Kavli IPMU Kavli Annual Report 2016 Annual pril 2017 2016–March A April 2016–March 2017 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study Kavli IPMU The University of Tokyo ANNUAL REPORT 2016 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan TEL: +81-4-7136-4940 FAX: +81-4-7136-4941 http://www.ipmu.jp/ ISSN 2187-7386 Printed in Japan Copyright © 2017 Kavli IPMU All rights reserved Editors: Tomiyoshi Haruyama (Chair), Chiaki Hikage Editing Staff: Shoko Ichikawa Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe UTIAS, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan Tel: +81-4-7136-4940 Fax: +81-4-7136-4941 http://www.ipmu.jp/ CONTENTS FOREWORD 2 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 NEWS&EVENTS 8 3 ORGANIZATION 10 4 STAFF 14 5 RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTS 20 5.1 Newly Discovered Strong Lenses in HSC Data ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 20 5.2 Rare B Decay Anomaly and U(1)(B−L)3 ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 21 5.3 Wonderful Compactifications of Moduli Spaces ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 22 5.4 The Search for CP Violation in Neutrino Oscillations at T2K and Beyond ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 23 5.5 First Public Data Released by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 26 5.6 Discovery of the Two Faint Satellites in the Milky Way by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 29 5.7 Splashback Radius: A Physical Boundary for Dark Matter Halos ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30 5.8 A Lefschetz Theorem for Overconvergent Isocrystals with Frobenius Structure ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 31 5.9 Time-Reversal Anomalies of Quantum Field Theories ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 32 5.10 Microlensing Constraints on Primordial Black Holes with the HSC Observation of M31 ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 33 5.11 Assembly of Massive Galaxy Traced by Extended Stellar Halo ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 34 6. AWARDS 36 7. CONFERENCES 38 7.1 PhyStat-n Workshop on Statistical Issues in Experimental Neutrino Physics ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 38 7.2 Higher Residue Week, 2016 ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 40 7.3 Lectures on Cosmology with Planck at IPMU ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 42 7.4 Matrix Factorization and Related Topics, 2016 ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 44 7.5 Statistics, Quantum Information, and Gravity ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 46 7.6 Workshop on Categorical and Analytic Invariants in Algebraic Geometry IV ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 48 7.7 Resurgence at Kavli IPMU ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 50 7.8 Conference “D-modules and Hodge Theory” ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 52 7.9 Conference: MEXT Scientific Research on Innovative Area “Why Does the Universe Accelerate? – Exhaustive Study and Challenges for the Future –” ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 54 7.10 Workshop “Mathematics and Superstring Theory” ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 56 8. SEMINARS 58 9. VISITORS 64 10.PUBLICATIONS 78 11.PREPRINTS 104 12.CONFERENCEPRESENTATIONSANDSEMINARTALKS 114 13.OUTREACHANDPUBLICRELATIONS 120 Kavli IPMU IPMU Kavli Annual Report 2016 Annual April 2016–March 2017 On the cover: A color composite image in the g, r and i bands of a small piece of the COSMOS field, as imaged by the Hyper Suprime-Cam. This image contains April 2016–March 2017 thousands of galaxies as faint as 27 th magnitude. The galaxies are seen at such large Kavli IPMU ANNUAL REPORT 2016 distances that the light from them has taken billions of years to reach us. The light from the faintest galaxies was emitted when the universe was less than 10 % of its present age. (Credit: Princeton University/HSC Project) ForeR wO d Hitoshi Murayama Director ’m amazed. This annual report covers our activity through the Japanese Fiscal Year 2016, and the WPI funding was supposed to be finished on March 31, 2017. Then why haven’t we disappeared from the map by now? I Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe was launched on October 1, 2007. The WPI funding was promised for nine and a half years. We started to recruit very best scientists with the fear that they may all leave well before the end of this period. It is a culmination of many forces and sheer luck that got us through these years and beyond. Kenzo Nakamura was just about to retire from KEK, and agreed to come as the Administrative Director on Octo- ber 16. He was IPMU Employee #1. Since then, he started to assemble a team of competent staff, to get ready for the anticipated arrival of many scientists, with a large fraction from other countries. All the PIs worked hard to advertise the new institute and announced a large number of available positions. At the same time, many of our research projects, most notably Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru telescope, were started but constrained by funding. I began my appointment only on January 1, 2008 because of my duties in Berkeley which I had com- plete. Kenzo worked out my appointment which was approved only a few days before my arrival. 2 KavliIPMU Annual Report 2016 Foreword Many young faculty started to arrive soon, mostly Japanese at the beginning. Kenzo and I worked on our staff to change their mindset from the traditional system to a new open and forward-looking system. Surprisingly, they were very eager to tackle new challenges. Soon enough, the web site our staff put together received President’s award, the first recognition by the University that IPMU is off to something good. Yet when the first batch of young international postdocs started to arrive in fall 2008, it was quite a bit of chaos and trial and errors. Thanks to dedication of our staff, we managed to create a system that supports international scientists very well so that they could kickstart their research soon after they arrived. Vast majority of the initial postdocs are already on faculty positions elsewhere in the world because of their great research accomplishments at IPMU. Given their success, IPMU started to become known to the world, and more people came for workshops and appointments. We started to attract international faculty members. The building momentum caught the attention of the University administration, and they created Todai Institutes for Advanced Study (TODIAS) to house IPMU, later renamed as UTokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS). It was originally meant to be purely organizational issue, but it turned out to have critical importance later. Thanks to the wise decision by Executive Vice President Nishio, we could build our wonderful building by bor- rowing money from ten-years of overhead up front. Thanks to strong support by Executive Vice President Oka- mura, we could launch daily tea time, and create flexible appointment system. Thanks to then-Presidents Komi- yama and Hamada, we started to obtain permanent positions, despite the fixed-term nature of funding. Kavli Foundation observed this development, and decided to make IPMU the first Kavli Institute in Japan; actually the first institute in Japan named after any donor, not to even speak of an international donor. It broke a new ground, and gave us a greater visibility. IPMU became Kavli IPMU in 2012. The Foundation intended to make this happen earlier, but was delayed by Lehman shock in 2008. Yet Lehman shock helped. It prompted the Japanese government to create economic stimulus package, which included large funding called FIRST to 30 individuals. For a sheer luck, I managed to get one approved, without which the current major project Hyper Suprime-Cam would not have been completed, nor the next major project Prime Focus Spectrograph launched. We were very keen on public outreach from the onset, because of our sense of our obligation to bring back the research products to who paid for them, namely the general public. Unexpectedly, it created a strong public support to Kavli IPMU, by being volunteers, providing donations, and just being fans. All of them combined, we received the top mark from the interim review on Dec 2012. Mr. Towatari, then a high-ranking official at MEXT, suggested that we should go after permanent funding that goes beyond WPI. TODIAS framework gave us right to put forward a budget request. It took several years to materialize, but with- out his suggestion, we would not have put in such a request. It started to produce permanent funding so that Kavli IPMU could go on beyond the WPI funding. In the mean time, our scientists kept producing world class research as we have shown in the annual reports the last nine times. Then in October 2015, we overjoyed when one of our PIs, Takaaki Kajita, was announced to received Nobel Prize in Physics! If we had missed any one of them above, we would not be here today. KavliIPMU Annual Report 2016 3 1INTRODUCTION he Kavli IPMU marks the 10th year since it was estab- quantum field theories