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Agricultural Research Collaboration in Tajikistan

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Agricultural Research Collaboration in Tajikistan Regional Program for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Central Working Paper 14 Asia and the Caucasus Agricultural Research Collaboration in Tajikistan Summary of the progress of the research and capacity building partnership between Tajikistan and International Agricultural Research Centers: Productivity of agricultural production systems Natural resources conservation and management Conservation and evaluation of genetic resources Socioeconomic and policy research and in collaboration with the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences Acknowledgements Authors - Turok, J., M. Begmuratov, K. Akramov, C. Carli, S. Christmann, M. Glazirina, K. Jumaboev, A. Karimov, J. Kazbekov, Z. Khalikulov, R. Mavlyanova, N. Nishanov, A. Nurbekov, N. Saidov, R. Sharma, K. Toderich, M. Turdieva and T. Yuldashev, editors The collaborative efforts have been guided by the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences with its network of research institutes and field stations, and joined by additional partners in universities, private sector, associations of farmers, and the civil society. Their work and contributions over years of collaboration are gratefully acknowledged. The overall policy support provided by the Government of Tajikistan has been instrumental for advancing the agricultural pro-development research. ICARDA Working Papers document the progress of the ICARDA research program and its support to country partners in more than 40 drylands countries. Working Papers are one of ICARDA’s global public goods; they capture and share knowledge and learning from projects and research partnerships. Each paper is internally reviewed as part of the center’s publishing process. ISBN: 92_9127_449_6 Key words Tajikistan, Central Asia and the Caucasus, natural resources, conservation, genetic resources, socioeconomic, climate change, public policy, germplasm, seed banks, livestock, pest management, crop management, rangeland, irrigation. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) PO Box 114/5055, Beirut, Lebanon Feedback ICARDA welcomes comment and feedback on this publication [email protected] www.icarda.org www.cac-program.org The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of ICARDA. Where trade names are used, it does not necessarily imply endorsement of, or discrimination against, any product by the Center. Maps are used to illustrate research results, not to show political or administrative boundaries. Copyright and Fair Use: ICARDA encourages fair use, sharing and distribution of this information for non- commercial purposes, with proper attribution and citation. Copyright ©2013 International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) All rights reserved. 1 Contents 1. Productivity of Agricultural Production Systems……………………………………………….……….…….… 6 1.1 Germplasm Enhancement……………………………………………………………………………..……….…. 6 1.1.1 Grain Crops………………………………………………………….…………………………………... 6 1.1.2 Potato……………………………………………..………………………………………….……….….. 8 1.1.3 Sorghum and Pearl Millet………………………………………………………………….……. 16 1.1.4 Vegetable Crops………………………………………………………………………………….…. 18 1.2 Strengthening National Seed Supply System……………………………………………………….…… 19 1.2.1 Potato Seed Production……………………………………………………………………….... 19 1.3 Livestock Production Systems and Integrated Feed/Livestock Management………….… 21 1.3.1 Better livelihoods, more opportunities for rural women………………………… 21 1.3.2 Community action in feed livestock productivity………………………….………… 23 1.3.3 Productivity enhancement of fodder-based cropping systems through using saline drainage water…………………………..………………............. 23 1.3.4 Forage legumes………………………………………………………………………………….…… 25 1.4 Integrated Pest Management…………………………………………………………………….……….… 26 1.4.1 Development and delivery of ecologically-based IPM packages for field and vegetable crop systems in Tajikistan………………….……………….. 26 1.4.2 IPM CRSP Project Phase II (2010 - 2014)……………………………………………….… 27 1.4.3 Screening wheat varieties for resistance to Cereal Leaf Beetle (CLB)....…. 28 1.4.4 IPM applied research and demonstration site for wheat………………………... 28 2. Natural Resources Conservation and Management……………………………………………….…………. 29 2.1 Crop Management Practices…………………………………….……………………………………….…….. 29 2.2 Irrigation, Drainage, and Water Basin Analysis…………………………………………………….….. 30 2.3 Conservation Agriculture……………………………………………………………………….……………..…. 30 2.4 Rangeland Rehabilitation and Management……………………………………………….…………... 32 2.4.1 Range and forage productivity………………………………………………………….……. 32 2.4.2 Introduction and promotion of biosaline agriculture technologies for improvement of degraded abandoned farms in Tajikistan……………………... 33 2.4.3 Agrosilvopastoral model for improvement productivity of marginal salt-affected lands………………………………………………………………..…. 35 2.4.4 Improvement of degraded rangelands affected by overgrazing and salinity……………………………………….……………………………….… 36 3. Conservation and Evaluation of Genetic Resources……………………………………...........………….. 37 3.1 Plant Genetic Resources…………………………………………………………………….………………….… 37 3.1.1 Grain crops……………………………………………………………………………………….……. 37 3.1.2 Fruit crops…………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 37 4. Socioeconomic and Policy Research………………………………………………………………….……………… 42 4.1 Socioeconomic and market research aspects of small ruminant management………... 42 4.2 Participatory market chain approach in potato…………………………………………………….…. 43 4.3 Policy Advice…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……... 44 4.4 Climate Change………………………….………………………………………………………………………….… 45 4.4.1 Climate change adaptation strategies………………………………………….…….…… 46 4.4.2 How can mountain villages adapt to glacier loss?...................................... 48 4.5 Capacity Building……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 49 2 Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AVRDC World Vegetable Centre (Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre) BMZ The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany) CA Conservation Agriculture CAC Central Asia and the Caucasus CACILM Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management CC Climate Change CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CIP International Potato Centre CLB Cereal Leaf Beetle CLCA Crop-Livestock Conservation Agriculture CMO Canal Management Organization CRP CGIAR Research Program CPRI Central Potato Research Institute CRSP Cooperative Research Support Programme EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations GEF Global Environment Facility GIZ The German International Cooperation Agency ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICBA International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics IDB Islamic Development Bank IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM Integrated Pest Management IWMI International Water Management Institute IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management IWRM-FV Integrated Water Resources Management in the Fergana Valley IWWIP International Winter Wheat Improvement Program MSU Michigan State University NARS National Agricultural Research System NGO Non-Governmental Organization PFU Program Facilitation Unit SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SIC-ICWC Scientific Information Centre of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination in Central Asia SLMR Sustainable Land Management Research STT Small Transboundary Tributaries SVTC State Variety Testing Commission SWCA South, West and Central Asia TAAS Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences TPS True Potato Seed UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development WPL-PL Water Productivity Improvement at Plot Level WUA Water Users Association 3 Executive Summary This Working Paper presents an overview of the collaborative research and capacity building done by international research centers and their partners in Tajikistan since 2006 for increasing the productivity of agricultural systems; natural resources conservation and management; conservation and evaluation of genetic resources; and socioeconomic and public policy research in Tajikistan. The work of the Regional Program on Sustainable Agricultural Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus, hosted and led by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), supports the goals of Central Asian and Caucasus countries to increase agricultural productivity, food and nutritional security by developing and transferring new agricultural production technologies, and ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources -- an integrated agro-ecosystems approach. To make agricultural systems in Tajikistan more productive, the CGIAR and non-CGIAR agricultural research centers, together with their national partners have pursued germplasm enhancement; the improvement of national seed supply systems; livestock production systems and integrated feed/livestock management; and integrated pest management. The partnership between the international centers and Tajikistan has delivered a range of research and capacity building activities in four areas: Productivity of agricultural production systems Natural resources conservation and management
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