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Family Life in Hawaii During the Hawaiian Monarchy

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Family Life in Hawaii During the Hawaiian Monarchy MILYFAMILY LIFE IN HAWAII DURING THE HAWAIIAN MONARCHY joseph H spurrier illness among the natives accustomed to island conditions the consti- tutions of the hawaiiansHawaii ans despite a fiercefaithfierce faithfaichfalch did not adjust readily the hawaiian monarchy was formed when the hawaiiislandhawaii island chief to the rigors of the burning heat of the summer sun and the driving winds kamehameha united the islands by conquest this task was completed and zero temperatures of the skull valley winters the high rate of by 1810 it ended when queen Liliuliliuokalaniokalani was overthrown in 1893 mortality is indicated by the large number of markersinmarkersonmarkersmarkersinin the village in this span of eightythreeeighty three years family life in hawaii underwent cemetery severe changes as it was transformed fron the native ohana family great sadness broke out when I1 W kauleiKaulaikauleinamokunamoku mentioned earlier to the euro american christian pattern that the family was signi- as leader of the natives died in 1899 at the age of sixty two his ficant among the islanders is attested by the number and frecfaemfrequencyY of grave enclosed in an iron grill fence and covered by a white marble terms and phrases in the language which refer to it the hawaiian tombstone may still be seen at the losepajosepa cemetery word which is commonlyoanoonnonly translated as family is ohana in casual when church officials announced to the group in 1915 that a temple usage ohana can mean an institutionalized corporate body the 2 would be built in hawaii that cash would be paid for all personal and extended family or it may simply designate a kinsman or relative corporate holdings in the colony and that the church would provide most commonlycaacanoannonly it meant the general grouping of persons related by 3 transportation back to the islaisiaislandsadsnds for those unable to pay for their own blood marriage or adoption others might live 2nanin the household most of the colonists decided to return to their homeland most of the though they were not ohanalohana these were the chuaohua which signifies 4 returnees settled on the church plantation at laie oahubahumany faithful retainers sojourners or those likened to passhigerspassengers in a canoe among the derivation of the word is in the symbolism of the oha buds141d church members today are the descendants of the skull valley I1 5 hawaiian pioneers which occur on the conn of the taro plant ooicolocasiaOolocasia esculentesculentaa sprout top conncorm which root the church sold the ranch in 1917 to the deseret livestock company these buds at the of the is that rootlikelike phrase then oha which moved some of the original buildings away and razed others to obtain portion of the plant that is propagatedpropogated the is ana springing shoots as children springing from a materials with which to construct a ranch headquarters near the site of the or the of off parents 6 ohana togo farther old village the ranch now produces hay and serves as a center for livestock single pair of the contraction is and express the idea of the primary or nuclear family in modemmodernusageusager grazing the story of losepajosepa is a story of hope courage and hard work aucleanuclea 7 the phrase ohana ampono i the true family was required this sti- pulated a father mother and the children born to them 38 spurrier joseph H A descrjmdescription of family life at the beginning of this period spurrier joseph H amtoust oanecameoamecome fran the fitting together of fragments of observations be left work in notes but this work suffered sane in translation and franfronfrom accounts written for other purposes the sources which can be editing which was done by a missionary son his hawaiian antiquities consulted begin with the journals of captain james cookodokodow the dis shows both his cmown converted christian bias as well as that of his 8ci 17 18 covadveroovercoverercoverorooverorerorenoror wilemilemllehis account contains alalmostt no direct references editor and translator kamakau was also a converted christian to hawaiian families sane few statements can be used to draw infer historians ethnologistsetbnologistsandpoligistsanthropoligistsanthropologists sociologists and 9 in10 ekoesenoes the ships logs of portlock and dixon bryon and the other scholars have gleaned and culled from these sources to put Jounjournalsyounrials of thetileeuleuelewilkes expedition amaxe useful in a similar fashion U together valuable studies of that early hawaiian society cneone fine 12 itthe writings of john ledyard a marimmarinemacine with captain cookodok the example is the polynesian family system inn xakauxauu hawaii by E S 13 publicationicationmication of archibald caqeu an injured whaler who spent a craighill handy and mary kacenakawena pukui charles E tuttle canconcoq3anycorpanycoqpanyCOqpany year in honolulu in 1808 and an account attributed to john B witmitmih lasins rutlandlUtfubland vermont 1972 dr handy is a prominent polynesian nanmwman all makemakeimaket fleeting comments about men and waumwomen as parts of ethnologist and mary pukui is the leading hanahawahawaiian scholar of this households generationrnepneration a lexicographer and incidentally a latterlatterdayday saint hiram bingham puritanical leader of the first company of this work is nahnxhmuch enriched by references to the family found in the protestant missionaries franfrom boston recorded his inxxmssicnsinpressionsimpressions in what languagelanguaige terms and phrases which give insight into the spirit and sawsamsane have called awkward and biased language in A resireslPesiresidencedence of twentyZ practice of family life at laie in the later years of the kingdom 15 one years izin the sandwich islands his book while intended tottotoo be lain compiled from notes taken from over thuthirtyty missionary journals an accurate observation is nannonvammore bingham than hawaii other mission- kept by elders who labored in hawaii fromerom 1850 to 1890 aries kept journals which are available both published andnd unpublish- winemune these elders had little intention of recording family ed txthese add pieces to the puzzle william ellisM I1 i a london miss- history enough can be gleaned to perceive a little about the lives ionary society minister left a somewhatbanesanesonenhatkhatwhat more synsyupatheticsympathetic picture of of bomesome families who lived thentherethem then unfortunately hawaiian latter society in hawaii due to his having spent several years in tahiti be- day saints were notriot yet sufficiently conditioned to a literate tra- 16 fore comingitocomincominggitoto honolulu dition to keep lourjourjournals1 hawhanymawmany of them performed illustriousi1blat Ian church thetha islanders themselves left little other thanthenthe writings arviceervioewrviceerviceloeioefilled adtiplenulnuioultiplemultipletiple aismissionsmlsmibsiansslanssions and led lives of heroic faith but of such as david naomalomaiowaomao and saauelsanuel KM kamakau heloheiomalo vaswasweawaeoneove of the this heritage isin lost due to theirthe fanumfailure to jrjrmiijcu&1aiamiiqiai as their lives arlyariyorlyablyawly converts to chrichrisianityChrisichristianityanity and eventually beaebeabe a liscenAlisoenaedliscenaeded preacher 39 spurrier joseph H spurrier joseph H A revival of interest in things hawaiian the resurgence of enthusiasm smaller piepieshapedshaped portions which ranged from two thousands to two about genealogies and a turning of scholarly interest to local and oral hundred thousand acres these were called ahuahupuaapuaa the territerziterritorytorybory history may urveraurverunoover documents and records heretofore unknown andrakeaniandvakeand dakemake contained in this division was bordered on each side by a natural possible a structuringrestructuringre of a heritage that can be held in high boundary such as a stream bed or ridge of high ground ran framfromthe 21 esteem summit of the mountains to the seashore A number of ohana in discussing the ohana in the formative years of the kingdom lived within each ahupuaa and usually all members of any one ohana consideration muslmustmostbe given to four influences which were powerful lived within its boundaries all nuclear and extended families living detunentsdetenninents of hawhow the hawaiians lived first thentherethemwas the structure within one ahupuaa enjoyed full use and access rights to all land 22 functioning of the ohana itself it was a dispersed community with otherwise not used 19 family daubersmembers living primarily within one general locale the vari- A third influence was the division of the society into classes ous groups of a single ohana were nutuallyvutuallynutumutuallyallyailysupportive these living aliiaillmiimillii or chiefs and makaainanamakaainana or owronersoonncners the chiefs hels rank near the seashore obtained their sustenance frum the sea while others which was inherited and with the degree of rank determined framfrom care- lived inland and cultivated or gathered food plants wienmienwhen a marlermattermembermarcer fully kept genealogies the highest ranking of chiefs might rule an of the inland group went to the beach a basket of taro or other food entire island or perhaps only a moku one of the large districts intoindo fronfrom the mountains would be carried to give to the family on the shore which the island was divided while those of lesser rank might serve the basket would not be returned empty fresh or dried fish or other as retainers or be given charge as land manager in an ahupuaa the seafood would be given
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