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Pristup Agregaciji Mrežnih Veza U Operativnom Sistemu Sa Mikrojezgrom

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Pristup Agregaciji Mrežnih Veza U Operativnom Sistemu Sa Mikrojezgrom UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU FAKULTET TEHNIČKIH NAUKA NOVI SAD Kandidat: Lazar Stričević Pristup agregaciji mrežnih veza u operativnom sistemu sa mikrojezgrom doktorska disertacija Mentor: dr Miroslav Hajduković Novi Sad 2016 УНИВЕРЗИТЕТ У НОВОМ САДУ ФАКУЛТЕТ ТЕХНИЧКИХ НАУКА 21000 НОВИ САД, Трг Доситеја Обрадовића 6 КЉУЧНА ДОКУМЕНТАЦИЈСКА ИНФОРМАЦИЈА Редни број, РБР: Идентификациони број, ИБР: Тип документације, ТД: Монографска публикација Тип записа, ТЗ: Текстуални штампани документ/ЦД Врста рада, ВР: Докторска дисертација Аутор, АУ: Лазар Стричевић Ментор, МН: др Мирослав Хајдуковић, редовни професор Наслов рада, НР: Приступ агрегацији мрежних веза у оперативном систему са микројезгром Језик публикације, ЈП: српски (латиница) Језик извода, ЈИ: српски/енглески Земља публиковања, ЗП: Србија Уже географско подручје, УГП: Војводина Година, ГО: 2016. Издавач, ИЗ: Ауторски репринт Место и адреса, МА: Факултет техничких наука (ФТН), Д. Обрадовића 6, 21000 Нови Сад Физички опис рада, ФО: 7/90/107/0/27/0/2 (поглавља/страна/ цитата/табела/слика/графика/прилога) Научна област, НО: Електротехничко и рачунарско инжењерство Научна дисциплина, НД: Примењене рачунарске науке и информатика Предметна одредница/Кључне речи, ПО: агрегација мрежних веза, микројезгро, толеранција поремећаја, ослоњивост, поузданост, доступност, рачунарске мреже УДК Чува се, ЧУ: Библиотека ФТН, Д. Обрадовића 6, 21000 Нови Сад Важна напомена, ВН: Извод, ИЗ: Теза се бави повећањем укупне ослонљивости модуларног микрокернел оперативног систем MINIX 3 кроз повећање поузданости његовог мрежног подсистема. То је постигнуто тако што је овом оперативном систему додата агрегација мрежних веза, чиме је подражана толеранција на поремећај комуникационих линија. На крају је дата анализа како додати део утиче на укупне мрежне перформансе. Датум прихватања теме, ДП: Датум одбране, ДО: Чланови комисије, КО: Председник: др Душан Малбашки, редовни професор Члан: др Александар Ердељан, ванредни професор Члан: др Бранислав Атлагић, ванредни професор Члан: др Жарко Живанов, доцент Потпис ментора Члан, ментор: др Мирослав Хајдуковић, редовни професор UNIVERSITY OF NOVI SAD FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES 21000 NOVI SAD, Trg DoSiteja Obradovića 6 KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION Образац Q2.НА.04-05 - Издање 1 Accession number, ANO: Identification number, INO: Document type, DT: Monographic publication Type of record, TR: Textual material, printed/CD Contents code, CC: Ph.D. thesis Author, AU: Lazar Stričević Mentor, MN: Ph. D. Miroslav Hajduković, full professor Title, TI: Link aggregation approach to a microkernel operating system Language of text, LT: Serbian Language of abstract, LA: Serbian/English Country of publication, CP: Serbia Locality of publication, LP: Vojvodina Publication year, PY: 2016 Publisher, PB: Author's reprint Publication place, PP: Faculty of Technical Sciences, D. Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad Physical description, PD: 7/90/107/0/27/0/2 (chapterS/pageS/ref./tableS/pictureS/graphS/appendixeS) Scientific field, SF: Electrical and Computer Engineering Scientific discipline, SD: Applied Computer Science and Informatics Subject/Key words, S/KW: link aggregation, microkernel, fault tolerance, dependability, reliability, availability, computer networks UC Holding data, HD: Library of Faculty of Technical Sciences, D. Obradovića 6, 21000 Note, N: Abstract, AB: The thesis deals with the way to increase the dependability of the modular microkernel operating system MINIX 3 through the increase of the reliability of its network subsystem. This is achieved by adding link aggregation to this operating system, which added fault tolerance for the communication lines. At the end, the analysis is given of how new module affects the overall network performance. Accepted by the Scientific Board on, ASB: Defended on, DE: Defended Board, DB: President: Ph. D. Dušan Malbaški, full professor Member: Ph. D. Aleksandar Erdeljan, associate professor Member: Ph. D. Branislav Atlagić, associate professor Member: Ph. D. Žarko Živanov, assistant professor Menthor's sign Member, Mentor: Ph. D. Miroslav Hajduković, full professor Sadržaj 1. Opšti uvod 1­1 1.1 Osnovni pojmovi oslonjivosti 1­1 1.2 Potreba za oslonjivošću operativnog sistema 1­2 1.3 Uzroci otkaza operativnog sistema 1­4 1.3.1 Kompleksnost softvera 1­4 1.3.2 Problemi sa drajverima 1­5 1.3.3 Problemi sa hardverom 1­5 1.4 Život sa greškama u sistemu 1­5 1.4.1 Mikrokernel 1­6 1.5 Važnost mrežnih komunikacija 1­7 1.6 Tema i cilj istraživanja 1­8 1.7 Struktura rada 1­9 1.8 Literatura 1­9 2. Primer operativnog sistema zasnovanog na mikrojezgru: MINIX 3 2­1 2.1 Kratka istorija MINIX­a 2­1 2.1.1 Mikrokernel 2­2 2.2 Struktura operativnog sistema MINIX 3 2­3 2.3 Međuprocesna komunikacija (IPC) 2­4 2.4 Upravljanje drajverima 2­6 2.5 Izolacija drajvera 2­8 2.5.1 Klasifikacija privilegovanih operacija 2­8 2.5.1.1 Klasa I: upotreba procesora 2­8 2.5.1.2 Klasa II: pristup memoriji 2­9 2.5.1.3 Klasa III: Ulaz/Izlaz 2­9 2.5.1.4 Klasa IV: IPC 2­9 2.5.2 Izolaciona arhitektura 2­10 2.5.2.1 Sistemska strukturna zaštita 2­10 2.5.2.2 Statička politika izolacije drajvera 2­11 2.5.2.3 Mehanizmi dinamičke kontrole pristupa 2­13 2.5.3 Ograničavanje pristupa memoriji 2­13 2.5.3.1 Memorijske reference 2­14 2.5.3.2 Kopiranje i deljenje memorije 2­14 2.5.4 Ograničavanje ulaza/izlaza uređaja 2­16 2.5.4.1 Pristup uređaju 2­16 2.5.4.2 Obrada prekida 2­16 2.5.5 Ograničavanje međuprocesne komunikacije (IPC) 2­16 2.5.5.1 IPC primitive 2­17 2.5.5.2 Obrasci komunikacije sa nepouzdanim partnerom 2­17 2.6 Literatura 2­19 ​ 3. Funkcionisanje mrežnog podsistema 3­1 3.1 Nivoi mrežne komunikacije 3­1 3.2 Mrežni interfejs 3­2 3.2.1 Princip rada NIC 3­3 3.3 Mrežni drajver 3­4 3.3.1 Pojam drajvera 3­4 3.3.2 Specifičnosti mrežnog drajvera 3­5 3.3.3 Mrežni drajver na monolitnom sistemu (Linux) 3­5 3.3.3.1 “Sve je fajl” 3­6 3.3.3.2 Kako rade mrežni drajveri na Linux­u? 3­7 3.3.3.3 Implementacija mrežnog drajvera na Linux­u 3­7 3.3.4 Mrežni drajver na mikrokernelu (MINIX) 3­8 3.3.4.1 Sistemski procesi 3­9 3.3.4.2 Funkcionisanje drajvera na MINIX­u 3­9 Instanca drajvera 3­10 Inicijalizacija 3­10 Interakcija sa sistemom 3­10 Protokol komunikacije 3­11 Prenos podataka 3­11 3.3.4.3 Opis poruka protokola za komunikaciju sa mrežnim drajverom 3­12 Konfiguracija 3­12 Statistika 3­13 Prenos podataka 3­13 Prijem paketa 3­13 Slanje paketa 3­14 Odgovor na zahteve za prijem i slanje paketa 3­14 3.4 Mrežni podsistem operativnog sistema 3­15 (mrežni i transportni protokoli) 3.4.1 Mrežni podsistem Linux jezgra 3­15 3.4.2 Mrežni podsistem MINIX­a 3­16 3.5 Literatura 3­16 4. Agregacija mrežnih veza 4­1 4.1 Uvod 4­1 4.2 Nivoi agregacije 4­2 4.3 Agregacija mrežnih veza na nivou linka podataka 4­3 4.3.1 Režimi agregacije 4­3 4.3.1.1 Aktivni­pomoćni (“active­backup”) 4­3 4.3.1.2 Emisija (“broadcast”) 4­4 4.3.1.3 Kružno balansiranje (“balance­rr”) 4­4 4.3.1.4 EksILI balansiranje (“balance­xor”) 4­5 4.3.1.5 Balansiranje odlaznog i dolaznog opterećenja (“balance­tlb”, 4­6 “balance­alb”) 4.3.2 Upotreba agregacije na host i mrežnim uređajima 4­6 4.3.3 Statička i dinamička agregacija 4­6 4.3.4 Izvedba agregacije 2. nivoa na aktivnoj mrežnoj opremi 4­7 4.3.4.1 EtherChannel 4­7 4.3.4.2 MLT (Multi­link Trunking) 4­7 4.3.4.3 IEEE 802.3ad 4­7 4.3.5 Izvedba agregacije u operativnim sistemima opšte namene 4­8 4.3.5.1 Agregacija na Linux­u: drajver “bonding” 4­8 4.3.5.2 BSD: drajveri “lagg”, “trunk“ i “agr“ 4­9 4.3.5.3 Mac OS X 4­9 4.3.5.4 Windows 4­9 4.4 Agregacija na mrežnom nivou 4­10 4.5 Agregacija na transportnom nivou 4­10 4.6 Agregacija na aplikativnom/midlver nivou 4­10 4.7 Literatura 4­11 5. Primer implementacije agregacije mrežnih veza: MINIX 3 5­1 5.1 Mogući modeli implementacije agregacije mrežnih veza na nivou linka podataka 5­1 5.1.1 Opcija 1: izmena drajvera 5­1 5.1.2 Opcija 2: izmena TCP/IP sloja 5­1 5.1.3 Opcija 3: Implementacija agregacionog drajvera 5­2 5.2 Implementacija agregacionog drajvera 5­2 5.2.1 Prosleđivanje saobraćaja 5­3 5.2.2 IPC komunikacija 5­3 5.2.3 Nadzor veze 5­4 5.2.4 Delovi agregacionog drajvera 5­4 5.2.5 Konfiguracija 5­6 5.2.6 Izvođenje 5­6 5.2.7 Kompajliranje 5­8 5.2.8 Alat za testiranje 5­9 5.3 Plan za budući rad 5­9 5.3.1 Predlog modifikacije postojećih mrežnih drajvera 5­9 5.4 Literatura 5­10 6. Testiranje agregacionog drajvera 6­1 6.1 Testiranje ispravnosti agregacionog drajvera 6­1 6.2 Ocena performansi agregacije 6­2 6.2.1 Metodologija merenja 6­3 6.2.2 Testiranje performansi 6­4 6.2.2.1 Test perormansi 1: iperf TCP test na 100Mbit/s 6­4 6.2.2.2 Test performansi 2: iperf TCP test na 1000Mbit/s 6­5 6.2.2.3 Test performansi 2­2: iperf TCP test na 1000Mbit/s sa bržim 6­5 procesorom 6.2.2.4 Test performansi 3: Direktni test emisije (“broadcast”) na 100Mbit/s 6­6 6.2.2.5 Test performansi 4: Direktni test emisije na 1000Mbit/s 6­7 6.3 Literatura 6­8 7.
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