firms­ better way to put it.e IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Grumman Fixible and General Motors-had Monday, May 7, 1979 indicated their inability to bid on Transbus long before the secretary's statement of last CROATIAN-AMERICANS PAY TRIB­ week. DOT had hoped that at least one for­ • Mr. HALL of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, dur­ eign manufacturer might be interested. But UTE TO BffiTH OF FIGHTER FOR ing consideration of the International when bid-opening time came last Wednesday, RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Development Cooperation Act, the House there was nothing to open. voted to remove the Peace Corps from Secretary Adams sees the absence of bids ACTION and place it in the yet-to-be­ as an act of malevolence against the elderly HON. JAMES J. FLORIO established International Development and the handicapped. The reluctant manu­ OF NEW JERSEY Cooperation Agency. facturers see the problem as unrealistic de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Representative Christopher J. Dodd sign requirements. Monday, May 7, 1979 and I, both former Peace Corps volun­ They say, for instance, that the require­ teers ourselves, fought on the House ment for an 85-inch-high door is incom­ • Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, 2.5 million patible with the overall height requirements Floor to prevent the Peace Corps from Americans of Croatian descent are cele­ being submerged into !DCA bureaucracy. for the bus, without bulges in the roof. They brating the birthday of the religious say they can't build a bus from which the We contended that the success of the driver could see the curb when the bus is six leader and fighter for freedom, the late Peace Corps is dependent upon its inches away (which the specifications dic­ Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac. Born on May emancipation from U.S. foreign policy. tate) while at the same time using a 14-inch 8, 1898, in Croatia, he would have been Placing the Peace Corps in IDCA would first step, also required by the specs. 91 today. fty in the face of efforts to depoliticize They also claim difficulty with coming up Cardinal Stepinac died just over 3 with a design that would incorporate there­ the program. Developing countries would years ago, a hero both to this people as perceive the Peace Corps as just one more quired second rear axle, a wheel-chair lift well as to people everywhere who are de­ and a minimum of 46 seats, all of them ad­ element of the foreign policy establish­ justable, while keeping overall weight to a nied the basic human freedoms we in ment of the United States and would be maximum of 26,000 pounds. America are so fortunate to enjoy. suspicious of the volunteers as possible Adams says they simply don't want to build To pay tribute to this courageous CIA agents or other U.S. operatives. his bus, and some handicapped groups have leader the Croatian-American commu­ Individuals join the Peace Corps be­ demanded a Justice Department inquiry nity appeals for amnesty and human cause they want to help and serve other into a possible collusion. They don't indicate rights for political and religious prison­ people. They do not join in order to be­ whether they think the equally reluctant ers everywhere who are incarcerated for come part of the bureaucracy. The Peace foreign manufacturers are a part of that col­ their defense of internationally recog­ lusion. Corps is very spe:ial in this regard, too nized principles of freedom of religion, special be treated organizationally as GM and Grumman FlXible, for their part, speech, press, and assembly. to say they not only want to build buses to meet a tool of our foreign aid program. DOT's objectives (if not its specifications), In addition, my own State of New Jer­ Fortunately, the vote to place the but that they already have designed them. sey has proclaimed a day of prayer in Peace Corps on IDeA's organizational But Flxible's bus, for instance, has only a Cardinal Stepinac's memorY'--and I chart is not the last word on the future 17-inch street-to-floor height, while DOT would like to bring to the attention of status of the Peace Corps. President Car­ specs call for a 22-inch with a kneeling fea­ my colleagues, by herein printing the ter has recommended that the Peace ture and ramp. text of this proclamation, why this man Both domestic manufacturers say their Corps be established as an autonomous versions would be at least as accessible to is so greatly revered by his people. entity within ACTION. handicapped riders as would DOT's Tra.ns­ The proclamation follows: A Washington Post editorial of May 5 bus. They also say they would cost less. PROCLAMATION made a case for autonomy for the Peace The congressional Office of Technology Whereas, in 1934, Aloysius Cardinal Stepi­ Corps within ACTION. In the interest of Assessment estimates the DOT-designed ve- nac was named by Pope Pius XI as Arch- helping to resolve the future of the Peace May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10157 Corps, I commend this excellent edi­ member of the Interior Committee who been granted to the State of Alaska and the Alaskan native corporations. Of the torial to the attention of my colleagues: has closely followed the saga of the Alaska lands bill since the beginning of residue, the Udall-Anderson Substitute pro­ AN OPEN CAGE FOR THE PEACE CORPS poses to commit approximately 110 million In each new administration the Peace the 95th Congress, has written and cir­ acres to appropriate conservation and man­ Corps is put up for grabs and, as annoying culated an excellent ''Dear Colleague." agement by the secretaries of Interior and as that is for some of those intimately in­ His precise summary details the rea­ Agriculture under guidelines assuring that volved, it is exactly as it should be. The whole sons why Members should support the these priceless resources owned by the idea of the Peace Corps-as a special ex­ Udall-Anderson substitute. I recommend American people will not be misused or pression of voluntarism and a unique Ameri­ it to the attention of every Member in­ abused and will be held intact for future can presence overseas-fits awkwardly within terested in this matter. The text of the generations. the context of the line service bureaucracies, It 1s extremely important to remember and it would be unnatural if different ad­ letter follows: H.R. 39, the Alaska National Interest Lands that the Udall-Anderson Substitute is based ministrations representing differing ideolo­ on over seven years of research and field gies did not try to readjust the fit. So it was Conservation Act, considered by many to be the most important conservation Act of the studies of federal agencies and four years that President Kennedy, showing his innova­ of extensive involvement (field inspections, tive, energetic side, adopted and launched 1entury is scheduled for House action this week. Three plans will be debated: the public hearings, etc.) by the Interior Com­ the idea. President Nixon, lacking the Ken­ mittee, and as such, is the legislation, truly nedy commitment to a Kennedy creation, Breaux-Dingell Substitute, reported by a majority vote from the Merchant Marine and deserving the title Alaska National Interest folded the Peace Corps tightly into a new Lands Conservation Act !e agency, ACTION, designed to house the fed­ Fisheries Committee; the Huckaby Substi­ eral government's domestic as well as foreign tute, sustained by a one-vote majority over volunteer programs. Now it is President a substitute which I offered in the Interior Carter's turn. Committee; and the Udall-Anderson Substi­ In fact, Congress has thrust the question tute. SENIOR CITIZEN INTERN PROGRAM upon him. Broadly speaking, one group of The Udall-Anderson Substitute is sub­ legislators, unenamored of the volunteer stantially identical in policy, definition of concept, has been critical of the way ACTION consei"Vation units (e.g. parks, preserves, HON. ELWOOD HILLIS has been run and of the political style of its refuges, wild and scenic rivers, wilderness, OF INDIANA and national forests) , and commitment to director, Sam Brown. Another group, essen­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tially protective of the Peace Corps, has felt conservative management as was the Gudger that it was faring poorly within ACTION. The Substitute in the Interior Committee and Monday, May 7, 1979 two streams more or less converged in the H.R. 39 of the Ninety-Fifth Congress which passed the House by a vote of 277 to 31 on • Mr. IllLLIS. Mr. Speaker, today I am recent House vote to remove the Peace Corps joined by more than 100 Members of the from ACTION and give it as much auton­ May 19, 1978. omy as would be possible-which is probably The Udall-Anderson Substitute has the House and Senate in welcoming our not enough-in the yet-to-be-created Inter­ support of the Administration, 130 co-spon­ senior citizen interns to capitol Hill for national Development Cooperation Agency. sors, and all of America's major membership the 1.97~ senior citizen intern program. This agency is to be the new and supposedly environmental organizations. Unlike the This mtern program is like no other improved home of foreign aid. Breaux and Huckaby Substitutes, it does not on Capitol Hill. The participants are Do your eyes cross as you try to visualize introduce into public land management such new concepts as BLM "Conservation active, experienced community leaders the boxes? Don't worry: Jimmy Carter has Areas" and a new type of timber manage­ who come to Washington armed with found a pretty good solution. As befits the ment called "Special Management Areas". grassroots knowledge and insight to gain son of a former Peace Corps volunteer, he a better understanding of their Federal values the agency as an expression of a bat­ It does not, like Breaux and Huckaby, cut tered but enduring part of the American into six segments and subject to varying ~ovel'I?-ment and how it operates-espe­ spirit-and one that can be put to good, if regulations the Gates of the Arctic National CI~Y m the area of aging. The interns modest use in many developing countries. Park and Preserve and its does not divide Will return to their homes across the He has sought a way for the Peace Corps to into half such magnificent ecological units country on May 18 to share their experi­ have the relative independence it needs to as Admiralty Island and Misty Fiords, the former of which was recommended for pres­ ences and information with local lead­ 1) survive politically, 2) operate efficiently ers and other seniors who are working and 3) preserve the visibility essential to ervation and refuge status by President Roosevelt as early as 1901. together to resolve common aging recruitment and effectiveness---autonomy problems. within ACTION. Since ACTION without the The Udall-Anderson Substitute opens up Peace Corps would likely blow away, AC­ 95 percent of onshore acreage and all of I~ is especially significant to note that TION does not, needless to say, want to let Alaska's 300 million acres of offshore con­ unlike other congressional intern pro­ the Peace Corps go. tinental shelf to oil and gas leasing. It also grams which affect only the individual Among people who think and care about guarantees protection to the international this. program touches our constituencies: development, there is a continuing argument Porcupine caribou herd in the Arctic Na­ tional Wildlife Range, which canada re­ It Is our communities which benefit about whether development occurs as a re­ through the sharing of information sult of pouring capital and technology from cently took steps to protect by withdrawing the top down or allowing human-scale en­ 9.6 million acres of adjoining territory to about the workings of Government--and ergy and initiative to seep from the bottom study for a national wilderness park. ultimately it is we who benefit through up. It is the latter idea that animates the Unlike the Breaux and Huckaby Substi­ strengthe~ed working relationships with Peace Corps. This agency, which engages only tutes, the Udall-Anderson measure desig­ t~os~ seruors who are active in our in the transfer of people, not of capital or nates the natural resources to be protected in distncts. each park, preserve, refuge, national forest, technology, could do it no other way. When I am pleased to include a list of those you look at it this way, it is hard to avoid and wilderness thus assuring to each its own the conclusion that the Peace Corps is a rare integrity and the direction of its manage­ Me~bers of the House and Senate spon­ bird that deserves and needs a special kind ment. It provides fully for the subsistence sormg senior citizen interns this year of open cage. That's what autonomy within needs of natives, the "grandfathering in" of ~nd a COP_Y of the schedule that the 165 the volunteer agency would amount to.e sport hunting guides and the protection not mterns Wlll be following over the next only of fiora and fauna but of other impor­ 2 weeks. · tant resources such as those having histori­ cal, archaeological, geological, and geophysi­ I welcome this group to Capitol Hill cal values. and ask that my colleagues here in the HON. LAMAR GUDGER SUPPORTS The Udall-Anderson Substitute is sup­ House join me in doing so. UDALL-ANDERSON SUBSTITUTE portive of existing statutory land manage­ 1979 SENIOR CITIZEN INTERN PARTICIPATING ment policies and gives cross-reference to OFFICES applicable federal statutes (ANCSA, NPRPA, Mr. Eugene Atkinson of Pennsylvania. HON. MORRIS K. UDALL Alaskan Statehood, and Wild and Scenic Mr. Don Bailey of Pennsylvania. OF ARIZONA Rivers, etc.). It also brings forward and im­ Mr. Michael Barnes of Maryland. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES proves the machinery in H.R. 39 of the Mr. Berkley Bedell of Iowa. Ninety.-Fifth Congress providing access to Mr. Anthony Beilenson of California. Monday, May 7, 1979 inholdmgs; a simplified procedure for estab­ Mr. James Broyhill of North Carolina. lishing rights-of-way through conservation Mrs. Beverly Byron of Maryland. • Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, the issues units; and for cooperation on national, state, involved in the Alaska lands debate are Mr. William Carney of New York. and n.ative matters through an Alaskan Mr. Don Clausen of California. extremely complex, and are difficult to Advisory Council. Mr. William Clinger of Pennsylvania. explain in concise terms. However, the It is to be remembered that o! Alaska's Mr. Tony Coelho of California. Honorable LAMAR GUDGER, a valued 375 million acres, 148 million have already Mr. E. Thomas Coleman o! Missouri. CXXV---639-Part 8 10158 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 Mr. Tom Corcoran of llllnois. Senator John Tower (Texas). hotel). Sam w. Brown, Jr. Director ACTION. Mr. James Corman of California. Senat or Malcolm Wallop (Wyoming) . Jack Kenyon, Chief, Operations Branch, Mr. Lawrence Coughlin of Pen n sylvania. Senator Harrison Williams (New Jersey). Older Americans Volunteer Programs, Mr. Edward Derwinsk i of Illinois. ACTION. Helen Kelley, Director, Older Mr. Robert Drinan of Massachusetts. 1979 CONGRESSIONAL SENIOR CITIZEN INTERIM Americans Volunteer Programs, ACTION. PROGRAM SCHEDULE Mr. Arlen Erdahl of Minnesota. MONDAY, MAY 14 MON DAY, MAY 7 Mr. Allen Ertel of Pennsylvania . 9:00 a.m. A tour of the Capitol. Assemble Mr. David Evans of Indiana. 11:00 A.M. until 12:45 P.M.: Registration, as a group on the East Front Steps of the Mr. Walter Fauntroy of t he District of B-369 Rayburn House Office Building. Capitol. Columbia. 1:00 P .M. until 3:00P.M. (approximately}: MORNING FREE Mrs. Millicent Fenwick of New Jersey. Orientation Session, B-369 Rayburn House Ms. Geraldine Ferraro of New York. Office Bullding. 2:00 p .m. Organizations representing the Mr. Hamilton Fish of New York. Welcome : Congressman Elwood H. "Bud" elderly. 1202 Dirksen Senate Office Building. Mr. Blll Frenzel of Minnesota. Hillis, Senator William V. Roth, Jr., Con­ Faye Mench, Legislative Representative Mr. Benjamin Gilman of New York. gressman Tony Coelho (Principal Sponsors American Association of Retired Persons/ Mr. Barry Goldwater of California. of the Program). National Retired Teachers Association. Steve Mr. Wllliam Goodling of Pennsylvania. Briefing: Donna K. Norton, Office of Skardon, Legislat ive Representative, National Mr. Charles Grassley of Iowa. Congressman Hillis. Association of Retired Federal Employees. Mr. William Green of New York. 4 :30 P.M. until 6:00 P.M.: Welcome Re­ Joseph Rourke, National Council of Senior Mr. Tom Harkin of Iowa. ception, The Capitol Hlll Club, 300 First Citizens. Mr. Elwood Hillis of Indiana. Street, SE., Washington, D.C. (Hosted by the TUESDAY, MAY 15 Mr. William Hughes of New Jersey. American Association of Retired Persons/ 10:00 a .m. A look at social security. 345 Mr. Jim Johnson of Colorado. National Retired Teachers Association) (To Cannon House Office Building. Stanford G. Mr. James Jones of Oklahoma. be attended by interns, sponsoring Members Ross, Commissioner, Social Security Admin­ Mr. Dale Kildee of Michigan . of Congress and staff and invited guests). istration. Blll Kelly, Professional Staff, House Mr. Thomas Kindness of Ohio. TUESDAY, MAY 8 Ways and Means Committee. Mr. Peter Kostmayer of Pennsylvania. 2:00P.M. Nursing Homes/ Long Term Care. Mr. Jim Leach of Iowa. 10:00 A.M. An Aging Overview (Hubert tr. 1202 Dirksen Senate Office Building. Larry Mr. Elliott Levitas of Georgia . Humphrey Building Auditorium). The Hon­ Lane, Director for Public Policy, American Mr. Mike McCormack of Washington. orable Claude Pepper, Chairman of the House Association of Homes for the Aging. Janice Mr. Edward Madigan of Illinois. Select Committee on Aging. Nelson Cruik­ Caldwell, Director, Long Term Care Division, Mr. Andrew Maguire of New Jersey. shank, Councellor to the President on Aging. Department of Health, Education and Wel­ Mr. Daniel Marriott of Utah. Dr. Clark Tibbets, Special Assistant to the fare. Patricia A. Skinner, Consultant, Coun­ Mr. James Martin of North Carolina. Commissioner on Aging. MODERATOR: John cil of Home Health Agencies--Community Mr. Robert Matsui of California. Fox Sullivan, Publisher, The National Jour­ Health Services, National League of Nursing. Mr. Ron Mazzoli of Kentucky. nal. Mr. George Miller of California. 2:00 P.M. The Congressional Scene-The WEDNESDAY, MAY 16 Mr. Toby Moffett of Connecticut. House and Senate Aging Committees, Hubert 10:00 A.M. Housing and the Older Ameri­ Mr. John Myers of Indiana. H. Humphrey Building Auditorium. The can. 1202 Dirksen Senate Office Building. Mr. Stephen Neal of North Carolina. Honorable Lawton Chiles, Chairman of the Helen Holt, Departmental Advisor for Con­ Ms. Mary Rose Oakar of Ohio. Senate Special Committee on Aging. Bentley sumer Affairs and the Elderly, Department of Mr. James Oberstar of Minnesota. Lipscomb, Majority Staff Director, Senate Housing and Urban Development. Robert Mr. George O'Brien of Illinois. Special Committee on Aging. Dave Rust, Mi­ Wilden, Director, Progra-m Development, De­ Mr. Thomas O'Neill of Massachusetts. nority Staff Director, Senate Special Com­ partment of Housing and Urban Develop­ Mr. Richard Ottinger (New York). mittee on Aging. Robert Weiner, Majority ment. Phyllis Clark, Deputy Director, Co­ Mr. Leon Panetta (California). Staff Director, House Select Committee on operatives and Condominiums Division, De­ Mr. Charles Pashayan (California) . Aging. Walter Guntharp, Minority Staff Di­ p3.rtment of Housing and Urban Develop­ Mr. Joel Pritchard (Washington). rector, House Select Committee on Aging. ment. 2:00 P.M. Physical Fitness. 1202 Dirksen Mr. Dan Quayle (Indiana). WEDNESDAY, MAY 9 Mr. Tom Railsback (Illinois). Senate Office Building. Dr. Matt Guldry, Di­ Mr. Ralph Regula (Ohio) . 9:00 A.M. Class Photo. Assemble as a group rector of Community & Special Projects, Mr. John Rhodes (Arizona). on the steps of the House side of the Capi­ President's Council on Physical Fitness. Dr. Mr. Frederick Richmond (New York). tol (East Front) (In the event of bad weath­ Louise Light, Acting Assistant to the Ad­ Mr. J. Kenneth Robinson (Virginia). er, t his will be rescheduled). ministrator for Special Projects, Department Mr. Robert Roe (New Jersey). 10:00. A.M. The Federal Scene-A look at of Agriculture. the Administration on Aging. 345 Cannon Mr. Harold Sawyer (Michigan) . THURSDAY, MAY 17 Mrs. Patricia Schroeder (Colorado} . House Office Building. Donald Smith, Direc­ tor, National Clearinghouse on Aging. 10:00 A.M. Transportation and the Elderly. Mr. Richard Schulze (Pennsylvania) . 345 Cannon House Office Building. Kay Re­ Mr. Philip Sharp (Indiana). Yvonne Willis, Program Specialist, Office of Program Development, Administration on gan, Program Specialist, Office of Capitol As­ Mr. Paul Simon (Illinois). sistance, Urban Ma~s Transportation Ad­ Mrs. Gladys Spellman (Maryland). Aging. Katie Miller, Program Specialist, Of­ fice of Program Operations, Administration ministration. Larry Bruno, Transportation Mr. Michael Synar (Oklahoma) . Demonstration Specialist, Office of Transpor­ Mr. Gene Taylor (Missouri) . on Aging. 2:00 P .M. Consumer Problems and the El­ tation Management & Demonstrations, Mr. Bruce Vento (Minnesota). Urban Mass Transportation. Ron Hartman, Mr. Ted Weiss (New York). derly, 345 Cannon House Office Building. Esther Peterson, Consumer Advisor to the Senior Transportation Planner, American Mr. Charles Wilson (Texas). Public Transit Association. Mr. Larry Winn (Kansas). President. Mr. John Wydler (New York). THURSDAY, MAY 10 FREE AFTERNOON Senator Lloyd Bentsen (Texas). 9:00 A.M. Medicare/ Medicaid Health, 345 FRIDAY, MAY 18 Senator David Boren (Oklahoma). Cannon House Office Building. Patricia Q. 8:00 A.M. Closing Breakfast. B-339, Ray­ Senator Rudy Boschwitz (Minnesota) . Schoen!, Director, Office of Public Affairs, burn House Office Building (basement level). Senat or Lawton Chiles (Florida) . Health Care Financing Administration. Dr. Guest Speaker: Robert M. Ball, Senior Senator Thad Cochran (Mississippi). Karen Davis, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Scholar, Institute of Medicine, National Senator Alan Cranst on (California). Planning & Evaluation, Department of Academy of Sciences; former Commissioner Senator Dennis DeConcini (Arizona). Health, Education and Welfare. of Social Securlty.e Senator Robert Dole (Kansas) . FREE AFTERNOON Senator Thomas Eagleton (Missouri). Senator Orrin Hatch (Utah). FRIDAY, MAY 11 Senator Howell Hefiln (Alabama). 8:00 A.M. The White House. Special Tour Senator Ernest Hollings (South Carolina). of the White House. Note: Assemble as a THE CHINA HUSTLE Senator Nancy Kassebaum (Kansas) . gTOUp at 7:50 A.M. at the Visitors Entrance Senator James McClure (Idaho). of t he White House on East Executive Ave­ Senator Charles McC. Mathias (Maryland). nue {between the White House and the HON. RON PAUL Senator Robert Morgan (North Carolina). Treasury Department). Be prompt or you OF TEXAS Senator Bob Packwood (Oregon) . may be left behind. Senator Larry Pressler (South Dakota). After the tour-Interns Will be greeted by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Senator David Pryor (Arkansas). The Honorable Jimmy Carter, President of Monday, May 7, 1979 Senator William Roth (Delaware). the United States. Senator Alan Simpson (Wyoming). 2:00 p.m. Action. General Services Admin­ • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker. under leave Senator Donald Stewart (Alabama). istration Auditorium 18th and "F" Streets, to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I Senator Richard Stone (Florida). NW. (This is only about a block from your include the following: May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10159 THE CmNA HusTLE people of that nation are not, in Communist that speed-up also tends to induce people to Judging by my mall, the people of the Party Chairman Hua Kuo-feng's words, "re­ do a lot more buying and selling of apart­ 22d District are disturbed by President turned to the embrace of the Motherland." ment units without really increasing the Carter's China hustle. I most heartily agree I will do everything in my power to make supply, at least not very much. with my constituents. In "derecognizing" sure we live up t o our obligat ions to an old The tax break we have in mind would in­ the Republic of China on Taiwan and uni­ friend, the Republic of China on Taiwan.e duce people to build or rebuild multi­ laterally ending our Mutual Defense Treaty family homes and apartments, simply by with the island nation, the President has eliminating state and federal taxes on rent dumped a faithful ally and an important profits. They would still pay property taxes trading partner. KNBC TV's ANSWER TO THE CALI­ and other service-related fees, but they Recognition of Communist China as the FORNIA HOUSING PROBLEM would pay no income taxes on rents. de facto government of the mainland has This is obviously, a radical approach. But probably been inevitable since President Nix­ if we're serious about re-building our inner on's visit in 1972, if only to help keep the 45 HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN cities and making good housing available for Soviet divisions now on China's northern OF CALIFORNIA everyone who wants it, loosening the income border in place, and not aimed at Western tax load strikes us as the fastest way to get Europe. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the job done.e What has not been inevitable is the jetti­ Monday, May 7, 1979 soning of Taiwan. President Carter has given the Commu­ • Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, I would nist Chinese everything they asked for, tak­ like to address our colleagues concern­ BALANCED BUDGET AMENDMENT: ing terms identical to the ones President ing an issue that I feel really touches Nixon and Ford could have had, and gotten LIBERALS FIGHTING PEOPLE AND home. No pun intened. I was recently THE FUTURE little in return. Does he have the right t o made aware of the dimensions of the abrogate on his own a treaty approved by two-thirds of t he Senat e? Like Senat or Barry problem through KNBC-TV concerning Goldwater, I don't believe he has, and that housing in southern California and cer­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK is why I support Senator Goldwater's suit tain new proposals to resolve it. An in­ OF OHIO to have this declared unlawful. teresting suggestion, revealing the aware­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Carter, in agreeing with the ness of housing shortages, was presented Communists that theirs is the only govern­ in the form of an editorial broadcasted Monday, May 7, 1979 ment of China, is subscribing to a fairy tale. during a local news program. In trying e Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, last China-like Germany and other unfortu­ year I introduced a substitute for the nately divided countries-is one nation to alleviate the shortage, it was the edi­ with two governments. We should recognize torialist's opinion that incentives to 176-page Federal aid to education au­ both. build should come in the form of tax thorization. My substitute would have Allies of President Carter's have justified relief for both new and rebuilt housing. done precisely what Federal aid to edu­ his decision in terms of a potential trade The argument is straightforward and cation was supposed to do in the first bonanza. But Mainland China, alt hough a simple: People who invest in large hous­ place: Return money from the Federal superpower in terms of population, is a ing projects should enjoy more benefits to the State and local level for educa­ very poor country. Recent ly I saw an NBC­ than just speeded-up depreciation. Re­ tional purposes. There was a time when TV documentary on life in China showing men pulling plows to cultivate the fields. No lief that now exists not only promotes the liberal leadership insisted tha.t Fed­ question the Chinese would like American incremental development but is highly eral aid to education was intended for goods. But they have very little money. vulnerable to large levels of trading. this purpose only. Liberals scoffed at the In 1978, our trade with Taiwan amounted This serves to nullify any move to in­ suggestion that such aid was intended to $7.8 billion. With Red China, it was one­ crease the total volume of new housing. to force Federal control on State or seventh of that. A tax break would hopefully induce peo­ local, and certainly never onto private, Because. the Mainland is such a backward ple to build by eliminating the State schools. The defeat of my substitute nation, the Administration wants to give it low-interest loans to buy our goods. The and Federal income tax on rent profits. made it clear once and for all that the Japanese, in their trade with the Commu­ Revenue would still be accrued in terms liberal aim in extending Federal aid to nists, have demanded payment for the most of property taxes and other fees. education was in fact for the purpose part in gold and hard currencies-and gotten Mr. Speaker, I feel this proposal is of controlling America's educational sys­ it. President Carter wants to use your tax thoughtful and deserves consideration. tem from Washington. dollars to give Red China low-interest loans It brings to our attention a pertinent is­ This attitude has been demonstrated to buy our goods. Some trade! sue now facing many Americans. In Cal­ even more clearly by the violently hostile Taiwan may have only 17 million people, compared to the Mainland's hundreds of mil­ ifornia we have noticed an increased na­ reaction of the liberal leadership against lions (no one knows how many), but it is a tional awareness of housing problems. the 28 States which to date have exer­ nation of real liberty. People are free to own This encourages tax reforms under con­ cised their constitutional prerogative of private property, to change jobs, to worship gressional consideration. New resolu­ asking for a constitutional amendment God, to travel, to speak and meet freely, to tions, including my own Renter's Re­ which would require a balanced Federal have normal family lives, to live in security. fundable Tax Credit Act of 1979 aimed budget in normal times. As the Wall None of these rights is available on the Main­ Street Journal editorial below points land, a regimented society unable even to to give relief to renters, should be help­ feed itself, dominated by a pervasive secret ful in alleviating the shortage of hous­ out, these liberal leaders are upset pri­ police, the "blue demons." ing. My fellow Members, with large ur­ marily by threats to Federal grant pro­ Taiwan is not a full democracy in the ban constituencies, I urge you to take grams which allow them to impose American sense, but it is an infinitely freer note of this growing problem in hope Washington's dictates on the States. and healthier society than the Mainland. And that we may work together to resolve it. These are precisely the sort of power the Taiwanese government has been our The material follows: grabs my substitute would have elimi­ strong ally in Asia since the early days of World War II. SOLVING THE HOUSING PROBLEM nated from the education aid authoriza­ In caving in to the Communist demands­ Southern California's housing shortage is tion bill last year. The mood of the in a probable dress rehearsal of SALT-the second only to infiation as everybody's big­ people and the spirit of the time is clear­ Administration has gotten little. It amounts, gest concern. ly on the side of this sort of return of as the liberal New Republic has pointed out, And while there are hundreds of ways to power to the States and to the people. "to a pathetic performance for a great power deal with the cause or effects of infiation, The Wall Street Journal lead editorial and yet another blot on the presidency of its there's only one way to solve the shortage of for March 5, 1979 is reproduced below. current steward, Jimmy Carter." safe, decent housing for people at low and Whatever the resolution of Senator Gold­ (From the Wall Street Journal, Mar. 5, 1979] middle income ranges, 81nd that is, to build 1979] water's suit, it is the Congress's job to make more of it. sure of three things: (1) That Taiwan is able And how do we propose to make that pos­ MusKIE VERSUS CETA? to purchase all the weapons it needs for its sible? Very simple: stop taxing rental in­ As Journal reporters Farney and Hyatt defense; (2) That our profitable trade with come, for new and re-built hormes and noted on this page a few days ago, Ed Muskie, Taiwan continues unhampered; (3) That we apartments. Tip O'Neill and Bob Byrd are growing in­ continue to have government to government People who invest money in big housing creasingly ill-tempered about that rising contact with Taiwan. projects enjoy some tax benefits now, in pile of state legislative resolutions demand­ Congress must make sure that the free speeded-up depreciation for example. But ing that Congress be constitutionally re- 10160 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 qulred to balance the federal budget. No to bypass state legislatures altogether in the ground work is done in the dark. (In France doubt their anger will height en if the num­ control of federally funded programs. it is called "travail au noir," in Italy "lavoro ber of such resolut ions, now at 28, continues On average, states must find one dollar to nero," in West Germany "schwartzarbeit" to rise toward the 34 that would force Con­ match every three dollars in federal funds and in the England, more insouciantly, gress to act on their demands. they receive. Legislators have taken increas­ "fiddling.") We can understand the annoyance of pow­ ing notice that states, such as Indiana and But Professor Gutmann asserts that last erful Congressmen at being pushed around Kansas, which have been relatively cool to year the American subterranean economy ac­ by a bunch of upstart state legislators, some federal aid often seem to be in better eco­ counted for roughly $220 billion, or slightly of whom don't even have offices, let alone nomic condition than those that have more than 10 percent of the gross national $200 million legislative palaces. We can even grabbed as much as possible. product. So huge a figure implies that under­ agree that a constitutional requirement For all these reasons, many state legisla­ ground income is being received not just by might present problems, although we would tors will not be frightened by Messrs. Mus­ gangsters, racketeers, drug peddlers, prosti­ quickly add no one would be proposing such kie, Byrd and O'Neill. They would welcome tu ~es and illegal gamblers, but by a lot of draconian ideas if Congress had been doing better control of their own state budgets. people who think of themselves as respect­ its job. Most of the fright we've seen so far has been able and law-abiding citizens, and who, for What interests us most, however, is the in Washington.e the most part, are. bellicose and intemperate responses in Con­ Joseph A. Pechman of the Brookings Insti­ gress to the innocent pleas from the state tution, who is one of the country's leading houses for fiscal responsib111ty. A House ma­ THE HIDDEN ECONOMY tax experts, believes that the largest single jority aide talks of giving someone a "fat group of nontaxpayers are domestic workers, Up." Mr. O'Neill thinks a hard look at fed­ a vast number of whom are paid in cash eral aid to the states will "drive them to HON. JACK F. KEMP without their employers contributing to or their senses." Mr. Muskie voices a similar deducting taxes for Social Security, unem­ threat. OF NEW YORK We don't know how many state legislators IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ployment insurance or other benefits. are quaking in their boots over such threats Nowadays, however, there are many other but we suspect that the numbers may be Monday, May 7, 1979 types of subterranean .transactors: retailers less than the Congressmen think. We our­ • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, I urge those who skim off part of the sales taxes they col­ selves are fascinated at the spectacle of pow­ lect to keep for themselves; plumbers; of my colleagues who still believe the Fed­ builders; garage mechanics; diamond mer­ erful Congressmen threatening to withdraw eral Government can wait another 2 federal money from the states and cities. chants; orchestra leaders who ask to be paid Don't they know this would also reduce fed­ years to do something about our rapidly in cash and will often give a substantial dis­ eral power? rising marginal tax rates due to inflation count if they are; employees working "off the In order to make the threat as credible and excessive progressivity to read books"; businessmen who pay their suppliers as possible, the Congressmen are targeting Leonard Silk's article on "The Hidden in cash, plus hundreds of thousands of work­ it on the general revenue sharing money the Economy" in the New York Times of ing illegal immigrants. federal government sends to the states. April 27, 1979. Is the underground economy growing rela­ That's the one area where someone at HEW, tive to the above-ground economy? There is or HUD, or the Department of Labor or some Mr. Silk reports on the economic re­ no way to be sure, but Professor Gutmann other agency doesn't get to design the pro­ search, identified with Prof. Peter Gut­ contends that it is, using the more rapid grams and meddle in their management. Not mann of Baruch College, into the under­ growth of cash than of demand deposits as surprisingly, general revenue sharing has ground economy of illegal nontaxed cash a prime indicator of the trend. In the 12- never been very popular with Congress or the or barter transactions. The research in­ month period ending April 4, 1979, he points Washington bureaucracy. dicates that, rather than increasing reve­ out, currency in circulation increased by 9.6 On the other hand, it only represents some percent while checking accounts at commer­ nue, steadily rising effective income tax cial banks rose by only 2.6 percent. $6.8 b1llion of the $83 billion the Feds will rates drive economic activity under­ ship to the states in the current fiscal year, However, such figures are not definitive and again next year. So there isn't much ground when the rates become too pro­ proof. Gross national product in dollars un­ room for Congress to start cutting back on hibitive. corrected for inflation grew by 13.7 percent aid to the states without cutting into the The size of this burgeoning subter­ from the first quarter of 1978 through the pet spending programs of individual Con­ first quarter of 1979. Thus, though currency ranean economy is estimated at $220 bil­ in circulation grew over three times as fast as gressmen. Does anyone really believe that lion, or one-tenth the size of our official Senator Muskie is going to lead the attack demand deposits, it did not keep pace with GNP. At an average tax of 20 percent, money G.N.P. The sluggish growth of demand on the CETA public ~rvice jobs program, or community development? this economic activity would yield more deposits resulted from shifts out of checking than $40 billion in Federal revenues alone accounts into certificates of deposit, money It is in "categorical" aid programs, desig­ market funds and other high-yielding assets, nated for a specific purpose, where the big if it were taxable. Silk writes: not into currency. On the other hand, the federal money is. And since Congressmen and fact that cash has not gone into these instru­ bureaucrats have been working their brains Inflation plays a double role in promoting ments suggests an effort to evade the tax this trend. First, it pushes people into higher overtime over the last 15 years dreaming up collector. such programs, they have become a major and higher tax brackets without allowing Over the longer run, cash has maintained projection of federal power. Currently, there them proportionate increases in their real in­ in large part its share of reported G.N.P., are some 500 such programs, reaching into come. Second, it undermines their sense of while demand deposits have not. Back in everything from museum management, to justice; many feel they are being deprived of 1939, for example, currency in circulation urban rat control, to the control of Medic­ their hard-earned money by irresponsible amounted to 6.8 percent of G.N.P. By 1960, aid fraud, to local health "planning." government and controlled by others who this cash ratio had come down to 5.8 percent, While state and local governments are no are benefitting from government payments, and by 1972 to 4 percent. But in 1973, a year more eager than anyone else to turn down subsidies or tax breaks. when inflation began to roll, the cash ratio money, they have become increasingly dis­ I would like to submit Mr. Silk's article jumped to 4.7 percent, and it has stayed high, lllusioned as the federal grants have prolif­ ;for my colleagues' interest, as a forceful amounting to 4.6 percent last year. By con­ erated. Federally sponsored public housing illustration of the counterproductive trast, demand deposits back in 1939 equaled programs have plunged some cities deeply budgetary and economic effect of reduc­ about 30 percent of G.N.P., but today amount into debt and eroded their tax bases, at the to only 12.5 percent. So the susoicion that same time creating new slums and rent ing incentives through the combined ef­ people are evading the tax collector by hiding collection problems. Some federal programs fect of inflation and excessively step in­ in noninterest-bearing currency looks well which the state and local governments are come tax progression. founded. supposed to implement, CETA for example, The article follows: Inflation plays a dou'ble role in promoting have been badly designed, giving rise to ECONOMIC SCENE: THE HIDDEN ECONOMY this trend. First, it pushes people into higher fraud and deception. (By Leonard Silk) and higher tax brackets without allowing for Washington has become increasingly proportionate increases in their real income. heavy handed in attaching conditions to The combination of high .taxes, inflation Second, i·t undermines their sense of justice; federal grants. HEW Chief Califano and and eroding respect for government is split­ many feel they are being deprived of their North Carolina became involved in a major ting every advanced industrial nation into hard-e9rned money bv irresponsible govern­ flap last year over HEW's threats to with­ two economies-an above-ground economy ment and controlled by others who are bene­ draw federal funds from the University of that, as Prof. Peter M. Gutmann of Baruch fitting from government payments, subsidies North Carolina unless it subscribed to College in New York s::~.ys, is legal and taxed, or tax breaks. HEW's racial admissions goals. Pennsyl­ and a subterranean economy that is illegal This leads to what Professor Gutmann vania's state legislature recently went to and untaxed. labels " t he new morality." which he thinks court to wrest control over federal funds No one really knows how large the under­ began with an unwillingness to pay for the from the governor and thus thwart efforts ground economy is; by its very nature, under- unpopular Vietnam war. He finds an "in- May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMA.RK.S 10161 creasing tendency to 'rip off' the system for him and rare is the instance when he will join. They said if I joined I could count on whatever is possible," both in tax evasion and even comment on that part of his life. good reports on my work. If I didn't I could in abuses on the spending side of the budget. Of course, he needs that success to be able figure on bad reports. I told them to take How can one get rid of the subterranean to carry on his campaign for personal free­ their union and shove it." economy? dom so his time is divided among them. But But he also saw some good things at Lock­ No easy answers exist. Mr. Pechman's sug­ his life's work, if you care to characterize heed. "I saw employees of the company who gestion is tax reform, "to reduce the cost of it in such terms, is more and more dedicated had been with them since the Depression participating in the legal economy." He to making this country a better place to live and they really appreciated just having a would cut taxes, reduce the role of govern­ because of the freedoms we enjoy. job and decent wage. They wanted to be paid ment in the economy and switch to less Disregarding his childhood and the enor­ accordingly but they earned it too." visible taxes, such as the value-added tax, a mous impact that his father, John Smeed, And he remembers the president of a sort of sales tax built into the price of a had on him, Ralph's life breaks down into major airline coming through the plant for product. But in Britain and on the Conti­ three time spans-World War II to 1964; 1964 a visit. At one point the executive took a nent, where the tax has been in effect for a. to 1972; and 1972 to the present. match from his pocket and tried to light while, people have discovered how to cheat But before delving into those three eras some fire-proof material simply to test it. on the value-added tax, too. in Smeed's life, reference to his father cannot "I got to see people from the top down Stopping inflation would help.e be overlooked. Much of what Caldwell is through the ranks and how they reacted today can be tra.ced to a handful of men­ to various situations, stresses and so forth." not the least of which is John Smeed, long Near the end of the war Smeed found him­ deceased. self in tre Army and was shipped to Japan IDEAS HAVE CONSEQUENCES When talk is of the business forces that six days after the surrender of the Japanese. molded, shaped and rr:aintained Caldwell in "I thought I knew what confusion was at early times the names Batt, Pa-sley, Crook­ Lockheed, but the Army was something else." HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS ham, Gipson, Smeed, come easily to the But it wasn't the confusion that sticks in OF IDAHO conversation. his mind as he recalls those days. "Coming IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ralph grew up in a family that was busi­ from Caldwell, Idaho, I always thought of the ness-oriented and extremely successful. Some Black Market as something bad. But I found Monday, May 7, 1979 of his father's business dealings are legend­ out in Japan it wasn't all bad. ary. And no doubt what his father was and "There were so many rules and regulations • Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, it has often in force that it was impossible to get any­ been said that ideas have consequences­ the reputation he enjoyed-and stlll en­ joys-had an impression on Ralph and helped thing. A Black Market sprung up in Osaka that the pen is more powerful than the form him into what he is today. that did a good job of distributing goods and sword. Such has certainly been the case Yet, even with that overwhelming influence services. But it didn't have to be there. It in my home State of Idaho, thanks to my Smeed talks not so much of his father and sprung up and worked and prospered because good friend Ralph Smeed of Caldwell. He his successes but about "ideas"-always it there wasn't any choice. Doing things the is to be credited with beginning a free­ is ideas. For Smeed does not dwell long in government's way meant not doing it at all the past. or the process for procuring goods became so dom education effort in the State. I owe Today is the beginning of tomorrow and complicated it wasn't worth the effort." special gratitude to Ralph for he is large­ there is work to be done. And Smeed's work, The law of supply and demand, Smeed ly responsible for my involvement in the as noted earlier. is spreading the gospel of says, was aaso imprinted on him when Ameri­ effort to spread the message of freedom freedom and how it will benefit us all if we can servicemen would go looking for girls. give it a chance. Economic freedom and "At first the Army recognized this as a fact and liberty. and provided bus transportation to the It is rare, Mr. Speaker, that one en­ social freedom-you can't have one without the other, he says. houses of prostitution in Osaka and back to counters a man these days with a stead­ the base. And, of course, there was proper fast devotion to principle even during WORLD WAR II TO 1964 medical treatment under those circum­ times of adverse popular opinion. When Just as many younger people can remem­ stances. ber exactly where they were and what they "But then the bus trips were outlawed and I first met Ralph Smeed it was not popu­ were doing when President John Kennedy so was the medical care. So what happened? lar to warn of the excesses of govern­ was shot dead in Dallas, those of another Guys still found a way into Osaka and a way ment; rather, it was popular to advance generation can remember the where and the back to the base but the diseases they picked the cause of government. Now, however, what of their lives when they heard the up went untreated. The point is this: If you the message that Ralph Smeed has been Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor. make rules or laws outlawing something peo­ espousing for many years is more popu­ Smeed was working for Lockheed Aircraft ple want you are going to have a Black Mar­ in California when he heard the news and ket in its place. lar, and as a result, he is receiving some he recalls being with a vice-president of that "Even as a young man in Japan I could see overdue recognition. firm. "It occurred to me at the time that I that freedom and free entry into the market Recently, Rick Coffman, editor of the was with a big defense tycoon who would would always prevail despite laws, rules and Caldwell News Tribune, wrote a feature have a vital role in the war. As the war un­ regulations." story about Ralph and his career as Ida­ folded I paid attention to the corporate side Following his stint in the Army Smeed re­ ho's chief liberty merchant. I commend Of it. I was our corporate effet:tiveness and turned to Caldwell to the livestock business our resources overcame Japan and Ger­ his father had prospered ln. "Before the war this article to my colleagues in Congress many." the livestock industry was intensely market in appreciation of Ralph's inspiration During the war Smeed worked in Lock­ oriented. Sometimes you would buy and sell and loyal friendship. It reads as follows: heed's experimental division helping design cattle all day until 2 a.m. "IDEAS HAVE CONSEQUENCES": RALPH SMEED'S and create a little better weapon to do a "But then the government got involved THE NAME, FREEDOM'S THE GAME little job than what the enemy had. and everyone got hurt because it didn't know But he also saw some things he didn't anything about the industry. It passed one (By Rick Coffman) llke. "I got my first first-hand taste of bu­ law that said if you had 20,000 square feet of It isn't easy to find someone in this valley reaucracy and how it could mess things up. space you fell under the regulations. Does that either doesn't know Ralph Smeed per­ Lockheed had a real expert in planes work­ that make sense?" sonally or at least know of him. ing for them who went into the Navy just Scabies, sometimes a problem in the live­ Famous to some, infamous to others. But before the war. They arranged to get him stock business, was something "the rancher regardless, Smeed carries on his crusade for out to help with the defense effort but the and the auction took.care of themselves. You freedom, hopeful that someday enough ot government turned right back around and had to," says Smeed. "But the government the right people will get the message. re-drafted him." got involved despite the fact the problem Smeed acknowledges that getting the free­ And then there were the guys that was being taken care of and messed it up. dom message across won't be easy. But here­ wouldn't do their part-that didn't care The government wanted to do it its way mains steadfast in his bellef that, "Ideas have about the life and death struggle we were and it didn't work. They didn't want to deal conequences" and someday the idea of free­ engaged in. "I could never understand how with the problem after 5 p.m. during the dom will result in America becoming what it a lot of those guys could take some of the week and not at all on the weekends.. " was intended to be at its founding some 200 big slabs of felt we worked with and take Livestock men subsequently formed the years ago. them back to a store room and go to sleep. National Livestock Association and the But in the meantime the fight goes on. A lot of the time ability didn't count at all; American Livestock Association to fight gov­ At the same time the caldwellite is con­ it was just a question of personalities and ernment harassment and for a while it ducting his battle on the idea front, he is who you knew." worked, recalls Smeed. considered one of the brightest and ablest And then there was a problem with But then the organization took a turn businessman in the valley. unions. Lockheed, initially, was a non-union that turned Smeed moreso against the gov­ Most people would be content with the organization. But during the war it solicited ernment and against the "public utility" business accomplishments Smeed has to his an open-shop union pact. "Some of the and-or "licensing" type of mentality. credit. But engage in a conversation with union guys came to me. and asked me to "The livestock groups organized to fight 10162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 government intervention but eventually they encouraged me to stay out of polltics. He U.S. Senate, successfuily as it turned out. But realized the thing to do was to get special convinced me of his belief that politicians the seat he was abandoning was up for grabs favors. from the government rather than fight are really second-hand dealers in ideas. They though Boise attorney Wayne Kidwell, Sen­ it all the time." follow people, they don't lead them." ate majority leader m the Idaho Senate, was So the cattlemen used their influence to So Smeed jumped feet first into studying the favorite to win the GOP primary. pass "proof of necessity" laws through the about freedom. And he began to come in Despite the fact that most everybody con­ country thereby limiting competition. In COIIltact with others of the same feeling. He sidered Kidwell unbeatable, an orchardist other words, a new livestock auction couldn't also staa"ted to preach the freedom ideal in from Caldwell named Steve Symms entered be started unless it could prove before a this state. the race. His campaign manager was Bob state board that it was needed. The results at first were not encouraging. Smith; his guru, Ralph Smeed. And normally those boards were packed He became a member of the Snake River What happened to make Smeed jump back with other livestockmen who in no way Regional Studies Center on the Gc.llege of into the political arena? would vote themselves added competition. Idaho <:ampus, Caldwell. The Center with a "Leonard Read had been telUng me for "It became obvious to me that the govern­ $100,000 grant from the Hill Foundation. years that politicians follow ideas, they don't ment is the wrong one to protect anybody. Smeed notes that the foundation received create them. But in Symms I found a man Too much of the government is. nothing more its money from the family that built the who was idea-oriented and has the freedom than selling special favors to the highest Great Northern railroad, the only railroad message. bidder. It became apparent that the real to come West without a government subsidy. "We honestly went into the campaign in­ answer was to get the government out of as "They did it on their own," he smiles. terested in ideas first, getting elected second. much of our lives as possible and let open As one of a 50-man advisory board made If he got elected, fine. If he didn't, well we competition police things." up of college professors, business leaders and thought it would at least give us the oppor­ Smeed said during the 1950s he nurtured so forth, Smeed tried to interest the board tunity to introduce a lot of ideas to the rest the thought that political action was the in his feellng that ideas count. of the state.'' way to bring about change. But he really "I circulated an article on taxing pollu­ What happened, says Smeed, is really a didn't see anybody in politics that felt the tion as a means to curb it just to show them tribute to Leonard Read and Symms. Syrnrns' government was the problem not the solution that conservatives aren't against everything. freedom philosophy campaign and ideology until 1964 and Barry Goldwater. We do have some ideas. And I showed them caught on with the voters. He defeated Kid­ an article praising Boise-Cas<:ade company well and another challenger in the primary 1964 to 1972 for taking a crummy area in Minnesota and and went on to win the general election. In 1964 Goldwater caught the active atten­ developing it into something useful. Syrnrns has won every subsequent election in­ tion of Smeed. He became a delegate to the "But I guess I must have been a threat to cluding the most recent with 60 percent of Republican national convention and went to them. I got kicked off the board. But it the popular vote. San Francisco to nominate "a man full of wasn't me threatening them. It was my "Leonard Read said that if you do your ideals and principles." ideas. Leonard Read was right. Ideas do homework people will come to you. Well, But then Goldwater got blown apart in have consequences. They couldn't deal with they did in that election. Read's philosophical the general election. "Our man on the white my ideas so they dealt with me and kicked ideas turned out to be super-practical." charger," Smeed comments. "Here he went me off the board." From that campaign, Smeed has branched around the country and told the truth and While Smeed was on the board he and out. He is now a statewide columnist deal­ lost. He said the Tennessee Valley Authority two other Canyon County men began a ing mostly in ideas (there's that word again) should be sold. He said Social !Security was publication called the Idaho Compass. Those and a few years back was asked by the gov­ going bankrupt. But the truth didn't make two are Steve Syrnrns, now a U.S. congress­ ernment television station in Boise if he any difference." man, and Bob Smith, a Nampa attorney, would submit to a lengthy interview on his As stunning as the wide margin of defeat former Symms' aide, and unsuccessful candi­ philosophy. at hands of Lyndon Johnson was, Smeed was date for the U.S. Senate against Frank He agreed, the interview ran and Smeed hurt by Republicans like Nelson Rockefeller Church. has been much in demand ever since to working against Goldwater. The Compass, explains Smeed, was totally espouse his libertarian feelings. A libertarian "I knew something was wrong with my idea-oriented. "We didn't deal in person­ is one who believes in social and economic thinking but I didn't know what it was. I alities, just ideas. We tossed out ideas to the freedom and, in fact, there is even a national thought the answer was in politics." education and political establishment." political party of the same name that, iron­ Smeed said his mid-1960s transformation But just as Smeed fell victim to his cam­ ically, sprung up about the same time as the away from politics came as a result of litera­ Symms candidacy in 1972. ture sent to him by Caldwellite Jim Gipson, paign for ideas, so did Symms. A graduate of University of Idaho, Syrnrns was vice-presi­ But Smeed is not resting on his laurels. Sr. "I was receiving Human Events (a maga­ While he writes and lectures in favor of zine) and publications from the Foundation dent of the Alumni Association when he, Smeed and Smith created the Compass. freedom and tries to find political candidates for Economic Education (FEE)." who feel likewise, his latest effort is in the In 1965 Smeed decided to head east and When he became president of the Alumni education field. visit Human Events with the idea that he Association, Symms tried to convince his "Everyone is a product of the education might start a similar publication in Idaho board that the ideas found in the Compass system," Smeed emphasizes. "The liberals pointing out government stupidity. weren't incompatible with the best Interests own the education establishment lock, stock And while he was back there he would of the University of Idaho. and barrel. The reason we don't have people delve further into this thing called FEE, But one board member told him, "You've coming out of the system with a feeling for located in New York State. As it turned out got to sell the education put out here, like freedom is that there is no one there teach­ the visit to FEE and its director, Leonard it or not." Syrnrns didn't like it, said so, ing it. Read, altered the course of Smeed's life. "It lost a vote of confidence and left the post­ "You wouldn't have to worry about finding changed my whole outlook," he says. right after he kissed the Homecoming quefln politicians that believe in freedom or in "At FEE I really got a dose of freedom. I at the annual football game. educating people about freedom 1f the educa­ learned about the philosophies of Milton Laughs Smeed, "Steve told them he tion system would teach about it. Friedman and Thomas Jefferson. It became wouldn't resign until then and he didn't.'· obvious to me that politics as well as govern­ "I am now knocking on the education es­ Ironically, most of what Symms proposed to tablishment's door to introduce them to free ment were part of the problem. The solution the board 10 years ago has come to pass to­ was to change the emphasis from electing enterprise, private ownership, property day. rights, non-interventionism, non-collect­ people to teaching people about freedom and He advocated a form of contract education what it has to offer rather than receiving ivism. In the long run the education system favors from your politician and the govern­ in the schools of min~s and forestry and it is will have more to say about what kind of ment." now coming to pass. But what really got him country we are than any other single factor.'' So Smeed decided against a Human Events­ in hot water was his call that the university Along that line, Smeed is now on the advi­ type magazine in Idaho and he realized that fund a professorship in free enterprise. sory board of the State Board of Education political change wouldn't do much to bring Last fall the university announced it was and he, along with some friends, have pur­ about a fundamental change in the direction soliciting donations from Idaho businessmen chased a stately older home in Boise and of the country. to fund a chair in free enterprise. Again, says founded the Center for the Study of Market What was needed was a switch in people's Smeed, "ideas have consequences. Symms Altern a t1 ves. thinking. "I thought I knew about private didn't have a bad idea. He was just 10 years "We needed a flagpole in the intermoun­ enterprise but I didn't. I really began study­ too soon.'' tain area," Smeed says. "A place for people ing it. The book that really brought every­ 19 7 2 TO 'fHE PRESENT to pursue their ideas. We know we are not thing home to me was, 'The Anti-Capitallst In 1972 Smeed's thinking came full circle. going to turn masses of people around over­ Mentality' by Ludwig Von Mises." At one time convinced that politics was the night but we really do believe in the ideal The more Smeed studied, the more he be­ answer only to later retract that thought and of presenting the world with one improved came convinced that the freedom philosophy believe that ideas count most, Smeed saw an person. was the only course. "It was tough," notes opportunity in 1972 to combine both. "Our idea of an 'improved person' is one Smeed. "I had thought for so long that Idaho First District Congressman Jim Mc­ who believes in and recognizes the idea of politics was the answer. But Leonard Read Clure was giving up the seat to run for the freedom. This country got to be where it is May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10163 because our people had the freedom to do so. The Alaska Lands issue is a complex one. After a 1-year phase-in period, the Corpo­ But that has been eroded over the years. We The disposition of the federal lands there ration would have the exclusive authority to need to rekindle that." must strike a balance between providing negotiate with oil-producing countries the Once a lonely voice, Smeed has gained commodities and amenities for the benefit amounts of oil to be purchased !or import quite a following. But he refuses to take of the greater American public and preserv­ and the prices either by means of direct pur­ credit personally. Always, it is back to his ing important environmental qualities. How­ chase, sealed offers of sale, or other means it mentor, Leonard Read and-you guessed it­ ever, this is not a new or unique-to-Alaska chooses. The Corporation then would sell "Ideas have consequences.''• process. Alaska lands will contribute the the imported oil to all qualified buyers for maximum benefit to the economy and society domestic use. when administered under the multiple-use Q. Does such oil import authority exist in concept of land use management. The assign­ the law at the present time? ALASKA LANDS ment of some areas to special or exclusive use A. Optional, or stand-by, authority for the is justifiable within the framework ui. multi­ Government to buy and resell imported oil ple use and can be determined through es­ already exists under the Emergency Petro­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL tablished land use planning procedures. leum Allocation Act of 1973, The Energy Pol­ We believe that HR 39, as introduced by icy and Conservation Act of 1975, and also OF MICHIGAN Congressman Huckaby and revised by Con­ under the 1977 Act that established the De­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gressmen Breaux and Dingell, comes the partment of Energy. This authority has not Monday, May 7, 1979 nearest to an environmentally balanced bill been exercised to date. This bill would give of any of those advanced to-date. It will pro­ the Corporation the exclusive authority to • Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, for the tect Alaska's scenic beauty, wildlife and cul­ purchase and resell all imported oil brought benefit of my colleagues, I am inserting tural resources while permitting reason­ into the United States for use in the United into the RECORD, letters of support for able development activities. It provides the States. the Breaux-Dingell substitute to H.R. greater degree of flexibilit y in land use al­ Q . How is oil currently imported into the location and managemnt decisions with the United States? 39 from the United Brotherhood of Car­ result that a better mix of commodity and A. A handful of multinational corporations penters and Joiners of America and the amenity values can be obtained from these are in complete control of the importation Western Forestry and Conservation public lands. It seems to more nearly meet of oil into the U.S. These oil companies ne­ Association. the total needs of the American people than gotiate the amounts to be imported on a UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPEN­ that obtainable through massive lock ups contract or spot-purchase basis, and pay TERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, with no incentive for exploration and no whatever prices the oil-producing countries LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT, opportunity for development. charge. There is then, no real negotiation Washington, D.C., May 2, 1979. The nation's need for energy, increased raw over the prices that the OPEC or other oil:­ Hon. JOHN D. DINGELL, material availability and a redress of the producing countries charge, or the surcharges U.S. House of Representatives, balance of payments is well known to you. they levy. This system operates in complete Washington, D.C. Alaska's resources can help meet all of these secrecy, without public accountability or MY DEAR CoNGRESSMAN DING ELL: I am needs and still preserve priceless areas. Your consideration of national interests. writing to you at this time to urge your sup­ support of HR 39 as supported by Congress­ Q . Are there any competitive forces operat­ port for the Breaux-Dingell Alaska Lands man Breaux, Dingell and Huckaby will help ing in the existing oil import system? bill as reported by the House Committee on accomplish this and will be greately appre­ A. None at all. On one side are the oil-pro­ Merchant Marine and Fisheries. ciated. ducing countries, led by the OPEC cartel, It is our belief that the Breaux-Dingell Sincerely yours, dictating the price and also the amount for Bill together with its companion legisla­ STEELE BARNETT, sale. On the other side are a handful of giant tion, the Huckaby substitute, as reported by Forest CounseZ.e oil companies, that have had historic ties the House Interior Committee represents the wit h the OPEC producers, enjoy special ac­ most balanced approach to the long contro­ cess and privileges, whose corporate inter­ versy surrounding the resolution of Alaska's ests are served by rising oil prices and, there­ vast resources. THE OIL IMPORTS ACT OF 1979 fore, lack any incentive whatsoever to nego­ We do believe that with the growing tiate lower prices for imported oil. Under emergency of our nation's energy needs that these circumstances, free-market bargaining the revamped Udall Bill is far too extreme. HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. does not exist. There is at present no coun­ This B111 would make it impossible for all tervailing market force that resists ever practical purposes for our nation to fairly OF MICHIGAN higher oil prices. utilize the huge timber, mineral and fuel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Q. How would the Oil Imports Act pro­ resources of Alaska. mote worldwide competition in oil? The Breaux-Dingell Bill in our view is very Monday, May 7, 1979 A. The strength of the OPEC cartel has close to a.nd even an improvement to the Bill e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, on never been tested by the buyers in the inter­ that all the parties almost agreed to at the April 10, 1979, Representatives BENJAMIN national marketplace. In addition to the 13 clo!'"e of the last congress. OPEC countries, there are presently 60 oil­ We respectfully urge you to support ROSENTHAL, CHARLES ROSE, and myself producing nations, 23 of which produce oil Breaux-Dingell when this matter reaches the introduced the Oil Imports Act of 1979, for export. It is highly likely that some of fioor. that creates a Federal nonprofit corpo­ these countries would accept lower prices for Sincerely yours, ration as the sole importing agent for the opportunity to produce oil at higher CHARLES E. NICHOLS, crude oil and petroleum products im­ levels and, thereby, receive greater total rev­ General Treasurer and ported into the United States. As a re­ enues. In addition, recent studies indicate Director of Legislation. new investment in exploration and drilling sult of the interest that has been gen­ would yield a large volume of new oil pro­ WESTERN FORESTRY erated by this legislation and the in­ duction, particularly among non-OPEC oil­ AND CONSERVATION ASSOCIATION, quiries for further information, the fol­ producing countries. Portland, Oreg., May 1, 1979. lowing factsheet has been written to The Oil Imports Act would furnish all oil­ Hon. JOHN DINGELL, describe in greater detail the provisions producing countries the incentives to com­ U.S. House of Representatives, of H.R. 3604, the Oil Imports Act of 1979. pete for the American import market. It Washington, D.C. would enable the Federal oil import corpo­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN DINGELL: The Western The factsheet is presented in the form of ration to negotiate with OPEC and non­ Forestry and Conservation Association has questions and answers on the major OPEC countries on an equal footing and to long been concerned with the land ues allo­ issues which the bill addresses itself to: shop around for the lowest prices. By deter­ cations and management decisions of the THE OIL IMPORTS ACT OF 1979 (H.R. 3604): mining the amount of oil to be imported, the public lands in Alaska. We recognize that A FACTSHEET corporation would have added leverage on Alaska has some areas of outstanding beauty, pricing. The legislation would have the long­ unique wildlife habitat, unusual Arctic eco­ Q . What are the basic provisions of the term effect of stimulating world oil produc­ systems and native Indian and Eskimo cul­ Oil Imports Act? tion. These actions would promote an inter­ tural values. However, we also know that A. This bill would establish a Federal non­ play of free market forces in the interna­ Alaska possesses considerable quantities of profit corporation to buy and resell all crude tional oil market virtually for the first time. badly needed minerals, considerable areas of oil and petroleum products imported into Q. Would this legislation bring down the potential energy fuels and many acres of the United States. The Corporation would price of imported oil? forest lands. We are also aware of the Alaska have a board of directors appointed by the A. A reduction in cost of $1 per barrel of Statehood Act's intent and. provisos that the President with the concurrence of the Senate. imported oil through the Corporation, in the public lands would be used to help the State The Corporation would have broad latitude absence of crude oil decontrol, would save of Alaska, the native tribes and the Eskimos in policy-making combined with public the nation $3 billion per year. This is an achieve economic self sufficiency. accountability. average savings of $60 per year per family of 10164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 four. In the longer term, if the price of do­ necessary. The corporation cannot own any with the Salisbury settlement, the govern­ mestic crude oil were decontrolled, thereby assets, and is strictly in the business of im­ ments of other nations and, above all, our pegging that price to the price of imported porting oil.e own, should not be opposing it." oil, any reduction in the price of imported I couldn't agree more. But according to oil would also affect a decrease in the price Washington reports, President Carter still of domestic oil. wants to try to bring about a different settle­ Q. Would the oil imports bill insure a BALLOTS PREVAIL IN RHODESIA ment in which the guerrilla leaders would steady supply of oil in times of emergency? participate and new elections would be held A. In 1974 EXXON refused a request of the under United Nations supervision. U.S. Navy in the Mediterranean to purchase HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO In other words, he wants a perfect solu­ oil. It claimed that its supplies were com­ OF CALIFORNIA tion. It is undoubtedly well-intentioned, but mitted at a higher price than the Navy of­ it is naive and utopian. Ian Smith and fered. The Oil Imports legislation would pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Muzorewa will never agree to it. They well vent such a situation from occurring again. Monday, May 7, 1979 remember what happened to South Vietnam It transfers to the Corporation the author­ after we forced the Saigon government into ity to purchase oil for the strategic petro­ e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, the accepting a phony peace agreement with leum reserve, a vital function which has following article from the Los Angeles North Vietnam's communist imperialists. been plagued with problems in its man­ Herald Examiner concerns the recent The Carter administration also wants to agement under the Department of Energy. constitutional elections that were held in delay the lifting of American economic sanc­ In addition, the bill would establish an ad­ Rhodesia. The author, William Randolph tions against Rhodesia so they can be used visory board, consisting of the key Federal to pressure the elected, moderate biracial departments and agencies, that would coor­ Hearst, Jr., correctly concludes that the government to negotiate what surely would dinate with the Corporation the safeguard­ overwhelming turnout for the elections turn out to be a suicidal deal with Nkomo ing of vital national interests during emer­ requires a new U.S. policy. I continue to and Mugabe. gencies, including priority access to the support the elimination of economic The British Conservative Party, which is Armed Forces. sanctions. odds-on to win next week's general elections, Q. Once the Corporation purchases im­ The article follows: is committed to lift sanctions against Rho­ ported oil, how would it resell the oil in the BALLOTS PREVAIL IN RHODESIA desia. If it does so, our administration's U.S.? present policy will be bankrupt. (By William Randolph Hearst Jr.) A. The Oil Imports legislation seeks to ac­ Joe Kingsbury-Smith, our national editor, complish 3 broad purposes: (a) to make In a world of so much distressing news; it informed me the State Department is taking available imported oil to American consum­ is a relief to have some good news for a "another look" at that policy in view of the ers at the lowest prices possible; (b) to change. "significant" size of the black turnout in the promote competition in the domestic oil in­ The elections in Rhodesia were, for them Rhodesian elections. I earnestly hope the dustry so that all domestic marketers-small and for me, good news. The outcome was not "new look" leads the president to pursue a and medium-sized firms as well as the giant a perfect one, but it was a significant and more realistic policy. multinational oil corporations-have access historic step in the direction of a sane solu­ A Senate amendment adopted last fall re­ to imported oil; (c) to maximize the utiliza­ tion of the Rhodesian racial problem. It quires Carter to lift sanctions after the es­ tion of domestic refining capacity in the pro­ means that if the new biracial government tablishment of the new black-led govern­ duction of petroleum products for Ameri­ lasts, we will have a pro-western democratic ment if he determines that government was can consumption. regime in that strategically important coun­ chosen by free elections in which all politi­ try instead of a Soviet-oriented black cal parties and population groups were Under the legislation, the Corporation Marxist dictatorship. "allowed" to participate freely. That date would have considerable latitude in making It is a great tribute to the good sense and now is set for June 1. the rules governing the sale of imported oil, desire for peace of the black people of A substantial number of senators, perhaps but would have to accomplish the above Rhodesia. even a majority, believe those conditions broad purposes. When domestic demand for At the risk of brutal retaliation from were met, and I share that view. Kenneth imported oil is in line with supply, the Cor­ guerrilla terrorists, a l:uge majority of those Towsey, head of the Rhodesian Information poratio.n would resell the oil to all qualified eligible to vote went to the polls to support Office in Washington, said the guerrilla lead­ buyers for use in the United States. It would establishment of a black-led government in ers could have participated in the electionB free the smaller domestic oil marketers from which the white minority would have some and voted against the Salisbury settlement their complete dependence on the major oil veto power for 10 years. if they had agreed to a cease fire during tbe companies. When domestic demand for im­ As Methodist Bishop Abel Muzorewa, the campaign and elections. Had they thought ported oil exceeds supply, the Corporation U.S.-educated moderate black leader who won they could win, they surely would have done would ensure that the supply is allocated an overwhelming victory in the elections, said so. Instead, they openly proclaimed their equitably, that the needs of all priority users sometime ago, granting the whites that privi­ determination to conquer Rhodesia by force are met, and that the prices paid and the lege was a reasonable price to pay to retain with Soviet, Cuban and Chinese Communist costs to consumers are kept to the lowest their skills in the future economic develop­ help. level feasible. The Corporation is a non­ ment of the country. As for observers, The Washington Star re­ profit agency of the Federal government; The fact that the 28 whites who will sit in ported from Salisbury: it is mandated to recover the amounts neces­ the new 100-member parliament w111 have "Despite the fact that 72 international sary for administrative expenses, but is not veto power over changes in the civil service, observers and more than 200 reporters-most in the business of making a profit. judiciary and security forces is cited by the of the latter eager to find fault-scoured the Q . Does this legislation set up a FEDERAL two guerrilla leaders, Nkomo and Mugabe, as vast country for five days in search of irregu­ bureaucracy to buy and sell oil? the reason for their rejection of the settle­ larities, few concrete examples were fonud." !A. The Oil Imports bill establishes a pub­ ment, but that is not the real reason. They The Star report added the general impres­ lic non-profit corporation, modeled after the knew they could not win power in an election, sion was that the election "was largely free Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and other and the 67 percent of the veto Bishop Muzo­ of overt government intimidation and marks public corporations, and give it, rather than rewa received proved it. e. positive step toward majority rule." the Department of Energy or any other gov­ As for granting the whites, who represent 3 Most impressive was the report of a nine­ ernment bureaucracy, the authority to buy percent of the 6.7 million population, 28 per­ man observer delegation from the New York­ and sell imported oil. The corporation's only cent of the parliamentary seats, my good based liberal human rights organization, function and mandate is to purchase and friend Sen. S. I. Hayakawa of California sent Freedom House, which said that despite some resell imported oil, at the amount Americans me an interesting message. shortcomings, "Rhodesia never had so inclu­ need and at the price they can afford. This is "Although the new constitution of Rho­ sive and free an election," adding "elections a vital function since imported oil presently desia is criticized as an imperfect document, in most underdeveloped countries are less represents 44 percent of domestic use, its I think it is important to point out the free." A member of the delegation, black price tag in 1978 was $43 billion and is pro­ following," he said. civil rights activist Bayard Rustin, said he jected in 1979 to rise to around $55 billion. "When Kenya gained its independence, the intended to go to Carter and Congress to do While the legislation provides for a high de­ whites, representing 4 percent of the popu­ -what he could "to bring about a change in gree Of independence of the corporation lation, were given 30 percent of the seats in policy." from polltlcal a.nd oil corporation pressures, the parllament. When Tanzania became in­ Africa's black rulers and the two guerrilla and provides the necessary resources to cl.ependent, the whites-one percent of the leaders will undoubtedly denounce the elec­ maintain the highest-quality staff, both its population-received 30 percent of the seats. tions as fraudulent. They will point to the mandate and the law governing it will pre­ In Zambia, the very small white minority c.b.arge of the Rev. Ndabaningi Sithole, the vent any tendencies toward expansion. In got 15 out of 30 seats, or 50 percent. badly defeated rival of Muzorewa for the addition, the law provides that members of "Our own Constitution was imperfect at post of the country's first black prime minis· the corporation's board of directors are sub­ the beginning. It denied the vote to blacks, ter, that the elections were marked by "gross ject to removal, according to specified cri­ women and the poor who owned no property. irregular! ties." teria, so that there is an additional public "If Rhodesia's white minority and the No doubt there were irregularities. We constraint on its conduct, should that be majority of its black population are content have had plenty of them in the United May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10165 States, too. Jerry Ford might stm be presi­ Education, is a modernday Bastiat. I Cloth, Lead, Tin, Iron, Fish and other native dent today if he had allowed the New York would like to call this article to my col­ commodities, we doe yearly export the over­ Republican Party to pursue charges that leagues' attention. It contains much that surplus to forraign Countreys to the value of crooked votes were cast or counted for twenty two hundred thousand pounds, by Jimmy Carter in that state. John F . Kennedy we need to ponder. which means we are enabled beyond the Seas may have been president only because Rich­ The article follows: to buy and bring in forraign wares for our ard Nixon refused to let Illinois Republicans Is THERE AN UNFAVORABLE B ALANCE OF TRADE? use and Consumptions, to the value of challenge the presidential votes in Chicago. (By Lawrence W. Reed) twenty hundred thousand pounds; By this So if we have election irregularities in this order duly kept in our trading, we may rest country, can one expect perfection in the Economists who believe in the market assured that the Kingdom shall be enriched first black election in a country where most economy seldom have kind words for the yearly two hundred thousand pounds, which of the voters were illiterate and super­ ideas of the late John Maynard Keynes, and must be brought to us in so much Treasure, stitiously bound to tribal chiefs? understandably so. Keynes, who did so much because that part of stock which is not re­ The important thing is that a large ma­ to make inflation a popular policy worldwide, turned to us in wares must necessarily be jority of Rhodesia's black people demon­ was no friend of the free market. Scattered brought home in treasure .... strated, as Bishop Muzorewa said, "for the here and there in his voluminous writings, Mun and the mercantilists believed that ballot and not the bullet to determine their however, are passages with which free mar­ a nat ion must never buy from foreigners ket advocates can wholeheartedly agree. This future." more t han it sells to them. If such an '·un­ This outcome, as confirmed by the foreign one in particular deserves to be carved in favorable" balance occurred, the nation had observers, is very gratifying to me because I stone and enshrined forever. t o pay the difference in gold, the interna­ was favorably impressed by Ian Smith and The ideas of the economists and political tionally-accepted medium of payment. To the moderate black leaders during my visits philosophers, both when they are right and prevent that, the government was supposed to Salisbury, first in November 1976, and when they are wrong, are more powerful to actively promote an excess of exports over again in February last year. My talks with than is commonly understood. Indeed t he imports. Mercantilists were so convinced that all of them left me convinced they were world is ruled by little else. Practical men, specie itself constituted the wealth of the striving to achieve a peaceful, sensible settle­ who believe theiDEelves to be quite exempt nation that they closed their borders to trade ment of the racial problem in that country, from any intellectual influences, are usually and oft en waged war in order to protect and and one that would not result in the eco­ the slaves of some defunct economist. Mad­ accumulate vast supplies of gold. That a na­ nomic disaster that occurred in several men in authority, who hear voices in the air, tion should strive for a "favorable" balance neighboring African countries from which are distilling their frenzy from some aca­ of trade (more exports than imports) is the the whites were driven out. demic scribbler of a few years back. economic heritage of the sixteenth, seven­ It led me to deplore the Carter adminis­ Today it seems that defunct economists teenth, and eighteenth centuries. tration's alignment with the British Socialist and academic scribblers are making a dra­ Mercantilist reasoning did not die with government's refusal to support the Salis­ matic comeback. Economics has become bur­ the mercantil1sts, however. Already, demands bury settlement. I completely endorse Prime dened with foolish notions that were once are increasing for restricting imports to re­ Minister Smith's words, as expressed in the thought to be discredited. Some of these dress our "imbalance." Japan is singled out following remarks: notions are put forward as if they are imag­ for particular scorn. Each month that gov­ "Is it not an incredible story when one inative, new discoveries; too many are ernment statistics indicate an "unfavorable" realizes that at long last the Rhodesians designed to turn the clock back to the days balance seems to push America closer to a have accepted a thing which American and before free trade unleashed the creative en­ nee-mercantilist policy of protectioniSm and British governments have been asking us to ergies which have built the prosperit y of trade wars. Western civilization. accept for years-this magic thing called ADAM SMITH AND BASTIAT majority rule-that they would not give us TWIN OBSTRUCTIONS It was Adam Smith who first attacked the their support in order to implement and A leading illustration of this point in­ bring into our country the type of govern­ the notion that exports are good and im­ volves the twin concepts of "balance of trade" ports are bad. He postulated a "harmony of ment based on one man, one vote, and free and "balance of payments." These two con­ democracy. Moreover, one which would be interests" in trade, by which both parties to cepts, which sound innocuous in name, oft en an exchange benefit. With the exception of oriented towards a free world. form the basis for erecting barriers to for­ "No, they choose to support the Russians obvious fraudulent practices, which are min­ eign goods. With the demand for "prot ec­ imal in number and a responsibility of the and the Cubans and the Patriotic Front, the tionist" legislation on the rise throughout people who intend to see if they can't take courts, there can be nothing "unfavorable" the world, we can expect to hear more about about voluntary trade from the point of Rhodesia through the barrel of a gun; people them in coming months. who do not believe in the democratic system view of the individuals doing the trading, for the obvious reason that they know they How are these terms defined? The "balance otherwise those individuals would not have would lose out. of trade" is considered to be the difference engaged in it. "Surely this is one of the most incredible between the money value of a country's mer­ This principle is readily visible when trade stories that will ever be recorded in the his­ chandise exports. The "balance of payments" involves two parties within a country; it tory of the free world." e is regarded as a broader measure of eco­ somehow becomes confused if an invisible nomic activities between nations because it political barrier separates the two. Introduce includes merchandise and such "invisible" more than one currency and the principle ·imports and exports as credit transactions becomes all but totally obscured in the wel­ and government payments abroad (for for­ ter of economic fallacy. Mercant ilists of yes­ BALANCE OF TRADE eign aid or to support military forces, for teryear and like-minded economists of today example). face an impossible dilemma posed by this The definitions are not as important, question: Since each and every trade is HON. RON PAUL though, as the actual purpose behind them. "favorable" to the individual traders, how is OF TEXAS Both "balance of trade" and "balance of pay­ it possible that these transactions can be ments" concepts attempt to fracture the t otalled up to produce something "unfavor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES process we know as "trade" so that the re­ able"? Monday, May 7, 1979 sulting fragments can be designated either Frederic Bastiat, the nineteenth-century "good" or "bad." In this way, "trade" is French economist and philosopher who ex­ • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, we hear a lot deemed to be "good" if it meets certain sta­ ploded myths with stunning clarity, once of nonsense these days about the unfa­ tistical criteria and "bad" if it does not. Such addressed himself to this very point. His vorable balance of trade, and what we value judgments, moreover, are reached in­ analysis remains to this day one of the best should do about it. dependently of the individuals who are do· critiques of the "unfavorable balance" con­ Some are even suggesting the kind of ing the actual trading. cept: M.T . dispatched a ship from Le Havre to tariffs and protectionist legislation that THE MERCANTILISTS the United States, with a cargo of French helped bring on the world depression in The first economists to develop this analy­ goods, chiefly those known as specialties of 1929. sis of trade were the mercantilists, so it is Parisian fashion, totalling 200,000 francs. Frederic Bastiat, the great French certainly not new with today's theoreticians. This was the amount declared at the custom­ economist, refuted over a hundred years Thomas Mun, a leading mercantilist scholar house. When the cargo arrived in New Or­ ago many of the economic fables we hear of the seventeenth century, argued that leans, it had to pay a shipping charge of ten England would prosper in foreign trade if today. He is heavily quoted in a fine per cent and a tariff of thirty per cent, which only she would strive for a "favorable" bal­ article on this subject, by Lawrence W. brought the total to 280,000 francs. It was ance: sold at a profit of twenty per cent, or 40,000 Reed, that appeared in the Freeman, a The ordinary means, therefore, to increase francs, for a total price of 320,000 francs, magazine edited by D r. Paul Poirot and our wealth and treasure is by Forraign which the consignee converted into cotton. published by Mr. Leonard Read. Dr. Poi­ Trade wherein we must ever observe this This cotton had to pay ten per cent more, rot is a fine economist and writer him­ rule; to sell more to strangers yearly than we for transportation, insurance, commissions, self, and Mr. Read, founder and presi­ consume of theirs in value. For suppose that et c. ; so that, when the cargo arrived at Le dent of the Foundation for Economic when this Kingdom is plentifully served wfth Havre, its cost amounted to 352,000 francs, 10166 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 and that was the figure entered into the The mercantilists, we have noted, viewed Since the new "Breaux-Dingell" version accounts of the customhouse. Finally, M.T. the export of money and bullion as in­ would place a large amount of Alaska lands again realized, on this return trip, twenty herently evil. Exports were to be encouraged into the refuge system, thereby permitting per cent profit, or 70,400 francs; in other and imports discouraged by means of tariffs more fishing, hunting and trapping, I favor words, the cotton sold for 422,400 francs. and quotas in order for money to be "kept this latest version over the previous amend­ If M. Lestiboudois requires it, I shall send in" the country. Simllar cries are heard to­ ments. him some figures taken from the books of day. Many economists and government I have voiced my concern over the past M.T. There he will see, in the credit column officials view With alarm any net outflow of few years of the gradual encroachment by of the profit-and-loss account--that is to money to foreigners. the federal government into the states' say, as profit-two entries, one for 40,000 In the context of individuals engaged in right to manage resident species of Wildlife. francs and the other for 70,400 francs; and free trade, such alarm is misplaced if d irected The Breaux-Dingell proposal seems to give M.T. is fully satisfied that in this respect his at the market. Often a net outflow of funds greater recognition to Alaska officials for the accounting is not in error. is a symptom of the government's own policy management of resident fish and wildlife spe­ And yet, what do the figures in the account of inflation which erodes public confidence cies. It also provides a degree of land protec­ books of the customhouse tell M. Lestibou­ in the dollar. Professor Ludwig von Mises be­ tion along with the balanced use of lands. dois regarding this transaction? They tell lieved that in any case, this occurrence .. . Your support of the Breaux-Dingell ver­ him that France has exported 200,000 francs, is not the product of an unhappy concatena­ sion of H.R. 39 will be appreciated. and that it has imported 352,000 francs; tion of circumstances that befalls a nation Sincerely, whence the honorable deputy concludes like an act of God. It is the result of the DAN E. GANTNER, "that it has consumed and dissipated the fact that the residents of the country con­ Chief, Division of Wildlife Resources. proceeds of previous savings, that it has cerned are intent upon reducing the amount impoverished and is on the way to ruining of money held and upon buying goods in­ OHIO DEPARTMENT itself, that it has given away 152,000 francs stead. OF NATURAL RESOURCES, of its capital to foreigners." Furthermore, Mises contended, it is not Columbus, Ohio, April 27, 1979. Some time afterward, M.T. despatched an­ correct to assume that government must NoTE: This letter was sent to the Ohio Con­ other ship with a similar cargo, worth 200,000 take measures to prevent a total loss of the gressional Delegation. francs, of products of our domestic industry. nations money by such an "unfavorable bal­ In regard to H.R. 39, I strongly urge that But the unfortunate vessel sank while leav­ ance." Quoting from Professor Mises again: you support the Breaux-Dlngell version. This ing the harbor, and there was nothing else No government interference is needed to version of the bill provides appropriate pro­ for M.T. to do but to inscribe in his books prevent the residents of New York from tection while giving rightful authority to the two brief entries phrased thus: spending all their money in dealings with State of Alaska to manage resident fish and Sundry goods due to X: 200,000 francs for the other forty-nine states of the Union. As wildlife resources. Other versions of the bill the purchase of various commodities carried long as any American attaches any weight dilute the authority of the state to properly by ship N. to the keeping of cash, he will spontaneously manage its resources. Profits and losses due to sundry goods: take charge of the matter ... But if no Although this version has been labeled ex­ 200,000 francs for ultimate total loss of the American were interested in keeping any ploltive because it will permit mineral ex­ cargo. cash holding, no government measure con­ traction on wildlife refuges, there is a re­ Meanwhile, the customhouse on its part cerning foreign trade and the settlement of quirement that such uses must first be de­ was entering 200,000 francs into its export international payments could prevent an termined compatible by the Secretary of the ledger; and as it will never have anything to outflow of America's total monetary stock. Interior. This is a sufficient safeguard and is enter into the opposite import ledger on this Keynes was correct when he said that certainly better than a lockout followed by ideas, right or wrong, rule the world. The a. break-in. account, it follows that M. Lestiboudois and Sincerely, the Chamber will view this shipwreck as a unique concern over the "balance of trade" ROBERT W. TEATER, Director. clear net profit of 200,000 francs for France. and the "balance of payments" will quite There is still a further conclusion to be probably produce wider restrictions on inter­ national trade. If that occurs, our govern­ SENT BY VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND drawn from all this, namely, that, according GAME to the theory of the balance of trade, France ment's policy-makers wm be treading blindly has a quite simple means of doubling her in the footsteps of the defunct economists APRIL 24, 1979. capital at any moment. It suffices merely to and academic scribblers of mercant111st Congressman JAMES JEFFoRDs, pass its products through the customhouse, times.e Longworth Building, and then throw them into the sea. In that Washington, D.C. case the exports will equal the amount of her DEAR JIM: House of Representatives Bill, capital; imports will be nonexistent and even ALASKA LANDS H.R. 39, is the Alaska Lands Blll which will impossible, and we shall gain all that the determine the fate of the federal lands in ocean has swallowed up. Alaska. In May 1979, I understand that the In a parting shot, Bastiat again applies House Rules Committee will be discussing reductio ad absurdum logic to the argument. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL H.R. 39 to resolve a jurisdictional question, He declares: OF MICHIGAN and sometime after that it Will be brought to the floor and will be geting the House's full Assume, if it amuses you, that foreigners IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flood our shores with all kinds of useful attention. goods, without asking anything from us; Monday, May 7, 1979 There are several versions of the Alaska Lands Bill (Udall, Huckaby and the Breaux­ even if our imports are infinite and our ex­ • Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the House ports nothing, I defy you to prove to me that Dingell versions), and of these I prefer the of Representatives will soon consider latter. The Breaux-Dingell version is also we should be the poorer for it. various bills relating to the disposition known as the "Exploiters Bill" because of its A TWO-WAY STREET of Alaska lands. This legislation has re­ provision that would allow mineral explora­ It ought to be obvious that trade is a ceived widespread support from various tion and development on the refuge system two-way street. In a free market, where State natural resource agencies. In fact, lands that form a substantial portion of these trade is a voluntary, desired, and spon­ public lands. There are also requirements taneous feature of human action, there is the International Association of Fish that such uses be compatible with the ref­ a "perfect balance." Professor W. M. Curtiss and Wildlife Agencies-representing all uge's primary purpose, and I have confidence demonstrated that trade between people of fish and game agencies of the 50 States­ in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that different nations is no different in this re­ has endorsed the legislation. I am insert­ such safeguards will be obeyed. From a prac­ spect from trade beween people of the same ing into the RECORD a few examoles of in­ tical point of view, as well, to me it makes nation: dividual State endorsements from these more sense that oil and other important raw Suppose you sell a bushel of apples for agencies. materials not be "locked up" and unavailable two dollars. You get two dollars, which you to the U.S., particularly during these times would rather have than the apples; the STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA, of actual and potential shortages in many DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, buyer gets the apples, which he would rather areas. have than the two dollars. A perfect Charleston, April 18, 1979. Placing more of the"e Alaska federal lands balance! Eon. NICK JoE R<\HALL II. in t he refuge system as the B-D version does U.S. House of Representatives, True enough, our exporters may sell goods still makes them available for hunting, fish­ to English buyers and get sterling exchange. Cannon HCiuse Office Building, ing and trapping rather than excluding these They may spend this money in France or Washington, D .C . activities if the lands were all placed in the Germany rather than in England, so that DEAR CONGRESSMAN RAHALL; I have written national park system. the flow of goods is not directly between to you previously regarding my concern over One of the problems with other versions of England and America. But the same might the Alaska Land Bill, H.R. 39, and amend­ H .R. 39 has been that states' rightc; have been be true in the trade of apples for dollars. ments pertaining to this legislat ion. It is my threatened. The B-D version les"ens this con­ With your two dollars, you probably wlll understanding that a new version of H.R. 39 cern in Section 1108, and work is still buy something from a third party rather is now being reviewed and, although not underway to minimize obscure and; or am­ than from the man who bought your apples. perfect, is the best of the options to date. biguous phrases in the Bill's wording. May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10167 There are some aspects of the B-D version to two key provisions of the Breaux-Dingell terizes his writing on this subject, as it that will be difficult to accomplish. One of version. The most important and valuable does in virtually all of his other essays these, in Section 303, requires that the U.S. aspect of this version is that it at least on matters weighty with the tragic ex­ Fish and Wildlife Service complete all of its recognizes, to some extent, the State of general management plans for the refuge Alaska's authority for management of fish ception of preborn human life. He says, areas within seven years after passage. Not and resident wildlife. Apart from the philo­ at last, that the matter came down to only is such a time frame impossible to meet. sophical aspects regarding states' rights in this: Our survival. Nothing else matters {there are 88 million acres involved com­ such matters, no federal agency can ap­ so much. The SALT process, the giddy pared to Vermont's six million), there is no proach the biological and technical exper­ camaraderie that follows from an agree­ similar requirement placed on the National tise of the State of Alaska's Department of ment on this or that particular item in a Park Service or the U.S. Forest Service for Fish and Game. It would be a serious mis­ treaty, the sense of having "accomplished their lands. take 1n our view if this recognition were not something" in international politics-all I have no copy of the B111 to send as I un­ a significant part of the Alaska Lands Bill. of this-pales to insignificance compared derstand it is 281 pages in length. I have been Our second reason for a basic support of working from a "Summary" which I have the Breaux-Dingell bill is the provision for with the goal of survival-the physical enclosed. preliminary biological investigations on wild­ and moral, and cultw·al continuity of the I hope that you w111 find the B-D version life before any portion of the Arctic National United States and of the West itself. On of H.R. 39 a reasonable one that you can lend Wildlife Range could be opened for oil e>:­ that basis, survival, he rejects the pro­ your support to. Please contact me if I or my ploration and development. Considering the posed SALT II Treaty. staff can answer any questions. current situation with petroleum in the There is nothing more false than the EDWARD F. KEHOE, United States, it is obvious to us that there Com missioner. will be oil exploration and development accusation that opponents of the SALT wherever oil is suspected to occur. The pro­ II agreement are insensitive to the costs, SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF psychological and otherwise, of the arms GAME, FISH AND PARKS, DIVISION visions of this bill recognize that fact, but OF ADMINISTRATION, st ipulate such activity may begin only after race. There is nothing more callous or Pierre, S.D., April 27, 1979. studies on ways to minimize adverse impacts more fundamentally unfair than to dis­ Hon. LARRY PRESSLER, on wildlife have been completed. miss opponents of SALT II as somehow U.S. Senate, Regardless of the final form of H .R. 39, we or other insensitive to the horrors of nu­ Washington, D.C. trust and hope that Congress gives due con­ clear war. To the contrary, those of us DEAR SENATOR PRESSLER: The South Dakota sideration to the interests and needs of who are less than enthusiastic over SALT Game Fish and Parks Commission urges Alaska citizens. They, after all, are the ones II are guided by a love for our Nation your ~upport of the "Breaux-Dingell" version who will be most affected by any Alaska lands and a fear for her safety and the safety of Alaska Lands Blll, H.R. 39. We view this legislation. version of Alaska Lands Blll as being the Sincerely, of the countless millions of men, women, best solution offered to date to assure states COL . ROBERT M. BRANTLY, and children who depend upon the strong rights and the rights to hunting, fishing and l:xecu tive Director ·• defense arm of our Republic. trapping on public land. The Breaux-Dingell Mr. Speaker, there is nothing so pa­ version provides protection with balanced thetic as the cries of men and women use for more land and gives greater recogni­ who plead for peace and, then, who are tion to the authorities of the State of SALT AND THE NATION'S SAFETY self-satisfied with the simple fact that Alaska for management of fish and resident wildlife than does the "Udall" or "Huckaby" they have done the pleading. Pleading versions of H.R. 39. HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN alone does not bring the peace. The wish More land is proposed for refuges and for peace does not ensure its achieve­ less land is pronosed for parks and preserves OF CALIFORNIA ment. Peace, to be sure, issues forth from in the Breaux-Dingell version. Also, the blll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES good will, good faith, a desire to end hos­ allows for some oil exploration and develop­ Monday, May 7, 1979 tilities and establish a relationship of ment along the northern edge of the Arctic justice and mutual security among na­ Wildlife Range, only after wildlife studies o Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, there is a tions; but it must also be founded on a are completed. This version provides for the newspaper column with clear, crisp, stable balance of power, the material wisest use of renewable resources and good strong, and logical prose which, I am stewardship of energy resources. ability to deter aggression when good sure, my colleagues find regularly capti­ will-or good faith-fails. How true it is, This Commission reaffirms the states It sovereign rights to manage and protect the vating. flows from the pen of Mr. Mr. Speaker, that the path to hell is fish and resident wildlife occupying all lands James Jackson Kilpatrick, one of our paved with good intentions. We can be found within their borders. The Alaska Nation's most gifted commentators on sure that the United States will be led Department of Game and Fish has a fine rec­ our public scene. The subject of his most down that path if we carry with us noth­ ord of confident ly and competently perform­ recent article is about hell, hell on ing more than good intentions. ing their responsibilities and has provided Earth, the raging inferno of thermonu­ outstanding recreation to sportsmen of clear combat which has threatened us The article follows: other states, including South Dakota. Please since that fateful 6th day of August of SALT II Is No SALVATION support their viewpoints and our own state's 1945. (By James J. Kilpatrick} interest to best manage wildlife on public Mr. Kilpatrick observes, in the course I work out of an office near my home in lands. the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. On a Your immediate attention to this matter of his essay, that the language of mass killing has become highly technical, al­ quiet spring afternoon, the countryside pro­ will be greatly appreciated. vides one of the loveliest, most peaceful Sincerely, most anesthetic in tone. We all know vistas in the world. With the dogwood and HARVEY THAYER, why, of course, because it is unlikely that redbud in blossom, the hills are nursery Chairman, we could even carry on an intelligent or Game, Fish and Parks Commission. white and pink. Overhead an April regatta rational discussion on the subject of of clouds is tacking by. On this particular thermonuclear war if we couched the afternoon my desk is piled high with mate­ SENT BY FLORIDA GAME AND FRESH WATER discourse in nontechnical terms. Some­ rial on the Strategic Arins Limitation Treaty FISH COMMISSION how, the jargon of modern defense and talks. I am reading a back issue of Strategic APRIL 20, 1979. weapons technology enables us to speak Review about the Trident I (C-4}. Hon. CLAUDE PEPPER, "It is primarily a candidate for expedient U.S. House of Representatives, with some precision about the potential of our nuclear arsenal and the conse­ deployment in a multiple aim p~int bas­ Rayburn House Office Building, ing mode as an interim system pnor to an Washington, D.C. quences of nuclear exchange; but we MV or other advanced missile deployment," DEAR REPRESENTATIVE PEPPER : We have had should never, in discussing the subject, says one article. an opportunity· to review the latest version Kilpatrick reminds us, forget exactly of the Alaska Lands Bill, H.R. 39, and would Next I read an essay by Eugene V. Rostow, what we are talking about: hell. He re­ "The Case Against SALT II." like to offer the following comments for your minds us that the theoretical abstrac­ consideration. "The United States has tested 3 RVs on We urge your support for the Breaux-Din­ tions can clutter sound observation, Minuteman III, and the Soviet Union has gell version of H .R . 39. It is not totally sat­ much as the consequences of a failure to tested 4 RVs on the 88- 17, 6 RVs on the isfactory from a state's perspective, yet this maintain the peace boggle the imagina- 88-19, and 10 RVs on the 88-18." bill is far superior in our opinion to the tion. The thick folder bulges with statements previous versions. Mr. Kilpatrick's appeal is, at bottom, by Paul H . Nitze in opposition to the pend­ Our basis for urging your support is tied an appeal to commonsense. It charac- ing treaty and with statements by Paul 10168 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 Warnke in support of the treaty. Here is a tack, trapped in subway shelters, dare not And the ink was not dry on the Helsinki graph depicting "Time Urgent Counter Mil­ come to the surface. Over battery-operated accord before the Soviet Union tram.pled itary and Soft Target Destruction Poten­ radios they hear of identical devastation in this pretty fiower to bits. If the Soviets tial." From this it appears that by 1985 the Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Hamp­ disdain so innocuous a treaty. why should Soviet Union will have a ten-to-one advan­ ton Roads, Miami, Houston, Chicago, the we suppose they would honor a treaty in­ tage in total ICBMS and SLBMs. Another West Coast. The dead cannot be buried; the volving survival itself? The question an­ study puts the Soviet advantage at no more injured cannot be treated. None of the sys­ swers itself, and it is almost immaterial that than six to one by 1985, but this "major tems we take for granted-the systems that as far as our government has advised us, disparity in first-strike capability" obviously deliver food, fuel, medicines, drugs, retail the Soviets have not violated SALT I. Con­ works in favor of the Soviets. "President goods--none of these is working. sidering their prodigious gains in strategic Ford's policy of deploying a large throw­ In Mr. Brown's little drama, the buildup weaponry, one perceives no reason for the weight missile with 10 RVs in a survivable of tensions has proceeded slowly. Doubtless, Soviets to have done otherwise. But the basing mode beginning in 1983 would have it would happen this way. Even so, the re­ danger in placing our reliance upon SALT significantly reduced this disparity." moval of millions of people from city to II is not so much that the Soviets will It is no use. The jargon of strategic ex­ countryside presents problems that scarcely violate the provisions; the danger is that perts long ago became incomprehensible to can be grasped. How are these migrant fam­ the Soviets will abide scrupulously by them. me and, I am certain, to most of the U.S. ilies to be fed and housed? How are they to In either event-soviet perfidy or Soviet Senate. This is not because the vocabulary be employed and compensated? What be­ fidelity-the peril is the same: This treaty is intrinsically difficult or because the par­ comes of the banking system? How is gas­ would lock the United States into an in­ ticular weapons, once described, cannot be oline to be refined and distributed? Who ferior position. We would have forfeited our envisioned. It is because we are dealing with fixes priorities on restoring essential services? independent, unfettered judgment of what a prospect that the mind rejects as surely What of governments, elections, public of­ is best for us. as the body rejects alien tissue. The pros­ fices, the repair of highways, the remaking of It seems to me that Mr. Carter, or who­ pect is the virtual annihilation of civiliza­ public records, the maintenance of law and ever succeeds him in the White House, can­ tion, death and destruction beyond our order? not prudently be bound by the numbers imagination. At the first blinding glimpse Almost no one thinks upon these things and kinds of weapons that would be fixed into the abyss of thermonuclear warfare, we any longer in the United States. There was by the pending treaty. What does it mean recoil in disbelief and horror. How much a time when we heard much talk of fallout that we could have 2,250 intercontinental better it is to discourse on MIRVs. RVs, shelters and stockpiles of food. We had civil ballistic launchers? Suppose 1,500 are throw-weights, and basing modes. What in defense drills, tests of local sirens. All of enough? Or only 500? Or suppose the per­ the hell are we talking about? More to the that has gone by the board. Except for an oc­ missible number, in our own self-interest. point, what is the hell we are talking about? casional test of emergency equipment by a ought to be doubled? If the best judgment These questions, it seems to me, have got­ radio station, no reminders remain of the of professional military leaders calls for a ten altogether lost as the debate over SALT fears that once aroused public apprehension. B-1 bomber, a cruise missile, or some other II gains momentum. We are so mesmerized President Carter has created a new Fed­ weapon not yet perfected, a president should by tables and charts and comparative tab­ eral Emergency Management Agency to take be free to do what he thinks best, asking ulations that the figures have ceased to over "the functions of two former agencies; it not the consent of Moscow but only the have meaning. The treaty debates promise will have 1,458 employees and a $129 million consent of Capitol Hill. little more than an exercise in counting budget, mainly channeled into matching grants to the states. The Soviet Union, we I cannot imagine a nuclear war that trees; we will seldom see the forests. It is as would lay waste these green mountains, it the senators were actuaries, calculating hear, takes civil defense seriously. Until the Harrisburg incident toward the end of annihilate our people, imperil mankind it­ death by auto accident in 1981; they do not self. If I were convinced a SALT II treaty hear the shattering glass, the breaking bones, March, when many people suddenly devel­ oped an awareness of radioactivity, the pros­ wou'ld protect our security, I would be the cries of pain. The whole idea of a treaty beating tom-toms for it. But the treaty on arms limitation is to render nuclear war pect of evacuation to avoid atomic hazard seldom had occurred to anyone. strikes me as a delusion and a trap. I would between the United States and the Soviet rather see our country go its own way, walk­ Union unthinkable. We ought to think upon Very well. The scenario could be vividly, brutally expanded. The point is that some ing softly, and carrying a stick as big as we these things, and having thought, inquire think that stick should be.e if the treaty wlll make matters better or such degree of bloody chaos lies behind the worse. enameled surface of the Senate debate. This Not long back I asked the Defense Civil is what the treaty is intended to prevent. Preparedness Agency, a part of the Defenc;e Will the treaty work toward that end? Will Department, to send me a ·little background the United States be more secure with the VOLUNTARISM AND THE PUBLIC material on what nuclear war is all about. treaty than without it? Should the instru­ GOOD Among the publications that turned up was ment be ratified? futuristic scenario written in 1976, hypothe­ To these rhetorical questions my own an­ sizing nuclear war in 1979. The author, Wil­ swer is no. If I were sitting in the Senate, HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL liam M. Brown. imagined that Syria and I would vote not to ratify the treaty. OF ILLINOIS When it comes to their own survival, and Egypt had Joined forces to make war on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Israel, the Soviet Union, by way of diversion, that is precisely what we are discussing, na­ had closed the autobahn to Wec;t Berlin. Late tions must be free to act upon their own Monday, May 7, 1979 in June, Soviet and NATO tanks engage in volition. They cannot wait upon the meeting battle; hostllities escalate until tactical nu­ of a committee or the interpretation of a • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, there clear wea-oons are de-oloyed in Europe. On clause. comes a time when some basic societal August 23, the United Statec; launches Po­ The United States tends to take treaties concepts have to be reexamined. The laris missiles against tt>e Soviet Union. On seriously. Under the Constitution, treaties time has come in our society for the re­ August 26, the Sdviet Union responds with a constitute a part of the supreme law of the examination of the concept of volun­ nuclear attack on certain unidentified U.S. land. Except for the 19th-century treaties tarism. with Indian tribes, which we dishonored, to cities. For too long we have taken voluntar­ What are we talking about? Mr. Brown, our shame, the United States has met its the contriver of this fantasy, kept his imag­ treaty obligations. We would live up to ism for granted. Ever since the creation ination under iron control. He supposed that SALT II. Ours is a relatively open society; of our Nation the desire of Americans most cities had managed an orderly evacua­ it would be impossible for a president and a to perform needed tasks by themselves tion to the countryside-a considerable feat congress to violate the treaty terms sig­ or through voluntary association with of imagination in itself-but that 12 million nificantly. neighbors and like-minded individuals people had refused to leave their homes. It is nonsense-dangerous, puerile non­ has been an accepted part of our na­ sense-to suppose that the Soviet Union These 12 mlllion die in the first barrage of tional life. nuclear explosives. Within 30 days, another would regard an arms limitation treaty as 12 mlllion die, and 16 milllon suffer severe anything more than a cynical scrap of paper. We praise the spirit of voluntarism. We injuries. Mind you, this is the brightest. most In the folder on my desk is the text of the support, either through donations or cheerful scenario that Mr. Brown could put Helsinki Declaration of August 1, 1975. What service, thousands of different organiza­ together; most of his people escaped. a beautiful thing it was! It committed the tions that provide necessary services Let us contemplate the scene more closely. signatory states to the most marvelous outside the framework of Government. The thermonuclear bombs that hit New York goals-to "respect for human rights and And yet it is clear that we are reaching City turn Manhattan into an inferno of fundamental freedoms," to "equal rights charred bodies and crumbling buildings. No and self-determination of peoples," to the a stage of crisis in the voluntary area of bridges or tunnels remain in operation. Elec­ "reunification of families," to freedom of our national life. High taxes, inflation tric power has disappeared. Water and sewer travel, freedom of information, to the right and ever-increasing Government en­ mains have ruptured. Survivors of the at- of nationals of different states to marry. croachment have crippled many volun- May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10169 tary efforts. We have seen the tragic leans, through our history, have been able the moods and desires of the people and to transformation of the ACTION agency, to achieve what we have achieved and to de­ find workable ways to carry out their wishes. scribe what our life is like today. Yet there The best of political leaders will of course which supposedly was created to serve as is one outstanding theme for our national help to shape the public will in constructive a means by which voluntarism could be experience, past and present, that defines us ways. Yet all of them are bound to be re­ used by Government to help the needy. as people: The United States, more than any sponsive to the urgent appeals of concerned, ACTION is now being used as a trans­ other country, is the land of private, volun­ informed, and determined citizens who are mission belt by which tax dollars are tary initiatives for the public good. willing to get out and work hard to put funnelled to social activist organizations That fact does not justify smugness, a across the ideas they believe to be for the headed by left-radicals. These organiza­ sense of superiority, or national self-right­ common good. Throughout our national his­ tions have programs that ostensibly help eousness, but it is part of our reality. When tory we have gone through one important we fell overwhelmed by our past collective change after another in which private-citi­ the needy, but which in reality exist only failures, or by the complexity of our current zen groups took the lead and the politicians to further the ideological ends of those problems, we should refiect on t he vast con­ followed. who have made a career out of using tax tributed services of many individual men and When Count Alexis de Tocqueville toured dollars to bring about such ideological women and the host of voluntary organiza­ various parts of America, including many goals as "the redistribution of wealth tions that again and again from our earliest frontier settlements, in the 1830s he was and power" and other left-radical days, have made a crucial dillerence in our struck by what he regarded as an unusual cliches of the 1960s. In short, the Gov­ common life. They have played vital roles in feature of American life. In Democracy in overcoming great and little evils, in taking America he wrote: ernment is being used to shape volun­ care of major and minor needs, and in serv­ "Americans of all ages, all stations in life, tarism to the desires of elitists who ing t he general good. Yet, for some strange and all types of disposition are forever form­ think they alone know what is best for reason, they are generally unsung heroes. We ing associations. There are not only commer­ America. commonly downplay or ignore the signifi­ cial and indust rial associations in which all The Government should serve not as cance of private voluntarism, and we tend to take part, but others of a thousand different a full time partner or a traffic-policeman exaggerate what governments have done or t ypes-religious, moral, serious, futile, very telling voluntary organizations what they can do to solve human problems and to ini­ general and very limited, immensely large tiate constructive change. and very minute. Americans combine to give may or may not do. It should, instead, do Government agencies, obviously, have enor­ fetes, found seminaries, build churches, dis­ all in its power to see that the voluntary mous power and infiuence and serve incalcu­ tribute books, and send missionaries to the sector of our society is free to operate lable human needs. Their proliferation and antipodes. Hospitals, prisons, and schools with sufficient private funding. No Gov­ growth over the past 50 years has, of course, take shape t hat way. Finally, if they want to ernment agency should abuse the volun­ been related to the failure or inability of pri­ proclaim a truth or propagate some feeling tary spirit. Government officials eager vate group and individual efforts to cope with by the encouragement of a great example, to exploit the legitimate needs of the many social problems. The record shows, how­ t hey form an association. In every case, at poor to gain political power, personal ever, that it has been enterprising private the head of any new undertaking, where in citizens and the voluntary efforts and organi­ France you would find the government or prestige, or tax dollars should not be al­ zations they inspired that have set in motion in England some territorial magnate, in the lowed to do so. most of the significant social changes in our United States you are sure to find an I recently read an excellent overview history. Civil servants carry out the policies association." of the spirit of voluntarism in our time. that are laid down for them by Congress and Private groups have not established any I commend it to your attention for it the state legislatures and city councils. Presi­ prisons lately, but they remain deeply in­ says quite a bit about where we are and dents, governors, and mayors have important volved in schools, colleges, and hospitals. At roles in proposing and carrying out govern­ present, we have in the United States about where we ought to be heading so far as mental policies. Those policies are often the 4,600 privately supported secondary schools, the Government relationship to the pri­ result of education and pressure. Private citi­ 1,500 independent and church-related col­ vate, voluntary sector is concerned. zens, through all kinds of groups large and leges and universities, 3,500 privately run At this time I wish to insert in the small, provide the education and the pres­ hospitals. Private donors contribute over $4 RECORD, "Voluntarism and the Public sure. That was true of William Lloyd Garri­ billion each year to the support of activities son, who in 1833 established the American in the health field. Of that amount, more Good," by Landrum R. Bolling, in the than three-fourths comes from individual Saturday Evening Post, May1 June 1979: Anti-Slavery Society, and of the many other individuals and organizations that kept up givers, while foundations contribute between VOLUNTARISM AND THE PuBLIC GooD the agitation until eventually a president was $400 million and $500 million. These sums (By Landrum R . Bolling) elected who was willing to issue an Eman­ may seem relatively small compared with the Question: What do the following people cipation Proclamation. It was also true o! federal government's annual health commit­ have · in common: Benjamin Franklin, Dr. Susan B. Anthony, who in 1869 helped to ment of more than $50 billion and the total Martin Luther King, Jr., Jane Addams, An­ found the National Woman Suffrage Associ­ outlay for health services of $160 billion drew Carnegie, Margaret Sanger, Ralph Na­ ation, and of that movement that finally won mostly covered by charges to patients. Yet, der, Rosie Greer, Oral Roberts, Jerry Lewis, for women the right to vote. the private gift dollars are still very impor­ and Father Theodore Hesburgh? . In more recent years, Dr. Martin Luther t ant for the nation's physical well-being. King, Jr., his Southern Christian Leadership They help to provide health care for the Answer: All have worked to serve the pub­ poor, including those who have no medical lic welfa,re through private, voluntary, non­ Conference, and other civil rights groups kept hammering away at the consciences of insurance or are ineligible for Medicaid and profit nongovernmental organizations. Medicare assistance. Private funds still cover Question: What do the following institu­ politicians and of the general public until they forced local, state, and federal govern­ a substantial portion of the costs of bio­ tions and organizations have in common: medical research. They are important to the Harvard, School of the Ozarks, the Gray Pan­ ments \o adopt and enforce laws that have produced a real revolution in the political, schools that train our doctors, dentists, thers, WGBH-TV, the Audubon Society, B'nai economic, and social treatment of blacks and nurses, and paramedics. They are vital in B'rith, Sacred Heart Hospital, the Indian­ other minorities. It was private, voluntary providing "venture capital" for experimental apolis Art Museum, the Fellowship of Chris­ initiative that got that enormous task done. approaches to broadening and improving the tian Athletes, Planned Parenthood, Meals on The Sierra Club, the Audubon Society, and quality of primary health care. Wheels, Las Casas de las Madres, the Girl the National Wildlife Federation are but a Education, like medical services, has for Scouts of America, and the Urban League? few of the national and local organizations most of our history been the responsibility of Answer: Each is classified by the Internal that have aroused the nation and set in mo­ private inst itutions. The earliest schools and Revenue Service as a not-for-profit, tax-ex­ tion a vast tidal wave of laws and regula­ colleges were created and operated by church empt "public charity" and depends upon pri­ tions to clean up and protect the environ­ bodies, and they were scattered across the vate gifts to perform its services. ment. Howard Jarvis and his private-citizen land with great enthusiasm, high idealism, Question: Of the various major humani­ colleagues produced, in 1978, a monumental and excessive optimism. Hundreds did not tarian and reform moyements listed below, turn-around on taxes in California through survive. Many became the nucleus around which ones were initiated by private, volun­ the Proposition 13 movement, setting off in which was built in time a state teachers tary organizations and supported by indi­ turn a nationwide rash of referenda, legis­ college or a state university. Despite the great vidual gifts and foundation grants: Abolition lative enactments, and political programs to growth of state educational institutions in of Slavery, Women's Rights, Prison Reform, pare the costs of government and reduce t he last 40 years, independent colleges and Conservation of Natural Resources, Popula­ taxes. universities still outnumber the four-year, tion Planning, Civil Rights for Blacks and The point of all this is not to suggest degree-granting state institutions, and still Other Minorities, Care for the Poor, the Con­ that politicians are lacking in imagination enroll about one-quarter of all undergraduate sumer Movement, the Fight Against World or sensitivity or courage; some are and some students, totaling close to two million Hunger? aren't. The real point is that in a demo­ students. Answer. All of them. cratic society political leadership tends to The Founding Fathers took it for granted There are many ways to explain how Amer- be expressed in terms of the ability to sense that private bodies, chiefiy churches, would 10170 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 carry the basic responsibility for schooling private gifts with tax dollars; that many actions may have on the flow of private the nation's young. Although the United governmental operations would not function gifts to finance public services and on the States eventually led the way in the develop­ very well without significant input from the willingness of individuals to volunteer their ment of public education, it was a long time private sector; that many "public" services time and money to meet public needs. in coming and its growth was initially slow. are in fact provided by private organiza­ The right of taxpayers to take charitable Throughout our history there has been a tions; that what have been traditionally deductions for their gifts to educational, re­ great blending of private moneys and tax called private organizations are sometimes ligious, scientific, and social welfare agencies funds in support of education. For the first intimately involved with and even finan­ has long been embedded in the federal tax hundred years of our existence as a nation cially dependent upon government agencies code. Thanks to that kind of incentive, bil­ most Americans simply would not have and government moneys; and that the role lions of dollars have been contributed over understood today's depth of feeling over such of volunteers is a huge and important one the year to educational, welfare. and arts presently controversial topics as prayer in throughout our society. It is all very untidy. programs and to private institutions that the schools or tax support for church-related This kind of situation helps to amaze and might otherwise have had to draw support educational institutions. Until well after the bewilder foreign observers who try to un­ from tax funds. Yet year after year the Civil War, state or local tax funds were often, derstand the American way of life. It is, whole concept of the charitable deduction is as a matter of course, used to provide at least also, to tell the truth, a bit confusing to subjected to attack. There is the argument partial support for parochial schools. Only some Americans, particularly those caught of the superpopulist who regards any incen­ with the rise of anti-Catholic campaigns by up in some kind of statist vision of the day tive for charitable giving as a nefarious tax the Know-Nothings and other groups which when governmental entities will take over "loophole" for the rich. There are the wishful promoted ethnic and religious tensions did the functions of most of these private insti­ theorists who argue that if all tax deductions state governments (including New York­ tutions and when, with enough staff and tax and credits could be eliminated-the political despite its substantial Catholic population) money, all human problems will be solved. possibility for which, they admit, is rather adopt a clear-cut policy denying tax support For all their historic roots and their continu­ remote-the tax rates would be reduced and for church-related schools. The policy, in ing vast strength, private, nongovernmental everybody would then give even more to turn, has been substantially modified in re­ initiatives are not universally admired and charity. And then there are the experts of cent years with the adoption, in New York trusted. the Treasury, whose primary job, of course, is and in a number of other states, of programs There are sincere Americans who honestly to maximize collections, reduce cheating, of annual scholarship assistance and other believe that government agencies can do most simplify the forms and the procedures, and types of grants for accredited independent things better, despite a lot of contrary evi­ who want to get virtually everybody to use and church-related colleges. Most states now dence. There are those who point to occa­ the so-called short form when they file the make available out of state funds aid for sional examples of bad management of pri­ annual tax return. That would clearly make qualified and needy residents who wish to vate organizations or misapplication of Treasury's job easier, and it would make attend independent and church-related in­ funds, and of course there are rotten apples things simpler for the taxpayer. Since 1970, stitutions within their home state. in these particular barrels, as well as in most year by year, Treasury regulations have The blurring of the lines between "prlva te" others. Then, too, from time to time, it be­ been modified and the "standard deduction" and "public" in the field of education has comes evident that some people simply look has been progressively increased, so that the taken many forms over the years. When a upon many philanthropic activities as the number of people who itemize their deduc­ village on the shore of Lake Erie (early games that rich people play, and feel all con­ tions has been reduced from roughly 50 per­ Cleveland) decided about 1820 to build a centrations of private wealth, even those cent of the taxpayers to around 15 percent. one-room school, there was no board of edu­ dedicated to the general good, should be A major result, according to some economists cation, no school budget, and only very lim­ broken up and taken over by government. and officials of the national United Way, has ited tax funds. The people of the community There are those who believe that any social been a drastic falling off in private contribu­ did what local citizens did in early settle­ need that individuals can't provide for them­ tions, particularly from taxpayers in the ments all across the land. They pitched in selves should be provided through govern­ $15,000 to $25,000 annual income brackets. on a volunteer basis, cut the timber, hauled ment channels. To deal with that problem, bipartisan and shaped the stones, and erected the The anti-philanthropy attitudes have by interest in both the House and the Senate led building virtually without monetary cost. now largely triumphed in many parts of the by Congressmen Barber Conable (R.-N.Y.) The total cash outlay was $26 for glass, world, including some of the democratic and Joseph Fisher (D.-Va.) and Senators nails, and hinges. In the construction of such countries of Western Europe. The New York Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D.-N.Y.) and schools nobody gave a thought as to whether Times made a survey of the subject in 1978 Robert Packwood (R.-Ore.), is building this was a public or a private project. It and reported that in countries like Sweden toward the enactment of a simple but im­ was often both. When people wanted a and France there is a widely held view that portant change in the tax code that will school, they either built one under the spon­ it is somehow indecent, if not immoral and give specific incentive for charitable giv­ sorship of a church, or, as a community, illegal, for a wealthy person to contribute ing for all taxpayers, regardless of their they made it a project of neighbors and of some major facility or service to his home bracket and whether they use the "short the local unit of government. They drew community. It is argued that if any social form" or not. It would simply allow every upon whatever resources of manpower and service, fac111ty, or cultural program is taxpayer to take a deduction for itemized money they could tap to get the job done. neede:i, it should be provided by the state charitable gifts. To this day, virtually every PTA in the through tax moneys. Even the king of Sweden This would provide firm and continuing land has its fund-raising projects to supple­ was publicly rebuked for his audacity in incentives for all taxpayers to give to charity, ment the school board's tax dollars and add offering to provide from his own pocket funds not just the vetry affluent who customarily use the long form and itemize everything. facilities and services to the public schools. to help carry out some worthy civic project. Practically every state university now has In the long run, the survival of various We have not come to that state of mind yet philanthropic endeavors, the continuation its semi-independent university foundation in the United States. However, it is clear that that seeks gifts and grants to augment the and strengthening of the whole system many people who proclaim their support of of private initiatives for the public good tax moneys voted by the state legislature. free enterprise and of a pluralistic society do Meanwhile, the Harvards and the Prince­ depends upon maintaining a broadly based not really understand how a pluralistic so­ participation in charitable giving. tons, the Oberlins and the Pomonas, though ciety works and how important are the varied independent of government control, work As Congressman Cona.ble has said, "We private initiatives for the public good. very much need to have a nationwide dia­ away diligently and successfully to secure We need to be making a fresh and search­ public funds for their students, their re­ logue on this issue of the survival of private ing examination of the whole broad role of and volunteer efforts to deal with our social search, and various phases of their educa­ voluntartism in American life, of the rela­ tional programs. Presbyterian Princeton, in­ needs and problems. We either believe in tionships between those initiatives and gov­ maintaining a vigorous voluntarism or we cidentally, almost 200 years ago, received ernmental activities, of the most appropri­ are wililng far the governmerut to take on what we might regard today as a rather ate policies to foster the right balance of more and more, at greater and greater costs. unusual form of government support. On private and public institutions and of how Everybody talks a great line about the values at least one occasion, the legislators of New best to serve the public good. For too long and virtues of the voluntary Third Sector. Jersey authorized a lottery, the net proceeds we have taken volunteer activities and or­ We need to find out if we mean it." of which would go for the benefit of Prince­ ganizations for granted. That seems like a fair challenge. We do ton. (Benjamin Franklin's print shop got All too often, particularly over the last need to talk through these issues a.s a people. the order to print the tickets.) 50 years, governmental bodies have gone we need to have our leaders in the Congress, The point of all this is not to suggest charging ahead in one field after another in the Executive Branch, and in the so-called that there is not significant difference be­ with scant regard for how those actions Private Sector put their minds on these tween a public and a private institution, may affect the public services already be­ questions. Out of a searching national ex­ nor to intimate tha"L all worthy causes ing provided by private institutions long amination we ought to try to arrive at some should draw tax support. But there is a at work in those areas. Public/private coop­ conscious consensus about the most suitable lesson here worth pondering. It is that in eration is frequently only a half-hearted policies concerning private initiatives for almost every phase of life in America there afterthought. Those who make and admin­ the public good. And if we are serious about is an intermingling of volunteer services and ister the tax laws at times pay almost no them, then we need to devise the moot the work of government-paid employees, of attention to the impact their policies and suitable policies to improve and strengthen May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10171 the workings of our privately financed volun­ kinds of social services-care of the aged, the give anything. On the other hand, a small band of concerned corporations are giving teer endeavors. handicapped, and little children-large Let me suggest a few interrelated proposi­ numbers of volunteers are needed. We are away the full allowable 5 percent of profits. tion that bear upon that discussion: not rich enough, and will never be rich Nobody, of course, knows what the poten­ In education, health care, social welfare enough, to hire enough government em­ tial for giving by the American people and activities, and the arts we do not and should ployees, operating under civil service rules, their business concerns may be. It is huge. not have to make either/ or choices between to perform all the human care services we But our giving will grow to meet the needs government-run and privately administered need. In fact, you simply can't hire on any only as we understand that those needs rep­ programs and institutions, between tax sup­ dependable basis the kind of loving tender resent opportunities for all of us to invest port and private gifts. They can operate side care t hat many volunteers will provide free. our money and ourselves in the strengthen­ by side. The competition, fairly carried on, Pri vate agencies can experi ment and make ing of our whole society and the preserva­ can stimulate better performance by both, mistakes more cheaply and learn lessons tion of our freedom. and that will benefit everybody. The gov­ more promptly than can government agen­ BEN FRANKLIN: PIONEER LEADER OF AMERICAN ernment does not have to take over all ci es i n the same field. In the natural sciences VOLUNTARISM privately run public services, and we would the experiments that fail are often just as Benjamin Franklin was a man of extraor­ be a poorer country if it did. important as the experiments that succeed. dinary talents, interests, and imagination. The United States has incomparably the In the social realm, we have a different at­ As every school child learns, he was printer, best higher education system in the world titude. Where government programs are con­ politician, scientist, writer, diplomat and for meeting the diverse needs of a highly cerned it is almost impossible to get anyone one of the wisest of the nation's founding heterogenous populaion. The dual private/ involved to admit that a failure has occurred fathers. He was also America's number one public nature of that system unquestionably or to abandon a project once undertaken, leader of private voluntary initiatives to has been responsible for much of the rich whatever the evidence of its lack of success. serve the public good. diversity of our educaional programs and Private initiatives are particularly use­ He organized the Pennsylvania hospital has contributed to improvement of teaching ful in trying out new ideas, some of which and secured private donations to support it. and learning through a variety of experimen­ will surely fail. The risks, monetarily and He established a fund to train apprentices. tation. politically, can be limited. Even where a pro­ He formed numerous community associa­ Likewise, in the health and social welfare gram may have to be run and financed by tions to provide, through private endeavor, fields there is much t o be gained by having government eventually, there may be great a wide range of municipal services: volun­ alternative ways of dealing with many of our advantage in using a private, limited-com­ teer fire fighters and other private associa­ needs and problems, instead of being mitment experiment as the guinea pig. tions to pave the streets, collect trash, and locked into some unitary system, whether For private, volunteer endeavors to main­ install outdoor lighting. Nothing was too run by the state or, for instance, by the tain their credibility they must have priv ate mundane to receive his attention as a tire­ churches. Untidy as it may be, there are financial backing i n adequate amounts; they less promoter of community improvement. also advantages in having tax moneys for a must genu inely draw upon volunteers. Pri­ At the same time, he had a major hand given social purpose applied in a variety vate organizati0ns and institutions should in establishing a serious and influential of ways, including contract or grant ar­ not allow themselves to be coopted by gov­ association of intellectuals, the American rangements with private agencies. ernment, to become primarily dependent on Philosophical Society, this country's first America is a pluralistic society; ours is a government money, to be dominated by the t hink tank. confusing age of complex problems. We must government rule book. Part of their im­ One of his earliest volunteer endeavors resist all pressures to deal wit h them by a port ance lies in their independence of gov­ was directed at broad popular education single, simplistic formula. Keeping open otlr ernment, in their ability to differ from the through the setting up in 1729 of the first options through private, volunteer initiatives policies and methods of government; at American Subscription Library. A club, called is a significant way of protecting our free­ times, on their ability to criticize govern­ t he Junto, which Franklin had put together dom. ment. To maintain that independence they in 1727, provided the nucleus for this library, Volunteer, nongovernmental options make have to have privately contributed resources; with books import ed from England paid for it possible to provide human services o?t a preferably, most, if not all, of their funds by the self-imposed subscription dues of human scale and in keeping with h11.man should come from individuals, churches, cor­ the members. Later, when these subscription values. One of the most serious problems of porations, and foundations. Government libraries had spread across the land, Frank­ modern, urbanized, industrialized mass-pro­ policies have and will continue to have a lot lin wrot e with understandable pride, "These duction society, regardless of system or ideo­ to do with whether such private funding is libraries have improved the general con­ logy, is the problem of the vast, cumbersome, possible. versation of the Americans, made the com­ expensive, often unresponsive, and, at t imes, Will private moneys continue to be avail­ mon tradesmen and farmers as intelligent as ineffective or tyrannical bureaucracies. able to sustain private, voluntary work for most gentlemen from other countries and When things (even well-intentioned pro­ the general good? The answer is, almost cer­ perhaps have contributed in some degree to grams to help people) get too big, it is often tainly, Yes. But there is a big if. If the pub­ the stand so generally made throughout the difficult to make them work well and with lic can be kept aware of the importance of colonies in defense of their privileges." proper regard for the values by which most these nonprofit, nongovernmental agencies, In t he range and community impact at human beings want to live. Small is not and if the government will continue tax his volunt ary associations Franklin influ­ necessarily beautiful or most efficient. Yet policies that encourage charitable giving. enced the course of the nation. His leader­ big is often not better, but worse; not the Year by year over the past decade, Ameri­ ship in developing America's vast network cans have given enormous sums of money to least costly, but ~he most expensive. of volunt ary endeavors may well have shaped support private public service and charitable this nation as much as anything he ever Government by its very nature is driven activities, but not nearly as much as was to operate on the basis of bigness and uni­ said in the Constitutional Convention­ needed and could have been wisely spent. We or wrot e in the publicat ion he founded, now formity, through large staffs and by means did not keep up with inflation and the grow­ known as The Saturday Ev ening Post. of sweepingly broad rules and regulations. ing needs in human services. Relative to need Life in the real world, however, is a story of and rising costs, private charity is in a pinch; individual cases and e~dless exceptions. and that pinch could get worse, particularly Small-scale, locally managed, private en­ for private colleges and private hospitals. Yet DAN ROSTENKOWSKI'S REMARKS deavors often offer the best ways of deal.in~ the money is out there. with real human beings and their individual Last year Americans made private charita­ FOR POLISH CONSTITUTION DAY problems. ble gLfts of more than $35 billion. Most of Private management of many of our social that came from individuals. Almost half of HON. JOHN G. FARY programs and cultural institutions often (I the total went to religious institutions and OF ILLINOIS believe-usually) saves money. In particular their programs Foundati - llS gave a bit more cases this judgment will be argued; some than $2.1 billion, less than 10 percent of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES private organizations are incompetently and the total. Corporations, if you count con­ Monday, May 7, 1979 inefficiently managed. Some incur excessi•;e tributions in kind and the released services fund-raising costs. (Nothing, of cours, can of salaried company employees who were • Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, I was privi­ compete with the federal income tax as a given time off from their regular duties to ledged to be present at a parade that took "cost effective" way of getting money out of help nonprofit organizations, gave even place in Chicago this past weekend com­ people.) But the point about private agen­ more. Foundations are compelled by law to memorating the Polish constitution of cies' lower costs has widespread validity. And give away all of their investment earnings May 3, 1971. I heard my friend and col­ for good reason. They don't have such h!gh each year or a fixed 5 percent of their capi­ league, DAN ROSTENKOWSKI, deliver a overhead costs, have thinner staffs who gen­ tal assets, whichever is larger. Profit-making erally work for less money, Moreover, pri­ corporations are permitted to give away up magnificent speech that is significant not vate organizations are able to tap the na- to 5 percent of their pretax profits and take onlv for Polish Americans, but for all tion's huge pool of unpaid volunteers much the appropriate tax deduction. They are not those who value freedom, liberty and more easily and as a matter of course than required to give away anything, and about basic human rights. DAN RosTENKOWSKI can most government projects. For many 80 percent of them make no cla.lm to give remarked that the spirit of freedom is 10172 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 part of the Polish heritage of which he is very simple. Our country has suffered much But as many of you know, I have very proud. I would like to add that all of us in my lifetime. We have been invaded! We actively promoted both increased commercial who share that heritage and Americans have been occupied! We have been ravaged! and cultural activity between the United of all backgrounds who share that spirit, But in spite of all this, the Polish people States and the present government of Po­ DAN have never lost their identity. We have never land. I believe very strongly that we in the are proud of RosTENKOWSKI because lost our heritage. That's what keeps us to­ United States can best help our brothers and he is truly a great Polish American and a gether." sisters in Poland not by isolating ourselves great legislator who works to insure that Well, I have never forgotten that conversa­ from their government but rather by widen­ the spirit of freedom remains alive here tion with the old man. Before I talked to ing as many contacts as possible with all in our country and in the world. him, I felt just like any other American the Polish people. I would encourage every­ The text of Congressman RosTENKow­ visiting a foreign country. But af•ter our talk, one here today to seek new ways to foster SKI's inspiring address is inserted below: I didn't feel the same. And in all my subse­ more constructive relationships along these lines. If you haven't been to Poland, try to REMARKS OF HONORABLE DAN ROSTENKOWSKI quent visits to Warsaw, I have never-! have never-missed the opportunity to visit the get there. To isolate a people is to punish Less than one month from today the papal Old Town Square. them, and it is the government of Poland airplane bearing His Holiness Pope John Paul So as we celebrate our pride in being and not its people that we disagree with. II w111 land at Warsaw's Okecie airport. The We should and must always express our Pope's arrival wlll start an eight-day celebra­ Polish-Americans, as we recollect our heri­ tage, and as we anticipate next month's papal anger over any government policies that op­ tion in Poland that promises to be a major press the Polish people. We must also, how­ historical event. What happens that week in mission, let us recommit ourselves to our culture, to our history, and to all the things ever, continue to recognize that it can only June will influence world affairs for years to be through cultural and economic contacts come. John Paul's mission will be both that Poles have brought to America. Our celebration today is two things then: It is a that our concerns can continue to be reg­ solemn and holy. But it wlll also be a time istered with the present regime in Poland. for great rejoicing. After all, the Pope's re­ remembrance of our past--of our homeland. But it is also a commitment to our future. I And I believe that this principle is best turn will mark the first time in history that exemplified by the actions of the Church in a Pontiff has ever visited Poland. ask you to be hopeful with me about the future. But I also want to speak for a mo­ Poalnd. Of course, the Church does not en­ I think that for all of us, today's festivities dorse the government, but the Church com­ are, most a!:suredly, a preview of what that ment about the past since it is Poland's history that we are commemorating today. municates with the government. In a sense, day will be like. It will undoubtedly be the it tells the government, "If we do not meet most media-covered event of the century. It Every nation lives by its laws, and in the United States we live by those embodied in with you, if we do not speak to you, then will attract people from all over the world. we cannot tell you when you are wrong." Our Ambassador in Poland, Bill Schaufele, our Constitution, the world's oldest written constitution. But in that same era of re­ It is important that we look to the past. told me several weeks ago that there hasn't And I believe that we have done that to­ been a hotel room available in Warsaw for bellion against tyranny, another nation adopted a document of freedom that gave day-with reverence and with respect-with months. admiration and with pride. But we must not It doesn't take much imagination to pic­ political power to its citizens. Poland, in 1791, became the second nation of the world be mired in the past. We must not allow the ture the jubilation, the excitement, and the luxury of recollection to keep us from look­ crowds that wm surround the Pope wherever to adopt a written constitution. And we are here today to commemorate this 188th anni­ ing ahead-looking for ways to solve hard he goes. Think of the children raised above problems and confront tough issues. But we the crowds to see him-the smiles and the versary of Polish freedom. But, you know and I know, that constitu­ have the know-how! Remember, it is part tears of joy as people fiock to see an honored of our heritage. So I don't want to speak of son, a revered son, return to his Homeland­ tions are only documents. They are im­ portant, but they are just words on paper. A dead dreams because I'm proud to be a Pole to our Homeland. and for Poles, dreams never die. On June 2nd, when the Pope steps from his written constitution is only the letter of the law. Here in the United States we have I think that now, more than at any other plane, Poles from Qhicago, Poles from Detroit, time since World War II, we in the U.S. have Poles from Milwaukee--Poles from au over been fortunate in many ways and have been the opportunity and the ability to help the our nation will be stepping off that plane able :to preserve our constitution. Poland has people of Poland in their drive for more with him. His triumphant return will be a not been so fortunate. Because of invasions, becau!:e of partitions, becall!:e of wars, and national independence. We now can help the spiritual return for all of us. people of Poland in their search for a better We all know there is something special that the sheer bad luck of geography, Poland has standard of living. links Poles wherever they may be. Very sim­ not been able to preserve its freedoms. Yet We now can help the people of Poland re­ ply-it is our Polish heritage--our identity. pride and honor still live in the Polish peOple move the onerous burdens of censorship. It was a part of Danny Rostenkowskl growing everywhere because the letter of the law is The People of Poland are becoming frus­ up on Milwaukee Avenue. It was a part of only one aspect of a people's freedom. The trated. They do not want revolution, but they you-wherever you grew up. I've been lucky spirit of the law-the living part of any con­ do want change. With a little work, and a enough to know Poles all over the world. I stitution-is not perishable. A document of great deal of common sense, and using the have been able to travel to Poland many freedom may be destroyed, but when pride, means at hand, we can help them get the times over the past few years. And I can tell determination and the will to resist are in chances they want so desperately. you that many of the qualities that the peo­ the life blood of a people, then the spirit of My friends, it is no secret that the winds of ple of the world now appreciate in Pope John freedom can never be destroyed. change are beglning to blow across all of Paul are the very same ones that have always This spirit of freedom-this pride-has not Eastern Europe. I think President Carter de­ been a part of our Polish heritage. Our herit­ perished in Poland. It is the Polish insistence serves a great deal of credit for this. Our age? What is our heritage? It is the faith and on this moral imperative--that men and trade relations with the Soviet Union are be­ endurance we learned from our parents and women are born free; that individual human coming more closely knit all the time. Every It is our stubbornness--we will not yield rights cannot be usurped by any govern­ day the Russians become more dependent on when essential values are on the line. And it ment--that makes Poland still a sister in the results of advanced U.S. technology. is also our unlimited capacity for living and independence to our United States. Why not the same for Poland? caring. When a Pole is happy, he takes every­ Our countrymen in Poland are told that United States companies are literally lin­ one along with him. they should not pray-but they do pray. ing up to participate in the Chinese market I think the most memorable thing that They are told they cannot build new place. ever happened to me occurred in Poland in churches-but new churches appear over Why not the same for Poland? 1973 during my first visit there. I was repre­ night. We have many beneficial trade contracts senting the President and was about to begin They are told the system cannot provide with Middle Eastern countries whose gov­ a brief tour of the Old Town Square In War­ enough food-They demand to know why ernments are not aligned with ours. Well, saw. I had been told in advance th81t this not. why not the same for Poland. Square had been rebuilt brick by brick after They are told what they can see and what I'm for giving my support to Poles-no the devastation of World War II. I had also they should read-but they see what they matter where they are! been told of the great costs involved. Why, I want and they read what they want. e wondered, would the practical Poles spend The relationship between the Polish peo­ so much money for restoration when clearly ple and their government is certainly not PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON there was so much more that had to be done an easy one-but the Poles are coping. They to rebuild their country. When I first saw are trying to live their lives as best as they WORLD HUNGER: AN UPDATE the Square, I was astonished. I found it im­ can. My friends, we can help them. possible to believe that every building had Although I have spoken at some length been recently reconstructed. Surely this about the relationship between the people HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN magn1flcent place must be hundreds of years of Poland and the government or Poland, I OF NEW YORK old. On the Square I met a very old man who have not really discussed the relationship IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had witnessed first-hand both the recon­ between the people of the United States and struotion, and the destruction of this Square. the government of Poland. Some of m.y Monday, May 7, 1979 I had to ask him the question. Why? Why friends in Chicago would probably prefer • Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am sub­ rebulld? And he looked at me and said, "It's that I did not discuss it. mitting this report on the work of the May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10173 Presidential Commission on World the resolution by voice vote, and by a 364- The Commission's first meeting was Hunger on behalf of my colleagues, 38 record vote, the House also endorsed held in Washington, D.C., on Novem­ Congressman RICHARD NoLAN, Senators the measure on November 1, 1977. ber 6, 1978. At that time the Commission PATRICK J. LEAHY, and ROBERT DOLE, and On February 3, 1978, President Carter reviewed its goals and objectives, and myself-Members of Congress and Sena­ advised congressional backers of the discussed its subcommittee structure, tors appointed to serve on the Com­ Commission of his intention to establish and the format of its report. Subsequent mission. the 2-year, 20-member Commission. He meetings were held on December 18, This is first in a series of reports that later named Sol M. Linowitz to be Com­ January 31, March 14, and May 1. we will be presenting to our colleagues, mission Chairman, and on September 5, Considerable support has emerged to inform them of the Commission's 1978, issued an Executive order establish­ among Commissioners for the suggestion progress and activities. We also hope ing the Presidential Commission on that the Commission should break out of that this brief background summary will World Hunger. On September 12, the the traditional mold of past Presidential help our new colleagues familiarize President appointed the following to Commissions. Instead of merely drafting themselves with the history and ob­ serve on the Commission: Representa­ a report, the Commission is expected to jectives of the Presidential Commission tvie RICHARD NOLAN, Minnesota; Repre­ conduct a broadly based, exhaustive in­ on World Hunger. sentative BENJAMIN GILMAN, New York; vestigation of the hunger problem, make BACKGROUND Senator PATRICK LEAHY, Vermont; and recommendations, assume an activist In 1967, the President's Science Ad­ Senator ROBERT DOLE, Kansas. role in support of its conclusions and visory Committee asserted : Eugene L. Stockwell, associate general recommendations, and place a high pre.­ The stark misery of hunger, the ravages secretary, National Council of the mium on seeking public participation in of malnutrition, the threats of civil strife, Churches of Christ; Jean Mayer, presi­ Commission activities and in the im­ social unrest, and political upheaval posed dent, Tufts University; Norma E. Bor­ plementation of Commission recommen­ by food shortages, and the shadow cast by laug, director of International Maize and dations. impending famine have all been portrayed Wheat Improvement Center, and Nobel in urgent and compelling terms. The Commission recognizes that com­ Prize winner; Walter Falcon, director of bating hunger is an uphill struggle but In the years since that statement, Stanford University's Food Research In­ that encouraging progress has been there has been no lack of observations stitute; D. W. Brooks, former chairman made in some areas. Moreover, the Com­ reflecting the deep-seated problems of of the board of Goldkist Corp.; Raymond mission recognizes the domestic and in­ hunger and malnutrition. Indeed, from Singletary, president of Blakely Peanut ternational nature of its charge; that is, among those directly working to alleviate Co.; Howard Schneider, director of the Commission is to formulate an ap­ the problem comes the assertion that the the Institute of Nutrition, University of proach to alleviating hunger and malnu­ magnitude of the problem has intensi­ North Carolina; Clifton Wharon, Jr., trition which simultaneously addresses fied, and that a comprehensive strategy chancellor of the State University of New domestic problems, moral concerns, and to combat hunger and malnutrition is York; Adele Smith Simmons, president, the considerable task of helping other more necessary than ever. Hampshire College; Steven Muller, presi­ countries meet their food and nutrition During the past 12 years, U.S. food dent of Johns Hopkins University; l1eeds with their own resources. and foreign assistance programs and the Orville Freeman, former Secretary of The Commission is giving attention to international community's multilateral Agriculture; Harry Chapin, singer, song­ crucially important related issues such food, agriculture, and development in­ writer, and founder of World Hunger as poverty and hunger, population and stitutions have attempted to formulate Year, and Food Policy Center, John Den­ food accessibility, food reserves and policies designed to reduce world hun­ ver, singer, songwriter, producer of film trade, research and appropriate tech­ ger. Moreover, through our domestic "I Want To Live" (addressing the sub­ nologies, farm structure and produc­ food assistance programs, we have ject of world hunger) Bess Myerson, for­ sought to reduce the specter of hunger tivity, farm income, goals of food self­ mer commissioner of consumer affairs of reliance and food self-sufficiency, and and malnutrition in this Nation, which New York City; and Thomas H. Wyman, has the largest gross national product delivery systems, including the U.S. Green Giant Co. Government structure. in the world. The sad fact remains, how­ The Commission's mandate is to gath­ ever, that hunger still lingers in our The work of the Commission was di­ er and evaluate information on the world vided among an International Policy country, and plagues vast numbers of food problem, previous attempts to alle­ people throughout other areas of the Subcommittee; a Domestic, Agriculture viate global hunger and malnutrition, Policy, Consumer and Nutrition Subcom­ world. Possibly as many as 700 million current food assistance programs, and people are seriously malnourished. In mittee, and a Public Participation and other U.S. policies which have an impact Communication Subcommittee. An Exec­ its 1977 report on world food and nutri­ on hunger. The Commission is also tion, the National Academv of Sciences utive Committee was established to help charged with recommending alternatives coordinate the work of the subcommit­ underscored the severity of the prob­ to existing programs and policies which lem by concluding that the developing tees, and Commissioners were encour­ fail to meet the needs of the hungry and aged to attend meetings of subcommit­ countries must double their own food malnourished of this Nation and the production by the end of this century. tees to which they were not assigned in In an effort to coordinate Executive world. order to further increase the coordina­ and congressional efforts to significantly Following the release of its interim re­ tion of efforts in areas of mutual concern alleviate global hunger and malnutri­ port, due this summer, the Commission to all subcommittees. tion, Congressman NoLAN and I, along will publicize its ·findings and assist in The proposed format of the Commis­ with Senators LEAHY and DOLE, in­ efforts to implement its recommenda­ sion's report outlines an assessment of troduced legislation on September 27, tions. The Commission terminates on the Commission's findings and recom­ 1977, urging the President to establish June 30, 1980, or earlier, as directed by mendations, including a strategy for im­ a Commission on International and the President, and shall issue a final re­ plementing these recommendations. It Domestic Hunger and Malnutrition CH. port at least 30 days prior to its termina­ was further suggested that the report be Res. 784, S. Res. 271) . In the House, ap­ tion. in two parts; one written in a nontech­ proximately 260 of our coll~agues joined COMMISSION ACTIVITIES: OCTOBER 1978 TO nical, popular magazine style, and the us in cosponsoring this legislation, while APRIL 1979 other including various analytical appen­ the Senate measure was introduced with On October 5, 1978, President Carter dixes and technical documents as neces­ 51 sponsors. met at the White House with the Hunger sary. Hearings on the resolution were held Commission, and stated that his admin­ The Domestic Policy Subcommittee has by the House Committee on Agriculture, istration attached a high priority to com­ held five meetings, and has discussed the which was later joined by the House bating hunger and malnutrition. He also following topics: Recent trends pertain­ Committee on International Relations indicated that he would be working ing to food consumption and nutrition and the Senate Committee on Agriculure closely with the Commission concerning in the United States, hunger and under- in urging passage of the resolution. the implementation of its recommenda­ nutrition in the United States, proposals On October 27, 1977, the Senate passed tions. for a comprehensive food and nutrition CXXV--640-Part 8 10174 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 study, the future of the U.S. family farm, through wide public participation so Ikle, published in First Monday, May the interrelationship of the domestic and that a broad-based constituency of citi­ 1979, in the REcoRD at this point: international aspects of the Public Law zens could be mobilized against hunger SALT II: BEYOND THE POLITICS 480 food assistance program, and evalua­ and malnutrition. We believe that the First Monday: The Carter Administration tions of domestic food assistance pro­ problem of world hunger is as much a has begun to push very hard for approval of grams. threat to American citizens' well-being the SALT II treaty. What would the impact The International Policy Subcommit­ as inflation, unemployment, the energy be if the treaty is rejected by the Senate? tee has conducted four meetings, three in IKLE: We are facing a difficult situation. crisis, and the arms race. With or without arms limitation, the Russian New York City, and one in Washington, This Presidential Commission, which buildup will continue. The CIA has estimated D.C., to explore the role of agribusiness so many of us labored long and hard to that the Soviet Union will not cut back their in developing countries, various alterna­ bring into existence, can provide us the strategic budget, which is already three times tive development strategies, redistribu­ means to marshal our resources against as large as ours, with SALT approval. Under tion of agricultural assets, the role of hunger and malnutrition. It is an oppor­ the SALT agreement, as it is now envisaged, women in rural development, reduction tunity that we dare not let slip through the Russians may build as many additional of post-harvest losses, the role of multi­ our fingers because this Commission's missiles as they want. It is not the missiles lateral development banks in rural devel­ success is crucial to hundreds of millions that are limited but the launchers, particu­ larly the silos. opment, grain reserves, and international of individuals and to the U.S. commit­ FM: So that if we don't ratify a treaty we trade issues. mit to resolving the global hunger are not unleashing a Soviet buildup. At these meetings Commissioners bene­ problem. IKLE: We are facing a dangerous and fited from staff discussion papers pre­ Accordingly, we invite our colleagues maniac adversary in any event. We should pared on these topics and from presenta­ to participate in the Commission's im­ not be under the illusion that this SALT tions before these subcommittees by in­ portant work, and urge them to support agreement can fix that problem. dividuals with considerable expertise in recommendations proposed by the Com­ FM: When we look at the treaty, what these specific areas. mission to combat hunger and malnutri­ criteria should we use in judging it? Through hearings in Washington, At­ tion.• lKLE: First, whether it can help the sta­ lanta, Denver, Dallas, and Minneapolis, bility and security of our strategic forces. Second, whether it can reduce the arms com­ the Public Participation Subcommittee petition, in particular the Soviet m111tary has received valuable testimony from in­ THE PROBLEMS OF SALT II build-up of strategic arms. Third, whether dividual citizens and representatives of it can be monitored and whether It Is verifi­ numerous groups concerned with food able. and hunger policy issues. The information HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL FM: What do you feel the Soviet objec­ received at these initial hearings has OF ILLINOIS tives in the SALT treaty have been? been communicated to the Commission IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IKLE: They have shown great stubborn­ and will form an integral part of the .ness in protecting their ongoing strategic Commission's recommendations. The full Monday, May 7, 1979 program, both in SALT I and in the current Commission also held a public hearing in • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, as a par­ SALT II negotiations. They have also shown Chicago on April25. ticipant in the recent official visit of a an enormous amount of stubbornness in maintaining pervasive secrecy to the extent The most recent meetings of the full delegation of the House of Representa­ of insisting that they should be allowed to Commission have been well attended tives to the Soviet Union, I was impressed encrypt (put into code) signals from missile and have detailed various aspects of with the urgency and seriousness with tests. problems relating to world hunger and which high Soviet officials spoke about FM: The encryption, which came as a bit malnutrition which the Commission has the SALT II treaty. Aside from their mor­ of a surprise to the United States, obvious­ and will be addressing as it prepares bid and obsessive fear of the Chinese, the ly had not been addressed in SALT I. Was its interim report. The facets of the Eoviet officials seemed to have little else the encrypting undertaken by the Soviets problem include: Food accessibility and on their minds but trying to impress upon to add a bargaining chip or is it character­ consumption, food production, interna­ our delegation the importance of this istic of their overall attempt not to abide tional trade, U.S. domestic hunger, treaty. When we tried to explain to them by the true spirit of the first SALT agree­ world food security and contingency constitutional necessity of a Senate con­ ment? planning for famine emergency, and the IKLES No, I think it is a reflection of their sent to the treaty, they seemed genuinely obsession with secrecy-their great em­ relation of population to food availabil­ puzzled. Why should there be all this ar­ phasis on keeping everything under wraps. ity. guing and bickering, they seemed to be Their military budget is secret; even the The Commission has undertaken saying. Given their own political system Soviet citizens don't know the extent of studies in these and other areas in keep­ in which those who publicly argue and the armament build-up. In fact, even the ing with its mandate to gather and eval­ bicker with official policy are thrown into people in the Soviet government don't know uate relevant information on the hunger labor camps or psychiatric wards, it is what the military establishment is receiv­ problem, and to formulate recommen­ perhaps understandable why the Soviets ing in terms of national resources. dations based on these findings. cannot understand why we in the United FM: Given that, and given the problems CONCLUSION of verification posed by the changes in Iran, States would go through such an exercise the current instability in Turkey and the We believe that the Presidential Com­ as the forthcoming Senate debate over recent compromise of the surveillance satel­ mission on World Hunger, through its SALT. lite ma.!luals, what exactly is the verifica­ investigations, meetings, and hearings, Be that as it may, the point I wish to tion situation? Will we be able to verify a has been responsible to its congressional make here is that the Soviets seem con­ treaty, whatever its provisions? and Presidential mandates. The Com­ vinced that the SALT treaty is in their IKLE: It is not as satisfactory as we had mission is making significant progress best interest. While it is not impossible hoped. There are some limits that cannot be ·toward its eventual goal of providing that we could agree to a treaty which verified. It is regrettable that the Carter Ad­ both parties would enthusiastically em­ ministration has pushed itself into a corner this Nation with recommendations to by insisting that treaty compliance is veri­ significantly reduce global hunger and brace because of perceived advantages, it fiable. It would be much better to level with malnutrition. would seem that at the moment the So­ the Senate, Congress and the public a.nd Those who helped to establish this viet demand for a swift signing of the admit that there are some parts in the treaty Commission underscored their hope for treaty should at the very least make us which cannot be verified and then discuss a commission which would not become a bit cautious. Are we in danger of agree­ the treaty in light of that. merely an academic exercise of prepar­ ing to a treaty that is in fact more to the FM: Would you say that the Russian pur­ ing a weighty report which, after lim­ advantage of the Soviet Union than to chase of those manuals for our surveillance the United States? It is a question that satellites indicated an attempt to prevent ited fanfare, would be consigned along us from ultimately being able to verify the with earlier studies to gather dust OP­ should and, I think, will dominate the de­ bate over SALT II. treaty provisions? Assuming we had not dis­ some well-hidden shelf. covered the manual compromise, is this a Instead, we envisioned this as an ''ac­ In order to shed a bit more light on the further indication of the overall Soviet at­ tion" Commission, which would formu­ subject, I insert "SALT II: Beyond the titude towards the verification aspects of the late its findings and recommendations Politics," an interview with Dr. Fred C. treaty? May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10175 IKLE: Well, it is an indication, more can be adequately monitored and how it can pose a strategic factor in evaluating the broadly, of their abillty and efforts to learn be verified. A third one might be its effects SALT II agreement? practically everything that we are doing, even upon the stability of the strategic deterrent IKLE: Some experts feel it is of great im­ in the most sensitive intelligence area. Of forces. These are all interconnected. portance indicating an intent, a long-term course, if you are bent on concealing some­ FM: Currently the Soviets are far superior plan for nuclear war in the offensive sense. thing, and you know your adversary's verifi­ to us in conventional forces and roughly I think it is just part of the overall military cation abilities, it becomes all that much equivalent in strategic nuclear forces. What build-up indicative of t he seriousness with easier for you to conceal. is the risk of a strategic nuclear imbalance which the Soviet Union goes about its mili­ FM: What-is the impact of the treaty upon in favor of the Soviets coming about under tary affairs. It is a very, very m111tarized so­ NATO? As we understand, it won't affect the the terms of the treaty? ciety. A large number of people are in uni­ Soviet Union's ability to decimate our West­ IKLE: It is substantial. SALT II sets in form; they spend three times the amount of ern Europe allies. motion a process that may force the pro­ their gross national product for mll1tary af­ IKLE: That is right. For example, the inter­ jected Soviet strategic build-up which fairs than we do. The m111tary gets the best mediate ballistic range missiles which the would be permitted under the SALT agree­ knowledge, the best materials, the best labor. Russians are deploying are not limited. Now ment. On the one hand, the build-up we So I think it is just part of the overall em­ what aggravates this aspect is the fact that have undertaken to partially compete with phasis on military power. land-launched cruise missiles which we could the Russians is going to widen the gap in FM: In conclusion, if you were negotiating use and deploy are banned. So you have an capabilities. the treaty, what would you have done dif­ asymmetry; we are not building ballistic mis­ This fiows very simply from figures made ferently? siles, but the Russians are. available by the Carter Administration it­ IKLE: One has to be very persistent in FM: President Carter unilaterally can­ self. The Soviet Union is now spending three pressing for basic objectives over a long pe­ celled the neutron bomb, a defensive weapon times as much as the U.S. on strategic nu­ riod during which the Russians m ay, or are aimed at increasing the security of Western clear forces, 40 percent more overall on mili­ likely, to re;ect proposals. We negotiated some Europe. What were the motives behind that tary forces and a 4-5 percent increase each areas in 1975 and 1976 in the Ford Adminis­ decision? year in their overall defense effort. On the tration-very detailed provisions for com­ !KLE: Well, I think it is the basic philoso­ other hand, we are struggling to get a 3 per­ prehensive verification in conjunction wit.h the special test ban. It took a long, persiste 1t phy of President Carter himself. There is too cent increase in the defense budget from a much of a hope that what was done on our lower base, a 3 percent increase which will battle to get there. Initially we were told no. side would be somehow be reciprocated by mean little with our inflation. Now it only The Carter Administration made a mur~ Soviet concessions. Rather, what has hap­ takes tenth grade arithmetic to figure out sounder proposal for SALT in the Spring ..)f pened is that our restraint bas allowed the that this gap will have to widen. 1977, but after the first Soviet "nyet," they Soviets to move ahead even more vigorously. FM: What effect will the treaty have on immediately hurried and scurried for fall­ When we stand still, then moving ahead the defense budget? Would it cut back back positions. They didn't even take time brings an even greater return to the Soviets. spending by the Soviet Union and the United to articulate their objectives, let alone push If we make it clear we will compete, only then States? for them. IKLE: No, the Administration has said it FM: You mentioned the great speed with can we negotiate some restraint. which the Administration fell back and their FM: What would you say the primary dif­ would not expect SALT II to lead to an over­ all reduction in the defense budget. lack of persistence in negotiations. Is there ferences are between the Carter Administra­ any reason why the treaty has to be signed tion's agreement and the one the Ford Ad­ FM: Why these tremendous efforts in the strategic area? Do you think the Soviets are now? ministration tried to acheive? IKLE: None at all. Nothing that is happen­ IKLE: At that time, we did not concede the going after a war winning capab111 ty, a "first strike" capability? ing now will be stopped by the treaty nor is Soviet position that cruise missiles should there any particular urgency to get ·it in be banned, ground-launched missiles would IKLE: I'm not sure how this issue can be resolved or indeed if there is such an answer place. have been deployed and we would have had FM: Other than a political one perhaps.e an allowance for sea-launched cruise missiles in Moscow. They are trying to accumulate to compensate in some way for the SS-20. as much power as they can given their budg­ There was going to be a firmer ceiling on the etary restraints and our programs. Some backfire, even still a stronger effort to have may have aggressive designs, others may have it included in the treaty as it should be. more defensive ideas. OBSERVATION ON THE BRITISH So you had less of the unverifiable limits and FM: Pravda has said that a majority of ELECTIONS AND CONGRATULA­ less of the asymmetric limits in the treaty Americans support a new strategic arms limi­ TION TO MRS. THATCHER that we worked on, which, of course, we did tations treaty but that there would be an in­ not get the Soviets to accept. timidation and brainwashing campaign by FM: You mentioned the backfire bomber. those opposing the SALT II pact. It certainly HON. GERALD B. H. SOLOMON The Ford Administration pushed for a limit seems that the official Soviet position is very OF NEW YORK on and inclusion of the backfire bomber. strongly in favor of this treaty. I would think What does the Carter Administration say based on past experiences that the Soviets IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the backfire bomber in the treaty? strongly favor an agreement when they feel Monday, May 7, 1979 IKLE: They mention it in the materials that it would be to their benefit. in the explanatory statements saying there IKLE: I think you are right. They seem to e Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I would is some limit on the production and deploy­ favor conclusion of the treaty. That in itself like to take this opportunity to call the ment of the backfire. Of course the produc­ doesn't mean that we have to be opposed to attention-once again-of my esteemed tion limit can be changed and the deploy­ it. If it is properly balanced it could be use­ colleagues to last week's Parliamentary ment limit can be changed twice as quickly. ful for both us and the Russians. This, of elections in Great Britain, the results of On the other hand, the Administration seems course, was the initial objective of SALT. But which I feel will prove felicitous not only to agree that our conventionally operated this particular agreement as it emerges is not cruise missiles, which could help our naval adequately verifi able and it is not property to our worthy ally across the Atlantic, capability or our m111tary capab111ty in Eu­ balanced. It permits the Russians more of a but to our own United States and the rope, have to be limited. So we have ac­ build-up than it does us and it will make it world in general. In casting the majority cepted limits on our own systems without harder to negotiate follow-on agreements. of their ballots for Mrs. Thatcher and receiving reciprocal concessions from the The American public, virtually everybody in her Conservative Party colleagues, it Soviets. this country, is in favor of some sound arms would appear that the citizens of Great FM: The MX missile, as I understand it control. In some of the opinion polls which Britain have expressed their rising dis­ was originally set to carry 10 warheads whe~ showed a large majority in favor of SALT, it completed. Does the SALT agreement address turns out the pollsters were really asking peo­ pleasure with high taxes, government the size or the extent to which the MX will ple i.f they were in favor of nuclear strategic over-regulation, labor chaos, and the in­ be MIRVed? arms control. The answer to that is obviously creasingly declining state of the British IKLE: Yes it does. It imooses a limit on yes. economy. the number of warheads both on our missile Once the American public is asked more Perhaps also, the noticeably expan­ and on the next Soviet one. That is useful. specifically whether they would want an sionist moves of the Soviet Union It also imposes a limit on the destructive agreement which has these particular fea­ throughout the world and Mr. Alexandr power or the "throw weight" of the missile. tures, then the percentage in favor goes Solzhenitsyn's much-heralded interview FM: What do you think the critical ques­ down sharply. It would actually turn into a tion will be when the treaty comes before minority. Not branwashing or intimidation on BBC reinforced the opinion among the. Senate? Is there any one area upon as Pravda suggests, but simply a realization the electorate that the foreign interests whJch ratification will hinge? that the features of this treaty are not in of the United Kingdom would be better IKLE: There are several. One is the ques­ the best interests of the .United States. served by a policy of diplomacy through tion of balance or imbalance and what is FM: Do the recent efforts by the Soviets strength rather than one of retreat equitable. Another one is whether the treaty in building up their civil defense capabilities through apology. 10176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 Mr . Speaker, the American writer ored in being permitted to share this dis­ After the failure of the Weimar Republic Lincoln Steffens returned from the So­ tinction with a man who was undoubtedly we had that option only after 1945 and even viet Union in the 1930's and claimed one of the outstanding diplomats of our then only a part of my nation if fortu­ that he had "seen the future and it time. Were David Bruce here today, he would nately by far the largest part--was granted have been the one to speak about diplomacy works." The fallacy of that statement is that choice. It was taken without hesitation in the modern world. But it has fallen to or reservation, and the important thing is: now only too obvious. In 1979, the British me, and I must admit that it somewhat This decision was irreversible. voters said, in effect, that they had seen frightens me because in my view, diplomacy It was irreversible because it corresponds to the future as presented to them by Mr. can be neither defined nor described. It is our cultural heritage, because it corresponds Callaghan and his Labor party, and they as diverse as life itself. Unlike the expert, to the deep longing of our people for an en­ did not like what they saw. Collectivism who deals with a specific field, a diplomat lightened, mature and human society. Specu­ had been weighed in the balance and has to be prepared to address every kind of lations-and they recur like false omens­ problem and affair in international rela­ found wanting. The new Prime Minister, that we Germans may change our minds and t ions- and in every corner of the world as be willing to sell even a piece of our freedom to be sure, has a formidable task before well. So broad a theme can only be handled her. The tide of collectivism, once estab­ selectively. for any kind of a price, fiy in the face of lished, is not easily stemmed. Mrs. reality. CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIPLOMAT Our elections in which up to ninety per­ Thatcher and her fellow Conservatives I would like, therefore, to confine myself cent of the electorate participate demon­ merit not only our congratulations but strate that radical parties on the right and our best wishes for their future en­ to mentioning only a few of the qualities that in my view the diplomat ought to have. And, left together have for years received less deavors in the halls of Parliament. with the aid of examples taken from the than one percent of the vote. How much Mr. Speaker, earlier I alluded to the relations between my country and the United political stability does it take to placate the beneficial effect that I am convinced yes­ States, I will try to demonstrate why I con­ doubters? terday's vote in Great Britain will pro­ sider these traits important. GERMANY: GEOGRAPHIC COMMUNITY OF vide for our own great Nation 9nd ulti­ If one has had the opportunity-as I EUROPEAN PEOPLES mately the world. I believe, with regret, have-to deal with Gennan-American rela­ Still, as a continental European nation, that our good friend and ally has served tions for almost twenty consecutive years, we Germans do not only live in a cultural then one knows that for example calm and community of the European West and the in the postwar period as an unhappy ex­ patience are as important traits as is a ample to the free world of results of New World. We also live in a geographic com­ good memory. History, of course, does not munity of European peoples. To this geo­ applying socialist economic policies to a repeat itself, it does not move in a circle. graphic community also belongs the Russian free society. But it sometimes moves like a spiral, and people, whose similar but distinct tradition But do we learn from examples? The situations recur which bear a certain simi­ has partly been formed by Byzantine Ortho­ syndicated columnist, M. Stanton Evans, larity t o each other. Let's take as an example doxy. having recently returned from England, the dialogue between our two countries over Wit h this nation to whose sphere of in­ compared the British ship of state to a defense policy and .related issues. Take for fluence a part of our own nation is subject instance the Radford-Plan or the doctrine as well as with the other Eastern European boat tottering on the brink of a water­ of fiexible response, the multinational fieet, fall, while about 20 yards away, the peoples we must live together and maint ain the offset agreement or the Mansfied Resolu­ neighborly relations. United States is rowing furiously, trying tion, and more recently the neutron bomb. Of course, we will never abandon our to catch up. I submit that it is time to I need only mention these buzz words and demand that our entire nation be granted turn our boat around. you no doubt remember that over the course the right to exercise self-determination. We I am afraid that some of our own of years we repeatedly experienced phases know, however, that the German question economic policies and proposals coincide during which we engaged in what the French cannot be solved in isolation, but only as only to nicely with those that have call a "discussion suivie"-a lively exchange. part of a comprehensive settlement between But, unfail1ngly, we brought these discus­ West and East. And we know that this settle­ brought the British economy to its pres­ sions to a good conclusion. For that which ent unenviable state. Let us take advan­ ment is not yet in sight. fundamentally unites us has infinitely more The ideological gap remains unbridgeable. tage of this word to the wise from our weight than the details which occasionally So for now, it is our interest to strengthen friends across the sea. Let us reestablish divide us. and to extend a modus vivendi that we have the principles of free enterprise in FUNDAMENTALS OF DIPLOMACY achieved with our Eastern neighbors, in­ America, and by extension and example, In order to properly evaluate a nd not dram­ cluding the German Democratic Republic. the principles of free enterprise and free atize occasional differences, we need an There is no contradiction between our ad­ political institutions throughout the awareness of our common interests and of herence to the Atlantic Alliance-to which world.e their basis. This a wa.reness requires histor­ our contribution is second only to yours­ ical insight and psychological experience and or our striving for European unity-to which that brings me to a second trait, or mastery, our continued contribution is second to ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BERNDT if your prefer, of the diplomat. none-on the one hand, and our vital inter­ Diplomacy is no exact science like physics est in the pursuit of a policy of detente of VON STADEN OF THE FEDERAL or chemistry. Diplomacy deals with human cooperation with the East and of arms con­ REPUBLIC OF GERMANY beings and a human being is a four-dimen­ trol on the other hand. These are not alter­ sional creature in time and space. He is the natives but part of one policy on which, as product of a long biological history which I can note with satisfaction my government HON. JOHN BRADEMAS has determined his instincts and of a much and the U.S. r even if there were any. serious issue dividing the parties to the Gen­ stiffer foreign competition and possible losses. Bristol Bay faces a long, tough fight to get eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), The net change, so far as it can be pin­ its 3 million acres opened to development­ and it has yet to be shown that the new rules pointed, should be a gain for the national a fight it clearly may lose. No other native can be enforced. But with unemployment, economy. But the broader economic choice corporation has sued over the monuments, sluggish growth and financial ins.tability all is the key one: between a world given over although other land also is blocked; and at pushing the world backward toward protec­ to trade wars, with commercial enmity least one company, the NANA Regional Cor­ tionism, these measured steps forward are a exacerbating international political relations, remarkable achievement. and a climate in which burgeoning trade poration, believes the natives should settle contributes to the prosperity of all. out of court. "You're talking about hundreds Under the accord, tariffs will be cut by roughly a third, with all tariffs on civilian The trade agreement nevertheless has won of thousands of dollars to litigate a suit like less than universal applause. As in any set that," says John Shively, NANA Regional's aircraft apparently eliminated. But the most significant reforms are aimed at the non­ of compromises, no one got everything he vice president of operations. "It's clearly sought. Almost all the developing countries bound for the Supreme Court." tariff barriers to trade that have sprung up as countries compete for profits and jobs in abstained from last week's signing by more What if BBNC loses? "Then Congress than a score of industrial nations, signifying swapped our aboriginal rights for 3 milllon sluggis·h world markets. These barriers in­ clude protectionist government procurement dissatisfaction with the treatment of the acres of nothing," says Miron. "That $962.5 poorer countries. The Third World is girding million was seed money to develop the land." policies, arbitrary customs valuation, retalia­ tory taxes against subsidized exports and for a May meeting, in Manila, of the United No wonder Bob Bacon and his stockholders Nations Conference on Trade and Develop­ are angry.e hundreds of other devices. For the first time, moreover, GATT will set up quasi-judicial ment, at which there will be renewed de­ proceedings to consider complaints. mands for a new international economic Skeptics point to problems left unresolved order to transfer wealth from rich nations THE NEW INTERNATIONAL TRADE by the new pact, and more generally, to the to poor. After that exercise, m.any are ex­ AGREEMENT-FIRST REACTIONS fact that the reforms are no stronger than pected to subscribe to the new pact to get the nations' commitments to honor them. its benefits. In the United States, the agreement re­ No one at Geneva, for example, could devise quires enabling legislation by Congress, and HON. SAM GIBBONS a satisfactory "safeguards code" that would there will be some tough opposition. The OF FLORIDA prevent countries from arbitrarily denying Carter administration has worked to disarm markets to individual exporters when domes­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some of the opponents by sponsoring provi­ tic interests are threatened. Thus the United sions protecting some sensitive and powerful Monday, May 7, 1979 States (and the European Economic Com­ industries, like textiles-even arousing fears munity) will remain free to demand "volun­ GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, as we all that the free-trade thrust of the interna­ • Mr. tary" sales restraints from emerging indus­ tional negotiations might be blunted. know, the multilateral trade agreement trial exporters like Taiwan, Brazil and Korea. Ratification by other countries hinges on ught country and many others. Its overall goal to know the agreement is extremely impor­ has been to free up international trade (From the Washington Star, Apr. 16, 1979] tant. It means in essence a greater freeing up from national restrictions to enable all of the rules of international trade and there­ A CHANCE FOR FREE TRADE fore a greater opportunity for growth at a ?ountries to export as much as possible Despite some of the headier rhetoric, the very time when trade is becoming more and m order to earn the money we all need trade agreement initialed the other day in more vital for virtually every national to pay for the goods we must all import. Geneva is not a total victory for free trade economy. Over the next several weeks, I and some over the dark forces of protectionism. The agreement not only reduces the aver­ of my colleagues in Members of Congress What the pact does, after more than five age level of world tariffs by a hefty 35 to 38 ~or Peace through Law will be placing years of "Tokyo Round" negotiations, is give percent. This is the first time that the mem­ free trade a continuing chance to prevail in m the RECORD press comments and other bers of the General Agreement on Tariffs and its perennial competition with the opposing Trade (GATT) have tackled other, nontariff information we think will be of use to us philosophy. Policy in the participating na­ curbs to the :flow of goods and services-such all as we consider the trade package. tions Will get another important nudge in as governmental procurement practices favor­ . Under unanimous consent I wish to the free-trade direction. Debate will go on ing domestic producers, export subsidies that ~sert four recent editorials from na­ about what approach to international eco­ distort competition, and customs procedures tw~al newspapers, which were published nomics can best serve domestic prosperity. which discriminate against foreign products. durmg the Easter district work period The emerging agreement is expected to lead The net result represents a substantial as­ to tariff reductions averaging more than 30 sault in protectionist practices. Perhaps Sir and which therefore, many of us may per cent over the next several years. But Roy Denman, who signed the agreement on May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10179 behalf of the Common Market, best described example, requires a careful safecy inspection rely on trust or Soviet good intentions to the significance of the pact when he said of electrical goods. American manufacturers determine their compliance with SALT ll. that without it the West would be returning charge that the inspection of the foreign Rather, they say, the U.S. maintains "Na­ "to the economic blizzards of the 1930s" and products is deliberately pokey to keep them tional Technical Means" (which the govern­ would be threatened again by "the hunger, out. European manufacturers have wondered ment has confirmed, includes satellite fear and political extremism experienced whether some of the American automobile photography) that ensure the agreements are then." safety requirements were not devised with "adequately verifiable." A major portion of Signing of the agreement by 40 of the par­ the thought of making it a little more ex­ the upcoming debate may turn on the word ticipating nations is but the first step, how­ pensive to import foreign cars. With the vast " adequate." This is because despite the ever. Now it must be ratified by the respective expansion of trade in recent years, very large sophisticated optics and electronics involved parliaments and nowhere will the battle be amounts of money are at stake in this kind of there are questions of definition, precision, more vigorous than in the United States, question. strategy, and above all judgment that sur­ where protectionist sentiment has been on Trade, of course, is never solely a foreign­ round the issue of vertification. the rise of late. But given the continuing policy issue. The benefits of trade are real RELATIONS BETWEEN OBSERVER AND OBSERVEE US trade deficit-due to oil and other mas­ and important; but when imports rise, it sive imports and inadequate exports-the means that they are taking customers away National Technical Means are not natural Carter administration should be able to sell from domestic industries. So Congress is objects like our moon, the planets, or other the new pact. More liberal trading rules will shortly to be confronted with a painful para­ pieces of the universe. The NTM's are built improve production efficiency, help curb in­ dox: To advance the national prosperity, it is and operated by man. Heisenberg's Principle flation, and give a sturdy nudge to export in­ going to have to vote for policies that in­ as applied to the verification process would argue that there is inevitable interaction be­ dustries. It should not be lost on the Ameri­ filet specific and local damage on some of can people that one out of every eight manu­ its constituents. If President Carter intends tween the observer and the observee. The ob­ facturing jobs in the US depends on export. to argue the case for the national interest servee knows, to a considerable degree, what While gains will be made in some sectors, in trade, he cannot begin too soon.e the observer is doing and, if he works at it, such as high-technology industries and agri­ can get a fair handle on the observer's per­ culture, however, other industries will be formance and capab111tles. consequently, 1! hard hit by growing competition from abroad. we, as observers, behave foolishly, we may The burden is expected to fall hell.viest on provide an irresistable temptation to the So­ SOME QUESTIONS-AND ANSWERS­ viets to test, to probe, to experiment-at a lower-income and minority workers in tex­ ON SALT II VERIFICATION tile and other labor-intensive industries and small scale, but then (if successful) a larger on urban areas of the North and East. Presi­ scale. dent Carter wm therefore have to seek ways HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL It is dangerous and foolish to believe that to assure that injured industries are given the Soviet Union hasn't a fair appreciation some relief and that social consequences are OF ILLINOIS of our NTM's-what they are, how they work, minimized during the period of adjustment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and their limitations. The Soviets are helped in this understanding by our free and active In the long run, however, the economy of Monday, May 7, 1979 the United States-and indeed of all na­ press, a broad range of national security tions-stands to benefit in jobs, more export • Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, one of material released by the government in an­ business and, ultimately, higher standards of the most serious questions currently nual reports and congressional hearings, and living. That is what freer trade is all about. by the laws of physics that apply equally in raised about the SALT II Treaty is that both hemispheres. Of course, the Soviets have of verification. If we agree to a SALT their own surveillance satellites, so their [From the Washington Post, Apr. 18, 1979] Treaty, how are we going to know the residue of mystery is minimal; and they un­ TRADING BY THE RULES Soviet Union is living up to its side of doubtedly learn something from their espio­ In the past 10 years, the volume of world the agreement? nage operations against the U.S. trade has doubled and the American standard The President, in recent weeks, has Consider, then, the relationship between of living has risen by nearly one-fourth. given unqualified assurances that we can the U.S. intelligence system and its main There is a relation between these two devel­ verify SALT. I do not wish to question target, the Soviet Union. The U.S. is spend­ opments. The steady expansion of trade his obvious sincerity, but I wonder if ing much on intelligence and has met with among nations has been one of the driving considerable success. But has this success his assurances have taken into consider­ been achieved against a clever adversary who forces behind the economic growth that has ation the views of Amron Katz, former continued here and in most other countries. has labored hard to conceal its activities? To keep these trends going, most of the head of the Verification and Analysis This is doubtful; and the basis for this doubt world's governments have joined in negotiat­ Bureau, U.S. Arms Control and Disarm­ requi res systematic coherent exposition. ing the new trade rules that some of them ament Agency. Mr. Katz has recently The fundamental requirement for mutual began initialing last week in Geneva. For written a study, "Verification of SALT: deterrence to work is that each side has to the United States, the debate over these rules The State of the Art and the Art of the know what the other side's weapons are and will come home in a big way next month State,'' in which he demonstrates from be suitably impressed by these weapons. Dis­ when the administration asks Congress to an expert's point of view, the extreme closure is essential. A truly secret weapon enact them into law. system may be useful in an ambush or other In the past, this kind of trade negotiation difficulty if not impossibility of verifying kind of surprise attack, but it is of no value has been directed at reducing tariffs. But tar­ the kind of agreement we are likely to as a deterrent. For qualitative disclosure, the iffs are now so low for most kinds of goods get. Soviets have the Red Square "drag strip" that they have little effect on trade. This His argument is close-knit and pro­ which gives Western observers a good look on time the negotiators have attempted to ad­ ceeds with logical development. It de­ May Day or Red Army Day. For quantitative dress the other, much more complex devices serves to be read as a whole. The Heritage disclosures the Soviets depend exclusively on that can give one nation's products an un­ Foundation, however, has recently sum­ the free services of an internationally recog­ fair advantage and hurt the sales of others. marized his essay. This summary con­ nized Certified Public Accountant: the U.S. Most of the rich nations, for example, sub­ tains the essentials of Katz's viewpoint. national intelligence system. Hence the sym­ sidize their exports with cheap loans to for­ biotic relationship between U.S. intelligence eign buyers. The competition in providing At this point I wish to insert in the and the Soviet Union. The Soviets have been bigger and cheaper loans rapidly becomes RECORD, "Verification and SALT" by "cooperating" with U.S. national int elligence. self-defeating, and governments have come Amron Katz, from the April 1979 Nation­ To suggest that the Soviets need and use to see the need for limits. But then other arrd al Security Record, published by the U.S. intelligence disclosures is not to argue more subtle issues arise: Exactly what con­ Heritage Foundation: that the Soviets make the problem easy for stitutes a subsidy? What about the low-in­ VERIFICATION AND SALT* the U.S. Rather, they don't make things im­ terest loan by a government-controlled bank possible. The extent of their cooperation con­ to an industry producing for export? What Apart from the actual terms of SALT II sists of not "non-cooperating." The contest, many members of Congress, and their con­ about the continuous deficits of state-owned the abrasion, occurs because the Soviet Union European industries? Subsidies and tax stituents, are genuinely concerned that the breaks are deeply engrained in all of the ad­ Soviet Union may not abide by the provi­ can't quite tune or focus our intelligence vanced economies. Until now, there has been sions of the SALT II agreements. The admin­ systems to pass on only that which is neces­ no consensus on what is and is not accep­ istration has sought to allay these fears by sary for us to be impressed. We want to know table in world commerce. emphasizing that the U.S. does not have to the entire technical story. Most countries enforce extensive health But the nagging question remains: How and safety standards on imports. Some of *This article is excerpted from a Heritage good are we if the Soviets really want to hide these standards are so onerous that they Foundation Critical Issu,e study entitled: something? We don't know, but can only keep out the imports altogether. Then the Verification and SALT: The State of the Art assert that past success that depended, in arguments start over whether the standards of the State by Amrom Katz, former Head of considerable part, on Soviet interest in our have a legitimate purpose, or are merely a the Verification and Analysis Bureau, U.S. success is scant basis for predicting the out­ veiled attempt at protectionism. Japan, for Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. come of future problems. 10180 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979

HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT WE KNOW? fore, numerical limitations on them could be point, improving their accuracy over that The kinds of data that permit us to make incorporated in a treaty. But ICBM launchers attainable at sea But, because it is neces­ strong and confident statements about what don't have to be detectable. sary to keep the submarine, we can discard the Soviets are doing are usually late and are In the mid-'50's, I started talking about it, leaving 16 misslles in the building. This seldom crystal clear and unequivocal. Con­ doing some inspection exercises involving example shouldn't be taken literally, be­ cause SLBM's (submarine-launched ballis­ sider what happens when the Soviets start a real teams-one doing the hiding; the other, the finding. I wrote: tic missiles) may not have the range of new development program. All the signs of a We don't need a system which works well land-based ICBM's. There are ICBM's avail­ new program starting up that we see in the against a careless, uninformed, unimagina­ able that will work. U.S., are missing. Secrecy precludes our find­ tive opponent, but one that works well For whatever odd reason, in arguing this ing out much. (secrecy, as practiced in the against an opponent who is smart, careful, thesis it is always necessary to take the sub­ Soviet Union, is not a "dirty communist and imaginative. marine out of the water, surround it with a trick," it's an old Russian habit!). When We needed, and st111 need, a smart-proof, building, and then throw away the sub­ would the U.S. first learn of this new project? not a fool-proof, system. marine, leaving the missiles ensconced in a In many cases, our analysts wouldn't see it After each briefing or discussion on this covert site. The relevant conclusion is sim­ until after several years, when the Soviets idea and its relevance to either verification ply this: Assessments that our intelligence take it outside, uncover it, permitting the (of a treaty) or to unilateral activities (in system will certainly detect large scale cheat­ U.S. to see it-if it's a clear day and we are the absence of a treaty), I would take a poll ing say no more than that we can count on there. of the audience preference. Even among the detecting "deployment in a manner that we C. B. Marshall has made a simple, yet es­ audiences who were professional finders, the have been successful in detecting." sentially accurate, observation regarding the overwhelming preference (about 90 percent) ABROGATION AND INERTIA basic limits of verification capab111ties: it is was for hiding. This astonished me-at first. easier to monitor big things than little, fixed Many suggestions for methods of hiding Take the optimistic case: the intelligence items than mobile, exterior configurations missiles came from these audiences. Some community, after much discussion, concludes than interior details, assembled mecha­ ideas were poor, some were fair, some were that the Soviets have been engaged in some nisms than unassembled, long-haul proc­ very good. suspicious behavior. The community then presents such evidence to the National Secu­ esses than short-term, and outside testing Only one of these ideas will be discussed-a than laboratory procedures. rity Council. The NSC must then decide way of hiding significant numbers of ICBM's. whether or not the United States should take HIDERS AND FINDERS As one flies over the U.S., in cities and towns, the matter before the Standing Consultative What could change the Soviet incentive he will see tens of thousands of buildings Commission at SALT. Assuming they do, the that are, say, 150 feet by 300 feet. A photo­ from cooperation with U.S. intelligence (in U.S. asks the Soviets to explain this behavior the sense described above) to an incentive interpreter (PI) -who can identify steel and to cooperate with a follow-up check on and program to hide? An ability to hide mills, petrochemical installations, and other distinctive industries at such a distance from this questionable behavior. If a follow-up in­ missiles and the invention of a strategy that vestigation reveals, for example, a hidden depends on sudden disclosure and possible the photograph that the lay person would see nothing-will usually label these struc­ missile site or some violation, what would be use of "extra" missiles, for example, are ob­ the next step? It is worth emphasizing that viously related. Both are necessary. If they tures as light manufacturing (L/M} struc­ tures. He is not cheating-he says, and w111 NTM's do not detect violations. They collect can't hide operable missiles, there is a little data, which is processed and analyzed within point in devising a strategy whose essential admit, that the identification as L/ M is a judgment by default. "What else could they the intelligence community. The determina­ ingredient is a sizeable force of hidden tion that a "violation" has occurred is essen­ missiles. be?" These PI's have no real desire to fool their audience. They want to avoid use of tially a political decision. First of all, the existence of numerical What will we do if the Soviets violate a limitations (such as those found in SALT the term "U/ I"-for unidentified. Thus an error is pror>a2:ated. SALT treaty and we detect it? The threat of treaty) could furnish an incentive to hide abrogation is always held out as a deterrent some missiles. The Soviets might argue A momentary detour to consider "signifi­ to violations. But is the threat a deterrent? that the U.S. might "bank" strategic cant" or "meaningful" evasion needs to be Political inertia or momentum-the desire to power (e.g., hide a large number of ICBM's) taken. Clearly, if the Soviets were to hide keep things going-and the unusabiUty of and, therefore, it would be only prudent for one extra misslle beyond the limits allowed, evidence are two strong factors, among the U.S.S.R. to do the same. This could be this is deplorable and, if we find it, a cause others, that may inhibit abrogation as a thought of as insurance against "breakout" for worry about the future. But one extra response to a treaty violation. by the U.S. Independent of the foregoing missile doesn't open new strategic vistas­ argument, the Soviets could argue that they" were we but sure that the one we found is all Political inertia is the natural spin-off of a would feel a lot happier with, say, 2,500 there is! long, hard negotiating process that usually precedes a treaty. "Keep it going; the treaty ICBM's than they would feel with no more The more than 100 audiences that were than the number allowed by the treaty. (It is part of a larger picture," proponents might asked about their preferences for hiding or argue (and with some reason). A treaty will is well known that the Soviets don't like to finding were also asked, "How many hidden scrap old or obsolete weapons. What do they have much going for it; evidence of violation operable ICBM's would it take to cause the may be downplayed or reinterpreted. Even do with them?) Proponents of SALT II U.S. serious upset were they deployed or dis­ should feel relatively comfortable with this were it agreed that a violation occurred, it closed suddenly, either by their use or the may be judged to be "insignificant." idea since they argue that without SALT II threat to use them?" The median answer was the Soviets would build hundreds more about 200 large, MIRVed ICBM's. I, there­ Yet, as Fred Ikle (former Director of the missiles. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency) fore, considered the problem of hiding 500 points out, detecting violations is not Further complicating the entire discus­ large misslles, and decided to put them in sions is the frequent, interchangeable usage enough. "If we focus all our attention on the L/ M buildings. technicalities of how to detect a violation, we of "missiles" and "missile launchers." The It is not necessary to design an LI M-build­ Interim Agreement of SALT I says, in Article are in danger of assuming that our reactions ing basing system, complete with command and sanctions will be adequate." To this last I, "The Parties undertake not to start con­ and control systems, to make the point that struction of additional fixed, land-based, in­ asumption-that our reactions and sanc­ such systems are feasible. One major objec­ tions will be adequate-could be added the tercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) tion to this scheme is that, by comparison launchers after July 1, 1972." The agree­ assumption of promptness and automaticity with the lengthy, massive, and conspicuous of reaction. Adding to the difficulties and ment, its protocol, the two kinds of agreed scarring of the earth associated with con­ interpretations (initialed statements and implausibility of abrogation is the (unequal} struction of large, concrete, underground silos contest posed by the abrogation of an entire common understandings), and the unilateral and associated structures, this proposed Gys­ statements say nothing about limiting the treaty as a response to any single violation. tem seems too simple. The simplicity, such as Such a weighty response would require a number of ICBM's-only ICBM launchers. it is, derives from constructing a soft but No one in the United States will ever be truly massive violation. killed by a Soviet ICBM launcher; it is the covert base. The L/ M basing system depends Left to the reader is speculation on what missile, the ICBM itself, that can kill. But as for protection on being covert, not hard. could happen in situations where the evi­ early as SALT I we knew and stated that we Those missiles in heavy, concrete silos are dence might be equivocal, the facts denied couldn't count Soviet missiles, so there was hard because they don't depend for protec­ by one side, and where the evidence is in a little point in limiting missiles; we concen­ tion on secrecy but on blast resistance. form that does not lend itself to ready ex­ trated, instead, on fixed ICBM launchers. At This latter argument doesn't satisfy all the position to the public or where disclosure of that time these were underground silos critics. It becomes necessary to look at a evidence might compromise its source. which, being conspicuous, long in building, missile-carrying submarine. The submarine In the years prior to World War ll, similar and presumed (by both sides) to be detect­ is mobile, has no other "buildings" or "tun­ problems were encountered in verifying cer­ able, indentifiable, and hence targetable, nels" or anything going along with it, and tain arms control agreements between Brit­ were thick-walled concrete structures. These carries 16 missiles. I propose, therefore, that ain and Germany. In retrospect, Admiral characteristics made such launchers detect­ we take this submarine out of its nautical Godfrey, Britain's director of Naval Intelli­ able and countable and hence verifiable via habitat and put it in one of these L/ M build­ gence during the war, was led to three con­ the use of National Technical Means; there- ings. Now the 16 missiles can sit on a surveyed clusions: 1) there exists an unwillingness May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10181 of authority to believe information that has Select on Small Business Joint Economic awkward political implications; 2) the ten­ To resume markup of proposed legisla­ To resume hearings to examine the rate dency of military officers, and others who tion authorizing funds for fiscal year of price and wage infiation when com­ have taken part in negotiations, to become 1980 for the Small Business Adminis­ bined with stagnant consumer de­ advocates of the integrity of persons with tration. mands with high unemployment. whom they secured agreement, and to lose 424 Russell Building 5110 Dirksen Building the skepticism which is part of vigilance; • Select on Ethics 11:00 a .m. and 3) technicians may not be the best To continue hearings on the investiga­ • Appropriat ions judges of enemy intentions and achievement. tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged Transport ation Subcommittee They find it hard sometimes to believe that abuse of certain financial reporting To continue hearings on proposed budg­ what they cannot do or have not thought rules of the Senate. et estimat es for fiscal year 1980 for the of doing has been done by the other side. 6226 Dirksen Building Department of Transportation. The overall implication, found in a news 10:00 a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building dispatch describing a lapse in U.S. intelli­ Appropriations 2:00 p .m. gence prior to the Iranian revolution, is that Interior Subcommittee • Appropriations "those who challenge conventional wisdom To continue hearings on proposed budget Transportation Subcommittee have little to look forward to in their intel­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To continue hearings on proposed budg­ ligence careers." This problem will continue Department of Energy. et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the to plague the SALT process until those re­ 1223 Dirksen Building Department of Transportation. sponsible for negotiating arms control agree­ • Appropriations 1224 Dirksen Building ments are divorced from the responsibility Transportation Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation of verifying Soviet compliance.e To continue hearings on proposed budg­ Communications Subcommittee et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed Department of Transportation. Communications Act Amendments, 1224 Dirksen Building and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ SENATE COMMITrEE MEETINGS Appropriations tions Competit ion and Deregulation Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov­ Act. ernment Subcommittee 235 Russell Building agreed to by the Senate on Febraury 4, To hold hearings on proposed budget 1977, calls for establishment of a system estimates for fiscal year 1980, and on MAY 10 9:30a.m. for a computerized schedule of all meet­ proposed supplemental requests for • Energy and Natural Resources ings and hearings of Senate committees, fiscal year 1979, both for the Depart­ To hold hearings on S . 685, proposed subcommittees, joint committees, and ment of the Treasury. Nuclear Waste Policy Act. committees of conference. This title re­ 1318 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building quires all such committees to notify the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Environmental and Public Works Office of the Senate Daily Digest-desig­ Business meeting to markup S. 745, pro­ To cont inue markup of pending calendar nated by the Rules Committee-of the posed Housing and Community Devel­ business. opment Amendments, and S. 1072, pro­ 4200 Dirksen Building time, place, and purpose of all meetings posed Interstate Land Sales Full Dis­ when scheduled, and any cancellations Judiciary closure Act. Improvements in Judicial Machinery Sub­ or changes in the meetings as they occur. 5302 Dirksen Building committee As an interim procedure until the Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on S. 677 and 678, computerization of this information be­ To hold hearings on the nomination of to provide for improvements in the comes operational the Office of the Sen­ Patricia A. Goldman, of the District of structure and administration of the ate Daily Digest will prepare this infor­ Columbia, to be a Member of the Na­ Federal Court system. mation for printing in the Extensions of tional Transportation Safety Board. 5110 Dirksen Building Remarks section Of the CONGRESSIONAL S-146, Capitol Select on Ethics • commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on the investiga­ RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of Communications Subcommittee tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged each week. To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed abuse of certain financial reporting Any changes in committee scheduling Communications Act Amendments rules of the Senate. will be indicated by placement of an as­ and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica~ 1202 Dirksen Building terisk to the left of the name of the tions Competition and Deregulation 10:00 a.m. unit conducing such meetings. Act. Appropriations 235 Russell Building Interior Subcommittee Meeting schedule for Tuesday, May 8, Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on proposed budget 1979, may be found in the Daily Digest Business meeting on pending calendar estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Of today's RECORD. business. Department of Energy. MEETINGS SCHEDULED 3110 Dirksen Building 1223 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations Appropriations MAY 9 Transportation Subcommittee 8:00a.m. To hold hearings on the nominations of Lawrence A. Pezzullo, of Maryland, to To resume hearings on proposed budget Appropriations estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the District of Columbia Subcommittee. be Ambassador to Nicaragua, and Sal1y A. Shelton, of Texas, to be Ambassador Department of Transportation. To hold hearings on proposed budget 1224 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the to Barbados, to serve concurrently as Ambassador to Grenada and the Com­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Temporary Commission on Financial Business meeting, to mark up S. 914, Oversight of the Government of the monwealth of Dominica, and as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo­ 932, 903, 1000, and 1064, bills authoriz­ District of Columbia. tentiary to Saint Lucia, to be followed ing funds for fiscal year 1980 for rural 1114 Dirksen Building by consideration of these nominees housing programs, fiood insurance pro­ 9:00a.m . and Philip H. Alston, Jr., of Georgia, grams, and crime and riot insurance *Governmental ,Affairs Ambassador to Australia, to serve con­ programs. Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Fed­ currently as Ambassador to the Re­ 5302 Dirksen Building eral Services Subcommittee public of Nauru. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on the Federal 4221 Dirksen Building Business meeting on pending calendar Government's responsibility for radia­ Labor and Human Resources business. tion protection. Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 235 Russell Building 3302 Dirksen Building mittee Foreign Relations 9:30a.m. To hold oversight hearings on the To hold hearings on t he convention on Environment an.d Public Works National Academy of Science report on the Prohibition of Military or Any To continue zrarkup of pending calendar saccharin and food policy programs. Other Hostile Use of Environmental business. · 4232 Dirksen Building Modification Techniques (Exec. K, 4200 Dirksen Building Rules and Administration 95th Cong., 2d sess.) . Judiciary 4221 Dirksen Building Improvements in Judicial Machinery Sub­ To hold hearings on the nominations of committee Thomas E. Harris, of Virginia, and *Governmental Affairs Frank P. Reiche, of New Jersey, each Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal To resume hearings on S. 677 and 678, to provide for improvements in the struc­ to be a Member of the Federal Election Services Subcommittee Commission, to be followed by con­ To cont inue hearings on the Federal ture and actmlnlstratlon of the Fed­ sideration of legislative and adminis­ Government's responsibility for radia­ eral Court system. trative business. tion protection. 2228 Dirksen Building 301 Russell Building 357 Russell Building 10182 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 7, 1979 Judiciary Select on Small Business Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings on proposed legislation To resume hearings on the effect of Gov­ Business meeting to mark up S. 209, to relative to regulatory reform. ernment regulations on the production provide for the establishment and im­ 2228 Dirksen Building and utilization of coal. plementation of Federal laws relating •Judiciary 6226 Dirksen Building to the regulation of employee benefit To resume hearings on S. 961, proposed 10:00 a.m. plans. Speedy Trial Act Amendments Act. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 4232 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building To receive testimony on S. 85 and 353, 10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. bills to strengthen the ability of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Appropriations Federal Reserve Board, focusing today To hold oversight hearings on the status Military Construction Subcommittee on the need for reserve requirements of conserving the salmon and steel­ To hold hearings to examine the cost for the conduct of monetary policy. head fish stocks in the State of Wash­ factors involved in closing and/or 5302 Dirks-en Building ington. moving certain military installations. 235 Russell Bullding 1114 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources 2:00p.m. Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Energy and Natural Resources Appropriations mittee Business meeting on pending calendar Military Construction Subcommittee To hold hearings on the roles of women business. To continue hearings to examine the in health and science. 3110 Dirksen Building cost factors involved in closing and/or 4232 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs moving certain military installations. •MAY 15 To resume hearings on S. 262 and 755, 1114 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. bllls to require that all Federal agen­ •commerce, Science, and Transportation Judiciary cies conduct a regulatory analysis be­ Communications Subcommittee Business meeting to mark up S. 390, to fore issuing regulations, and to require To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed expedite and reduce the cost of en­ the use of less time consuming pro­ Communications Act Amendments, forcing existing antitrust laws. cedures to decide cases. and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ 2228 Dirksen Building 3302 Dirksen Building tions Competition and Deregulation Judiciary 11:00 a.m. Act. Antitrust, Monopoly, and Business Rights Select on Small Business 235 Russell Building Subcommittee To hold hearings on the nomination of 2:30p.m. To hold hearings on S. 334, to provide Paul R. Boucher, to be Inspector Gen­ Governmental Affairs regulation of certain anticompetitive eral, Small Business Administration. Governmental Efficiency and the District developments in the agricultural in­ 424 Russell Bullding of Columbia Subcommittee dustry. 2:00p.m. 318 Russell Building To hold hearings on proposed reform of Energy and Natural Resources the pension systems for the District of Select on Indian Affairs Parks, Recreation, and Renewable Re­ To hold hearings on S. 751, to provide for Columbia's police officers, firefighters, sources Subcommittee teachers, and judges. the relocation of the Navajo and the S-146, Capitol Hopi Indians. To hold oversight hearings in the imple­ MAY 11 1202 Dirksen Building mentation of the National Forest 9:30a.m. Select on Small Business Management Act. Finance To continue hearings on the effect of 3110 Dirksen Bullding Energy and Foundations Subcommittee Government regulations on the pro­ Labor and Human Resources To resume oversight hearings on the im­ duction and utilization of coal. Health and Scientific Research plementation of the energy taxation 4232 Dirksen Bullding To resume mark up of S. 570, to control policy for tax proposals relating to en­ 10:00 a.m. increases in hospital revenues (hos­ ergy production. Appropriations pital cost containment). 2221 Dirksen Building Interior Subcommittee 4232 Dirksen Bullding 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed Select on Ethics Appropriations budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 Transportation Subcommittee To resume hearings on the investigation for the Smithsonian Institution. of Senator Talmadge's alleged abuse To resume hearings on proposed budget 1223 Dirksen Building of certain financial reporting rules of estimates for fiscal year 1980 for AM­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs TRAK. the Senate. To hold joint hearings with the Com­ 6226 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building mittee on Governmental Affairs on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs S. 332, proposed Consolidated Banking MAY 17 Business meeting, to mark up pending Regulation Act. 9:00a.m. calendar business. 3302 Dirksen Building Judiciary 5302 Dirksen Building Governmental Affairs Antitrust, Monopoly and Business Rights •commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold joint hearings with the Com­ Subcommittee Communications Subcommittee mittee on Banking, Housing, and Ur­ To resume hearings on S. 600, to preserve To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed ban Affairs on S. 332, proposed Con­ the diversity and independence of Communications Act Amendments, solidated Banking Regulation Act. American business. and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ 3302 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building tions Competition and Deregulation Judiciary 10:00 a.m. Act. To resume hearings on S. 382, to Appropriations 235 Russell Building strengthen and fac111tate implementa­ Transportation Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources tion of antitrust and procompetitive To resume hearings on proposed budget Business meeting on pending calendar policies of the Federal Government estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the business. and to Increase competition in regu­ Department of Transportation. 3110 Dirksen Building lated industries. 1224 Dirksen Bullding 2:00p.m. 2228 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation MAY 16 Business meeting on pending calendar Communications Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. business. To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed Governmental Affairs 3110 Dirksen Building Communications Act Amer... dments, Civil Services and General Services Sub­ Labor and Human Resources committee and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ tions Competition and. Deregulation To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ Act. mittee ties of the Former Presidents Act and To hold hearings on proposed legislation 235 Russell Building the Presidential Transition Act. to investigate drug reform programs. MAY 14 4200 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. Judiciary 4232 Dirksen Bulldlng Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on the nominations 2:00p.m. To hold hearings on s. 968, to expedite or Frank M. Johnson, Jr., of Alabama, Approprlaltlons processing of applications from Mid­ to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Fifth Transportation Subcommittee western residential, agricultural, and Circuit Court of Appeals, and Dolores To resume hearings on proposed budget industrial consumers for crude oil K. Sloviter, of Pennsylvania, to be U.S. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the transportation systems. Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit. Department of Transportation. 3110 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building May 7, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 10183

MAY 18 Environment and Public Works JUNE 7 9:00a.m. Environmental Pollution Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. Finance To hold oversight hearings to explore the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Taxation and Debt Management Generally status of efforts by the Environmental Surface Transportation Subcommittee Subcommittee Protection Agency and Department of To continue hearings on S. 796, proposed To hold hearings on S. 100, to provide Justice to enforce Federal environ­ Railroad. Deregulation Act. a deduction for expenses incurred by mental requirements. 235 Russell Building the replanting of trees by the timber 4200 Dirksen Building JUNE 12 industry and environmental groups, Labor and Human Resources and S. 394, to provide that certain au­ 9:00a.m. Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ •veterans' Affairs thors and artists be considered em­ mittee To hold hearings on S. 689, proposed ployees of certain corporations under To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ Veterans' Disability Compensation and specified contracts. mentation of mental health policy Survivor Benefits Act. 2221 Dirksen Building programs. 6226 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. 4232 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources MAY 24 JUNE 19 Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 9:30a.m. 10:00 a.m. mittee Energy and Natural Resources Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on proposed legis­ To continue hearings on S. 885, proposed To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ lation 11;o investigate drug reform pro­ Pacific Northwest Electric Power Plan­ ties of programs administered by the grams. ning and Conservation Act. Surface Mining Control and Reclama­ 4232 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building tion Act of 1977. Judiciary 3110 Dirksen Building MAY 21 Constitution Subcommittee JUNE 20 9:30 a.m. To resume hearings on S. 506, proposed 9:00a.m. Energy and Natural Resources Fair Housing Amendments Act. •veterans' Affairs Energy Regulation Subcommittee 2228 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 759, to provide To receive testimony from o11icials of the Labor and Human Resources for right of the United States to re­ Department of Energy and certain oil To hold oversight hearings on the im­ cover the costs of hospital nursing companies on the supply situation of plementation of farm workers' collec­ home or outpatient medical care fur­ diesel fuel, gasoline and heating oil, tive bargaining programs. nished by the Veterans' Administration both nationally and regionally. 4232 Dirksen Building to veterans for non-service-connected 3110 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. disabil1ties to the extent that they 10:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs have health insurance or similar con­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on S. 35, to amend the tracts. Surface Transportation Subcommittee Credit Control Act. 6226 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the im­ 5302 Dirksen Building plementation of the Milwaukee rail­ JUNE 21 Environment and Public Works 10:00 a.m. road system. Environmental Pollution Subcommittee 235 Russell Building Energy and Natural Resources To continue oversight hearings to ex­ To resume oversight hearings on the ac­ 2:30p.m. plore the status of efforts by the En­ tivities of programs administered by Finance vironmental Protection Agency and the Surface Mining Control and Rec­ Health Subcommittee Department of Justice to enforce Fed­ lamation Act of 1977. To hold hearings on the provisions of eral environmental requirements. 3110 Dirksen Building home health benefits under the Medi­ 4200 Dirksen Building care and Medicaid programs. •Labor and Human Resources JULY 12 2221 Dirksen Building Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 9:30a.m. mittee •veterans' Affairs MAY 22 To hold oversight hearings on the efforts 9:30a.m. To continue oversight hearings on the implementation of mental health made by the Veterans' Administration •Energy and Natural Resources policy programs. to provide information on benefits due To resume hearings on S. 685, proposed 5110 Dirksen Building incarcerated veterans. Nuclear Waste Polley Act. 6226 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building MAY 25 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. CANCELLATIONS Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce, Science, and Transportation MAY 9 To continue hearings on S. 35, to amend 10:00 a.m. Surface Transportation Subcommittee the Credit Control Act. To resume hearings on S. 796, proposed Finance 5302 Dirksen Building To continue markup of S. 570, to estab­ Railroad Deregulation Act. Joint Economic 235 Russell Building lish a system of stand-by percentage To resume hearings on the Consumer limitations on allowable rates of in­ Select on Small Business Price Index figures, and on inflation­ creases in hospital revenues (Hospital To hold hearings on the availability of ary trends. cost Containment). investment capital to small businesses. 345 Cannon Building 2221 Dirksen Building 424 Russell Building JUNE 1 10:00 a.m. MAY 10 MAY 23 Joint Economic 10:00 a.m. 8:00a.m. To hold hearings on the employment­ Finance •veterans' Affairs unemployment situation for May. To continue markup of S. 570, to estab­ lish a system of stand-by percentage To hold oversight hearings on employ­ 5110 Dirksen Building ment programs administered by the limitations on allowable rates of in­ JUNE 6 creases in hospital revenues (Hospital Department of Labor. 9:30 a.m. 6226 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs Cost Containment). 2221 Dirksen Building 9:30 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 870, proposed Energy and Natural Resources GI BlU Amendments Act, S. 830, to MAY 15 To hold hearings on S. 885, proposed Pa­ eliminate the State's required pay­ 2:30p.m. cific Northwest Electric Power Plan­ ment in the educational assistance Select on Intelligence ning and Conservation Act. allowance program provided for vet­ To receive testimony on alleged Soviet 3110 Dirksen Building erans, and S. 881, to provide for the electronic surveillance in the United 10:00 a.m. protection of certain OHicers and em­ States. ployees of the VA assigned to perform 5110 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs investigative or law enforcement func­ To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ tions. MAY 16 ties of the banking system. 6226 Dirk.sen Building 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Labor and Human Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation Commerce, Science, and Transportation Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Surface Transportation Subcommittee Surface Transportation Subcommittee mittee To continue hearings on S. 796, pro­ To resume hearings on s . 796, proposed To resume hearings on the roles of posed Rallroad Deregulation Act. Railroad Deregulation Act. women in health and science. 235 Russell Building 235 Russell Building 4232 Dirksen Building