Tribe Cicereae

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (Vascular ) Superdivision: Spermatophyta (Seed plants) Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) Class: Rosopsida Batsch, 1788 Subclass: Rosidae Takht., 1967 SuperOrder: Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Reveal, 1993 Order: Family: o Papilionacee Subfamily: o Papilionoideae Tribe: Cicereae Aleféld.

Fruit a legume; unilocular; 1.8–3.6; 0.7–2 cm; with deciduous calyx; without orifice formed by curving of fruit or fruit segments; straight; not plicate; not twisted; symmetrical; elliptic to oblong to obovate to rhombic (elongate); not inflated; terete; without beak; short tapered at apex; apex aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; short tapered at base; base aligned with longitudinal axis of fruit; with the apex and base uniform in texture; membranous; seed chambers externally invisible. Fruit margin not constricted; without sulcus; plain. Fruit wings absent. Fruit nonstipitate. Fruit with all layers dehiscing; splitting along sutures. Dehiscence of valves along both sutures; apical and down; active or passive; with valves twisting. Replum invisible. Epicarp dull; monochrome; brown or yellow (-brown); glabrous or pubescent and indurate; with 1 type of pubescence; pilose; with pubescence gray; with pubescence uniformly distributed; with simple hairs; pliable; with hair bases plain; glandular or eglandular; with glandular hairs; without spines; not smooth; with elevated features; obliquely veined relative to fruit length; not tuberculate; not exfoliating; without cracks. Mesocarp thin; 1-layered; without balsamic vesicles; without fibers; solid; coriaceous. Endocarp glossy; monochrome; tan; smooth; nonseptate; chartaceous; not exfoliating; remaining fused to mesocarp and epicarp; entire. Seeds 1–2(–7); touching, or neither overlapping nor touching; in 1 series. Funiculus measured; 1.5 mm long; of 1 length only; thick; straight. Aril absent. Seed 4–11; 2.5–9; 3–7 mm; overgrown, 1 seed filling entire fruit cavity; angular or not angular; asymmetrical; ovate or bilobed, ramshead-shaped (typically beaked); terete to quadrangular; with surface grooved; with grooves longitudinal; with or without visible radicle and cotyledon lobes; without umbo on seed faces. Testa not adhering to endocarp; dull; not modified by a bloom; colored or clear (C. arietinum) ; monochrome or mottled; with frequent mottles; black, brown, cream, gray, green, ivory, olive, orange (yellowish), pink (gray-brown), red, tan, white, or yellow; glabrous; smooth or not smooth; with elevated features; shagreen, tuberculate, warty, wrinkled, or echinate; coriaceous. Fracture lines absent. Rim absent. Raphe from lens to base of seed and bifurcating (C. arietinum); bifurcating at base of seed with each arm going up antiraphe side, then turning (U-shaped) down and approaching bifurcation; color of or darker than testa; tan, brown, or black; flush or recessed. Hilum visible; with faboid split; with the lips of the faboid split the same color as the rest of the hilum; larger than punctiform; 0.5–1.7 mm long; with curved outline; circular or elliptic; marginal according to radicle tip or between cotyledon and radicle lobe; recessed; within rim or not within corona, halo, or rim. Hilum rim color lighter than or color of testa. Lens discernible; equal to or greater than 0.5 mm in length; 2 mm long; with margins straight or curved; triangular; elliptic; not in groove of raphe; adjacent to hilum; 1.5–2 mm from hilum; mounded or recessed; same color as or dissimilar color from testa; darker than testa; red; not within corona, halo, or rim. Endosperm thin; covering entire embryo; adnate to testa. Cotyledons smooth or not smooth; wrinkled (replicating testa surface); both outer faces convex; both the same thickness; both more or less of equal length; not folded; margin entire 180 degrees from base of radicle; similar at apex; partially concealing radicle; split over radicle; with lobes; with lobes touching (auriculate); with basal groin formed by lobes; with the interface division terminating at base of radicle; without margins recessed; white; inner face flat; glabrous around base of radicle. Embryonic axis straight, or deflexed; parallel or oblique to length of seed. Radicle linear; lobe tip straight or curved; straight with embryonic axis or oblique to cotyledons; centered between cotyledons; less than 1/2 length of cotyledons. Plumule well developed; glabrous.

Distribution: Turkey south to Israel and east to the Himalayas and Central Asia; also in Morocco, Egypt, Ethiopia, Greece, and Crete. Cicer arietinum is widely cultivated.

Notes: After a cladistic analysis using morphological characters, including internal seed morphology, Endo and Ohashi (1997) proposed that Cicereae and form a monophyletic group whose sister group is Trifolieae . Van der Maesen (1972, 1987) monographed Cicer. Lersten and Gunn (1981, 1982) discussed the seed morphology and testa topography of Cicer species, which supported the separation of Cicereae from the Fabeae (Werker, 1997). Following traditions in the Indian subcontinent, Summerfield and Roberts (1985) recognized two groups for the guidance of breeders: a) genotypes producing large, rounded, pale cream-colored seeds (greater than 25 g per 100 seeds) borne on tall plants (Kabuli), and b) genotypes producing smaller irregularly shaped, variously-colored seeds (less than 25 g per 100 seeds) borne on relatively short to prostrate plants.

In synthesis the Cicereae tribe has the following caratteristics: Herbs annual or perennial, glandular hairy. Leaves imparipinnate with rachis terminating in a leaflet, or paripinnate with rachis terminating in a tendril; stipules toothed at margin; leaflets 3 to many, margin serrate. Inflorescence axillary, a 2–5-flowered raceme or solitary flower. Calyx somewhat gibbous at base, 5-toothed; teeth equal or unequal. Stamens diadelphous. Style curved, glabrous. Legume inflated, 1–10-seeded, glandular hairy. Seeds subspheroid, beaked. One and ca. 43 species: Mediterranean region to C Asia, extending to the Canary Islands and NE tropical Africa, one species widely cultivated; two species (one introduced) in China.

Over the tribe Cicereae , other belonging tribes to the subfamily Faboideae are: 2  Abreae : or shrublets, often climbing. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets many paired; rachis terminated by a bristle; stipels absent. Racemes terminal or subterminal. Flowers fasciculate on rachis. Calyx truncate with short teeth. Corolla papilionaceous, claw of standard ± adnate to staminal sheath. Stamens 9; filaments connate into a sheath split above (adaxially); vexillary stamen absent; anthers uniform. Ovary with numerous ovules; style glabrous. Legumes compressed, 2-valved, subseptate but not breaking up into separate joints. Seeds subglobose or ellipsoid, shiny, sometimes brightly colored. One genus and 17 species: one in SW Asia, two in tropical Asia, one in Africa and Asia, seven in Africa only, five in Madagascar, and one pantropical; two species are indicated: A. precatorius L., 1767 (Seeds conspicuously glossy black and red, subglobose; legume 2–3.5 cm, apex emarginate below style) and A. pulchellus Wallich ex Thwaites, 1859 (Seeds uniformly dark brown to almost black, compressed; legume (3–)5–6.5 cm, apex slightly acuminate).  Acacieae : Trees, shrubs, or lianas, armed or unarmed. Stipules spinescent or not. Leaves bipinnate or modified to phyllodes by dilation of petiole and proximal part of rachis; extrafloral nectaries usually present on petiole and rachis or absent; leaflets opposite, sessile or shortly stalked. Inflorescences consisting of pedunculate heads or spikes borne in axillary clusters or aggregated into terminal panicles. Flowers bisexual, or male and bisexual, tetra- or pentamerous, uniform. Sepals connate, valvate. Petals valvate, rarely absent. Stamens numerous, exserted; filaments free or connate at base; anthers glandular or not. Ovary sessile or stipitate; ovules many or 2 rows; style filiform; stigma capitate, small. Legume extremely variable, dehiscent or indehiscent; endocarp not separated from exocarp, not forming envelope around each seed. Seeds usually elliptic to oblong, ± flattened, with a hard blackbrown testa with pleurogram, wingless; aril usually absent, but present in some phyllodic species. One genus recognized here and ca. 1,450 species: distributed in the tropics and subtropics, especially Africa and Australia; 18 species (three endemic, seven introduced) in China.  Adesmieae :  Aeschynomeneae : Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely small trees, sometimes glandular with pellucid punctate or with tuberculate-based hairs. Leaves pari- or imparipinnate; leaflets usually 5 to many, sometimes 1–4, alternate or opposite; stipules sometimes appendiculate below point of attachment, sometimes spinescent; stipels usually absent. Inflorescences racemose or sometimes paniculate, fasciculate, or subcymose, or flowers solitary, axillary or terminal; bracts similar to stipules or large and circular, often enclosing flowers and fruit; bracteoles paired. Calyx campanulate with subequal lobes or teeth, or bilabiate. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens 10, usually monadelphous or diadelphous (5+5); anthers uniform or dimorphic. Legumes usually a loment or lomentaceous (except Arachis unjointed and geocarpic), usually straight or slightly curved, or sometimes coiled or plicate, enclosed in calyx. Seeds reniform; hilum short, lateral. About 23 genera ( Arthrocarpum I. B. Balfour and Pachecoa Standley & Steyermark have been merged into Chapmannia Torrey & A. Gray) and ca. 530 species: tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate areas; seven genera (three introduced) and 14 species (five introduced) in China. The circumscription adopted here follows V. E. Rudd’s revision of Aeschynomeneae (in R. M. Polhill & P. H. Raven, Advances Legume Syst. 1: 347–354. 1981). Recently, all members of Aeschynomeneae have been included in an enlarged sensu lato (Lavin & Klitgaard in Lewis et al ., Legumes World, 307–335, 2005). However, the two elements are so disparate morphologically that a conservative treatment has been adopted here, i.e., maintaining both tribes. The Aeschynomeneae contains members of economic importance. Notable among them is the worldwide crop Arachis hypogaea (peanut).  Amorpheae : Small trees, shrubs, or herbs, with glandular punctae or pustules. Leaves paripinnate, imparipinnate, or less often pinnately to digitately 3-foliolate or 1-foliolate; stipels sometimes 3 present. Flowers in racemes, spikes, or heads, terminating axis of origin (most becoming leaf- opposed). Calyx marcescent, upper lobes sometimes joined higher. Corolla papilionaceous, imperfect, or absent; lower petals often epistemonous, sometimes little differentiated. Stamens (5–)9 or 10, almost free to largely joined, usually monadelphous; anthers usually uniform, sometimes gland-tipped. Ovary 1- or 2(–7)-ovuled. Legumes 1-seeded, indehiscent, continuous with receptacle and falling together with marcescent calyx. Seeds with small hilum. Eight genera and 240–250 species: all native to the Americas; one species (introduced) in China. The Amorpheae was first thought to be most closely related to the , but both molecular and morphological analyses now place it as sister to the Dalbergioid clade (e.g., McMahon & Hufford, Amer. J. Bot. 91: 1219–1230. 2004).  Bossiaeeae :  :  Carmichaelieae :  Caesalpinieae : Leaves bipinnate or rarely pinnate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Receptacle discoid. Sepals (3–)5(or 6), inserted on margin of receptacle, often unequal, lowest larger, on outside, hooded or navicular. Petals usually 5, rarely 4, slightly unequal. Stamens (4–)10(–20), free, subequal; anthers basifixed or dorsifixed, opening by lateral slits. Ovary or ovary stipe inserted at base of receptacle; ovules 2 to numerous, rarely 1. About 55 genera and 420–450 species: distributed in the tropics and subtropics.  Cicereae : see up.  Cassieae : Leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate, rarely bipinnate. Flowers bisexual, polygamous, or plants dioecious, actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Receptacle cup-shaped. Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6, imbricate. Petals usually 5, sometimes 3, rarely absent. Stamens various in number, sometimes with staminodes; anthers basifixed, rarely dorsifixed, opening by apical pores or by lateral short slits. Ovary or ovary stipe inserted at base of receptacle, free; ovules 2 to numerous, rarely solitary. About 21 genera and 730–740 species: mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics; four genera and 21 species (15 introduced) in China.  Cercideae : Leaves alternate, simple, entire or 2-lobed, sometimes parted to base, divided and 2- foliolate. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual (polygamous or plants dioecious), slightly or conspicuously zygomorphic. Calyx entire, 5-toothed, spathaceous or valvately 2–5-lobed. Petals usually (2–)5(or 6), subequal to greatly unequal, free. Perfect stamens 10 or 2–9 reduced to staminodes; anthers dorsifixed, opening lengthwise or by apical pores. Ovary stipe free or adnate to receptacle; ovules 1 to numerous. Legumes flattened or turgid. About five genera and 320–350 species: four genera represented in tropical regions, one in temperate parts of the N Hemisphere; two genera and 52 species (28 endemic, two introduced) in China. The concept of the genus Bauhinia as presented here is adopted in the broadest sense.  Crotalarieae : Shrubs or herbs. Leaves generally digitately 3(–7)-foliolate, sometimes 1-foliolate or simple, usually pulvinate; stipels absent. Inflorescences terminal, ± leaf-opposed, or less often axillary, racemes or heads, sometimes flowers solitary or aggregated into leafy pseudoracemes. Calyx generally with 5 subequal lobes. Corolla papilionaceous; standard sometimes with basal calluslike appendages. Stamens all connate into a sheath split above; anthers generally dimorphic, alternately basifixed and dorsifixed. Ovary 2- to many ovuled; style bearded lengthwise or minutely ciliate on adaxial side. Legumes usually turgid or inflated, rarely compressed, 2-valved, continuous within. Seeds estrophiolate. Eleven genera and slightly more than 1,200 species: most diverse in S Africa where all but one N African genus occur, two genera extending east to China and one pantropical ( Crotalaria ); three genera (one introduced) and 44 species (nine endemic, seven introduced) in China.

4  Dalbergieae : Trees, shrubs, or lianas, with hard wood. Leaves pulvinate, mostly imparipinnate; stipels absent; leaflets 5 to numerous, alternate or opposite, rarely 1–3-foliolate. Flowers in racemes or panicles, small; bracts and bracteoles usually small and caducous, rarely persistent. Calyx 5-toothed, upper lobes joined higher, sometimes spathaceous, 2-lipped or subtruncate. Standard generally without calluses. Stamens all connate into a sheath split along upper (adaxial) side, or vexillary filament free or absent, or sheath split also on lower side forming two bundles; anthers uniform, dorsifixed, dehiscent by slits or by pores. Ovary sessile to long stipitate, 1- to few ovuled. Legumes with 1(to few) specialized indehiscent seed-chambers, winged, drupaceous or flat and curved, eglandular. Seeds 1–3, globose to oblong-reniform. About 26 genera (excluding genera of Aeschynomeneae ) and ca. 825 species: distributed in the tropics; two genera and 30 species (14 endemic, one introduced) in China.  : Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees or twining. Leaves pinnately 3(–9)-foliolate or 1- foliolate; stipules mostly striate; stipels present or sometimes absent. Flowers in terminal or axillary racemes or arranged into a panicle, rarely an umbel or fascicle. Calyx 4- or 5-toothed or 2-lipped. Wings equal to or exceeding keel and often adherent to it near base. Vexillary filament free or connate with others, sometimes forming a closed tube; anthers uniform. Legumes transversely jointed, sometimes of only 1 article, or rarely 2-valved. Seeds without a strophiole, rarely arillate. About 30 genera and 520–530 species: distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions, but extending into the cool-temperate and sub-boreal regions of E Asia and North America; 18 genera and 139 species (42 endemic, four introduced) in China.  Dipterygeae :  Detarieae : Leaves pinnate, sometimes only with 1 pair of leaflets or a single leaflet. Bracteoles caducous, imbricate or valvate, persistent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic to conspicuously zygomorphic. Receptacle shallowly cup-shaped or tubular. Sepals usually 4 or 5, often enclosing petals when flowers in bud. Petals absent to 5. Perfect stamens 2–10 or numerous; anthers basifixed or dorsifixed, opening by lateral slits, sometimes with staminodes. Ovary stipitate or sessile; stipe free or adnate to receptacle. About 80 genera and 730–770 species: distributed in tropical regions; six genera (three introduced) and ten species (two endemic, five introduced) in China.  Euchresteae : Shrubs. Leaves pulvinate, imparipinnate; stipules small, caducous; stipels absent. Inflorescences racemose. Calyx campanulate to tubular. Standard attenuate into a stalk; wings similar to keel. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary stamen free, remainder connate; anthers uniform, dorsifixed. Ovary long stipitate, often 2-ovuled. Legumes drupelike, bluish purple, indehiscent, 1- seeded. Testa membranous, adherent to fruit wall. One genus and about four species: Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; four species (one endemic) in China.  : Herbs or shrubs, with simple or T-shaped hairs; glands or glandular punctae sometimes present. Leaves epulvinate or pulvinus reduced, imparipinnate or paripinnate, with many opposite to irregularly arranged or rarely conjugate leaflets, rarely 1–3-foliolate; stipules free or adnate to petiole, estipellate. Flowers in axillary racemes, spikes, or rarely solitary. Calyx campanulate to tubular; standard clawed or narrowed to base; wings auriculate; keel blunt to apiculate. Stamens diadelphous, rarely monadelphous; anthers usually uniform, but slightly dimorphic and with confluent thecae in Glycyrrhiza. Ovary few to many ovuled (sometimes 1-seeded); style slender, bearded or not, with a terminal or lateral stigma. Legumes compressed, angled or inflated, sometimes with sutured margins intruded or longitudinally septate, occasionally torulose, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds oblong-reniform, estrophiolate. About 24 genera and 2900–3200 species: principally in Asia, Europe, and North America, but extending thinly in mountainous and/or drier places to S Africa, Australia, and temperate South America; 11 genera and 586 5 species (324 endemic, two introduced) in China. Galega officinalis Linnaeus (Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753), probably native to SW Asia (Caucasus), is cultivated in China.  : This tribe comprises 25 genera and 550–570 species, mainly distributed in Africa and Europe, but with most species of Lupinus in North and South America. The 13 Chinese species (in seven genera) are all introduced and cultivated, and the present authors are not aware of any among them having become naturalized. Therefore, full treatments are not provided here; instead there follow a synopsis and key to the genera and species.  : Herbs, shrublets, shrubs, or rarely small trees. Stipules often scarious, usually basally adnate to petiole and sometimes connate around stem. Leaves imparipinnate, paripinnate, 1- foliolate, or sometimes rachis reduced and apparently digitately compound; stipels absent; leaflets opposite, margin entire. Racemes axillary, sometimes shortened and apparently fasciculate or reduced to a solitary flower; bract and bracteoles small. Corolla marcescent or deciduous; standard generally narrowed to a short claw; wings sometimes very reduced; keel with leading edge ± truncate. Stamens diadelphous (9+1); vexillary stamen free or connate in middle with others; anthers uniform, dorsifixed, with broad connective. Ovary 1- to several ovuled. Legume mostly articulate and moniliform or flattened, some not articulate or reduced to a single article (here termed a loment), indehiscent, often with bristles or spines. Seeds reniform or subreniform, with a small hilum. Twelve genera and 400–460 species: N and NE Africa, Asia, Europe, North America; eight genera and 121 species (52 endemic, one introduced) in China.  Indigofereae : Shrubs or herbs, often gray or silvery with medifixed (T-shaped) trichomes. Stipules usually small. Leaves generally imparipinnate, sometimes 3-foliolate, 1-foliolate, or leaflets absent; stipels present or absent. Flowers in axillary racemes; bracteoles absent. Corolla papilionaceous, usually reddish or purple but sometimes white or yellow. Stamens mostly diadelphous, vexillary filament free from base or rarely connate with others into a sheath split above or a closed tube; anthers uniform or dissimilar, mostly glandtipped. Ovary with 1 to many ovules; style glabrous. Legume 2-valved, septate between seeds, rarely jointed or leathery, turgid and indehiscent. Seeds globose to rectangular, without a caruncle.  Ingeae : Leaves pinnate or bipinnate; stipules most often inconspicuous, sometimes spinescent; petiole, rachis, and pinnae most often with glands; leaflets opposite or (rarely) alternate, rarely 1- foliolate. Flowers heteromorphic or not, in heads, corymbs, umbels, racemes, spikes, or panicles, these again axillary or arranged in axillary and/or terminal panicle, cauliflory present in some genera. Calyx gamosepalous, valvate. Corolla gamopetalous, valvate. Stamens numerous, lower part of filaments united into a tube; anther glandless; pollen-grains usually collected into 2–6 masses in each locus. Ovaries 1 to many, free. Legumes various, dehiscent or not, straight, spirally contorted to curved, moniliform or not, segmented or not, funicular aril present in a few species. Seeds various, with pleurogram or not.  Liparieae :  : Herbs, semiwoody plants, subshrubs, shrublets, or shrubs. Leaves distichous [except in 2 Mediterranean species] usually epulvinate, imparipinnate or palmate; stipules free or adnate to petiole base, often possessing a gland or reduced to merely a gland; leaflets 3–5 to many, rarely 1 or 2, margin never serrulate or dentate [rarely leaves simple (entire, lobed, or dissected)]. Partial inflorescences usually umbels or heads, sometimes reduced to solitary flower; peduncles [except in 2 Mediterranean species] all axillary, elongate or shortened, with or without a herbaceous sterile bract. Subtending floral bracts usually small, inconspicuous, typically glandular if stipules of foliage leaves are glandular, sometimes bracts absent; bracteoles usually absent. Calyx campanulate or tubular. Standard tapering or abruptly contracted to a claw with or without thickened infolded margins. Vexillary filament free or postgenitally adnate to others to form a closed tube; filaments dilated upward; anthers uniform. Style smooth or papillose, usually 6 glabrous along length, but sometimes with hairs surrounding stigma. Legume 2-valved [in 1 Mediterranean species opening only along a ventral suture], or indehiscent, or breaking into indehiscent or rarely dehiscent joints. Seeds estrophiolate.  : Trees, lianas, or shrubs. Stipules often caducous. Leaves pulvinate, usually imparipinnate; leaflets (1–)5–15(to over 40), usually opposite, rarely alternate; stipels present or absent. Inflorescences various, but not in elongated racemes. Flowers often in fascicles and these arranged in pseudoracemes or pseudopanicles, sometimes on leafless branches or on main trunk. Bracteoles usually present. Calyx various, truncate or with 4 or 5 short lobes. Corolla papilionaceous; standard with or without basal calluses; wings free or ± adherent to keel. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; vexillary filament free or connate to others; anthers versatile, sometimes with trichomes. Disk generally present, tubular, surrounding stipe of ovary; ovary with 1–12 or more ovules. Legumes dehiscent or indehiscent, winged or not; valves woody or papery. Seeds variously shaped, flat or round in cross section; testa hard or woody. About 45 genera and 900–920 species: widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, poorly represented in Australia, Callerya extending into temperate parts of China, and extending into temperate parts of E Asia and North America; 13 genera and 84 species (35 endemic, five introduced) in China. This tribe was incorrectly named Tephrosieae in FRPS. The name Millettieae has priority.  Mimoseae : Leaves bipinnate. Flowers bisexual, polygamous, or andromonoecious (then upper flowers perfect, lower staminate or sterile), numerous in heads, spikes, or racemes, sometimes aggregated into compound inflorescences. Sepals usually 5, valvate or imbricate. Petals as many as sepals, valvate (except Dinizia), free to joined. Stamens usually 5–10, exserted, free or ± connate at base, sometimes petaloid in sterile flowers; anthers generally dorsifixed, with or without an apical gland; pollen simple or compound. Ovary sessile to stipitate; ovules 2 to many. Legumes usually compressed, occasionally terete, torulose, spirally twisted, or tetragonal and rarely winged, often curved, indehiscent or dehiscent along one or both margins, sometimes with valves separating from a persistent margin (replum) and breaking into 1-seeded segments. Seeds compressed, sometimes winged, exarillate, usually with a pleurogram. About 40 genera and 860– 880 species: distributed in the tropics and subtropics, less often in temperate regions, most numerous in tropical South America and tropical Africa; seven genera (five introduced) and 12 species (eight introduced) in China. Dichrostachys cinerea (Linnaeus) Wight & Arnott and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) Candolle are introduced and cultivated in China. However, they are not treated here because they are uncommon and not known to be naturalized.  Mirbelieae :  : Herbs, erect, twining, or prostrate, rarely trees. Leaves pulvinate, usually pinnately 3- foliolate, rarely 1- or 5–7-foliolate; leaflets entire or lobed, sometimes gland-dotted; stipules and stipels present. Inflorescence mostly axillary, racemelike, with fascicles of flowers scattered along an axis, sometimes reduced to solitary flowers or expanded into panicles, often with swollen nodes; bracts usually small, very caducous, rarely densely imbricate. Calyx 4- or 5- toothed, rarely truncate. Corolla papilionaceous; petals normal or keel long beaked or spirally twisted. Stamens diadelphous (9+1); vexillary filament usually free, or partly or completely connate with others into an adaxially split sheath; anthers usually uniform. Ovary with 1 to many ovules; style bearded lengthwise on adaxial side, or pilose only around stigma. Legumes 2- valved, partitioned or not between seeds, but not jointed. Seeds strophiolate or not. About 90 genera and ca. 1,570 species: throughout the tropics and warm-temperate regions of the world, more numerous in drier regions; 37 genera (seven introduced) and 169 species (43 endemic, 15 introduced) in China. Modern investigations strongly suggest that the Phaseoleae in the traditional sense as followed here is not natural with some genera, including Canavalia , Galactia , 7 and Ophrestia in this account, which are more closely related to the Millettieae and Abreae than to the other genera in the tribe and with the Desmodieae and Psoraleeae embedded within the Phaseoleae proper (Schrire in Lewis et al., Legumes World, 393–394. 2005). Physostigma venenosum Balfour, native to tropical W Africa, is cultivated in China. This tribe includes species of great importance as food plants, cover crops, forage, green manure, ornamentals, medicine, dyes, etc.  Podalyrieae :  Psoraleeae : Small trees, shrubs, or subshrubs, rarely herbs, glandular-punctate. Leaves pinnate or simple or reduced to scales, entire or denticulate, alternate to distichous; stipules adnate to petiole, fused or free, amplexicaul; stipels absent. Inflorescences spicate, racemose, or capitate, or leafy-paniculate. Flowers fasciculate, 1–6 per node. Calyx campanulate, upper lobes partially fused. Corolla papilionaceous, petals free from staminal tube; standard weakly clawed, rarely with appendages; wings sculptured, lamellate; keel purple tipped. Vexillary stamen free from base or fused with others into an adaxially split sheath, rarely into a closed tube; anthers uniform, alternately versatile and basifixed. Ovary 1-ovuled, hairy or sparsely covered with recurved club- shaped glands; style upcurved, penicillate. Legumes indehiscent, usually 1-seeded. Seeds exarillate. Nine genera and ca. 185 species: five genera in North America south to Mexico, two genera ± restricted to S Africa, one genus in the Mediterranean region, and one genus (Cullen) mostly in Australia; one species in China.  : Trees, shrubs, or herbs, sometimes with glandular trichomes. Stipules narrow, sometimes becoming thorns or absent. Leaves pulvinate, paripinnate or imparipinnate; leaflets opposite or subopposite; stipels often present. Racemes all axillary or sometimes fasciculate at older nodes, pendulous; bracts membranous, caducous. Calyx campanulate, sometimes bilabiate, 5-toothed with adaxial 2 teeth ± connate. Standard often with basal appendages; wings free from keel, often with corrugated venation. Stamens diadelphous (9+1); vexillary filament free or connate with others higher up into an open sheath or rarely forming a closed tube; anthers uniform or nearly so. Ovary stipitate, many to several ovuled, rarely ovules only 1 or 2. Legume woody to thinly leathery, 2-valved, continuous within or rarely septate between seeds. Seeds broadly ovoid, oblong-reniform, or oblong, flat, without strophiole. Eleven genera and ca. 70 species: distributed in America, especially in C and W South America; one genus (introduced) and two species in China.  Sesbanieae : Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees, deciduous. Stipules small, caducous. Leaves paripinnate; petiole and rachis often adaxially grooved; stipels small or absent; leaflets numerous, petiolulate; leaflet blades with entire margin. Racemes axillary at apical part of branches; bracts and bracteoles subulate, caducous. Pedicel slender. Calyx broadly campanulate; teeth 5, subequal, rarely nearly 2-labiate. Corolla yellow or with spots, rarely white, red, or dark purple, exserted from calyx, glabrous; standard broad, with 2 calluses on claw; wings falcate-oblong, auriculate; keel curved, abaxial margin connate, auriculate, claw longer than standard claw. Stamens diadelphous (9+1); anthers homomorphic, dorsifixed, 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, often glabrous. Ovary linear, many ovuled, stipitate; style slender and curved; stigma small, capitate, terminal. Legume often long, linear, and terete, many seeded, trabeculate between seeds, dehiscent at maturity, base with a carpopodium, apex beaked. Seeds terete; hilum rounded.  : Trees, shrubs, lianas, rarely herbs. Leaves pinnately 1- to many foliolate or digitately 3- foliolate. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate, terminal, axillary or leaf-opposed. Calyx 5- toothed or lobed or rarely entire. Corolla papilionaceous or subactinomorphic, petals (1–)5. Stamens (6–)10(–30); filaments free or connate only at base or lower ones up to ca. 1/2 their length, exceptionally 9 joined high up; anthers uniform. Ovary 1- to several ovuled. Legumes

8 various, not jointed, indehiscent or 2-valved, sometimes winged. Seeds reniform, elliptic, or globose; hilum small, sometimes arillate.  Swartzieae :  Thermopsideae : Shrubs or perennial herbs, latter often with a woody rootstock. Leaves usually 3- foliolate, rarely 1-foliolate; stipulate; stipels absent. Flowers in terminal racemes, strongly papilionaceous. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals 5. Stamens (9 or)10, free (occasionally 2 or 3 fused to near apex); anthers all similar. Ovary 1- to many ovuled; upper part of style usually glabrous and upturned. Legumes elongated, flattened or globose. Seeds oblong-reniform, ellipsoid to discoid; hilum small. Six genera and 40–50 species: scattered throughout temperate areas of North America, the Mediterranean basin, and C and NE Asia; three genera and 15 species (five endemic) in China. This tribe, with the exception of the North American Pickeringia, appears to be monophyletic, and it lies closest to Euchresteae and to a Podalyrieae- Crotalarieae-Genisteae clade (see discussion in Lewis et al., Legumes World, 263. 2005).  Trifolieae : Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves pinnately or digitately 3-foliolate, rarely 1- or 5–7-foliolate; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, rarely nearly free (Parochetus); leaflets estipellate, veins mostly extended to teeth on margin. Inflorescences various, often capitate or spicate racemes, rarely flowers 1–3 axially; bracts present; bracteoles absent. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous (9+1) or monadelphous; free parts of filaments filiform or dilated upward; anthers dimorphic or monomorphic (Ononis). Ovary with 1 to numerous ovules; style glabrous. Legumes various: straight, falcate, spirally coiled, or ovate, included in or exserted from calyx, dehiscing by one or both sutures or indehiscent. Seeds estrophiolate. Six genera and ca. 485 species: mainly distributed in the N temperate regions of the Old World.  Vicieae :

The belonging genera to the Faboideae family are:

• Abrus • Craspedolobium • Kummerowia • Podalyria • Acosmium • Cratylia • Lablab • Podocytisus • Adenocarpus • Crotalaria • Laburnum • Poecilanthe • Adenodolichos • Cruddasia • Lamprolobium • Poiretia • Adesmia • Cullen • Lasiospron • Poitea • Aenictophyton • Cyamopsis • Lathyrus • Polhillia • Aeschynomene • Cyathostegia • Latrobea • Pongamiopsis • Afgekia • Cyclocarpa • Lebeckia • Procerae • • Cyclolobium • Lecointea • Procumbentes • Airyantha • Cyclopia • Lennea • Prorhizomatosae • Aldina • Cymbosema • Lens • Pseudarthria • Alexa • • Leptoderris • Pseudeminia • Alhagi • Cytisopsis • Leptodesmia • Pseudoeriosema • Alistilus • Cytisus • Leptosema • Pseudoliebrechtsia • Almaleea • Dahlstedtia • Leptospireae • Pseudovigna • Alysicarpus • Dalbergia • Leptospron • Psophocarpus • Amburana • Dalbergiella • Lespedeza • • Amicia • Dalea • Lessertia • Psoralidium • Ammodendron • Dalhousiea • Leucomphalos • Psorothamnus • Ammopiptanthus • Daviesia • Liebrechtsia • Pterocarpus • Amorpha • Decorsea • Liparia • Pterodon

9 • Amphicarpaea • Deflexae • Lonchocarpus • Ptycholobium • Amphimas • Dendrolobium • Lotononis • Ptychosema • Amphithalea • Dendrotelis • Lotus • • Anagyris • Derris • Luetzelburgia • Pultenaea • Anarthrophyllum • Desmodiastrum • Lunatae • Pycnospora • Andira • • Lupinus • Pyranthus • Angylocalyx • Dewevrea • Lupularia • Rafnia • Antheroporum • Dichilus • Luzonia • Ramorinoa • Anthyllis • Dicraeopetalum • Maackia • Reflexae • Antopetitia • Dillwynia • Machaerium • Retama • Aotus • Dioclea • Macrodontae • Reticulatae • Aphyllodium • Diphyllarium • Macropsychanthus • Rhizomatosae • Apios • Diphysa • Macroptilium • Rhodopis • Apoplanesia • Diplotropis • Macrotyloma • Rhynchosia • Apurimacia • Dipogon • Margaritolobium • Rhynchotropis • Arachis • Dipteryx • Marina • Riedeliella • Argyrocytisus • Discolobium • Mastersia • Robinia • Argyrolobium • Disynstemon • Mecopus • Robynsiophyton • Arthroclianthus • Dolichopsis • Medicago • Rotatae • Aspalathus • Dolichos • Melilotus • Rothia • Astracantha • Droogmansia • Melliniella • Rupertia • Astragalus • Dumasia • Melolobium • Sakoanala • Ateleia • Dunbaria • Mildbraediodendron • Salweenia • Atylosia • Dussia • Millettia • Sarcodum • Austrodolichos • Dysolobium • Mirbelia • Sartoria • Austrosteenisia • Ebenus • Monopteryx • Schefflerodendron • Baphia • Echinospartum • Mucuna • Scorpiurus • Baphiopsis • Eleiotis • Muelleranthus • Sellocharis • Baptisia • Eminia • Mundulea • Senna • Barbieria • Endosamara • Myrocarpus • Sesbania • Bauhinia • Erectae • Myrospermum • Shuteria • Behaimia • Erectoides • Myroxylon • Sigmoidotropis • Bergeronia • Eremosparton • Mysanthus • Sinodolichos • Bituminaria • Erichsenia • Nemcia • Smirnowia • Bobgunnia • Erinacea • Neocollettia • Smithia • Bocoa • Eriosema • Neoharmsia • Soemmeringia • Bolusafra • Errazurizia • Neonotonia • Sophora • Bolusanthus • Erythrina • Neorautanenia • Spartidium • Bolusia • Etaballia • Neorudolphia • Spartium • Bossiaea • Euchilopsis • Nephrodesmus • Spathionema • Bowdichia • Euchresta • Nesphostylis • Spatholobus • Brachysema • Eutaxia • Nissolia • Sphaerolobium • Brongniartia • Eversmannia • Nogra • Sphaerophysa • Brya • Exostyles • Ohwia (sometimes • Sphenostylis • Bryaspis • Extranervosae included in • Sphinctospermum • Buceras • Eysenhardtia Desmodium ) • Spirocarpos • Burkilliodendron • Fiebrigiella • Olneya • Spirotropis

10 • Butea • Fissicalyx • Onobrychis • Spongiocarpella • Cadia • Flemingia • Ononis • Stauracanthus • Cajanus • Fordia • Ophrestia • Stirtonanthus • Calia • Galactia • • Stracheya • Calicotome • Galega • Orbiculares • Streblorrhiza • Callerya • Gastrolobium • Oreophysa • Strongylodon • Callistachys • Geissaspis • Ormocarpopsis • Strophostyles • Calophaca • Genista • Ormocarpum • Stylosanthes • Calopogonium • Genistidium • Ormosia • Styphnolobium • Calpurnia • Geocarpa • Ornithopus • Sutherlandia • Camoensia • Geoffroea • Oryxis • Swainsona • Camptosema • Gliricidia • • Swartzia • Campylotropis • Glossostylus • • Sweetia • Canavalia • Glycine • Otoptera • Sylvichadsia • Candolleodendron • Glycyrrhiza • Ougeinia • Tadehagi • Caracallae • Gompholobium • Oxylobium • Taralea • • Gonocytisus • Oxyrhynchus • Taverniera • Carmichaelia • Goodia • Oxytropis • Templetonia • Carrissoa • Grazielodendron • Pachyrhizus • • Carstienses • Gueldenstaedtia • Pachyspireae • Teramnus • Cascaronia • Halimodendron • Panurea • Teyleria • Cassia • Hammatolobium • Paracalyx • Thermopsis • Castanospermum • Haplormosia • Paramachaerium • Tipuana • Catiang • Hardenbergia • Parochetus • Trierectoides • Caulorrhizae • Harleyodendron • Parryella • Trifidacanthus • Centrolobium • Harpalyce • Pearsonia • Trifolium • Centrosema • Hebestigma • Pediomelum • Trigonella • Cercis • Hedysarum • Pedunculares • Tripodion • Chadsia • Herpyza • Peltiera • Triseminatae • Chaetocalyx • Hesperolaburnum • Periandra • Uleanthus • Chamaecrista • Heteranthae • Pericopsis • Ulex • Chamaecytisus • Heynianae • Petaladenium • Uraria • Chapmannia • Hippocrepis • Peteria • Uribea • Chesneya • Hoita • Petteria • Urodon • Chorizema • Holocalyx • Phaseolus • Vandasina • Christia • Hovea • Phylacium • Vatairea • Cicer • Humularia • Phyllodium • Vataireopsis • Cladrastis • Hybosema • Phyllota • Vatovaea • Clathrotropis • Hylodesmum • Phylloxylon • Vavilovia • Cleobulia (sometimes • Physostigma • Vermifrux • Clianthus included in • Pickeringia • Vicia • Clitoria Desmodium ) • Pictetia • • Clitoriopsis • Hymenocarpos • Piptanthus • Viminaria • Cochlianthus • Hymenolobium • Piscidia • Virgilia • Codariocalyx • Hypocalyptus • Pisum • Weberbauerella (sometimes • Indigofera • Plagiocarpus • Wiborgia included in • Inocarpus • Platycarpae • Wisteria

11 Desmodium ) • Intertextae • Platycelyphium • Xanthocercis • Collaea • Isotropis • Platycyamus • Zenia • Cologania • Isthmocarpae • Platylobium • Zollernia • Colutea • Jacksonia • Platymiscium • Zornia • Condylostylis • Jansonia • Platypodium • Condylostylus • Kennedia • Platysepalum • Cordyla • Kotschya • Plectrotropis • Coronilla • Coursetia • Craibia • Cranocarpus

12