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Die Geologie Van Die Gebied Tussen Bredasdorp En Gansbaai

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Die Geologie Van Die Gebied Tussen Bredasdorp En Gansbaai REPUBLIEK VAN SUID-AFRIKA REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTEMENT VAN MYNWESE DEPARTMENT OF MINES GEOLOGIESE OPNAME GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIE GEOLOGIE VAN DIE GEBIED TUSSEN BREDASDORP EN GANSBAAI TOELIGTING VAN BLAAIE 3419C EN 3419D (GANSBAAI) EN 3420C (BREDASDORP) deur J. J. Spies, M.Sc., L. N. J. Engelbrecht, B.Sc., S. J. Malherbe, B.Sc. (Hons.) en J. J. Viljoen, B.Sc. With a summary in English entitled: THE GEOLOGY OF THE AREA BETWEEN BREDASDORP AND GANSBAAI KOPIEREG VOORBEHOU/COPYRIGHT RESERVED 1963 Gedruk deur en verkrygbaar Printed by and obtainable from van die Staatsdrukker. Bosman­ the Government' Printer, Bos­ straat, Pretoria. man Street, Pretoria. Geo!ogiese kaart in kleur op 'n Geological map in coiour on a skaal van I : 125,000 apart ver· scale of I : [25,OJO obtainable krygbaar teen 60c. separately at 60c. 27 . Die lewering per jaar is tans sowat 6,000 sak (200 lb. per sak) maar dit kan tot minstens 30,000 sak verhoog word. Om die raping te bespoedig en die lewering meer te bestendig, is reeds keerwaIIe om die pan gemaak om vloedwater uit te hou; 'n pad van houtpale is in die pan gebou waarop trekkers kan loop; afsluitwaIIetjies is in die vlakste deel van die pan gemaak; en sementkondenseerdamme en houttorings, waaroor die pekel gepomp word om verdamping aan te help, is langs die pan opgerig. 'n Pan van 14 morg op Rhenoster Kop (B. 3) Ie 45 voet bo seevlak. Instroming van reenwater het die pan so uitgevars dat daar in 1950 laaste sowat 150 sak sout geraap is. 'n Paar klein pannetjies op hierdie plaas lewer so 'n paar sak per jaar. Rondepan (A. 3) sowat 9 myI suidwes van Bredasdorp op die plaas Zand Vlakte het sedert 1955 geen sout opgelewer nie, omdat daar te veel reenwater ingeloop het. Die gemiddelde lewering was altyd omtrent 600 sak per jaar en as die stormwater daaruit gehou word, kan dit 2,000 sak per jaar lewer. Op Riet Fontein (A. 2-3) is twee panne met onreelmatige lewerings. Melkbospan is 48 morg groot en Ie 65 voet bo seevlak; sy waterdiepte na die reenseisoen is 2 vt. 4 dm. en die gemiddelde lewering 500 sak per jaar. Vir Vispan is die ooreenstemmende syfers 65 morg, 35 voet bo seevlak, 1 vt. 3 dm. water, en 1,500 sak per jaar. Soos uit newegaande waterontIedings blyk, is daar nog meer panne waaruit sout moontIik gemaak kan word. G. BOUKLIP EN BETONAGGREGAAT Sandsteen van die Serie Tafelberg en uitgesoekte, harde kalksteen van die Bredasdorplae word op klein skaal vir boudoeleindes gebruik. Na bewering is die harde, verkieselde sand van die Bredasdorplae, wat naby die kalksteengroef van The Piquet berg and Bredasdorp Lime Works (Pty.) Ltd. op die meent van Bredasdorp voorkom, besonder geskik vir beton­ aggregaat. Die matel"iaal word op redelike groot skaal gedelf en tot die verlangde grootte vergruis. Die voorkoms is gerieflik naby die stasie gelee. H. PAD GRUIS Vir die bou van gruispaaie in hierdie gebied word gebruik gemaak van ferrikreetagtige verweringsprodukte van verskillende formasies, ver­ weerde Bokkeveldskalie en verweerde Bredasdorpkalksteen. Oop delf­ plekke is op verskeie plekke langs die paaie te sien, o.a. op die dorpsgrond suid van Bredasdorp, op Sandhoogte (A. 4) langs die pad na Agulhas, en op Die Hoogte (A. 4) langs die pad na Waenhuiskrans. Vir die bou van teerpaaie word kwartsiet van die Serie Tafelberg ge­ bruik. Op Kliprug (A. 4) is sulke materiaal in oop groewe gedelf en tot die verlangde grootte vergruis. X. WATERVOORRADE Die gebied is goed bedeel met watervoorrade bogronds en ondergronds. Baie van die grootste riviere is standhoudend en ander vloei vir maande aaneen gedurende die reenseisoen. Riviere wat nie in die droe seisoen vloei nie en slegs poele water bevat, word dan brak omdat sout water wat uit die Bokkeveldgesteentes syfer, die vars water van die riviere ontsuiwer. 28 Die groot panne en vleie dien ook as opgaarplekke vir reen- en afioop­ water. Gehalte en hoeveelheid wissel natuurlik baie af na gelang van reen­ val, ligging en grootte, en die aard van die onderliggende formasies. Op die Serie Tafelberg is daar baie fonteine en syferings. Hulle lewerings neem gewoonlik af in die somer en die swakkes mag selfs tydelik opdroog. Die water is vars. Besonder sterk fonteine kom veral in die omgewing van Viljoenshof (A. 2) voor. In die noordwestelike deel van Waagschaal (A. 3) en op die aangrensende plase kom soveel sterk fonteine voor dat daar ook met die water besproei word. Die fonteine in die Serie Tafelberg staan gewoonlik in verband met een of ander struktuur soos nate en laagvlakke. Op Boskloof (A. 3) sypel baie water uit 'n verskuiwingsone. Die groot aantal fonteine op Waagschaal en Modder Valley (A. 3) is gelee op 'n antiklinale neus. In enkele gevalle is die fonteine ook gelee op die boonste kontak van die hoofskalieband en op die onderste kontak van die serie met die Formasie Malmesbury. Die Bredasdorplae in die westelike helfte van die gebied is eweneens goed bedeel met fonteine. Daar is talle sterk kontakfonteine waar die kalk­ steen op die Tafelbergsandsteen rus, onder andere op Helderfontein (A. 1) en Adams Bos (A. 1). Tussen Gansbaai en Die Kelders is enkeles wat skaars bokant hoogwatermerk gelee is. Die wat Gansbaai voorsien, lewer 4,500 gelling per uur, en die fonteine by Die Ke1ders lewer 300,000 gelling per dag. Tussen die Boesmans- en die Haelkraalrivier en ook wes van Zoetanysberg is etlike sterk fonteine in die Bredasdorplae waar die binne­ landse perk van die kusvlakte of hoogste marineterras daarin uitgekerf is. Die fonteine op Groot Hagel Kraal (A. 2) wat die strandoord Pearly Beach van water voorsien, lewer saam meer as 1 miljoen gelling per dag. 'n Besondere sterk fontein kom ook in die Bredasdorplae voor in die Karsrivier op Bodrif (A. 4). Origens is daar slegs enkele swak fonteine in hierdie gesteentes in die oostelike deel van die gebied. Die water uit die Bredasdorp­ lae is vars maar bevat natuurlik in meerdere of mindere mate kalk en sal dus van wisselende hardheid wees. Op enkele plekke langs die kus, soos by Die Dam (B. 2), is swak fonteine in die duinsand. Die water smaak vars. In die westelike helfte van die gebied is slegs enkele boorgate maar in die oostelike helfte is tans meer as 200 (1960); dit is veral op die kusvlakte oos en suid van Bredasdorp waar die boere hoofsaaklik van boorgatwater afhanklik is. In die Serie Tafelberg is maar enkele boorgate. Hulle varieer van 100 tot 180 voet diep en lewer val'S water. Ben op die meent van Bredasdorp met 'n diepte van 180 voet is artesies maar het nie 'n groot vloeilewering nie. BOOl'gate wat slegs in die Bokkeveldgesteentes gemaak is, het die swakste gehalte water. Op Good Hope (A. 4), noordoos van Bredasdorp, lewer so 'n gat water wat feitlik onbruikbaar sout is. Op die kusvlakte gaan merendeel boorgate deur wisselende diktes van Bredasdorplae of verweerde gesteentes voor dit die vars Bokkeveldgesteentes tref. Die gehalte van die water varieer dus baie: Hoe meer Bokkeveldlae deurgeboor is, hoe brakker of souter is die water en hoe meer van die ander formasies, hoe beter is die gehalte. Die water uit boorgate wat slegs in die Bredasdorplae geboor is, is soetbrak en heeltemal geskik vir menslike gebruik; die water bevat kalk en is hard maar smaak nie sout nie. 'n Goeie voorbeeld is die drie boorgate wat die dorpie Agulhas van water voorsien. 29 Die watcrtafel op die kusvlakte is redelik vlak en die meerderheidboor­ gate is minder as 100 voet diep. Die meeste word beskryf as "sterk", maar presiese lewerings is meesal nie bekend nie. Geen opgedroogde boorgate is aangetref nie. Ondergrondse water is blykbaar volop enaanvulling gedurende die reenseisoen moet goed wees. Een boorgat in Bredasdorplae op Klip Fonteyn wat die strandoord Kleinbaai (A. 1) voorsien, is 127 yoet diep. Die rushoogtc van die water is op 40 voet en die lewering 2,000 gelling per ullr. 'n Put elf voet diep in die Bredasdorplae op Heidehof (A. 2) lewer 80 gelling per uur en 'n fonteintjie naby die put net soveel 30 THE GEOLOGY OF THE AREA BETWEEN BREDASDORP AND GANSBAAI . SUMMARY IN ENGLISH By H. N. Visser, B. Sc., Ph. D. INTRODUCTION The area is 976 square miles* in extent and bounded by south latitude 34° 30', the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans. It is entirely rural but fairly densely populated. Farm produce consists mainly of wool and grain. Fishing is the main livelihood of some communities along the coast. The area is well served by main and secondary roads. It was geologically surveyed at the beginning of the century and in 1948 portions were investi­ gated by post-graduate students of the University of Cape Towll. PHYSIOGRAPHY The Table Mountain Series builds mountain ranges with maximum heights of 1,700 to 2,150 feett as well as slightly mountainous terrain with elevations of 800 to 1,000 feet above sea-level. A small area of Bokkeveld beds north of Bredasdorp forms part of the the undulating Ruensveld. Elsewhere the Bokkeveld and the Malmesbury strata underlie fiat to slightly undulating plains. The Indian Ocean has many miles of continuous sandy beach and is flanked by a narrow strip qf sand-dunes. Along the Atlantic Ocean a rugged, rocky coast is alternated by strips of sandy beach; sand-dunes occur in strips and patches of varying length and width. A marine terrace with maximum height of 20 feet is preserved at various places along the coast. A higher terrace with its inner margin at 100 to 150 feet above sea-level extends right round the coast with a breadth varying from less than one to more than ten miles.
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