Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil

Ferreira, José D.; Zamorano, Martín; Ribeiro, Ana Maria On the fossil Remains of Panochthus Burmeister, 1866 (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Glyptodontidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Brazil Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 87, núm. 1, marzo, 2015, pp. 15-27 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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      Panochthus    8                   

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2  ˆŒˆ ‰ˆ ‡ˆ ‡†‡
3

1 Prorama de Ps-rada o em eociências Institto de eociências niversidade ederal do io rande do Sl Av. Bento onalves 9500 Aronomia 91501-970 Porto Alere S Brasil 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientícas y Técnicas/CONICET, División de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, niversidad Nacional de a Plata Paseo del Bose s/n B1900 A a Plata Arentina 3Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Jardim Botânico, 90690-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

anscri receied n anar  acceed r icain n Ari 

ˆ•Š ˆŠ The genus ancs represents the last lineage of “Panochthini” recorded in the Pleistocene. This genus has a wide latitdinal distribtion in Soth America and in Brazil it occrs in the sothern and northeastern reions. In this
a
er we describe new material (isolated osteoderms and cadal tbe framents) assined to ancs from the state of io rande do Sl (sothern Brazil) and discss some taonomic isses related to ancs ercas and ancs reseini based on this material . The occurrence of  reseini is the rst for outside the Brazilian Intertropical Region. In addition, we describe new dianostic featres to differentiate the osteoderms of  reseini and  ercas . Unfortunately, it was not possible to identify some osteoderms at the species level. Interestingly, they showed four distinct morphotypes characterized by their external morphology, and thus were attributed to ancs sp. Lastly, we conclde that in addition to ercas reistered to sothern Brazil there is another s
ecies of the ens assinable to . cf.  reseini . Our analysis reinforce the reliability of caudal tube characters for the classication of species of ancs Ž • : Glyptodontidae, ancs Pleistocene sothern Brazil osteoderms.

‡ŒŠ
ƒ•Š‡
Œ 1942, Hoffstetter 1958, Paula Couto 1979, McKenna The tribe “Panochthini” is a taxonomically diverse and Bell 1997, Zurita et al. 2011, Zamorano 2012); group of glyptodonts restricted to South America. however, in recent cladistic analyses they do not Its fossil record spans the late Miocene to the form a natural group (Zamorano and Brandoni 2013, late Pleistocene (Zamorano 2012). The genera see. Zamorano et al  2013). ancs Brmeister 1866 acs Amehino This genus has a wide latitudinal distribution 1888 and rancs Castellanos 1925 were in South America (Tonni and Scillato-Yané 1997), traditionally included within this tribe (Castellanos incldin both sothern and northeastern reions ( i. 1) (Por
ino and Bervist 2002 Por
ino et al. 200 Correspondence to: José Darival Ferreira E-mail: [email protected] Ubilla et al. 2004, Zurita et al. 2009a, Zamorano 2012).

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)  JOSÉ D. FERREIRA, MARTÍN ZAMORANO AND ANA MARIA RIBEIRO

coastal
lain of the state of io rande do Sl Santa Vitória do Palmar Municipality. Subsequently,
an c  s was re
orted from de
osits in northeast Brazil (tanks) by Branner (1915) and by several athors (e.  Moreira 1971, Bergqvist 1993). The fossil content of these tanks was deposited drin the late Pleistocene with available electron spin resonance (ESR) ages dating it to between 63,000 to 10,000 years BP (e.g. Kinoshita et al  2005, Oliveira et al. 2009, Silva 2009, Dantas et al. 2011). In the northeastern reion of Brazil
 reseini and
 a ariensis are considered endemic s
ecies (e.. Bervist 1993 Por
ino and Bergqvist 2002, Zamorano 2012, but see Chimento and Anolin 2011).
 ercas has only been recorded in io rande do Sl (e.  Bombin 1976 ibeiro and Scherer 2009). Another dbios record of
an c  s in the Amazon reion is referred to by Paula Couto (1956); the material is a single isolated osteoderm collected in the
ra iver in the state of Acre. In this aer we describe new material of the
an c  s from the state of io rande do Sl   - Map of the geographic distribution of
an c  s (sothern Brazil) and discss some taonomic in the Pleistocene. asects of the secies reorted.

 
  The main characteristics of the genus ancs are the osteoderms of the cara
ace The material studied here belongs to the which have a reticlar
attern on the eternal paleontological collections of the Museu de surface, with small polygonal gures that are at Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica and eivalent in size and the cadal tbe which do Rio Grande do Sul (MCN/FZBRS), Museu has a similar ornamentation
attern to the cara
ace de Ciências Tancredo Filho Melo (MCTFM), (Castellanos 192). Accordin to a recent review of aborat rio de eolo ia e Paleontolo ia da ancs by Zamorano (2012), six species were niversidade ederal de io rande (P/ reconized:
 sineredis Castellanos 1937 FURG) and Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro
 ineredis Lydekker, 1895,
 ercas (MNRJ), Brazil. The anatomical nomenclature (Owen, 1845),
 ren eians Amehino 1889 follows Porino and Ber vist (2002) while the
 a ariensis (Moreira, 1965) and
 reseini scheme for the different re ions of the caraace Castellanos 192. is based on; systematics follow Zamorano et al  The rst record of
an c  s , for the territory (2013) (see. Zamorano and Brandoni 2013). of Brazil was mentioned by Ihering (1891), in The description and terminology for osteoderms corres
ondence to lorentino Amehino from the follows ill (2006).

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)
an c  s
O SON BAI 7

      III located between coastal barrier II (westwards)
      and barrier III (eastwards). The age of the fossils The material was found in the municipalities of of Chuí Creek was estimated to be at least 120,000 Uruguaiana (Touro Passo Creek), Santa Vitória years BP based on their location within the barrier- do Palmar (Balne rio ermene ildo coastal lain lagoon system III (Lopes et al. 2005). However, and Chui Creek) and Rosário do Sul (Rincão dos subsequently it was demonstrated that these fossils
ialho) (
i . 2). are more recent ( o es et al. 2010). A sam le from Touro Passo Creek (29°40′S, 56°51′W) is 13 the bank of Chuí Creek dated by ESR suggests an km the north of Uruguaiana Municipality (Da-Rosa age between 42,000 and 33,000 years BP (Lopes 2003). es ite this the bio eo ra hic correlation et al. 2010). The mammal fossils collected are is discssed since it shares fanal elements with assigned to the Lujanian age (Oliveira et al. 2005). the Sopas Formation (Uruguay), which are not inco dos
ialho is located in os rio do Sl recorded in Benos Aires rovince Ar entina (see Municipality (30°12′S; 55°16′W). It is situated in the Ubilla 1985, Oliveira 1996, Ubilla and Perea 1999). southwestern state of Rio Grande do Sul. The material According to Milder (2000), the age obtained by was collected near the
ialho farmhose in a stream thermolminescence datin encom asses a time s an that cuts through layers of sandy sediments of variable from 42,600 to 6,400 years BP (Kerber et al  2011). thickness, of Pleistocenic age, that are directly in Balneário Hermenegildo (53°15′S, 33°42′W) contact with the Triassic (Ferigolo et al. 1997). com rises the sothern ortion of the coastal lain     of Rio Grande do Sul, 20 km from Santa Vitória do Palmar. Over time, it has suffered modications S erorder enarthra Co e 1889 to its landscape related to sea level uctuations Order Cingulata Illiger, 1811 (trans ressive-re ressive events) which develo ed Suborder Glyptodontia Ameghino, 1889 four lagoon-barrier systems (Villwock and Superfamily Glyptodontoidea Gray, 1869 Tomazelli 1995). The fossil remains of the coastal Family Glyptodontidae Gray, 1869 lain are associated with de osits of la oon-barrier ens
an c  s Brmeister 1866 system III, with an estimated age of 120,000 years BP (Villwock and Tomazelli 1995). The dates
an c  s ercas (Owen, 1845) obtained for the coastal lain of io rande do Sl (Fig. 3A; Fig 4C-D) show a wide variation from younger than 18,000 EFERRED MATERIAL to 650,000 years BP (Lopes et al  2008 2010). Accordin to o es et al  (2010) the mitre of Cadal tbe ri ht distal ortion P P0212. fossils from the middle and late Pleistocene is Isolated osteoderms, MCN-PV 3948; MCN-PV 3953. probably the result of reworking of several fossil EOGRAPHIC PROVENANCE beds by successive Quaternary transgressive events. Chuí Creek (33°35′S; 53°20′W) is located in Balne rio ermene ildo coastal lain of io sothernmost art of io rande do Sl in Santa rande do Sl. Vitória do Palmar Municipality. The material was ESCRIPTION fond in si exposed along the banks of Chuí Creek. The plain through which the creek ows and The caudal tube is a right distal tip belonging where the fossil remains of Chuí Creek occur are to
an c  s ercas . The distal portion associated with deposits of lagoon-barrier system is ronded sch as in some s ecimens of


An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1) 8 JOSÉ D. FERREIRA, MARTÍN ZAMORANO AND ANA MARIA RIBEIRO

  - Location map of fossiliferous localities. A. Panoramic view of banks exposing the TouroPasso Formation and stratigraphic sequences (modi ed from Bombin 1976); B. BalneárioHermenegildo and transect of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul, showing its main depositional systems (modi ed from Tomazelli and Villwock 2005); C. Panoramic view of banks exposed at Chui Creek and stratigraphic sequences (modi ed from Lopes 2013); D. Rincão dos Fialho, where the material of
an c  s s was collected.

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)
an c  s
O SON BAI


ercas and different from
 reseini which EFERRED MATERIAL is heavily truncated, and
 sineredis which Caudal tube, distal right portion, MCN-PV 32182. is ointed and sbtrian lar. In dorsal view it is Isolated osteoderms: MCN-PV 2594; MCN-PV possible to distinguish two subapical gures, as in
 3296; MCN-PV 5324; MCN-PV 7131; MCN- ren eians
 a ariensis and
 ercas . In PV 8766; MCN-PV 8804; MNRJ 2106-V; MNRJ
 reseini and
 sineredis there is
st one 2107-V; MNRJ 2138-V; MNRJ 2152-V; MNRJ dorsal gure. In dorsal view, the lateral gure can be 2155-V; MNRJ 3537. seen to be of relatively large size as in
 ren eians  and distinct from
 a ariensis 
 sineredis EOGRAPHIC PROVENANCE and
 ercas in which it is smaller. The terminal Balne rio ermeneildo coastal lain of io gure is oriented laterally as in
 ren eians and rande do Sl.
 ercas  while in
 a ariensis and
 reseini it is oriented ventrally. The terminal gure ESCRIPTION is surrounded by a shallow slope, which differs from The caudal tube, MCN-PV32182, shows an apexian
 sineredis and
 reseini . Althoh the gure, considered an apomorphy of
an c  s caudal tube is fragmented, it is possible to identify reseini , visible only on the dorsal surface and similar gures on the carapace. The morphology of of subcircular outline (Fig. 4A-A’); however, the the cadal tbe are the most variable in this secies apexian gure of
 reseini (DGM 1M) is less (Zamorano et al. 2012). deep than in the specimen MCN-PV 32182. In The osteoderms of the postero-dorsal region this specimen, it is possible to identify the gure of
 ercas are thick and their tubercular only in posterior view; in anterior view, it is poorly gures are larger than in any other species of reserved and it is not ossible to describe it in
an c  s (i. 3A). more accrate details.
 ercas is resent in the middle Pleistocene erreira et al. (2013) observed that osteoderms and late Pleistocene of Argentina, Uruguay, southern of the lateral reion of the caraace resent Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia (Hoffstetter 1963, distinctive featres to
 reseini : they are 1978, Mones and Francis 1973, Zurita et al. 2009b, thinner and have smaller tbercles which in trn Zamorano 2012, Zamorano et al. 2012). show a reater distance between the radial slci (Fig. 3B); the tubercular gures are small and have
an c  s cf.
 reseini a at surface, with a diameter of approximately (Fig 3B; Fig 4A-B) 2-7 mm. Some osteoderms from the ostero- dorsal region show a slight concavity in the center of the plane gures, resembling in this respect
 sineredis from the early Pleistocene of Argentina Ensenadan age.
 reseini is recorded in the Pleistocene of the northeast of Brazil and is considered an endemic secies of the Brazilian intretroical reion (Ber vist 1993 Porino and Ber vist 2002).

 - A.
an c  s ercas . B.
an c  s cf.

an c  s s. reseini Scale bars: 10 mm. (Fig. 4E-F; Fig 5; Fig 6)

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)

OS . IA A N AOANO AN ANA AIA IBIO

 - Caudal tubes. A, A′ – B, B′.
an c  s cf.
 reseini A–A′, View ventral; B–B′, View lateral; C, C′ – D, D′.
 ercas . C–C′, View ventral; D–D′, View lateral. E, E′ – F, F′.
an c  s sp. E – E′, View dorsal; F – F′, View lateral. Abbreviations: a. apical gure; ap. apexian gure; m. marginal gure; t. terminal gure; l. lateral gure; v. ventral gure; d. dorsal gure. Scale bars: 100 mm.

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)
an c  s
O SON BAI

EFERRED MATERIAL EOGRAPHIC PROVENANCE

Distal left portion of caudal tube (MCN-PV Balnerio ermeneildo coastal lain of io 2960); isolated osteoderms (MCN-PV3977; Grande do Sul; Rincão dos Fialho and Chuí Creek. MCN-PV 3979; MCN-PV 3980; MCN-PV 3981; ESCRIPTION MCN- PV 3982; MCN-PV 3987; MCN-PV 3958; The caudal tube (Fig 4 E-F) has a distal, semi- MCN-PV 3966; MCN-PV 3965; MCN-PV 3964; oval extremity and has a subtriangular shape, MCN-PV 3963; MCN-PV 3954; MCN-PV 3960; endin in a conical ti. In dorsal view the ca dal MCN-PV3971; MCN-PV 3975; MCN-PV 3985; tube presents only one dorsal gure, shared only MCN-PV6897; MCN-PV 6321; MCN-PV 4139; by
 reseini and
 sineredis , and lacks MCN-PV 4617; MCN-PV6326; MCN-PV4616; a secondary dorsal gure, which differs from
 MCN-PV 4136; MCN-PV 4108; MCN-PV ren eians 
 a ariensis and
 ercas . 4098; MCN-PV 4099; MCN-PV 4155; MCN-PV The terminal gure is oriented laterally as in
 6967; MCN-PV 8772; MCN-PV 8780; MCN-PV ren eians and
 ercas . Therefore, due to 8508; MCN-PV 7260; MCN-PV 7107; MCN-PV the fragmentary condition of the specimen MCN- 7118; MCN-PV 1150; MCN-PV 3949; MCN-PV P
2960 and the absence of dianostic feat res its 3957; MCN-PV 3976; MCN-PV 6324; MCN-PV specic assignment is not possible. 6325; MCN-PV 6345; MCN-PV 6322; MCN-PV All the carapace osteoderms analyzed are 6323; MCN-PV 6319; MCN-PV 6639; MCN-PV entaonal he aonal rectan lar or s b adran lar 6657; MCN-PV 6842; MCN-PV 6843; MCN-PV form, with thicknesses ranging from17.2 mm (MCN- 6859; MCN-PV 5350; MCN-PV 5396; MCN-PV PV 2016) to 42.8 mm (MCN-PV 4139), and show 5420; MCN-PV 5345; MCN-PV 5360; MCN-PV a tendency for merging between the osteoderms, 5441; MCN-PV 5442; MCN-PV 5924; MCN-PV especially those of the lateral side of the carapace. 5394; MCN-PV 5325; MCN-PV 5395; MCN-PV The osteoderms show the general ornamentation 5923; MCN-PV 5443; MCN-PV 5433; MCN-PV attern of the dorsal reion of the caraace of 5700; MCN-PV 5421; MCN-PV 5464; MCN-PV
an c  s , characterized by the presence of 5341; MCN-PV 5327; MCN-PV 5326; MCN-PV multiple polygons on the surface; these polygons 5445; MCN-PV 5589; MCN-PV 3961; MCN-PV are undened and do not possess the formation 3951; MCN-PV 3955; MCN-PV 3959; MCN-PV of a distinct central gure. In a few osteoderms 7112; MCN-PV 6320; MCN-PV 5444; MCN-PV there is a distinct central gure, typical of the 5551; MCN-PV 4988; MCN-PV 3974; MCN-PV lateral edes of
 ercas and
 ren eians 4001; MCN-PV 4002; MCN-PV 4033; MCN-PV (Zamorano 2012). In the south of Brazil, most of 4738; MCN-PV 4739; MCN-PV 4740; MCN-PV the records of glyptodonts are isolated osteoderms, 4741; MCN-PV 4742; MCN-PV 4743; MCN-PV which weakens the establishment of species 4744; MCN-PV 4745; MCN-PV 4746; MCN-PV identications. Morphological differences that 4747; MCN-PV 8800; MCN-PV 8803; MCN-PV enable us to classify these isolated osteoderms into 8805; MCN-PV 2960; MCN-PV 448; MCN-PV four main morphotypes were noted (Fig 5). 461; MCN-PV 145; MCN-PV 210; MCN-PV Morphotype I (MCN-PV 2043, Fig 5A). The 134;MCN-PV 1681; MCN-PV 2043; MCTFM- contact area between osteoderms has a ro h PV 859; MCTFM-PV 850; MCTFM-PV 117); aspect; in the external view the osteoderm presents articulated osteoderms of dorsal carapace (MCN- several subcircular and concave gures, which are P
5659). separated from each other by shallow radial sulci

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)


OS . IA A N AOANO AN ANA AIA IBIO

  - Morphotypes of the osteoderms of
an c  s sp. and detail. A–A′, Morphotype I; B–B′, Morphotype II; C–C′, Morphotype III; D–D′, Morphotype IV. Scale bars: 10 mm.

and limited by shallow radial sulci with foramina This morphology suggests that these osteoderms in the connection between them. The morphotype were fo nd in a more lateral reion of the caraace. I osteoderms are larger than the other morphotypes The morphotype III osteoderms were found in identied and were found only in the Chuí Creek Balneário Hermenegildo and Touro Passo Creek. locality (Fig 6). Morphotype IV (MCTFM-PV 117, Fig 5D). Morphotype II (MCN-PV 5659, Fig 5B). The This type presents a spongy aspect, making it contact area between osteoderms does not have a ossible to differentiate small fi res on the rough aspect as in morphotype I; in external view surface of the osteoderm. The morphotype IV the osteoderms present several circular gures, osteoderms differ from the other morphotypes small, prominent and trabecular in aspect. The by their greater thickness; they are quite similar gures are limited by wide and shallow radial sulci to errs raecas Zurita and Ferrero with relatively large foramina. The morphotype II 2009 (AP 1510 i 2) in e ternal view osteoderms are smaller than the morphotypes I and b t in lateral view raercas resents I
 and were fo nd in the osrio do S l inc o layers of compact bone that are much thicker dos Fialho locality and Santa Vitória do Palmar, than in
an c  s  with a smaller ma im m Balneário Hermenegildo locality (Fig. 6). diameter and in internal view fewer foramina Morphotype III (MCN-PV 4988, Fig. 5C). This are observed (eiht to ten in  raecas and morphotype is distinguished by deep radial sulci three in the Brazilian material, MCTFM-PV 117). and by clearly polygonal gures (pentagonal and The morphotype IV osteoderms were found in hexagonal), at and without any trabecular aspect. Balneário Hermenegildo and Chui Creek.

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)
an c  s FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL 

  - Distribution of the morphotypes in localities of the study.

The morphotypes present signi cant Oliveira (2008) revised the fauna of mammals from morholoical differences which co ld indicate Touro Passo based on new materials, and proposed that the osteoderms are from different areas of the the resence of
an c  s sp. previously reported carapace. Chuí Creek and Balneário Hermenegildo to the locality by Bombin (1976) as
 ercas . are the localities with the most morholoical Herein, we identify
ercas and
 cf.
 diversity of osteoderms. However, it is interesting reseini to the Balnerio ermeneildo while to note that the morphotype I osteoderms were for the other locations studied (Touro Passo Creek, found only in Chuí Creek. At present, it is safer to Chuí Creek and Rincão dos alhos ) assigning assin these secimens to
an c  s s.
an c  s s. The caudal tubes, although very fragmented,       are more informative than osteoderms, and they Thus far, the previous records of
an c  s were cautiously used to identify
an c  s ercas in io rande do S l (Pa la Co to ercas and
 cf.
 reseini . Unfortunately, 1943, Bombin 1976) are dubious. Oliveira (1996) the ca dal t bes are derived from the continental in a study on the Xenartha of Rio Grande do Sul, shelf, so they do not possess a stratigraphic context. analyzed the material assigned to
 ercas Thus, a better identi cation of these species is still and considered it as
an c  s s. beca se dependent on new ndings from the continental the specimens were isolated and insuf ciently Quaternary beds. reserved osteoderms which were not eno h to All other osteoderms desite havin different differentiate the species. In addition, Kerber and shaes ( adran lar entaonal and he aonal)

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1) 
OS . IA A N AOANO AN ANA AIA IBIO show the same retic lar attern characteristic al. 2011) have ar ed that the secies of
an c  s of the genus. The depth of the radial sulci may can be differentiated by unique combinations of vary considerably in
an c  s  accordin to caraace and ca dal t be characteristics. its localition on the caraace so it cannot be sed Moreira (1971) observed a wide variation as a diagnostic feature. Most of the osteoderms between secimens of
 reseini  interreted found could not be assigned to a particular species; by him as ontogenetic. Chimento and Agnolin however some individ al were ossible to be (2011) described a iece frament of ca dal t be identied at level. An example of this are the from Santiago del Estero province, Argentina, this osteoderms of
 ren eians located on the ca dal fragment described and gured by them, do not ede of the caraace which bear an oenin that present evidence apexian gure, but a detailed note narrows down and closes with a ro nded almost on the gure provided by these authors in view cylindrical cross-section (Zamorano 2012). It ventral is observed two ventral gure, which do not has also been fo nd that the osteoderms of the corresond to
 reseini . It is noteworthy that that ostero-dorsal reion of
 ercas and the fragment described here may actually represent lateral osteoderms of
 reseini can be sed to the rst occurrence of
 reseini o tside the distin ish these secies (see i 3). Brazilian Intertropical Region. The presence of The species of
an c  s show the e ternal the secies
 sineredis (based in MCN-PV s rface of osteoderms i similar morholoical 2960) may not be ruled out either, although it is pattern comprising small tubercles. Particularly, a taxon typical of the early-middle Pleistocene, in
ineredis (antero-dorsal and ostero-dorsal while
 reseini and
 a ariensis are from reions) and
 a ariensis (dorsal reion the Pleistocene sens a and considered endemic following Moreira 1971) the carapace shows the to the northeast of Brazil (Ber vist 1993 Porino typical rosette pattern (Zurita et al  2011); however, and Ber vist 2002). Costa Pereira et al. (201) interret this frament In Brazil the fossil record of
an c  s is of
 a ariensis as havin similarities with the restricted to the so thern and northeast of Brazil (see cehalic shield of other secies of
an c  s . Fig 1); the fossils recorded between these regions The pattern differs from that observed on the are mainly in cave of karstic origin (see. Lund 1839, dorsal reions of the caraace of
 ren eians  Salles et al. 2006 Castro and aner 2011 hilardi
 ercas and
 reseini  in which a clear et al. 2011, Silva et al. 2012). The glyptodonts reticular pattern is observed (Zamorano 2012). previously reported for this type of depositional Porino and Ber vist (2002) oint o t that the environment are
dn and r s . The caraace of
 a ariens is less thick than in
 absence of anc s in these localities may be due reseini  and that this feat re reresents another to the lack of further study in these regions, where distin ishin characteristic amon the ta a. Costa the Pleistocene deposits are still poorly known. Pereira et al. (201) indicate the need detailed Zurita et al. (2005) suggested that the strong revision of
 a ariensis . development of frontonasal sinuses and a strongly There are some diagnostic features at least pneumatized skull in escerca s and for some secies of
an c  s (resence of anc s played a major rule in thermoregulation main gures in osteoderms from the antero and and wo ld reresent an adatation for savanna- osterodorsal reions of caraace in
 ineredis like environments in a semiarid climate period. and presence of an apexian gure in
 reseini  for Carlini et al. (200) s est based on the fa na instance).  rthermore some a thors (e.. Cr z et of Mesopotamia Argentine, southern Brazil

An Acad Bras Cienc (2015) 87 (1)
an c  s
O SON BAI  and Uruguay West, would be associated an    environmental conditions wetter and warm. O gênero anc s re
resenta a ltima linhaem de During the Quaternary, there were several glacial "Panochthini" registrado no Pleistoceno. Este gênero tem cycles, with cold and dry periods interrupted by hot and uma ampla distribuição latitudinal na América do Sul, e wetter periods (Haberle and Maslin 1999). Multiple no Brasil ocorre nas rei es sl e nordeste. No
resente pulses of expansion/contraction of the elds and trabalho se descreve novos materiais (osteodermos reression/transression of sea levels were recorded. isolados e framentos de tbo cadal) de anc s do According to Scillato-Yane et al. (2002) during mainly estado de io rande do Sl (Sl do Brasil) e se discte the last interlacial eriod there was develoment of almas est es taonmicas relatada
ara A ocorrência an ecological corridor connecting the Mesopotamia de reseini é o primeiro para fora da Região reion of Arentine with the intertroical reion of Intertropical Brasileira. Além disso, nós descrevemos Brazil. Snchez et al. (200) roose a corridor alon novas caractersticas
ara diferenciar osteodermos de the east of So th America and some coastal areas of reseini e  erc a s . Infelizmente no foi the Atlantic which was formed d rin reression of possível identicar alguns osteodermos em nível de sea level, and was used by mammals adapted to mesic espécie. Curiosamente, eles mostraram quatro morfotipos, environments. These pulses can justify the concurrent caracterizados
or sa morfoloia eterna e atribdos a resence of enera from intertroical and amean anc s s
. inalmente ns conclmos e ao lado reions thro h the Pleistocene for e amle: de  erc a s reistrados
ara o sl do Brasil h otras anc s  a aeri ervais and Amehino espécies do gênero designada a . cf. reseini . Nossas 1880  esina Simson 1930
dn Owen, analises reforça a conabilidade das características do tubo 1839 and i asdn Cabrera 1929 in so thern caudal para a classicação das espécies de anc s Brazil mainly in the plain coast of Rio Grande do Sul. The interesting thing is the simultaneous presence  Glyptodontidae, Panochthus, Pleistoceno, of purportedly endemic intertropical species and Sl do Brasil osteodermos. amaean secies belonin to those enera in the  same area (see Oliveira and Pereira 2009). BERGQVIST P . 1993 . azimentos Pleistocênicos do estado da
   Paraba e ses fsseis. ev Nordestina de Biol 8(2): 13-158. BOMBIN M. 1976 . Modelo paleoecológico evolutivo para o The authors thank the Coordenação de Neoquaternário da região da Campanha-Oeste do Rio A
erfeioamento de Pessoal de Nvel S
erior Grande do Sul (Brasil). A Formação Touro Passo, seu (CAPES) for nancial support to J.D.F. as a fellowship conte do fossilfero e a
edoênese
s-de
osicional. Comun Ms Cienc PUCRS 15: 1-90. of the Prorama de Ps-radao em eociências/ BRANNER C . 1915 . Geologia Elementar. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; FZBRS rancisco Alves  Cia 396
. and LGP-V FURG for the infrastructure provided; CA INI AA ZURITA AE ASPA INI  AN NORIEGA I . 200 . Los Mamíferos del Pleistoceno de la Mesopotamia D.da Silva, L.Kerber,V.G. Pitana ( in e ria ) argentina y su relación con los del Centro Norte de la E.V.Oliveira, K.O.Porpino and A.E.Zurita for reading Argentina, Paraguay y Sur de Bolivia, y los del Sur and commenting on the rst version of the manuscript; de Brasil y Oeste de Uruguay: Paleobiogeografía y Paleoambientes. INSUGEO, Miscelánea 12: 83-90. we are greatly indebted to D.D.Rego (MNRJ), CASTELLANOS A. 192 . A propósito de los géneros R.P.Lopes (LGP/FURG), R.R.Machado (DNPM) Plohophorus, Nopachthus y Panochthus (3 a
arte). Pbl and J. Pereira (MCTFM) for enabling access to the Inst isior eol 11: 17-592. CASTRO MC AN ANGER MC . 2011 . The mammalian fauna specimens studied; and to L. Rota for enabling access of Abismo Iatemi sotheastern Brazil.  of Cave and to com
arative material nder his care. Karst Stud 73(2): 83-92.

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