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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Artes E Comunicação Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação Doutorado Em Comunicação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO DOUTORADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO Juliana Andrade Leitão FOTOJORNALISMO DISRUPTIVO: ESPAÇOS DE DISPUTA, PROCESSOS DE RUPTURA E A REPRESENTAÇÃO VISUAL DOS ACONTECIMENTOS NO WORLD PRESS PHOTO RECIFE 2016 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO DOUTORADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO FOTOJORNALISMO DISRUPTIVO: ESPAÇOS DE DISPUTA, PROCESSOS DE RUPTURA E A REPRESENTAÇÃO VISUAL DOS ACONTECIMENTOS NO WORLD PRESS PHOTO Tese apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, para a obtenção do grau de doutor em Comunicação, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Alfredo Eurico Vizeu Pereira Junior. RECIFE 2016 Catalogação na fonte Bibliotecário Jonas Lucas Vieira, CRB4-1204 L533f Leitão, Juliana Andrade Fotojornalismo disruptivo: espaços de disputa, processos de ruptura e a representação visual dos acontecimentos no World Press Photo / Juliana Andrade Leitão. – 2016. 256 f.: il., fig. Orientador: Alfredo Eurico Vizeu Pereira Júnior. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Artes e Comunicação. Comunicação, 2016. Inclui referências. 1. Comunicação. 2. Fotojornalismo. 3. Imagens como recursos de informação. 4. Prêmios. 5. Fotografias. I. Pereira Júnior, Alfredo Eurico Vizeu (Orientador). II. Título. 302.23 CDD (22.ed.) UFPE (CAC 2016-104) Juliana Andrade Leitão TÍTULO DO TRABALHO: “ FOTOJORNALISMO FOTOJORNALISMO DISRUPTIVO: ESPAÇOS DE DISPUTA, PROCESSOS DE RUPTURA E A REPRESENTAÇÃO VISUAL DOS ACONTECIMENTOS NO WORLD PRESS PHOTO” Tese apresentada ao programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Comunicação. Aprovada em: 26/02/2016 BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alfredo Eurico Vizeu Pereira Júnior Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Heitor Costa Lima da Rocha Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _______________________________________ Prof.Dr. Rodrigo Octávio D’Azevedo Carreiro Universidade Federal de Pernambuco _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Moacir Tavares Rodrigues do Anjos Júnior Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, FUNDAJ _______________________________________ Prof.Dr. Maria Salett Tauk Santos Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente quero agradecer aos meus pais, a quem mais devo o incentivo de seguir a vida acadêmica, com seu incondicional apoio. Quero agradecer ao meu orientador Alfredo Vizeu por ter aceito este projeto. Agradeço ao supervisor do doutorado sanduíche, José María Perceval, por tantas orientações e debates imprescindíveis ao resultado deste trabalho. Quero agradecer aos meus professores de escola, graduação e pós-graduação e aos funcionários que fazem o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. RESUMO Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar qual olhar sobre o outro, sobre o mundo e sobre os acontecimentos tem sido premiado no fotojornalismo e quais rupturas são observáveis dentro das disputas éticas, estéticas, políticas e ideológicas nesse campo da fotografia/comunicação. A partir de um aprofundamento teórico e de uma observação empírica foi empreendido um processo que teve como meta traçar um panorama do que tem sido premiado em moldes pré- formatados; analisar imagens que causam desconforto, quando são escolhidas, porque não se relacionam com outras imagens já existentes; diagnosticar a potência que o fotojornalismo possui como linguagem visual de impacto que chega a tantos lugares no mundo e atinge pessoas de diferentes classes sociais, faixa etária etc.; diagnosticar e problematizar quais as rupturas dentro dos regimes éticos, estéticos, representativos da imagem que age dentro do jornalismo, possibilitando assim observar os espaços de disputa ideológica desse campo da comunicação e analisar a representação visual da realidade contemporânea a partir das imagens legitimadas pelos prêmios internacionais de fotojornalismo. Para tal, o corpus escolhido é o maior prêmio de fotojornalismo existente hoje no mundo, o World Press Photo. Para poder fazer uma separação que fosse viável e não deixasse de fora nenhuma área de conflito e disputa dentro da fotografia jornalística este trabalho se apropria do que propõe Rancière de regimes de imagem, os três grandes regimes permitiram entender que as categorias semânticas fazem mais sentido quando inseridas dentro do regime imagético a qual pertencem. A tese está dividida a partir da proposta do Regime Ético das Imagens, O Regime Poético ou Representativo das Artes e o Regime Estético. A partir disso, a tese propõe uma hipótese central a do fotojornalismo disruptivo pretendemos responder como poderia o fotojornalismo atual ser disruptivo, para tal utiliza-se os debates da teoria do jornalismo, os debates da fotografia, as questões da alteridade, das Representações e os debates sobre contemporaneidade e ruptura estética. Palavras–Chave: Fotojornalismo. Disrupção. World Press Photo. Regime de imagens. Comunicação. ABSTRACT This research intends to analyze which kind of look and perception towards others, the world and its events has been awarded with prizes in photojournalism and which ruptures are perceptible within the ethical, aesthetical, political and ideological disputes in this field of photography and communication studies. From a deep theoretical framework and empirical observation, this research applied a process to properly trace a landscape of what sort of images have achieved awards; to analyze images that result in discomfort when chosen due to the absence of any relation to previously selected photos; to diagnose the strength of photojournalism as a visual language of impact that reaches so many places in the world and affects people from different social classes and ages; to diagnose and problematize which ruptures on the ethical and aesthetical imagery work within Journalism, making it possible to observe spaces of ideology dispute in this field of study in Communication and analyze the visual representation of the contemporary reality from legitimized images of international awards in photojournalism. For such task, the set of chosen data (corpus) is the biggest photojournalism award in the world, the World Press Photo. In order to properly chose a viable selection and avoid leaving aside any conflict or dispute within the journalistic photography, this research embraces Rancière's proposal of image regimes. The three great regimes allow us to understand which semantic categories make more sense when viewed from the image regimes from where they belong. This thesis is divided from the proposal of the Ethical Regime of Images, the Poetic Regime (or Arts Representative Regime) and the Aesthetical Regime. From this point forward, the research proposes a central hypothesis, the disruptive photojournalism, pretending to answer how the current photojournalism could be disruptive. For such, debates from the Journalism Theories, Photography debates and otherness questions are covered, including questions of representation and debates about contemporary issues and aesthetical rupture. Key-words: Photojournalism. Disruption. World Press Photo. Image Regimes. Communication. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Foto 1- Foto Pablo Saborido ....................................................................................................................... 29 Foto 2 - James Nachtwey - TIME ............................................................................................................... 42 Foto 3 -James Nachtwey ............................................................................................................................. 42 Foto 4 - 11/09 McCurry .............................................................................................................................. 44 Foto5 - 11/09 McCurry .............................................................................................................................. 44 Foto 6 - 11/09 McCurry .............................................................................................................................. 44 Foto 7 - 11/09 - James Nachtwey............................................................................................................... 45 Foto 8 - 11/09 - James Nachtwey................................................................................................................ 45 Foto 9 - 11/09 - James Nachtwey................................................................................................................ 45 Foto 10 - 11/09 - James Nachtwey............................................................................................................. 45 Foto 11 - Samuel Aranda entrevista Don McCullin.................................................................................... 46 Foto 12 - WPP2010 ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Foto 13 - WPP2011 ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Foto 14 - WPP 2012 ................................................................................................................................... 65 Foto 15 - WPP 2013 ...................................................................................................................................
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