Projet ITTAS « Améliorer la GIRE, la gestion et la gouvernance fondées sur la connaissance du Bassin du Niger et du système aquifère d’Iullemeden- Taoudéni/Tanezrouft » Improving IWRM, knowledge-based management and governance of the Niger Basin and the Iullemeden- Taoudéni/Tanezrouft Aquifer System

CALL FOR APPLICATIONS For the recruitment of a group of regional consultants to develop The Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft aquifer system (Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria)

[AC/OSS/ITTAS_CONSLT-REG/090819-14]

Extension! 7th November 2019

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PRELIMINARY NOTE The Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) is launching a call for applications for the recruitment of a group of REGIONAL CONSULTANTS to develop the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft transboundary aquifer systems shared by Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Nigeria. The terms of Reference are attached to this note (Part B). The groups of consultants interested in this service will be able to make application by transmitting their technical and financial proposals electronically, by post or by carrier, to The Sahara and Sahel Observatory, Leader Yasser Arafat Boulevard PB31, 1080 Tunis Cedex, Tunisia, no later than November 7, 2019 at 4 pm. The stamp of the order office of the OSS being authentic. By post or by carrier each technical proposal must be in a closed envelope clearly marked "Technical Proposal" and each financial proposal in a closed envelope marked "Financial Proposal". These two envelopes are themselves placed in an outer envelope, which must be sealed, anonymous and contain only the following mention:

NOTICE OF CALL FOR REGIONAL APPLICATIONS [AC/OSS/ITTAS_CONSLT-REG/090819-14] « Development of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Taoudéni/Tanezrouft transboundary aquifer system »

The studies to be undertaken will be conducted by a group of consultants led by a Leader. This group must include a homogeneous and complementary team of qualified regional Experts, possessing very deep knowledge in their respective fields of competence and having very diversified experiences on different projects.

WARNING: The applicants interested in forming a group of experts are aware that these studies relate to transboundary groundwater. The Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and the Strategic Action Plan for surface waters have already been carried out for the Niger River Basin.

Bidders must also complete the form provided in the attached document in PART A. The Terms of Reference for the study are provided in the annexes to PART B.

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PART A: APPLICATION FORM

The application form must be attached to the file provided in the preliminary note. It will include a statement signed by the leader on behalf of the group of consultants. All the information below must only relate to the group of consultants and the submitting consultants. I. IDENTITY OF THE APPLICANT/BIDDER1

Name(s) of the Group of consultants submitting the present application

Leader1

Expert in TDA

Socio-economist expert

Environmental Expert

Climate change Expert

Legal Expert

PN: The distribution of Experts is provided as an indication. It is up to the leader to propose the number and specialties of the Experts to join the group. Experts are proportionately dispatched according to the provisions / criteria of the mission / ToR of the Experts). II. CONTACT PERSON

Name

Organization

Address

Phone

Fax email address

1 Provide a unified commitment statement.

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III. AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION Please use the table below to indicate the areas of specialization (relevant to the study in question) of the consultant, by entering these areas of specialization at the top of each line and the name of the consultant at the top of each column. Check the box (es) corresponding to the area (s) of specialization in which each consultant has significant experience. [10 fields maximum]

Leader Member 2 Member 3 Etc. 3

Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis TDA

(TDA) hydrogeology Socio-economic aspects

Environmental aspects

Climate change

Legal and institutional aspects

Add or delete as many lines and / or columns as needed. PN: The distribution of Experts is provided as an indication. It is up to the leader to propose the number and specialties of the Experts to join the group. Experts are proportionately dispatched according to the provisions / criteria of the mission / ToR of the Experts).

IV. EXPERIENCE Please complete the table below to sum up the main relevant projects to this contract that have been completed over the last 5 years by the consultants submitting their offers.

Ref. n° (maximum 10) Project Title Total amount of Funding Dates Name of the Consultant Country the project (in Provided service Client Name Source (Start/End) euros)

Nature of the services provided

Signed on behalf of the leader

Name Signature Date

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PART B: Terms of Reference for the recruitment of a group of regional consultants to develop the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni/Tanezrouft Aquifer System (Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria)

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1. CONTEXT OF THE MISSION Created in 1992, The Sahara and Sahel Observatory (OSS) is a Tunis-based international organization with an African vocation. It operates in the arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and dry areas of the Sahara-Sahel region. OSS members include 25 African countries, 7 non-African countries, 13 organizations (representing West, East, and North Africa, and UN organizations) and 3 non-governmental organizations. Through its projects, OSS develops concepts and methodologies for environmental monitoring, natural resource management and adaptation to climate change on the "Earth", "Water" and "Climate" programs to promote coordinated and sustainable management of natural resources in Africa. The OSS supports member countries and organizations to produce, manage, share and disseminate information useful for the sustainable management of natural resources, information focused on the priority topics of land and water degradation. As for water, the OSS works on the coordinated management of shared groundwater resources, promoting the "basin awareness" concept through the development of knowledge, the creation of common management tools, the shared diagnosis of the risks and use- development potentials. Through their ownership by countries and their multidisciplinary teams, OSS projects can contribute to bringing regional and international solutions to environmental challenges. To this end, within the framework of this regional project "Improving IWRM, knowledge-based management and governance of the Niger Basin and the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System (NB-ITTAS2) for 11 countries", the OSS is one of the three executing agencies of the project. The OSS is in charge, inter alia, of developing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and the Strategic Action Program (SAP) recommended by the GEF for International Waters. The objective of the NB-ITTAS project is to improve the management, governance, conservation and protection of water resources, based on knowledge of the water resources of the Niger River basin and the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft aquifer systems (ITTAS), to support IWRM for communities and ecosystem resilience. The project will contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2 (SDG23), 6 (SDG64 and especially target 6.55) and 13 (SDG 136 and targets 13.17 and 13.28). The geographic scope of this study and the GEF intervention extend to both the Niger River Basin (NB) and the Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems (ITTAS), two transboundary systems that are crucial for millions of people living in rural areas who still rely heavily on agriculture for their livelihoods. The Niger River Basin covers an area of more than 2.2 million km², of which about 1.5 million km² of hydrologically active basin distributed in the nine member countries of the NBA (Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Nigeria). The Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System (ITTAS) covers an area of approximately 2.5 million km2 and covers seven countries: Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Nigeria. The Iullemeden Aquifer System has benefited from a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) within the framework of the "Management of Hydrogeological Risks in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS)" project, from 2004 to 2009. It affected Mali, Niger and Nigeria. Three major transboundary priority risks have been identified by the three countries: 1) Decreasing the availability of water; 2) Degradation of water quality and 3) the (negative) impacts of variability and / or climate change. A causal chain analysis that was conducted on each of these risks identified a range of immediate causes, which in reality must be addressed when designing the NB-ITTAS demonstration projects so that the most relevant best practices can be taken into account.

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In addition, the Niger River basin superimposed on the ITTAS in its upper, median and delta part has already benefited from the TDA and SAP. The Strategic Action Plan for the Niger River Basin is currently in its implementation phase, contributing to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Action Plan (SDAP) of the Shared Vision of the basin.

The GEF TDA / SAP approach The approach of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) / Strategic Action Program (TDA / SAP) recommended by the GEF (Global Environmental Facility) is a highly collaborative process (fully involving the main involved stakeholders) that has proven to be a major strategic planning tool for GEF International Water projects over the last 16 years. The TDA is the analytical (and technical) component that identifies and analyzes transboundary environmental problems, their impacts and their causes. The TDA relies on available and verified technical and scientific information to examine the state of the environment and the root causes of its degradation. The analysis is cross-sectoral, focusing on transboundary issues without ignoring national concerns and priorities. The TDA is a mechanism to help participating countries "agree on the facts" and create mutual trust around common problems. The TDA provides the factual basis for the formulation of a SAP. The SAP is a negotiated policy document that should be approved at the highest level of all relevant sectors of government. It sets clear priorities for action (for example, policy, legal, institutional or investment reforms) to address the transboundary priority issues identified in the TDA. The components of the TDA and SAP must be highly collaborative and fully involve the key stakeholders involved in the aquifer system. Link between the TDA and SAP The link between the TDA and SAP or the transition from the TDA to SAP is an essential step in the GEF-IW TDA / SAP process. This link must be strong enough so that the Actions to be carried out in the SAP correspond to the priority transboundary issues identified during the development of the TDA. It should be noted that during the regional workshop held in Niamey (Niger) on May 7-8, 2015, the countries selected the topics that should turn into pilot projects in the demonstration of best practices in management of shared groundwater resources (for the implementation of the SAP) : • Topic n°1: Effective management of groundwater; • Topic n°2: Reduction of the strong mineralization of groundwater (fluorides, ...); • Topic n°3: Fight against pollution of various origins (mining, domestic, agricultural, industrial); • Topic n°4: Adaptation to climate extreme events; • Topic n°5: Integrated Management / planning Surface water - Groundwater (agro-pastoral activities). For this, in defining cause-and-effect relationships, it is essential to determine where interventions (or leverage points) with the greatest potential for positive influence on the transboundary aquifer system are emerging. A leverage point is a place in a complex system (ITTAS for instance) where a small change (or modification) at a given time can produce significant changes elsewhere.

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Thus, determining these leverage points makes it possible to identify the points where modifications can be made to the system.

Leverage points come in different forms: a change in the management of the shared resource, a change in technology (water saving), in favor of a better preservation of the resource.

2. GENERAL MISSION AND SCOPE OF WORK The main goal will be to provide a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Transboundary Aquifer System. The affected countries are Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Nigeria. The mission of the Group of Consultants will have to take into account the results and products obtained in the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS with Mali, Niger and Nigeria), then the TDA and the Strategic Action Program (SAP) of the surface waters of the Niger River Basin. It will also have to take into account the activities to be carried out by the national consultants and the National Inter-ministerial Committees. The development of the TDA requires a set of steps proposed in Annex 6.1.1. This requires the development of socio-economic, environmental, climate change, legal and institutional analysis aspects in terms of transboundary water management. Each topic will be the subject of the services of a consultant.

3. COMPOSITION OF THE CONSULTANT GROUP TE AM In order to achieve the general mission described above, each Expert (TDA, Socio-Economy, Environment, Climate Change, Legal and Institutional) will be assigned to the mission corresponding to his/her specialization. The tasks, deliverables and profile are described in the Terms of Reference specific to the mission. 4. RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1- The GROUP OF CONSULTANTS The Lead Partner is in charge of coordinating and overseeing all technical activities of the TDA. He/she is responsible for the team's cohesion and the success of the other Regional Experts' activities. In addition to his/her activities directly related to the performance of the services (the TDA), and prerogatives towards the OSS, the leader will have to: ▪ Establish the overall work or operations plan of all activities; ▪ Establish a methodological note with the schedule of the interventions of the other consultants; ▪ Specify the activities mentioned in the ToR in coordination with the Regional Experts and ensure communication with the OSS; ▪ Plan and supervise the missions of the Regional Experts; ▪ Supervise the implementation of all activities of Regional Experts; ▪ Work with national experts, especially national leaders responsible for TDA development in each country ▪ Supervise and approve reports of national consultants prior to their return to national validation workshops

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▪ Be involved in most of the technical achievements of the topics that will be dedicated to Regional Experts (socio- economics, environment, climate change, legal and institutional); ▪ Prepare progress and final summary reports in accordance with the table of contents template proposed by the GEF; ▪ Oversee the other technical reports and summaries; ▪ Produce the deliverables mentioned for each topic; ▪ Present the reports to the validation workshops of the four topics (Socio-economics, Environment, Climate Change, Legal and Institutional Aspects) ▪ Present the final TDA report at the regional validation workshop and the Project Steering Committee meeting. 4.2- THE OSS The OSS will support the group of consultants by: ▪ Providing copies of available documents produced under previous projects (SAI, GICRESAIT, etc.) as well as other projects in the sub-region; ▪ Assisting the Lead Partner in identifying key individuals and / or organizations to work with; ▪ Managing all administrative and financial aspects of the project ▪ Providing feedback on key deliverables, including the mission plan, draft report and final version. 4.3- THE BENEFICIARY COUNTRY PARTNER OF THE OSS The beneficiary country will:

• Dedicate time for the group of consultants for an interview (respond to a questionnaire); • Provide existing data useful for the development of the TDA; • Facilitate its mission with the national and regional institutions of the place; • Provide copies of relevant documents at hand: reports, studies; • Provide feedback on key deliverables, draft report and final version.

5. DURATION Seven (7) months extended over twelve (12) months from the date of signature of the contract. The Lead Partner will have to schedule 03 days for the presentation of the TDA report at the Project Steering Committee meeting.

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6. THEMATIC TERMS OF REFERENCE 6.1. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF THE REGIONAL CONSULTANT TO: Develop Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for shared groundwater of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Transboundary Aquifer System (ITTAS)

1. The GEF TDA / SAP approach

The approach of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) / Strategic Action Program (TDA / SAP) recommended by the GEF (Global Environment Facility) is a highly collaborative process that has proven to be a strategic planning tool for GEF projects related to International Waters over the last 16 years. The TDA is the analytical (and technical) component that identifies and analyzes transboundary environmental problems, their impacts and their causes. The TDA relies on available and verified technical and scientific information to examine the state of the environment and the root causes of its degradation. The analysis is cross-sectoral, focusing on transboundary issues without ignoring national concerns and priorities. The TDA is a mechanism to help participating countries "agree on the facts" and create mutual trust around common problems. The TDA provides the factual basis for the formulation of a SAP. The SAP is a negotiated policy document that should be approved at the highest level of all relevant sectors of government. It sets clear priorities for action (for example, policy, legal, institutional or investment reforms) to address priority transboundary issues identified in the TDA. The components of the TDA and SAP must be highly collaborative and fully involve with the key stakeholders involved in the aquifer system. Link between the TDA and SAP The link between the TDA and SAP or the transition from the TDA to SAP is an essential step in the GEF-IW TDA / SAP process. This link must be strong enough so that the Actions to be carried out in the SAP correspond to the priority transboundary issues identified during the development of the TDA. It should be noted that during the regional workshop held in Niamey (Niger) on May 7-8, 2015, the countries selected the topics that should turn into pilot projects in the demonstration of best practices in management of shared groundwater resources (for the implementation of the SAP) : • Topic n°1 : Effective management of groundwater; • Topic n°2 : Reduction of the strong mineralization of groundwater (fluorides, ...); • Topic n°3 : Fight against pollution of various origins (mining, domestic, agricultural, industrial); • Topic n°4 : Adaptation to climate extreme events; • Topic n°5: Integrated Management / planning Surface water - Groundwater (agro-pastoral activities). For this, in defining cause-and-effect relationships, it is essential to determine where interventions (or leverage points) with the greatest potential for positive influence on the transboundary aquifer system are emerging. A leverage point is a place in a complex system (ITTAS for instance) where a small change (or modification) at a given time can produce significant changes elsewhere. Thus, determining these leverage points makes it possible to identify the points where modifications can be made to the system. Leverage points come in different forms: a change in the management of the shared resource, a change in technology (water saving), in favor of a better preservation of the resource.

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2. Proposed activities The consultant will perform, inter alia, the following main tasks: • Collect and review the documents developed within the framework of the Integrated and Coordinated Water Resources Management Project of Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Systems (GICRESAIT); • Collect and review the recent bibliography including reports of recent completed or underway projects (PARIIS9, SIIP in English); • Collect and review the documents of the initial project on the Iullemeden Aquifer System (2004-2009) in particular on the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS)10 • Collect and review the documents of the TDA and SAP as well as the SDAP (Sustainable Development Action Plan) of the Niger River Basin; • Collect and review the national TDA reports prepared by each of the national consultants of the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System countries, as well as the reports prepared by the members of the National Inter- ministerial Committees of each of the countries involved in the transboundary groundwater of the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft system Aquifer; • Collect and review reports of regional consultants on socio-economic, environmental, climate change, legal and institutional aspects (water governance) • List and review major transboundary issues identified in each of the national reports in addition to those identified in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS); revise their prioritization according to the selected criteria (some problems may be causes or consequences); compare them, draw up a list of major problems and proceed to their classification. • Describe each of the major transboundary issues identified and identify other potential transboundary issues or risks (in connection with the Niger River watershed) that may threaten the ITTAS groundwater resources; • Develop the joint causal chain analysis at the global ITTAS scale taking inspiration from one of the causal chain models provided in the Annex; • Identify leverage points where changes can be made to the ITTAS; • Draft the regional report of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis according to the plan structure template presented in the Annex; • Submit to the OSS for preliminary review, the first TDA draft final report and its transmission by the OSS to the affected countries for improvement; • Present / return the TDA document to the regional workshop for validation by the representatives of countries involved in the sustainable management of ITTAS groundwater resources; • Prepare the final version that takes into account comments and suggestions made during the regional workshop and submit it to the OSS for approval.

The report (Reporting) The consultant will produce a document on the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for groundwater in the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System according to the report structure presented in the Annex.

Expected Results At the end of the consultation, the following results will have been achieved: • Delivery of the document on the Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for groundwater of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System according to the report structure presented in the Annex. • Synthetic presentation of the document at the regional restitution and validation workshop of the document.

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Skills

The consultant should : • Have at least a University degree, Master, Engineer or Ph.D in natural resource management, especially groundwater; • A good understanding of the principles and approaches of the integrated management of Aquifer Systems especially in a transboundary context; • Have a proven experience of the TDA / SAP process; including familiarity with GEF methodologies to be used in many analyzes and GEF IW best practices: Learn • Have a highly developed communication skills, including the preparation of high quality reports; • Have excellent knowledge of French and / or English (countries are French-speaking); • Demonstrate good computer skills (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, etc.).

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Annex 6.1.1: Proposal of a Table of Contents of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

Table of contents, figures and tables Thanks Participating institutions

Summary 1. Introduction 1.1 Context 1.2 Description of the System 1.3 Objectives of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) 2. Approach of the TDA 2.1 Methodology of the TDA 2.1.1 Identification of priority transboundary issues 2.1.2 Analysis of causal chains 2.1.3 Stakeholder analysis 2.1.4 Governance Analysis 3 Basic information about the system 3.1 Geographical scope 3.2 Features 3.3 Climate characteristics 3.4 Natural Resources 3.5 Socio-economic situation 4 Priority transboundary issues 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Transboundary problem 1 4.2.2 Description of the problem and its transboundary importance 4.2.2 Main environmental impacts and socio-economic consequences 4.2.3 Links with other transboundary issues 4.2.4 Immediate, underlying and deep causes (with diagrams) 4.2.5 Knowledge Gaps 4.2. 6 Conclusions and recommendations 4.3 Transboundary problem 2 4.3.1 Description of the problem and its transboundary importance 4.3.2 Main environmental impacts and socio-economic consequences 4.3.3 Links with other transboundary issues 4.3.4 Immediate, underlying and deep causes (with diagrams) 4.3.5 Knowledge Gaps 4.3.6 Conclusions and recommendations 4.4 Transboundary problem 3 etc. 4.4.1 Description of the problem and its transboundary importance 4.4.2 Main environmental impacts and socio-economic consequences 4.4.3 Links with other transboundary issues 4.4.4 Immediate, underlying and deep causes (with diagrams) 4.4.5 Knowledge Gaps 4.4.6 Conclusions and recommendations

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5 Mapping major problems / transboundary risks 6 Stakeholder Analysis 7 Governance Analysis 8. Establishing the link between the TDA and the SAP Summary, conclusions and recommendations 9. Annexes

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Annex 6.1.2: Example of Causal Chain of the Large Marine Ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal (Ca. 2011)

Brief analysis

▪ Good level of detail ▪ No links between causes but very logic ▪ Connect causes to impacts: a good idea ▪ Easy for a decision maker to translate into action

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Annex 6.1.3: Example of causal chain of the Kura Aras River Basin (Ca. 2006)

Brief analysis ▪ Good level of detail ▪ Some links and logic ▪ Connect causes to impacts: a good idea ▪ Easy for a decision maker to translate into action

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6.2. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF A REGIONAL CONSULTANT IN SOCIO-ECONOMICS To contribute to the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for groundwater

1. Stakeholder analysis

Stakeholder analysis is needed to understand the perceptions, needs, interests and concerns of the aquifer system stakeholder groups with respect to specific transboundary environmental issues. It also identifies areas where potential tensions could arise due to different expectations and priorities for the use of common resources. For example, there may be shared beliefs about the impacts of water quality among officials of ministries of ecology in different countries. Yet, the conviction of the severity of impacts and their source may not be shared between countries and may give rise to disagreements. Finding these tensions through unbiased stakeholder analysis can be very important in the TDA process. It is important to include stakeholders from a wide range of socio-economic status and levels of education, places, professions and gender equality. Stakeholder analysis should ensure that gender is included as a variable in the use and management of water resources. Stakeholder analysis may include surveys, group meetings, individual meetings and, if necessary, informal analysis to identify key stakeholders.

2. Evaluation of socio-economic consequences

The purpose of this measure is to identify the socio-economic consequences of each transboundary priority issue identified by the countries (national inter-ministerial committees as well as national consultants). Measurements of socio-economic consequences can usually be categorized according to the level of detail in which one is impregnated. ▪ The statement - The range of socio-economic consequences associated with an issue is identified by stating the range of consequences associated with the issue; ▪ Quantification – Numbers are attached to the consequences to indicate their scales. These numbers may refer to the magnitude or frequency of events; ▪ Indicative Evaluation - The ability to present monetary values with significant benefits. Indicative values are given to the costs associated with the consequences. ▪ Total Evaluation - This higher level of evaluation takes into account all the economic costs that are associated to the consequence. The advantage of using monetary values in the event of socio-economic consequences has the inevitable advantage of being able to bring them together and compare the issues. Another benefit is that the monetary costs of an issue measure the benefit that can be obtained by addressing this issue. This indicates the maximum amount to be spent on the issue or whether the benefits exceed the cost of an action program.

3. Proposed Activities

The consultant will perform, inter alia, the following main tasks: ▪ Collect and analyze the documents of the initial project on the Iullemeden Aquifer System (2004 - 2009) in particular on the IAS Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis; ▪ Collect and analyze the documents developed as part of the project on Integrated and Coordinated Management of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft (GICRESAIT) Systems;

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▪ Collect and analyze the documents of the TDA / SAP as well as the SDAP (Sustainable Development Action Plan) of the Niger River Basin for the development of the ITTAS TDA / SAP; ▪ Collect and analyze the recent bibliography including reports of recent completed or underway projects (SIIP), relating to climate change in relation to groundwater; ▪ Collect and analyze the TDA national reports prepared by each of the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System countries, as well as the reports prepared by the members of the National Inter-ministerial Committees of each of the seven (7) countries involved in the ITTAS transboundary groundwater; ▪ Conduct, at the regional scale of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System in the country taking into account the Niger River Basin, a stakeholder analysis taking care of the gender integration as a variable, and develop a plan for their participation in the implementation of the TDA / SAP; ▪ Conduct, at the regional scale of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System taking into account the Niger River Basin, a socio-economic analysis of each of the major transboundary risks on the transboundary aquifers identified by the inter-ministerial committees in the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft aquifer basin; ▪ Analyze the socio-economic causes (fundamental causes, root causes) of each of the priority transboundary issues / risks at the regional scale of the ITTAS aquifer system; ▪ Evaluate the socio-economic consequences of each of the ITTAS priority transboundary issues; ▪ Map transboundary issues by describing their magnitude, the associated hotbeds, the geographic scale of socio-economic impacts, on the ITTAS.

4. Deliverables

At the end of his/her performance, the Consultant will prepare a document containing in particular: a) A written part describing the activities undertaken, the places visited, the people interviewed or met during the mission / consultancy, the problems encountered and other relevant data. b) A technical part describing, but not necessarily limited to: ▪ Brief description of the Project ▪ Regional Context of the Aquifer System (ITTAS); a) ITTAS regional socio-economic situation; b) Contribution of water resources (groundwater in particular); ▪ Analysis of project stakeholders including identification and diagnostic evaluation of gender mainstreaming in water resources management activities; ▪ Analyze the regional socio-economic causes (fundamental causes, root causes) of each of the priority transboundary issues / risks; ▪ Analysis / evaluation of the potential socio-economic consequences of each of the priority transboundary risks / issues on the groundwater resources of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System, and their mitigation measures; ▪ Mapping transboundary issues by describing their magnitude, the associated hotbeds, and the geographical scale of socio-economic impacts. The consultant's report will enrich the document of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for groundwater in the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System. All deliverables must be sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to fully demonstrate the scope of the analysis and efforts required to meet the mission, and include all relevant findings and recommendations. The report must be written in French and provided in electronic form.

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5. Skills

For this task, we are looking for one Expert in social sciences or a qualified socio-economist or rural sociology expert. More specifically, he/she will have to meet the following profile: • Have at least a Master's degree, Engineer or Ph.D in socio-economics or Rural Sociology or equivalent degree; • have a minimum of 10 years’ experience in the formulation of socio-economic studies of development projects related to the management of groundwater resources; • Have a good understanding of the principles and approaches of integrated management of aquifer systems and river basins, especially in a transboundary context; • Experience in project intervention areas would be an asset. The consultant will ensure the participation of a gender expert in the project, who will help him / her better manage sensitivities related to traditional cultures where the roles of men and women vary considerably.

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6.3. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF AN Environmentalist REGIONAL CONSULTANT: Contributing to the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for groundwater

1. Environmental impact analysis

The purpose of this step is to examine the impact of each major transboundary priority issue on the environment. This should not be confused with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which is an instrument for identifying and assessing the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project. A logical approach to facilitate the process is the development of a robust and relevant status of the environment, the impact and pressure indicators for which data are available. These indicators will have several forms of use: ▪ The Status indicators are used to describe physical and geographic characteristics, socio-economic and environmental status; ▪ The impact indicators describe and quantify the impacts of each transboundary issue; it is recommended to collect information from the last 10 or 20 years if possible; ▪ Pressure indicators justify causal chains developed to address transboundary priority issues. At the end of the analysis of each transboundary risk, the consultant will have to suggest actions to be undertaken (or the strategy (ies) to be developed) to reduce the corresponding transboundary risk.

2. Economic evaluation of environmental goods and services

In order to achieve an effective TDA and to design a country-approved SAP, it is necessary to have at least an approximation of the economic value of environmental11 goods and services for the Iullemeden-Taoudéni Tanezrouft Aquifer system. The resulting thematic report will serve as a reference in the development phases of the SAP, as it creates a basis for sound decisions on the allocation of financial resources. This economic assessment of environmental goods and services helps convince countries to invest in actions demonstrated in the SAP (a positive return on their investment).

3. Proposed Activities

The consultant will perform, inter alia, the following main tasks: ▪ Collect and analyze the documents of the initial project on the Iullemeden Aquifer System (2004 - 2009) in particular on the IAS Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis; ▪ Collect and analyze the documents developed as part of the project on Integrated and Coordinated Management of Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft (GICRESAIT) Systems; ▪ Collect and analyze the documents of the TDA / SAP as well as the SDAP (Sustainable Development Action Plan) of the Niger River Basin for the development of the ITTAS TDA / SAP; ▪ Collect and analyze the national reports of the TDA prepared by each of the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System countries, as well as the reports prepared by the members of the national inter-ministerial committees of the ITTAS transboundary groundwater countries ▪ Conduct, at the regional portion of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System, taking into account the Niger River basin, an analysis of the environmental impacts of each of the major transboundary risks on transboundary aquifers, identified by the inter-ministerial committees in the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft aquifer basin;

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▪ Conduct an environmental goods and services analysis, at the regional portion of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System, with the aim of avoiding, reducing and eliminating each of the identified major transboundary risks, preserving and maintaining natural resources (particularly groundwater) and thereby avoiding their depletion. This analysis will take into account the reports produced by the national consultants; ▪ Mapping major issues by describing the geographic extent of the issue, the hotbeds that are associated with the transboundary issue and the geographical scale of the environmental impacts.

4. Deliverables

At the end of his/her performance, the Consultant will prepare a report containing, in particular: c) A written part describing the activities undertaken, the places visited, the people interviewed or met during the mission / consultancy, the problems encountered and other relevant data. d) A technical part describing, but not necessarily limited to : ▪ Brief description of the project ▪ Regional Context of the ITTAS aquifer system - Biophysical environment, water resources (ground and surface water) - Environmental situation in the project intervention zone - Political, administrative and legal environment framework - Approval mechanism for the environmental impact studies ▪ Analysis of potential environmental impacts and their mitigation measures on the groundwater resources of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System; ▪ Economic evaluation of environmental goods and services. The consultant's report will enrich the Document of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for groundwater in the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System. All deliverables must be sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to fully demonstrate the scope of the analysis and efforts required to observe the mission and include all relevant findings and recommendations. The report must be written in French and provided in electronic form.

5. Skills

The consultant should : • Have at least a Master's degree, Engineer or Ph.D in Environment or Natural Resources Management; • Have proven expertise in environmental management and assessment, with 10 years of experience in this field and having conducted similar work; • Be able to identify and analyze the technical and institutional constraints related to the ecosystems of sub- Saharan basins or similar basins; • Have a good understanding of the principles and approaches to integrated management of aquifer systems and river basins, especially in a transboundary context; • Having knowledge of GEF environmental and social safeguard policies and their implementation in investment projects is highly desirable. • A good understanding of the principles and approaches of integrated management of aquifer systems and river basins, especially in a transboundary context. • Highly developed communication skills, including the preparation of high quality reports • Excellent knowledge of French and / or English (countries are French speaking); • Computer skills (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, etc.).

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6.4. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF A REGIONAL CONSULTANT in Climate Change

Contributing to the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for groundwater

1. Variability and climate change: Is this a transboundary problem of international waters? A fundamental cause?

Until recently, climate change was considered to go beyond the scope of the intervention of GEF (GEF-IW) Projects and therefore of any TDA / SAP process. There is a real lack of research or monitoring data on the influence of climate variability / change on groundwater resources in transboundary aquifers. However, many of the transboundary issues identified in most development agency projects are reinforced (positively or negatively) by climate change. Climate change has also been recognized as an important factor (or the fundamental cause) of many other transboundary issues. For example, changes in biodiversity, loss of ecosystems, eutrophication, invasive species, and water table are all affected by climate change to different extents. Therefore, whether or not climate change is considered a transboundary problem, its impacts (in terms of both cause and impact) need to be well understood for future interventions to be both resilient and adaptable.

2. Proposed Activities

The consultant will perform, inter alia, the following main tasks: ▪ Collect and review the documents of the initial project on the Iullemeden Aquifer System (2004 - 2009) in particular on the IAS Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis; ▪ Collect and review the documents developed as part of the project on Integrated and Coordinated Management of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft (GICRESAIT) Systems; ▪ Collect and review the documents of the TDA / SAP as well as the SDAP (Sustainable Development Action Plan) of the Niger River Basin for the development of the ITTAS TDA / SAP; ▪ Collect and review the national TDA reports prepared by each of the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System countries, as well as the reports prepared by the members of the National Inter-ministerial Committees of each of the seven (7) countries involved in the ITTAS transboundary groundwater; ▪ Identify the most vulnerable groups to climate variability / change at the regional scale and perform an analysis of the specific needs of each group in terms of awareness raising on global warming and climate change adaptation; ▪ Conduct, at the regional Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System taking into account the Niger River Basin, an analysis of the impacts of the climate variability / change of each of the major transboundary risks identified by the inter-ministerial committee in the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft aquifer basin;

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3. Deliverables

At the end of his/her performance, the Consultant will prepare a document containing in particular: e) A written part describing the activities undertaken, the places visited, the people interviewed or met during the mission / consultancy, the problems encountered and other relevant data. f) A technical part describing, but not necessarily limited to: ▪ Brief description of the project ▪ State of knowledge on climate change at the ITTAS; ▪ Regional political, administrative and legal framework for climate variability / change ▪ Analysis of the impacts / consequences of identified climate risk (s) on the groundwater resources of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System; ▪ Measures to combat, adapt or mitigate the identified climate risk (s) on groundwater resources ; The consultant's report will enrich the Document of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for groundwater in the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System. All deliverables must be sufficiently comprehensive and detailed to fully demonstrate the scope of the analysis and efforts required to observe the mission, and include all relevant findings and recommendations. All reports must be written in French and provided in electronic form.

4. Skills

• Have at least a Master's degree, Engineer or Ph.D in climatology, environment and natural resources management, or any other related field ; • Have a minimum of ten (10) years of experience in various related fields such as national and international climate policies and measures; • Experience in integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation measures into development interventions in West Africa, or field operations involving climate change in the region; • Being skillful in using standard Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint) • A good understanding of the principles and approaches of integrated management of aquifer systems and river basins, especially in a transboundary context. • Proven ability to discuss, negotiate and facilitate intergovernmental consultations in the region; • Good knowledge of GEF procedures and structures; • Highly developed communication skills, including the preparation of high quality reports • Excellent knowledge of French or English (countries are French-speaking), • Computer skills (MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power Point, etc.).

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6.5. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF A REGIONAL LEGAL CONSULTANT TO:

Develop Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) for shared groundwater of the Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Transboundary Aquifer System (ITTAS)

1. Introduction

Within the framework of the GICRESAIT project of "Integrated and Coordinated Management of Water Resources of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems, and the Niger River", 2010-2017, diagnostic studies were conducted by an independent legal consultant in the aim of setting up a Consultation Mechanism for the Integrated and Coordinated Management of the Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems. Two documents / reports were produced and validated by the countries during a regional restitution and validation workshop held in Abuja on March 24-25, 2014: 1) "In-depth legal and institutional analysis for the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS) and initiated for the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System (TAS)" 2) «Preliminary Proposals on a Consultation Mechanism at the Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System: Draft Memorandum of Understanding». The work resulted in a Memorandum of Understanding on the creation of a Consultation Mechanism for the Integrated and Coordinated Management of Water Resources in the Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems. The meeting of Ministers or their Representatives held in Abuja on March 28, 2014 adopted the principle of providing the Aquifer System with a Consultation Mechanism for the Integrated and Coordinated Management of the Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems. The MoU document was signed by Benin, Mali, Niger and Nigeria and is expected to be ratified by Algeria, Burkina Faso and Mauritania.

2. Proposed Activities

The consultant will perform, inter alia, the following main tasks: ▪ Collect and review the documents prepared as part of the project on Integrated and Coordinated Water Resources Management of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni / Tanezrouft (GICRESAIT) Systems, in particular the two reports of the Legal Consultant and the Memorandum of Understanding establishing an Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems Consultation Mechanism; ▪ Collect and review the documents of the initial project on the Iullemeden Aquifer System (2004-2009) in particular on the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Iullemeden Aquifer System (SAI)12 ; ▪ Collect and review documents of the TDA and SAP as well as the SDAP (Sustainable Development Action Plan) of the Niger River Basin; ▪ Collect and review the reports prepared by the national legal consultants and the members of the National Inter-ministerial Committees of each of the affected countries by the transboundary groundwater of the Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System;

12 Hydrogeological Risk Management Project in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (IAS)

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▪ Update the analysis of water management legislations, policies and institutions for the affected 7 countries, paying attention to both Surface water - Groundwater management as well as recent national, regional and international initiatives. For this : o Interact with representatives of Ministries and agencies in the countries by all appropriate means of communication, in order to collect all relevant information related to Surface water - Groundwater management; o Collect, analyze and evaluate national regulations, bilateral and / or multilateral agreements, as well as legal and institutional documents relevant to such conjunctive management; ▪ Submit to the OSS for preliminary review, the first draft final version of the documents; ▪ Present / return the reports to the regional workshop for validation by the representatives of the involved institutions with sustainable management of these underground water resources; ▪ Prepare the final version that takes into account comments and suggestions made during the regional workshop and submit it to the OSS for approval.

3. Expected products

At the end of the consultation, the following products must be delivered: • An updated report of national legal and institutional analysis focusing on the conjunctive Groundwater and Surface Water management; • A proposal / suggestion to update the Memorandum of Understanding on the Consultation Mechanism for the Iullemeden and Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System

4. Skills

The consultant must be a lawyer preferably specialized in water law and / or natural resources, with good command of the French and / or English language, depending on the country. He/she should have a minimum experience of 15 years especially in the following areas: • Integrated and coordinated management of water resources; • Water management issues, priorities, strategies, particularly in West and North Africa; • The formulation of water policies and enforcement processes related to transboundary waters; • Development of regulatory texts on environment and water in particular; • Institutional development on environment and water, including international waters ; • Preparing, conducting and animating the workshops.

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7. DOCUMENTS TO SEE ▪ OSS, 2017. Final summary. ▪ OSS, 2017. Atlas of Water Resources of the Transboundary Iullemeden-Taoudéni / Tanezrouft Aquifer System Countries. ▪ OSS, 2017. Hydrogeology and areas with high potential. ▪ OSS, 2017. Hydrogeological modeling. ▪ OSS, 2017. Hydro-climatology and impacts of climate change on aquifers. ▪ OSS, 2014. Integrated and Coordinated Water Resources Management of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni- Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems and the Niger River (GICRESAIT) [Advocacy]/ OSS. _OSS: Tunis, 2014. - 16pp. ▪ OSS, 2014. Integrated and Coordinated Water Resources Management of the Iullemeden, Taoudéni- Tanezrouft Aquifer Systems and the Niger River (GICRESAIT) [Interactive CD]/ OSS. _OSS: Tunis, 2014. ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: transboundary diagnostic analysis. Volume I\ OSS. _ OSS : Tunis, 2011. _ 112p. ; 21cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-41-8 ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: Common database. Volume II\ OSS. _ Tunis, 2011. _ 98p. ; 21cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-42-5 ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: Hydrogeological model. Volume III \ OSS. _ OSS: Tunis, 2011. _ 90p. _ 21 cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-43-2 ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: Participatory management of transboundary risks. Volume IV \ OSS. _ OSS: Tunis, 2011._ 54p. . _ 21 cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-44-9 ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: Monitoring and evaluation of transboundary aquifers. Volume V\ OSS. _ OSS : Tunis, 2011._ 46p. _ 21 cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-45-6 ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: Policy elements for transboundary risk reduction \ OSS. _ OSS : Tunis, 2011._ 57p. . _ 15x21 cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-46-3 ▪ OSS, 2011. Iullemeden Aquifer System: GEF TDA /SAP approach applied to IAS \ OSS. _ OSS : Tunis, 2011. _ 45p. . _ 15x21 cm. _ ISBN : 978-9973-856-47-0

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