For Physical Research

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The National CONSERVATION AND AMENITY Institute ADVISORY SERVICE for Physical Planning and Construction Research

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN COUNTY MONAGHAN

YC.3.,r, F'CiC1 B `1 L. Farrell, Al' I. t. , Research Assistant.

St. Martins House Waterloo Road August, 1972 Dublin 4 An F-olr -1 -3 For art a

T-, - - The National CONSERVATION AND AMENITY Institute ADVISORY SERVICE for Physical Planning and Construction Research

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST IN ,COUNTY MONAGHAN

TeachMhairtin Bothar Waterloo L. Farrell, Ath Cliath 4 Research Assistant.

'Telefon 64211 St. Martin's House Waterloo Road August, 1972. Dublin 4 CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE NO._

A Preface 1

Vulnerability of Habitats

General Introduction

Explanation of the criteria used 9 in rating areas and deciding on their priority

E Table summarising the sites visited 11

Detailed reports on the sites 15

Table summarising the priority of the 100 sites and recommendations for their protection

0 FOREWORD

This report is based on data abstracted fromthe files of the Conservation and Amenity Section, Planning Division, An ForasForbartha, from the published literature and from several periods of field workduring August 1971 and 1972. It is. a preliminary survey upon which it is hopedfurther research will be base

The maps which appear in this reportare reproduced from the Ordnance Survey by permission of the Government.(Licence No. 121/72).

The help of Mr. Frank Keelaghan and other officersof Monaghan County Council is gratefully acknowledged.

0 SECTION A. Preface The abundance of open countryside in Ireland is immediately apparentto anyone visiting the island. Although much of the land isartifically fertilized, a large percentage is used as pasture, and eventhough the " natural composition of the grassland has been modified, it hasnot been

ploughed and destroyed. _ Vast areas of upland blanket bog and the red raised bogs of the Midlands still exist and many milesof hedgerows border the small fields.

One habitat which has been decimated over the centuries iswoodland. Many of the original deciduous woods have been felled and notreplaced. Planting , of coniferous species on marginal land has compensated for theloss in numbers, but not in ecological interest.

Ireland is rich in archaeological and geological sites also, andit is this environmental and aesthetic diversity which is our national heritage -a heritage which requires and demands the full attention of ourintellect if we are to continue to exist in harmony with it andto ensure its survival.

This particular report is concerned with county planning in relationto sites of scientific interest.Often these areas are of educational importance and of recreational value. What we are concerned with at thepresent time is the integration of these various interests with the actual physical natureof the countryside.

At the moment the Conservation and Amenity Advisory Service isattempting to visit, describe and record areas of natural and semi-natural habitatsthroughout the country. Localities of specific importance i.e. noted for theoccurrence of a rare species or rare natural phenomenon, are alsolisted. Once representative examples have been delimited, the development of the areaof interest and that of the surroundings has to be consideredas a whole unit. For example, if an area of marshland is considered tobe of particular

I. scientific interest, then a drainage scheme in the neighbourhood could destroy the habitat.

Having previously stated that Ireland has a wealth of naturalphenomena, is it possible to define the value in concrete terms?The key to the situation is that of diversity. The intricate network of grassland,mountains, lakesand woods provides an ever-changing vista forus to enjoy. Because of the diversity too, of human nature, thereare many different ways in which we enjoy the countryside.In order to rationalize the situation, four categories may be distinguished - one particular area may be importantfor amenity, recreational, scientific or educational reasons,or a combination of all four. The present problem is how to combine all these interestsin that area, and it is at this stage that the work of thelocal authorities becomes important. Robert Boote summarizes this importance ina statement issued at the 7th session of the.European Conference of Local Authorities- 'Local authorities hold the key to thesuccess of conservation in Europe. They carry out a wide range of functions which havea direct impact upon the physical environment. Planning and education- two of the most formative aspects of modern society - are of prime importance here.Local authorities can also develop and manage considerableareas of land and water and most have powers to create new amenities and landscapes. In theseand numerous other ways, they are well equipped to conserve and enhancethose qualities of the environment that contribute so much to the lifeand heritage of European man'.

(Reference : Conservation - The Human Environment Published by An Foras Forbartha, December 1971) SECTION B

VULNERABILITY OF HABITATS

Areas of scientific interest can be damaged in many ways.They can be completely destroyed by scrub or tree, clearance, by turf cuttingor by arterial drainage, or they can suffer insidiously through pollution, fertili- sation, grazing or overuse for recreation.

In the past Monaghan was probably well wooded.At the beginning of the

9P nineteenth century the uplands were described as 'till lately wooded'and stunted undergrowth was found at the foot of the hills.The Ordnance Survey recorded that within memory the hills were covered with thorn,hazel, birch and alder scrub of great size and value, but itwas cut on the expiration of leases and used for domestic fuel.There were also woods on.the northern borders of the county on the eastern side of SlieveBeagh.

Today very little woodland exists in the county.It is mainly within the estates that remnants are found, and quite often the naturaldeciduous wood-, land has now been underplanted with conifers.

In the limestone areas, patches of developing scrubland canbe seen.The problem of maintaining areas of open grassland and examplesof scrubland is encountered here.Some areas need to be managed in order to conserve the grassland species and others left to evolve naturally.Research into forms of management is at present in progress, but inorder to study the problem it is necessary to have experimental areas and controlplots which are left to evolve naturally.If sufficient areas cease to exist then it is impossible to find a solution to managing the few relictpatches.

Another habitat which has been drastically reduced is that ofthe peatlarid. E. P. Shirley in his 'History of County Monaghan' publishedin 1879 states:

3. It would appear by ancient surveys that the morasses andbogs in this county were at one time very considerable; they have oflate years so greatly decreased (being cut out and turned into meadows) ,that the want of fuel is being very seriously felt.'

Very few areas of peatland remain.The only extensive area is above 1 , 000 feel- on Slieve Beagh.Below this, the mountain is afforested or is sown grassland.Although it is unlikely that the whole hillside will beplanted, owing to the adverse climatic conditions for tree survival, asmuch as possible of the present blanket peat should be left intact,to serve as an ecological example of this type of habitat.

The threat of drainage in Monaghan is a -remote problembecause of the t numerous small loughs and the interposing drumlins.But recently the effect of effluents from farms, factories and houses has been broughtto our attention by the algal blooms mainfested as a thick green scumon the water surface, the decrease in the oxygen content of the water, andhence the death of many fish.Lough Naglack and Lough Egish are two such examples.The need for better sewerage control of fertilizer run-off and discharge of industrial waste is very apparent.Algal blooms do not result from one large discharge of effluent into a water system, it is thegradual enrichment of the water over a number of years which finally causes thescum to.form and the water to become deoxygenated.The result of ignoring sources of pollution has now been thrust back to us by the environmentand it is now that action must be taken before the situation becomes-irreversible.

Continual pressure from grazing or trampling can result in soilerosion, particularly on the shallow limestone soils.Short grassland swards which are popular as picnic areas, especially around lake margins. soonshow signs of wear if the same pathways are followed each time.Over-grazing has a similar effect and the additional effect of selecting out theless robust plant species, so that a few coarse resistant species are allthat remain.This type of-grassland is known as 'species-poor' and is of littlevalue as grazing land or as a botanical example. The few areas of natural woodland which arestill to be found, the blanket peat of Slieve Beagh and the restricted areasof limestone grasslands , are the most vulnerable habitats in Monaghan at thepresent time and it is with these areas that we should be primarilyconcerned.

S. SECTION C

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

County Monaghan has a total acreageof 319,849 of which 6,617acres are water.Lough Muckno near Castleblaney isthe largest sheet of water; Lough Egish near Shantonagh, the Dromoreloughs between Coctehill and B Ballybay and the Bawn lake system alsonear Shantonagh are the other extensive areas of water.The rest of the 6,617 acres is composedof hundreds of small lakes in the hollowsbetween the drumlins.

Many of the loughs in the limestoneregions have a narrow shelf around the perimeter which is colonised bya lime-loving species, Chara (stonewort). Further in,the loughs shelve steeply.The acidic loughs are usually surrounded by Common Reed and do not have suchan interesting flora.

The Ulster. Canal runs rightacross the northern part of the county, from the border near Middletown in theeast to Clones in the west.For much of its length it is filled with vegetation andhas not been navigable for manyyears.

Geologically, Monaghan consists ofseveral rock types which are reflected in the different topographical and vegetationpatterns.At the far north and south, the upper limestone outcrops formingsmall knolls, many of which have been quarried.The remaining areas support patches of richgrassland or developing thorn scrub, both of whichare of great ecological interest.

In the north-western comer, the sandstones,shales and grits of the Yoredale Series form the hillside of Slieve Beagh.This is the highest point in Monaghan, rising to 1,200 feet.

The central part of the county consists entirelyof Silurian rocks , the land lying mainly between the 300 and 500 ft.contour.This region is less interesting ecologically, the main itemsof note being the reeded lough systems. Another feature connected with the basic geology, is the seriesof caves to the west of Carrickmacros s , in the softlimestones.Twelve caves have been described and two of them mapped in detail.Descriptions of all the caves are included in the site reports.

During the fieldwork for the preparation of this report, manynew records for plant species were discovered.This is due mainly to the lack of previous botanical work in the county.Monaghan has always been considered an uninteresting botanical district, but this view originates from lack ofknow- ledge and research rather than being based on. facts .Only a short period of time in the field produced ten new county records,two of these being rare species, indicating that further searching would probably yield many more items of interest.

In the estates of Lough Fea and Glaslough are twoherds of Fallow Deer, both containing a population of approximately 60 animals.They were originally imported from England and continue to breed successfully. Badger, -fox, hedgehog, woodmouse, pine marten, rabbit, red squirrel and hareare other mammals which have been recorded from the county.

Very little ornithological data has been accumulated.The areas worth noting in this context are the Bawn loughs, Lough Egishand Lough Fea demesne.. An atlas of Irish birds showing distribution, is inprogress, but detailed studies of particular areas are needed.

Literature on items of scientific interest in County Monaghan issparse but it is hoped that this report will provide a reasonablebasis from which can be taken guidelines to further research.

f 7. REFERENCES

Coleman, J. C. 1965 Caves of Ireland

McCracken, E. 1971 The Irish Woods since Tudor Times. David & Charles, Newton Abbot.

Praeger, R. L. 1934 The Botanist in Ireland. Hodges, Figgis & Co. Ltd., Dublin.

Shirley, E. P. 1879 History of County Monaghan. London. 4)

8* SECTION D

RATING OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC IMPORTANCE

This is a measure of the relative importance of areasof scientific importance.

The importance of each area is indicated in terms ofthe following categories:

International Importance

1 . Only area of its type in Europe. V 2. One of the few such localities in Europe. 3. One of a natural series in Europe. 4. Recognised international importance. 5. Specialised educational importance.

National Importance 1. Only area of its type in Ireland.

2. . One of a few such localities in Ireland. 3. One of a natural series in Ireland. 4. Recognised national importance. 5. General or specialised educational importance.

Regional Importance

1 . Only area of its type in province. 2. One of a few localities in Ireland. 3. One of a natural series in region. 4.- Fine example of its kind. s 5. General or specialised educational importance.

Local Importance

1 . Only area of its. type in county. 2. One of a few localities in province. 3. Fine example of its kind. 4. General educational importance. 9. PRIORITY OF AREAS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST

This is a measure of the relativeurgency necessary for protection of the areas of scientific importance.

Each site is given a priority rating of A, --Bor C .

The rating of any area is based ona combination of the following criteria:- a) the importance of the area b) the vulnerability of the area c) the nature and imminence ofany threats to the area. ..

10. 0 Area Map Grid Reference Rating Priority Scientific Interest OHt7 1. Lough Fea Demesne 1 QQ H. 83 7 .021 Regional A Ecological, Botanical, Geological, Rich limestone grass- riz 2. Loughand environs Naglack ?21 H. 856.028 Regional B Zoological.Ecological,Ornithological.land, cave, Botanical, marsh, Ornithological, mixed woodland. 3.. MineCarrickmacross Gypsum 3 (.7,;5 H. 811.052 Regional B Limestonelogical.HabitatEcological, diversity. grassland, Botanical, several Geomorpho- caves . 4.5. Slieve.BeaghScrublandCarrickashedoge near Church 4 P Z91 Q, 3z- H. 832550.430 .990 Regional B Ecological.DevelopingEcological, Botanical.scrubland. 6. Carfickmacross Caves 6 3H 3H. H. 820.048 Regional C Geomorphological,Blanket peat. Ecological. 7.8. DrumreaskeCastleblaney Lough Drumlin area 7 P+e.io H.H. 850.190 643.350 RegionalLocal LimestoneEcological,GoodGeomorphological, example lough Botanical. of andthe Ecological. Drumlinwoodland. Belt. Area 9. Bawn Loughs Map No. r 9 p.45 H.Grid 702.110 Reference LocalRating Priority B Ecological,Scientific Interest Ornithological, Botanical. 10. Creevy Lough 10 F 4-j H. 830.070 Local B SeveralEcological,Reeded interesting loughs. Botanical. plant species. 12'.11. Wright'sBlack Lough Wood 1211 P. 9- H. 652700.117 .323 Local CC ReededOrnithological,ExampleEcological, lough. of ashBotanical. Botanical. woods near Monaghan. .14. 13. SpringMonalty Loughs Lough 1413 F ,5G P Sq H. 867.043868.028 Local C Ecological,Reeded limestone Botanical.Ornithological. lough. 15. . 15 B Limestone Lough with small peat area. 16. QuarryPriestfieldRossmore near SmithboroughCastle,Lough 16 J°b H. 652.308 LocalLocal C vegetation.MixtureEcological, of introduced Botanical, and Ornithological. natural 17. Ulster Canal 18, 19 17 P6$ H.H. 629.325586.299642.327 627.294 to Local C RefugeEcological,Silurian area. quarry. Botanical.Botanical, Geological. 41 Q 0 Area Map No. Grid Reference Rating Priority Scientific Interest 19.18. andDrumgoleTassan Quarry Lough Lough 2120 P H. 797.261591.193 Local C EcologicalSmallEcological, Tough Botanical. surrounded by acid marsh. , Botanical. 21.20. Gibson'sBallyhoe Lough Lough 23 & 24 P $1 22 83 H. 686.123850.958 Local C Ecological,'Floating Marsh'. Botanical. 23.22. QuigloughLough Ross Reservoir 2625 P P g 7 H. 897..633.355 159 Local C FloatingEcological,Limestone marsh. Lough.Botanical.Botanical, Zoological. 24. Lough Smiley 27 P $ H. 817.214 Local C Andevelopment,Ecological, example of Botanical. successional . 26.25. SmallCordoo Lough Lough near Dromore 2928 P 9 P q1 H.11. 732.238 368.188 LocalLocal C Ecological,Botanical.Floating marsh. Botanical. (-?. ;J0. . Area Map No. 30 Grid Reference Rating Priority B Scientific Interest 28.27. LoughGlaslough Egish 31 f? f H. 725.415790.135 RegionalLocal Ornithological.MagnificentZoological.Ecological, Botanical, conifers: shelteredOrnithological, lakes.

s SECTION F

Name of Area LOUGH FEA DEMESNE ACID ENVIRONS Acreage 98 Grid Reference H. 83 7, 021 Scientific Interest Botanical, Geological, Geomorphological, Oiriithologic al Rating Regional Priority A

Description of Site. About two miles south of Carrickmacross to the west ofa road junction, are two small fields of limestone grassland which are extremelyrich in varieties and numbers of orchids.Several rock outcrops provide another habitat in which uncommon species grow. A small marsh inthe hollow also adds to the ecological diversity and the woodlands withinthe demesne itself yield several interesting species.J.C.Coleman mentions a cave -

'entrance about 2 ft. square and inside there is asloping passage 30 ft. in length.It terminates in a chamber about 7 Ft. high witha short ascending fissure to the right.' -Kilmactrashna Cave.

The limestone areas in the county are restricted to smalloutcrops in the south and in the N.W.,and so good examples of a limestone flora and fauna are relatively restricted.This area near Lough Fea Demesne is of outstanding botanical interest even though it is small in extent.Such is the abundance of species, that it is worthy of conservation.

On the rock outcrops Bromus erectus (upright Brome) is foundon the - East facing slopes.This is a rare species in Ireland and this sitingrepresents a new county record.Herbaceous species in flower include - Chrysanthemum _.::canthemum (Ox-eye Daisy) Hieracium pilose!j.u (Mouse-ear Hawkweed) Hyoericum pulchrL.m (Beautiful St. John's Wort) Lotus corniculatus (Bird's-foot Trefoil) Pimpinella saxifraga (Burnet Saxifrage)

15. Small bushes of Rosa caning (Dog Rose) and Crataegus monogyna(Hawthorn are scattered on the hillocks.

The surrounding grassland is dominated by Briza media (Quaking Grass), Siealingia decumbers (Heath Grass), and Care.>: flacca (Glaucous Sedge). Flowering herbaceous species include:-

Anthyllis vulneraria (Kidney Vetch) Antennaria dioica (Pearly Everlasting) Euphrasia nemorosa (Eyebright) Linum catharticum (Fairy Flax) Prunella vulgaris (Self Heal)

Throughout the grassland and hundreds of Fragrant and Common Spotted Orchids.Five species of orchid were recorded altogether.

The wet hollow shows vegetational zonation.Three zones can be distinguished - a) Outer area dominated by Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) b) Middle zone with Potentilla anserina (Silverweed) as the dominant species. c) Central zone, essentially a sedge community with Carex nigra and Carex vesicaria.

In the very wet areas grow Baldellia ranunculoides (Lesser WaterPlantain) and Potamogeton natans (Common Pondweed) and Oenanthe aauatica, (Fine-leaved Water Dropwort).

The Lough Fea woods consist mainly of magnificent beech trees,about 120 feet in height, together with some Ash, Scots Pine, Larch,Sycamore and Oak.The ground flora along the eastern boundary-is a complete swardof Mercurialis perennis (Dog's Mercury) which is rare in Ireland.It is introduced in most of the localities as it is here,and native in very few areas. Further into the demesne Birch trees and conifers replace thebeech.

Among the more uncommon breeding birds are Blackcaps and jays,but the area in general holds most of the common species. 16' Threats to the Area New bungalows are being built nearbythe grassland area and several. caravans are sited along theroadside.The Lough Fea demesne itself is unlikely to be threatened.

Recommendations Because of the richness of the grasslandand its limited extent within the county, a Conservation Order for the areais recommended.

17. B 63511

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'6I Name of. Area LOUGH NAG LAC K Acreage 62 Grid Reference H 656, 028 Scientific Interest Ecological, Botanical, Ornithological and Zoological Rating Regional

Priority B

Description of Site The most interesting part of the area is at theNorth-eastern end where a marsh and small limestone slope are enclosed by two areasof woodland. Most of the lough is fringed by trees and tothe south-east is the Hotel Nuremore in front of which is a golf course stretchingdown to the lakeshore. One small, wooded island, situated in the centre ofthe lough provides a nesting site for a family of herons.

The woodlands of the north and east sides are planted.They are mainly beech with some sycamore, conifers and laurel.

Although the limestone grassland is very restricted, the plant community is very rich, being a fairly open sward with Brizamedia (Quaking Grass) the dominant grass. A wild species of flax found thereduring this visit represents a new inland station and its most northerly situationin Ireland.

Nearby this patch of-grassland is a marsh with numerous inflorescencesof the Common Spotted Orchid acts lorhizafuchsii) and the sedges

Carex disticha,Carex hirta and Carex rostrata.

Previous records of aquatic species from the lough include several- Characeae or stoneworts:- Chara aspera var. desmacantha Chara -contraria Chara fragilis ver. capillacea Chara hispida

21. Chara hispida var. rudis Chara oolycantha Thisfamily. of algae are usually found in limestone lakes. suchas Lough Naglack.Zanicholla palustris (Horned Pondweed), a rare species in Ireland, has also been recorded from the North-eastern part.

Several bones of the Irish Giant Deer (Cervus giganteus) havebeen found in the mud of the lough.

The lough would make a good educational area, having severaldifferent ecological habitats and being within easy reach of Carrickmacross and Castleblaney.

Threats to the area The lough is bordered by secondary roads to the north,south and east. The Hotel Nuremore grounds and a golf course are tothe west. Although further development may take. place the woodland and shoreline vegetation of the lough should remain as they add to theamenity value of the area.

.Pollution of the lough in recent years has resulted fromorganic enrichment and the fauna of the lough has been seriously affected.

Recommendations

General planning control for the area is needed and aninvestigation of the sources of pollution. Control of effluent in the district isobviously necessary. 166,1

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24 Name of Area CARRICKMACROSS GYPSUM MINE Grid Reference I. 311, 052 Acreage 19 Scientific Interest Geomorphological, Botanical, Ecological Rating Regional

Priority B

Description of Site The mine is now disused and the entrances are blockedup.The rock outcrops and the surrounding grassland are of botanical interest. A The grassland is dominated by Briza media (Quaking Grass) andhas several uncommon species growing in it. Orobanche minor (Lesser Broomrape) Gentianella amarella (Autumn Felwort) Geranium columbinum (Dove's-foot CranesBill)

There are two caves in this small area.Both are described by J.C. Coleman in 'Caves of Ireland'.

1 .Puthewarntagh is a steep drop surrounded by a circle ofscrub in the grassland to the south of the quarry.

Coleman describes it as - 'a large conical hollow above30 feet deep and the stream from Lugadadorris flows into it through an opening7 feet wide and 3 -4 feet high.

The stream divides and one branch flows across the pitinto fissured limestone.The other branch cascades into a light, boulder-filled passage which can be followed for 75 feet to a chamber,where the stream slides off

rapidly through a horizontal slot. . "

2. Lugadadorris is a large irregular hollow with two entrancesor 'doorways' .leading down to a stream passage.A pool below. is used as a well by. the

25. farmhouse immediately north of the cave.Upstream the cave can be explored for 188 feet to a point where a rockis a .'skylight' and an upward climb of 20 feet leads out into the vegetable gardenof the farmhouse. The downstream passage from Lugadadorris is a fine gallery 4-7 feethigh through which the stream meanders..There is extensive scalloping in the same r direction as a waterflow and some dripstone is displayed.Towards the end, the passage becomes a 2 ft-high bedding cave,, and ata point 370 feet from Lugadadorris, emerges into the open pit called Putherwarntagh.

Threats to the Area None apparent.

Recommendations General planning control for the area should be considered.

26. C 169;1)

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t> Name of Area SCRUBLAND NEAR CARRICKASHEDOGE CHURCH Grid Reference N. 832. 990. Acreage 29 Scientific Interest Botanical, Ecological Rating Regional Priority B

Description of Site Many small limestone outcrops are to be found aroundthe church. Parts are still open grassland, but bushes of hawthornand blackthorn have invaded much of the area .Later stages of scrub colonization can be seen to the north of the church, where ash and hazelare the main species. Several small quarries are still being worked to the north-west.

The grassland itself is fairly species rich with i0 grassesand 25 herbaceous species .Those worthy of note are: - Thymus drucei (Wild Thyme) which is uncommon: inland and certainlyrare in Co. Monaghan. Anthyllis vulneraria (Kidney Vetch) again uncommon in Monaghan. Gentianella amarella (Autumn Felwort) uncommon. Platanthera chloranthera (Butterfly Orchid) a local species, i.e. restricted in its distribution within areas.

There are relatively few areas of limestone grassland within thecounty and very few examples of developing scrubland. Assuch, this is a good example.

Threats to the Area Quarrying in the area would destroy the existing vegetation, butit seems unlikely to be extensive. A new bungalow is being buildon one area of grassland by the roadside - the construction of more housesto the south would destroy most of the developing scrubland.

Recommendations General planning control is necessary for the area.

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31. Name of Area SLIEVE BEACH Grid Reference H. 550. 430. Acrea e Scientific Interest Ecological Ra tin Regional Priorit C

Description.- of Site For the most part the upland is plantedwith conifers but above the 1,000 ft. contour line blanket peat bog exists .Areas of bog are uncommon in the county so this area is of particular interest.

Two of the many small upland loughs wereinvestigated. Lough Meenish at 600 feet, is an elliptical lough with a narrowfringe of Phragmites communis (Common Reed) backed by Willow and Alder bushes.Surrounding the lough is rough pasture with tufts of Lncus (Rush)scattered throughout. Callunavulgarisms (Ling), Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet VernalGrass), and Molinia caerulea (Purple Moor Grass) are the main species- in thegrassland community.

Louth More on the boundary of countiesFermanagh and Monaghan, at 601 feet, is a typical acid upland lough with nofringing vegetation and surrounded by poor grass and containingmuch Juncus effusus (Soft Rush) .Some fields had . been sown and cut for hay.

Threats to the Area Although much of the area is afforested,the land above 1000 feet is probably0 too exposed for the establishmentof plantations, so that the area ofblanket peat is likely to remain in its present state.

Recommendations

No action needed. 0

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33. Name of Area CARRICKiv.ACROSS CAVES Grid Reference Various Acreage Scientific Interest Geomorphological, Ecological Rating Regional Priority C

Description of Site (From J. C. Coleman's 'Caves of Ireland'). The area around Carrickmacross is of Carboniferous limestone covered with drumlins.In places, knolls of rock and small escarpments show through the boulder clay, and it is probable that someof the drumlins have rock cores.The drainage is indefinite and small lakes are numerous, some of which must have subterranean discharge channels.

Twelve caves are described.Three of these are included in site descriptions already in this report and so are listed inname only. The other 9 are:-

FIN McCOOL'S CAVE (Aphuca Caves)(See Map) 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N. 0.7;W 10.2; OD 160. This is at the base of a limestone knoll onthe north side of the road to Ballybay, 1i miles from Carrickmacross.On top of the knoll is the site of 'Fin McCool's Table".A small stream from lough Aphuca to the SW flows into the cave,through an opening 8 ft. wide and 5 ft. high.To the right of this is another entrance, 0 through which the stream can be reached in the cave.The water spreads out into a wide pool inside the entrance, andthen continues eastwards along a fine gallery about 7ft. wide and loft.high. -The water was about 18 inches deep at the time ofour visit (1951) and the0 passage was explored for about 150 ft. until the mudand water became too deep. a In 1960 and 1961 Mr. J. J. H. Miller andother pushed the exploration of this cave further.He had kindly supplied me with his unpublished survey and notes. . 34.a Miller proposes the name of Aphuca Cave for the siteto include my Fin R-7cCool's Cave and the Priest's Cave.The latter is part of Fin McCool's Cave and is a low network ofdry passages to the west of the stream entrance.

Miller surveyed Fin McCool's Cave for nearly 1, 500ft.A boat was used to explore beyond my 1951. point and anumber of upper level oxbows were surveyed.The passage eventually becomes too low for exploration.The cave is remarkable for the soft mud of unknown depth under the water.. Ina higher level mud passage a stalagmite floor covers mud and itself is covered bya thin .layer of mud showing that the cave has been subjected to flooding.

2. QUARRY RISING 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 0.4; ' W11.2; OD 100. Not possible to enter, probably theresurgence of the Fin McCool's Cave water.Between the rising and a point where the stream crosses the road to Castleblaney, this stream sinks and risesseveral times.

3. CREEVY CAVE 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 0.4; W12.3;

Miller found this cave, a system of small "hands andknees" passagesextending for about 120 ft.

4. CAVE - Tiragarvan 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 2.2;2 3.7; OD 300 This is a clay-cut passage about 20 ft. long, 5ft. wide and 4 ft. high, floored with water.At the back of this passage is an opening about 1 ft. square with more water beyond.The entrance is built up with a stone doorway and is used as a wellby the local farm.

35. 0

0 The Tiragarvan Cave (See Map)

A small stream flowing from the NW beside1 the ShercockRoad has an interesting underground course of over`4 mile in Tirgarvan townland.There are many old quarries in the vicinity of RockHouse in this townland which were examined for caves.with negative results.

5. STREAM SINK 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 4.3; W 2.0; OD 280 The Tiragarvan stream sinks in a clay and reed-filled hollownear

the road. f,

6. POULBE 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 4.0; W 2.2; OD 300 A small stream (a small drain from a reed-filled Lough)enters a clay hollow and disappears under some limestone blocks.No entry possible.

7. STREAM RISING 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 5.3; W 3.8; OD 210. A stream rising 500 ft. east of Puthewarntagh, the wateremerging beneath a low escarpment of limestone.From the rising the stream flows through a flood plain for approximately 11/4miles and, before continuing to Carrickmacros s , flows through the Dry Bridge.

8. DRY BRIDGE 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 8.0; W 10.1; OD 150 The stream enters and emerges through fissures in a limestoneknoll across the valley (the distance between entry and resurgence being approximately 50 ft.) .The site is a ?mile from Carrick macros s and the Shercock Road and a secondary road cross onthe Dry Bridge. Caves already described:-

1. KILMACTRASNA CAVE (Lough Fea Demesne) 6. inch (Monaghan) 31.S 9.9; W 11.6; OD 200.

About2/3 ofa mile SSW of Carrickmacross town near the wallof Lough Fea Demesne in an old quarry.The cave entrance is about 2 ft. square and inside there is a sloping passage(running west) 30 ft. in length.It terminates in a chamber about 7 ft . highwith a short ascending fissure to the right.

2. LUGADADORRIS (Carrickmacro ss Gypsum Mine) 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 5.3; W 3.0; OD 250 This is a large irregular hollow with two entrances or"doorways" leading down to a stream passage.A pool. below is used as a well 0 by the farmhouse immediately north of the cave.Upstream, the cave can be explored for 188 ft. to a pointwhere a rock fall blocks the passage. Above this rockfall is a "skylight" and anupward climb of 20 ft. leads out into the vegetable gardenof the farmhouse . The downstream passage from Lugadadorris is a fine gallery 4to 7 ft. high through which the stream meanders.There is extensive scalloping in the same direction as the waterflow and somedripstone is displayed.

Towards the end the passage becomes a 2 ft. highbedding cave, and at a point 370 ft. from Lugadadorris, emerges in theopen pit called Puthewarntagh .

3. PUTIIEWARNTAGH (Carrickmacross Gypsum Mine) 6 inch (Monaghan) 31. N 5.3; W 3.4; OD 250 This is a large conical hollow about 30 ft. deepand the stream from Lugadadorris flows into it through an opening 7 ft. wideand 3 to 4 ft. high." The stream divides and one branch flows across thepit into fissured limestone.The other branch cascades into a tight boulder- filled passage which can be followed for 75 ft. toa chamber, where the stream slides off rapidly through a horizontal slot. 37. Threats to the Areas

It is unlikely that the cave areas would be disturbedexcept by quarrying.

Recommendations

No action needed for the caves. themselves, but specific recommendations:;are. given for several of the surrounding areas of grassland.(See separate

included).

38. 0

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39. Name of Area CASTLEBLANEY DRUMLIN AREA Grid Reference H. 850, 190 Acreage - Scientific Interest Geomorphological, Ecological Patin Regional

Priority B

Description of Site Although most of County Monaghan comes within the Drumlin Beltthe area around Lough Muckno has been chosen as a regionalexample. T. W. Freeman in the 'Geography of Ireland' describes thearea.It is chosen not only because of its geomorphological importance but alsofor its scenic value.

Threats to the Area Amenity developments. around the lough are unlikely to affect thegeological structure unless excavations are made.

Recommendations General planning control is necessary for the area.The Geological Survey Office should be informed of any proposed developments. 0. c >: t 1`.i ({Lt..

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r1G. S?. THE CASTLEELAYNEY AREA, CO. RIOtiAGIIA3r x, Area of former lake bed; a, Drur,:li:rs; 3, Cragand tail formation. Like mart' ether lakes in the drumlin-drift belt, lake Muck-nohas been-. substantially reduced by ation: the area of the for;ncr lake b:d was 3square miles but it is now merely square miles. The drunrlius ace :ligncd from northwest to southeast: in some cases a number are joined to fernsan series. Map drnou by F.11. Synge, and on in.tlly publisl.ed iu'Irish vol.I, ,).. , Ij j,. p. to)

41. Name of area DRUMREASKE LOUGH Acreage 28 Grid reference H. 643, 350 Scientific interest Ecological, Botanical Rating Local Priority B

Description of site Although a relatively small area, the lough,surround irg pockets ofmarshland and mixed woodland form an interesting ecological area.

The lough itself is calcareous, as can be seen fromthe lime-encrusted Chara or stonewort species forming a narrow shelf all around thelough edge. The presence of the Saw Sedge, (Cladium mariscus), which is acalcicol.e i.e. lime- loving species, also indicates the alkaline nature of the water.

Surrounding the lough are pockets of wet, marshy ground, whichare colonized mainly by the Wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana), which is presumablyplanted. In between these pockets are openareasdominated by sedgeswith the main flowering species.being Angelica sylvestris (Wild Angelica) Menyanthes trifoliate (Bog Bean) Pedicularis palustris (Red Rattle) Dactylcrchis fuchsii (Common Spotted Orchid) Ranunculus lingua (Greater Spearwort)

The woodland is mixed with both conifers, deciduous trees andornamental introductions such as Berberis vulgaris(Barberry), Rhododendron ponticum (Rhododendron) and ymphoricarpus rivalis (Snowberry).

Although many of the more unusual species here are planted,the natural loughshore vegetation is also of interest, and indeed it isthe combination of the planted and natural species which add to the botanicalvalue. Threats to the area

Several fishing stands are. to be found around the shoreline.Anglers would appear to be the main visitors and it seems unlikely thatdisturbance would come from any other quarter. .

Recommendations Generalplanning control for the area should be considered.

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Li Name of area BAWN LOUGHS Acreage 227 Grid reference H.. 715, 113 Scientific interest Ecological, Botanical, Ornithological Ratin Local

Priority B

Description of site

The lake system around Shantonagh village consists of Black Lough,Louts: Bawn and Lisnakillewbane Lough. Mixed woodland is scattered around Black Lough and Lough Bawn. An area of deciduous woodland,mainly Beech trees approx. 120 feet in height, but with someOak and Sycamore, is to be found on a hillside to the eastof Lough Bawn.

Lough Bawn is surrounded by a fringe of Phragn,ites communis(Common Reed) and has Nymphaea alba (White Water-lily) in the water. Alderand willow bushes grow round the perimeter.

The area is very sheltered and secluded with the resultthat numerous wildfowl are to be found there. A count on 1stMarch 1968 gives the following figures:- Mallard 40 Teal 20 Tufted Duck 50

Pochard 2

Goldeneye ' 2

Goosander 1 Mute Swan 6 Whooper Swan 15 Great Crested Grebe 6

Few wildfowl were seen during the visit made on 3rdAugust 1972, but it

.45. is mainly in the winter months that the duck congregatein such areas. The list of wetlands of importance in Ireland grades theBawn Loughs as B.

Threats to the area A local gun. club have the shooting rights to thearea and frequent shooting may disturb the wildfowl population.

Recommendaticns General planning control for the whole lake system and surroundingwoodlands is needed. The ecological interest of the area is derivedfrom its undisturbed nature and in order to conserve this, it is suggestedthat the shooting. be kept to a minimum. tlw 0 E1"i["j,l.'. L6L,'N.' .L~.rlri

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47. Name of area CREEVY LOUGH Acreage 29 Grid Reference H. 830, 070 Scientific interest Botanical, ecological Rating Local

Priority B

Description of site This lake is popular with anglers and picnicers. The shorelineis very open and is not fringed with reed as are manyof the other lakes in this area. Eleocharis palustris (Common Spike-rush) and the sedges Carex vesicaria and Carex rostrata grow in clumps around the perimeter.The floor of the lough is colonized by Littorella uniflora (Shore-weed)and two rare aquatic plant species were found in shallow water -Elatine hexandra (Waterwort) and Ceratophyllum demersum (Hornwort).

This lough is interesting because it exhibits different communities fromthe other lakes in the. region.

Threats to the area The lake is visited by many anglers and picnicers.In some areas the vegetation-has been trampled on excessively and destroyed. But access is restricted to the eastern shore and there is probably nota serious danger of the rest of the shoreline being invaded.

Recommendations General planning control should be considered. 0 I A to;1 - I , ELATINE 1`_ HEXANDRA aZ- 1 l (Lapierre) DC. y`1 t a .,, t , c 1930 onwards 1 I I 1930 + i c ! I V

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51. Name of area WRTGHT'S WOOD Acreage 26 Grid reference H, 652, 323 Scientificinterest Ecological, Botanical Ratinq Local Priority C

. Description of site To the south-west of Monaghan town are many small woodlands,usually crowning hillocks.Wright's Wood and part of Smith's Wood to the north,are an interesting mixture of very old Great Sallow trees (Salix caprea) andyoung Ash trees which are coppiced. The woodland is of a fairly open nature,thus enabling a reasonable ground flora to establish itself.Mosses cover the ground completely and grow on many of the older treestogetherwithlichens.The main herbaceous species in the* ground flora include Circea lutetiana (Enchanter's Nightshade

Geranium robertianum. (Herb Robert) Geum urbanum (Wood Avens) Veronica chamaedrys (Germander Speedwell)

There are wire-mesh enclosures in which the coppiced ash stakesare. held. Whetho the ash was origianlly planted or is of natural originis not known. However, the different species of trees within the woodland provide an example,of different stage: of colonization and as such are interesting from ecological andbotanical points of view,

Threats to the area The ash trees are evidently under management, but unless allthe trees are removed it is unlikely to detract from the value of thewoodland as a whole.

Recommendations No action needed. ; E , .i7^1k, °z t~ PtnP+ ft B F q'``3L 1-1 @s F,lJilrl &. Ei

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53. Name of Area BLACK LOUGH Grid Reference H. 700, 117 Acreage 69 Scientific Interest Ornithological, Botanical Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site

Black and Derrygoony Loughs are both ecologically similar.These are surrounded by reeds and willow trees which provide roosting placesfor the wildfowl.Black Lough has a small area of floating marsh atits U

northern end, bounded by the road.In the marsh Potentilla palustris, (Marsh Quinquefoil) is abundant, together with Typha angustifolia, (Bulrush) and Angelica sylvestris (Wild Angelica).The ground layer is a mixture of:-

Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog) Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal Grass)

Carex rostrata - (Bottle Sedge) Equisetum fluviatile (Water Horsetail) Menyanthes trifoliata (Bog Bean)

The shooting and fishing rights are preserved.

Threats to the Area Frequent shooting would disturb the wildfowl, particularly in the breeding season.

Recommendations General planning control is needed.

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55. Name of area Iv1ONALTY LOUGH Acrea e 80 Grid Reference H. 868, 028 Scientific interest Ornithological, ecological Ratin Local Priority C

Description of site This lake is fringed with Phragmitescommunis(Common Reed) and with Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary Grass) at the open banks.Scattered willow bushes t- grow round the perimeter. Thisprovides an ideal habitat for nesting wildfowl.

38 Mute Swans

2 Great Crested Grebes. 10Coot were counted during the visit.Although this is not a large selection of species, the number of swans aloneindicate that during the winter months, this is probably an important wildfowl area.It is designated as a Bird Sanctuary.

Several uncommon aquatic plant species havepreviously been recorded:- Chara hispida C. hispida var. rudis Stoneworts C . vulgaris var. longibracteata Nitella mucronata N. opaca

Threats to the area There 'is a 'No Shooting' order on thelough. The surrounding land is cut for hay or grazed by cattle and no threat ispresented by these forms of management@ Recommendations

General planning control would be sufficientprotection for this site, since the wildfowl already havea degree of protection.

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0 Name of area SPRING LOUGHS Acreage 52.5 Grid reference H. 867, 043 Scientific interest Botanical, ecological Rating Local Priories C

Description of site Only the smaller of these two Toughswas visited (Corvrin Lough). There is an acidic grassland community between the two. Both loughs havesimilar botanical structures with a ringa Nymphaea alba (White Water lily) inside a fringe of Phragmites communis (Common Reed). There isa narrow shelf of calcareous mud around the edgeupon which grows a species of Chara (stonewort); then the lake floor drops steeply .intothe deeper central area. Wet grassland and marshy patches are round the shoreline.

This area is typical of the many smaller lakes inthe region.

Threats to the area . None apparent

Recommendations No action needed

59. 0

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Name of Area PRIESTFIELD LOUGH, RCSSMCRE CASTLE. Acreage 76 Grid Reference H 6S2,308 Scientific Interest Botanical, ornithological, ecological Rating Local

Priority B

Description of Site Rossmore Castle is owned by the Department of Lands,Forestry Division and they are at.present in the process of planning thearea as a recreational J place.

All the woods include some conifers but severalare 70% coniferous, 30% deciduous trees.. The only group of remaining deciduous treesare to the North of Priestfield Lough in which a pair of heronswere nesting.

All the loughs are artificial and were considerably lowerthan normal owing to the very dry spell of weather previous to thevisit at the end of July. This enabled a closer examination of the semi-aquatic andaquatic vegetation.Priestfield Lough has been drained but it ishoped to reflood it shortly, after the creation of artificial islands. Willows and Common Reed encircle and lough and theNarrow-leaved Reedmace (Typha angustifolia), which isa rare species in Ireland, is fairly common. The area of lake shore normally under shallowwater yielded an interesting flora.Sparganium emersum(Unbranched Bur-reed) is abundant, whilst Juncus articulatus (Jointed Rush) Gna pha lium uliginosum (Marsh Cudweed) Senecio sylvaticus (Wood Groundsel) Nymphaea alba (White Water Lily) Apium inundatum (Floating Marsh-Wort) Epilobium nerterioides (Willow Herb) Ranunculus lingua (Greater Spearwort) C icuta virosa (Cowbane) are among the more interesting species growingon the exposed mud.

61. 0

Along the overgrown verges by the trackwaysseveral uncommon species are found:- Cichorium intybus (Chicory) Chamaen_erion angustifolium (Rose-bay Willow Herb)

Poly ovum nolystachvum . (Naturalised)

Although the woodlands are not of ecological :rest, the several small lakes in the Castle grounds provide somethir.,: botanical interest. Although Priestfield Lough has been drained tolow recently, it is to be refilled later in the year. The other lakes are toremain at their present level. 0 Recommendations If possible the vegetation of Priestfield Loughshould not be interfered with. The other three smaller lakes are less interestingfrom an ecological point of view. Perhaps development could be restricted tothese areas. 0 M(D

B 653,2 ANGUSTI- ' F I Lesser Reedmaco FOUA L. ft C J (S r .I I ~ j Lv TYPHA I t I e I o Wore 1930 1930 onwards ? Introduction k tF s f G/ 9 o I> s i i t y TI I 1 I o a i.i ° I I w t-i°i k i,°i i s ' i a i.; .``h O 100 O o Ifs °°: :.'.1 io(J "y / 63. : F t1: t It[.'iitrei;i f cf ri- s ! v 2-'.S{ i-.t 15

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i 64. Name of Area SMALL QUARRY NEAR 3-MILE HOUSE,SNMITHBOROUGH Acreage 19.5 Grid Reference H 627,294 Scientific Interest Botanical, geological, ecological Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site Approximately one mile south of 3-mile house, near Smithborough, isa small quarry in the Silurian rocks by the roadside. A streamruns through the quarry, exposing the slates.

A South-west-facing slope is colonised by a fairly open grasslandwith the grass species Anthoxanthum odoratum (Sweet Vernal Grass), Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog) and Agrosti.s stolonifera (Creeping Bent) being the most abundant.Flowering herbaceous species include Chrysanthemumleucarithemum (Ox-eye Daisy) Hypochoeris radicata (Common Cat's-ear) Lotus corniculatus (Bird's-foot Trefoil) Plantago lanceolata (Ribwort Plantain) Prunella vulgaris (Self-heal) Dactylorchis fuchsii (Common Spotted Orchid) One large flowering specimen of the Greater Butterfly Orchid (Platanthera bifoli3, not a common species was found.

At the bottom of the quarry is a wet floorwith many shallow pools surrounding the stream.Numerous small fish, probably Sticklebacks, were swimming in the pools.

65. The main plant species inand around the pools are: Ca rex Iepidocarpa (Long-stalked Yellow Sedge) Carex ovalis (Ova 1 Sedge) Juncus effusus (Soft Rush) Galium palustre (Marsh Bedstraw) Myosotis SD. (Forget-me-not) Acrocladium cuspidatum (Moss)

Around the stream grow beds of Nasturtium officinale (Water Cress) with Mentha a qua tica (Water Mint) and Filipendula u.linaria (h'Ieadowsweet).

Although this is a very small area the different habitatsand communities make it a good area for use in-ecological education.

Threats to the Area The quarry is not worked at present and is unlikelyto be reopened.It is. now, grazed by cattle.

Recommendations: The quarry should not be filled in.No other action necessary. i, . I 1 -S P f rr ' 'dril U'.ttL.2a f 1i ILi

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d Name of Area ULSTER CANAL AT MAGHERARNY CROSSROADS Grid Reference H. 580. 299. Acreage - Scientifice Interest Ecological Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site.. For the greater part of its length in Co.Monaghan, the Ulster Canal is overgrown with vegetationwith bushes lining the banks. At Magherarny Crossroads, the main species colonizing thecanal are:- Agrostis stolonifera (Creeping Bent) Clyceria fluitans (Floating sweet-grass) Angelica sylvestris (Wild Angelica) Urtica dioica (Nettle)

Because of this overgrown nature, thecanal acts as a 'refuge' area for many species of birds andanimals, as well as providing several interesting plant species.It remains relatively unaltered -whilst manyof the surrounding areas are influenced by man,,and if left unaltered will continue to provide an example of ecological evolution.

Threats to area Dumping of rubbish was seen in certain places alongthe canal.

Recommendations pumping should be prevented, otherwise noaction is required as it is the natural state of the canal which formsthe scientific interest. 0

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Name of area ULSTER CANAL BETWEEN WHITE'S BRIDGE AND CARSON'S BRIDGE.

Acreage 18.5 Grid reference H. 642. 327 to H : 629. 325 Scientific Ecological, Botanical.

Rat in Local Priority C

Description of site Between White's Bridge and Carson's Bridge the Conawaly Riverruns parallel to the Ulster Canal, the two stretches being separated onlyby a few yards of grassy bank. The canal is very dry at the pointand is almost entirely colonized by grasses with some Iris beds and Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulrraria).The Conawaly River is almost choked with Mimuius guttatus (Monkey Flower)along much of this stretch.In the more open water areas the Flowering Rush (Buto;nus umbellatus) a rare species in Ireland and chieflya northern species, grows in clumps and is locally abundant.

To the south of the waterways is a small areaof beech wood with some ash. The sedge, Carex remota, is plentiful in the wetter groundhere, and Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum) is also to be found.

Only a relatively small stretch of these two waterwayswas investigated and although they hadnot a very rich flora, several uncommon species of note were found to be relatively abundant here.

Threats to the area The area is grazed by cattle, but there is nothreat of the habitat being damaged by them. A group of itinerants is living at White'sBridge and dumping rubbishin the canal and river nearby.

Recommendations. Dumping in the waterways should be prevented and general planningcontrol considered for'the area.

71. 0

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7 d. Name of area TASSAN LOUGH Acreage 27 Grid reference H. 797, 261 Scientific interest Ecological, Botanical Rating Local Priority C

Description of site This is a small lough bounded by Silurianoutcrops on the south side with grassland around the other aspects. Very fewspecies colonize the outcrops - qh Sieglinaia decumbens is the main grass,Erica tetralix (Cross-leavedHeath) and Calluna vulgaris (Ling) the two dominantherbs, with a lichen species,(Cladonia) in abundance.

The lough is fringed with Phragmitescommunis (Common Reed) with a ringof Potamogeton natans (CommonPondweed) inside the reed.

Between the shoreline and therock outcrops is an area of wet grasslandwith patches dominated by Sphagnum moss .Molinia caerulea (Purple'Moor Grass) and Agrostis canina (Velvet Ben[) are the twodominant grasses, with the herbaceous species being: Potentilla palustris (Marsh Cinquefoil) Menyanthes trifoliata (Bog Bean) Narthecium ossifragum (Bog Asphodel) Drosera rotundifolia, theRound-leavedSundew,is abundant on small hummocks.

The area is ecologically interesting notbecause of rare species, but as an example of the type of community to be found in Silurian areas.

Threats to the area: None apparent.

Recommendations No action needed. a

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0 Name of area DRUMGOLE LOUGH AND QUAPRY Acreage 26 Grid reference H. 591, 193 Scientific interest Botanical, 'Ecological Rating Local P ioriy C

Description of site

The lough itself is surrounded bygrassland and rock outcrops and the i western shoreline vegetation is dominatedby Phragmites communis (Common .Reed) and Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet).

An old slate quarrya few hundred yards to the south of the loughhas several large shallow pools around theworked rock face. Thesewere filled with a Chara species (stonewort)which had a bright red colouration, probably due to a fresh water algal growth.Utricularia minor (Bladderwort) and Potamo;jeton filiformis (Slender-leaved Pondweed)also grow in the pools. Water Boatmen are numerous andseveral young Common Frogswere seen during the visit.

The area is not of outstanding ecologicalinterest, but several of the species found there are uncommon and thepools are a noteworthy habitat.

Threats to the area 0 The quarry floor may be usedas a dumping site by the local farmer but unless the area is filled in completelyit is unlikely to loose its value.

0 Recommendations

General planning control should beconsidered.

77. 0

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78.4 0

Name of Area 'GIBSON'S' LOUGH Grid Reference H. 686, 123 Acreage Scientif c Interest Botanical, Ecological Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site Some of the loughs in the county are surrounded by floating marshes. They are often the smaller loughs whichare gradually being invaded by the vegetation.'Gibson's Lough,' as it is knownlocally, is one such example.

Often the broad belt of marsh containspockets of different plant communities, varying with the degree of waterlogging.This is of particular ecological value as the different communitiescan be studies in the one area.

Around the shorelinegrow Carex rostrata (Bottle sedge) with T pha latifolia (Bulrush) and the umbellifer,Cicuta virosa (Cowbane). Behind is a community dominated by Eriophorum angustifolium(Cotton Grass) with Eguisetum fluviatile (Water Horsetail)and the sedges Carex curta and C. rostrata.Further back is a wet grassland withhummocks of Sphagnum

moss and the grass Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire fog).

Threats to the Area None apparent.

Recommendations No action needed.

79. r L,st..c.f 22 '

80.1 0

Name of Area BALLYHOE LOUGH Grid Reference N. 850. 958. Acreage 36 (Co.Monaghan)

Scientific interest Ecological,Botanical. Rating Local

Prioritv C

Description of Site

Most of the lough is within theCo. Meath boundary but itmust be considered as a whole unit toassess its scientific value.

The lough is now divided intotwo by a narrow strip of land coveredby Willow trees, Common Reed andAlders. Around the edge isa fringe of Phragmites communis (CommonReed) with some Scirpus lacustris(Club- rush) and _Nymphaea alba (WhiteWater- lily).

Bones, mainly skulls and antlers`of the Irish Giant Deer (Cervusi anteus) have been found in and aroundthe lough. The majority of thefinds were located in the narrow neck ofland dividing the loughs.It is thought that the deer used tocross at this point in the valley to the hillstowards the south-west.

The more interesting botanical areas are within the Co. Meath boundary.A description of the Co. Meathpart, taken from the Meath reporton areas of scientific interest, is included.

Threats to the Area

None apparent. The lough isused by local fishermen andseems unlikely to be affected by any other formof usage.

Recommendations

General planning control should be considered.

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1 82. 0

Name of Area BALLYI-IOE LOUGH Acreacie c. 130 acres(in Coun:.y :, eath) Grid Rerormnce N.845, 953 Scientific------Interest Ecological, ; otanical,zoological Eating Local Importance Priority C

Description of Area

The area of interest is shownon Map 43 .

This is a fairly acid,peaty lough,contrasting markedly to most of the loughs in County Meath, whichare calcareous.

The islands in the loughare covered with trees and shrubs and, like the lakeshore

fringed with reed, Phraamites communis. They are believed to be crannogs.

In the south-west corner isa well-developed carr, i.e. a wet woodland dominated by willows, etc.

Evaluation

The lough is of local importance mainly becauseit is acid and peaty,in contrast to most loughs in County Meath.

Threats to the Area None known of.

Recommendation

Any development plans affecting thisarea should take into account its scientific interest.

83. 0

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84. 0

Name of Area QUIGLOUGH RESERVOIR Grid R H. 633. 355. Acreage 34 Scientific Interest Botanical, Ecological, Zoological. Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site

Quiglough is a limestone lake withScirpus lacustris (Club Rush) in theshallow water and beds of the sedge Carexrostrata on the margin.In the water is a species of stonewort (Chara). Unlike most of the limestone loughsin the county, this one does not shelvesteeply.A narrow belt of limestone grassland surrounds the shore.

To the north of the main loughis a smaller area of water whichis almost completely colonized byvegetation - mainly Bulrush (Typhalatifolia).

Huge fresh-water musselswere scattered along the shoreline and thefresh- water Crayfish is known tooccur.

Threats to the Area

Clearing of ground to the southis being carried out, presumablyfor more building sites. But the main area of interest isthe lough itself and although the water levels must fluctuateas it is a reservoir, these changesare unlikely to adversely affect the floraand fauna.

Recommendations

General planning control forthe area should be considered.

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OS ... A R Quig Lough] 64 2 Suncco ot: W.t.r . 211.7 201 13th Avquit 1948.

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M24 4 []nEDO 0

Name of Area LOUGH ROSS Grid Reference H. 897, 159 Acreage 32 Scientific Interest Botanical, Ecological, zoological Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site

The majority of Lough Ross isin County Armagh.The area visited was just to the east of. the ClarebaneRiver, whicl'i is in fact in Armagh.it is felt that the lough is of sufficientecological interest to be mentioned in this report, even though thearea in Monaghan is not extensive.

An extensive floating marshlies to the east of the ClarebaneRiver and around the shores are varioustransition siLages from aquatic vegetation to meadowland, providinga very good example of successional development.

Threats to the Area None apparent.

Recommendations No action needed.

E7. 0

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.4 Name of Area LOUGH SMILEY Grid Reference H. 817, 214 Acreage 40 Scientific Interest Botanical, Ecological Ratite Local Prioritv C

Description of Site

This is similar to the lough near Dromore in botanicalcomposition.The area of floating marsh is not so extensive, and asthe conditions are slightly drier,the vegetation wasmore typical of a carr (Sallow trees and reeds) with pockets of raised Log scattered around theperimeter.It is also a good example of ecological succession.

Threats to the Area Dumping is apparent along the roadside.

Recommendations

Dumping should be prevented.No other action needed. rj fr: lr' GI

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tom` a of 1:.M 3O2 I' 3a%nF\ lJUi `. Name of area CORDOO LOUGH Acreage 56 Grid reference H. 732, 238 Scientific interest Botanical ?Zati Local. Priority C

De s cri tion of site

There are 2 small .loughs close to each other --Cordon and Corfin.Cord,,-.)o Lough was. visited and taken as being indicative of theconditions at Corfin also.

It is surrounded by a broad fringe of Phragmites communis(Common Reed), merging into a meadow community where Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet), ?unus effusus (Soft Rush) and Agrostis stolonifera (Creeping Bent) arethe dominant species.

In the lake itself, extensive clumps of Potamojeton lucens (ShiningPondweed) and Nuphar lutea (Yellow Water Lily) can be seen.

A stream leading from the lough at the S .W. corner is full of Lemna trisulca

(Ivy Duckweed) and a Callitriche species (Starwort). .

There are no rare species at this site but isis a good example of this type of habitat.

Threats to the area None apparent

Recommendations No action needed

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92. 0 Name of Area SMALL LOUGH NEAR DROMORE Grid Reference H. 868, 188 Acreage is Scientific Interest Botanical, Ecological Rating Local Priority C

Description of Site Although this isa very small tough the surrounding vegetation is interesting.It shows stages in ecologicalsuccession from aquatic conditions to meadowland.Much of the marshland is floating and dangerousto walk upon. The flora is rich- 9 grasses, 9 sedges, 2 rushes, 32 herbs and5 mosses were recorded during the visit.

Threats to the Area None apparent.

Recommendations No action needed.

93. 0

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N , li,;cs , y J/- _ _ :ice, r l I \. .. 0 Name of Area GLASLOUGH Grid Reference H. 725.415 Acreage 1600 Scientific Interest Ecological, Botanical, Ornithological, Zoological Rating Regional

Priority B

Description of Site

The main interest lies in and around the lough itself.The lough is a calcareous one and has Canadian Pondweed E1_oc?ea canadensis)and a stonewort species (Ciiara) in the shallow water.While Waterlily, N m haea alba) and Common Reed (Phragmites communi_s)fringe the shoreline of most of the upp:;r lough, Glaslough itself.

The southern end of Glaslough Lake has several wooded islandsand together with a deep border of Phragmites, these for-iian ideal wildfowl sanctuary. There is a heronry on the wooded isthmus.

Much of the woodland is mixed withyoung planted conifers and natural deciduous trees.A small area of deciduous woodland is located opposite on the eastern side of the lake at the northernend.Numerous magnificent specimens of Douglas Fir, Silver Fir and Sequoias areto be found around the walled garden and to the NW of the house.Most of these are well over 100 years old and reach heights of 150 ft.

A herd of fallow deer, approximately 60 animalsare usually located in the southern part of the demesne where thereare young plantations and open areas of grassland.

Although there is no one particulararea of special merit, it is the inclusion of each of the facets in a whole demesne whichgives Glaslough its ecological rating.

95. Threats to the Area 0 The estate is owned by Mr. DesmondLeslie.He has plans to develop it as a centre for ecologicalstudy.The area needs careful planning and management if this is to be achievedsuccessfully.

Recommendations - Careful planning control is neededfor the whole area.

96. 0

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