DOCSLIB.ORG

CPSC Staff Statement on the Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment Report, “Exposure Assessment: Composition, Production, and Use of Phthalates” August 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CPSC Staff Statement on the Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment Report, “Exposure Assessment: Composition, Production, and Use of Phthalates” August 2015 CPSC Staff Statement on the Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment Report, “Exposure Assessment: Composition, Production, and Use of Phthalates” August 2015 The report, Exposure Assessment: Composition, Production, and Use of Phthalates, presents the findings of research conducted by Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (“TERA”) under a contract with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”). TERA performed this research to characterize composition, manufacturing processes, and applications of 11 specified phthalates. The phthalates researched are: • DEHP: di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate • DBP: dibutyl phthalate • BBP: benzyl butyl phthalate • DINP: diisononyl phthalate • DIDP: diisodecyl phthalate • DnOP: di-n-octyl phthalate • DIOP: diisooctyl phthalate • DIBP: diisobutyl phthalate • DPENP: di-n-pentyl phthalate • DHEXP: di-n-hexyl phthalate • DCHP: dicyclohexyl phthalate This research was completed in support of CPSC’s work on third party testing burden reduction consistent with assuring compliance. CPSC staff will consider this information in evaluating whether staff could make a recommendation for a Commission determination that some materials do not contain any of the 11 phthalates in concentrations above 0.1 percent, and thus, may not require third party testing to assure compliance with section 108 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008. This report will be posted on CPSC’s website to keep stakeholders informed of the progress of technical research related to the agency’s regulatory activities. Exposure Assessment: Composition, Production, And Use of Phthalates Task Order 11 Contract Number CPSC-D-12-0001 July 15, 2015 Revised Report Prepared by: Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) University of Cincinnati Contact: Patricia McGinnis [email protected] Stephen Thiel [email protected] Jeanelle Martinez [email protected] Alison Willis [email protected] Bernard Gadagbui [email protected] Douglas Lee [email protected] Amina Darwish [email protected] Abbreviation List ........................................................................................................................... ix 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Literature Review Strategy ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Tier 1, Secondary Literature............................................................................................. 4 2.2 Tier 2, Reviewing Secondary Sources ........................................................................... 11 2.3 Tier 3, Gap Searching..................................................................................................... 13 3 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) CASRN: 117-81-7 ................................................... 17 3.1 Raw Materials Used in Production of DEHP ................................................................. 17 3.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of DEHP .................................................................. 18 3.3 Worldwide Manufacturing Processes for DEHP ........................................................... 20 3.4 Annual Production of DEHP .......................................................................................... 21 3.5 Application of DEHP in Materials, Consumer Products and Nonconsumer Products .. 22 3.5.1 Children’s Products ................................................................................................. 23 3.5.2 Other Products ........................................................................................................ 30 3.6 Routes of Introduction of DEHP into Phthalate-Free Material ...................................... 33 3.7 References ...................................................................................................................... 36 4 Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) CASRN: 84-74-2 ........................................................................ 42 4.1 Raw Materials used in Production of DBP .................................................................... 42 4.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of DBP ..................................................................... 43 4.3 Worldwide Manufacturing Processes for DBP .............................................................. 45 4.4 Annual Production of DBP ............................................................................................ 45 4.5 Application of DBP in Materials, Consumer Products and Nonconsumer Products ..... 47 4.5.1 Children’s Products ................................................................................................. 47 4.5.2 Other Products ........................................................................................................ 51 4.6 Routes of Introduction of DBP into Phthalate-free Material ......................................... 53 4.7 References ...................................................................................................................... 54 5 Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) CASRN: 85-68-7 ................................................................ 58 5.1 Raw Materials Used in Production of BBP .................................................................... 58 5.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of BBP ..................................................................... 59 5.3 Worldwide Manufacturing Processes for BBP .............................................................. 61 5.4 Annual Production of BBP ............................................................................................. 61 ii 5.5 Application of BBP in Materials, Consumer Products and Nonconsumer Products ..... 62 5.5.1 Child Care Products ................................................................................................ 63 5.5.2 Other Products ........................................................................................................ 65 5.6 Routes of Introduction of BBP into Phthalate-free Material.......................................... 66 5.7 References ...................................................................................................................... 67 6 Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) CASRN: 28553-12-0, 68515-40-0 ...................................... 72 6.1 Raw Materials Used in Production of DINP .................................................................. 72 6.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of DINP ................................................................... 73 6.3 Worldwide Manufacturing Processes for DINP............................................................. 75 6.4 Annual Production of DINP ........................................................................................... 76 6.5 Application of DINP in Materials, Consumer Products and Nonconsumer Products ... 77 6.5.1 Children’s Products ................................................................................................. 77 6.5.2 Other Products ....................................................................................................... 88 6.6 Routes of Introduction of DINP into Phthalate-free Material ........................................ 90 6.7 References ...................................................................................................................... 91 7 Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) CASRN: 26761-40-0, 68515-49-1 ........................................ 98 7.1 Raw Materials Used in Production of DIDP .................................................................. 98 7.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of DIDP ................................................................... 98 7.3 Worldwide Manufacturing of DIDP ............................................................................ 101 7.4 Annual Production of DIDP ......................................................................................... 101 7.5 Applications for DIDP in Materials, Consumer Products and Nonconsumer Products102 7.5.1 Child Care Products .............................................................................................. 102 7.5.2 Other Products ...................................................................................................... 105 7.6 Routes of Introduction of DIDP into Phthalate-free Material ...................................... 108 7.7 References .................................................................................................................... 109 8 Di-n-Octyl Phthalate (DnOP) CASRN: 117-84-0 ............................................................ 111 8.1 Raw Materials Used in Production of DnOP ............................................................... 111 8.2 Chemical and Physical Properties of DnOP ................................................................. 111 8.3 Worldwide Manufacturing Processes of DnOP ........................................................... 113 8.4 Annual Production of DnOP ........................................................................................ 114 8.5 Application of DnOP in Materials, Consumer Products and Nonconsumer Products . 114 iii 8.5.1 Children’s Products ............................................................................................... 114 8.5.2 Other Products ...................................................................................................... 116 8.6 Routes of Introduction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Nanosized Cu/Ni Schiff-Base Complexes and Their Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
    catalysts Article Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Nanosized Cu/Ni Schiff-Base Complexes and Their Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi 1, Laila H. Abdel-Rahman 2,*, Ahmed M. Abu-Dief 2, Shimaa M. Abdel-Fatah 2, Tawfiq M. Alotaibi 3, Ali M. Alsalme 4 and Ayman Nafady 4,* 1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82534, Egypt; [email protected] (A.M.A.-D.); [email protected] (S.M.A.-F.) 3 King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; tawfi[email protected] 4 Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.H.A.R.); [email protected] (A.N.); Tel.: +966-569-407-110 (A.N.) Received: 26 September 2018; Accepted: 10 October 2018; Published: 13 October 2018 Abstract: In this work, nanosized Cu and Ni Schiff-base complexes, namely ahpvCu, ahpnbCu, and ahpvNi, incorporating imine ligands derived from the condensation of 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, with either 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde (ahpv) or 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (ahpnb), were synthesized using sonochemical approach. The structure and properties of the new ligands and their complexes with Ni(II) and Cu(II) were determined via infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electronic spectra (UV-Vis), elemental analysis (CHN), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), molar conductivity (Lm), and magnetic moment (meff). The combined results revealed the formation of 1:1 (metal: ligand) complexes for ahpvCu and ahpvNi and 1:2 for ahpnbCu.
    [Show full text]
  • Vinyl Chloride
    Withdrawn Provided for Historical Reference Only VINYL CHLORIDE Method no.: 04 Matrix: Air Target concentration: 1 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) (OSHA PEL) Procedure: Collection on charcoal (two-tubes in-series) , desorption with carbon disulfide, analysis by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Stored in refrigerator and analyzed as soon as possible. Detection limit based on recommended air volume: 0.25 ppm Recommended air volume and sampling rate: 1 L at 0.05 L/min Standard error of estimate at the target concentration: 7.6% (Figure 4.1.) Status of method: Recommended by NIOSH, partially evaluated by OSHA Laboratory. Date:WITHDRAWN April 1979 Chemist: Dee R. Chambers Organic Methods Evaluation Branch OSHA Analytical Laboratory Salt Lake City Utah Note: OSHA no longer uses or supports this method (December 2019). Withdrawn Provided for Historical Reference Only 1. General Discussion 1.1. Background 1.1.1. History In January 1974, B.F. Goodrich Chemical Company informed NIOSH of several deaths among polyvinyl chloride production workers from angiosarcoma, a rare liver cancer. In response to this and other evidence of potential hazards, OSHA lowered the workplace air standard for vinyl chloride (VC) from 500 ppm to 1 ppm 8-h time weighted average. Since the recognition that VC was a carcinogen, a great deal of research into the sampling and analytical methodology has been conducted. Perhaps the most complete and thorough examination has been conducted by Hill, McCammon, Saalwaechter, Teass, and W oodfin for NIOSH titled "The Gas Chromatographic Determination of Vinyl Chloride in Air Samples Collected on Charcoal" (Ref. 5.1.).
    [Show full text]
  • Business Guidance on Phthalates
    Business guidance on phthalates How to limit phthalates of concern in articles? November 2013 Danish branch of EPBA, Brussels This guidance has been prepared on the initiative of the Danish EPA and organisations, DI (the Confederation of Danish Industry), the Danish Chamber of Commerce, DI ITEK (the Danish ICT and electronics federation for it, telecommunications, electronics and communication enterprises), BFE (the Danish Consumer Electronics Association), Batteriforeningen (the Danish branch of the European battery association EPBA), ITB (the Danish IT Industry Association) and FEHA (the Danish Association for Suppliers of Electrical Domestic Appliances) in a collaboration between the Danish EPA and representatives from the organisations. The guidance applies to companies marketing articles to either private or industrial users in Denmark. The target group is buyers in Danish companies that import or act as commercial agents, intermediaries or retailers, as well as foreign companies that export to Denmark. 2 Content How to limit phthalates of concern in articles? ................................................................... 4 Key to identification of articles with phthalates .................................................................. 8 Facts on phthalates ............................................................................................................................. 10 What should you ask your supplier? .......................................................................................... 11 What are the
    [Show full text]
  • A Simple, Fast, and Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for Determination and Quantification of Phthalates in Distilled Beverages
    A Simple, Fast, and Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for Determination and Quantification of Phthalates in Distilled Beverages Dimple Shah and Jennifer Burgess Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA APPLICATION BENEFITS INTRODUCTION ■■ Separation and detection of 7 phthalates Phthalates, esters of phthalic acid, are often used as plasticizers for polymers such in 11 minutes. as polyvinylchloride. They are widely applicable in various products including personal care goods, cosmetics, paints, printing inks, detergents, coatings, ■■ Simple, quick “dilute and shoot” sample preparation method for routine applications and food packaging. These phthalates have been found to leach readily into the where high sample throughput is required. environment and food as they are not chemically bound to plastics. As such they are known to be ubiquitously present in our environment. ■■ Elimination of major phthalate contamination using the ACQUITY UPLC® Isolator Column. Phthalates have been reported to show a variety of toxic effects related to reproduction in animal studies, which has resulted in these compounds being ■■ Selective mass spectra obtained for all seven considered as endocrine disruptors. Screening food and beverages for phthalates phthalates with dominant precursor ion. contamination is required by many legislative bodies, although regulations vary ■■ Low limits of quantification achieved using from country to country in regards to acceptable daily tolerances and specific Waters® ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System migration limits. and Xevo® TQD. Traditionally, phthalates have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass ■■ Single and robust method for a variety spectrometry (GC-MS), where derivatization and/or extraction and sample of distilled beverages. preparation is often required to improve chromatographic separation.1 The ■■ Maintain consumer confidence and resulting GC-EI-MS spectra can lack selectivity, where the base ion, used for ensure compliance in market.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzyl Alcohol Formulation
    SAFETY DATA SHEET Benzyl Alcohol Formulation Version Revision Date: SDS Number: Date of last issue: 10.10.2020 1.2 09.04.2021 4702904-00003 Date of first issue: 29.07.2019 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1 Product identifier Trade name : Benzyl Alcohol Formulation 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Use of the Sub- : Veterinary product stance/Mixture 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company : MSD 20 Spartan Road 1619 Spartan, South Africa Telephone : +27119239300 E-mail address of person : [email protected] responsible for the SDS 1.4 Emergency telephone number +1-908-423-6000 SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008) Not a hazardous substance or mixture. 2.2 Label elements Labelling (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008) Not a hazardous substance or mixture. Additional Labelling EUH210 Safety data sheet available on request. 2.3 Other hazards This substance/mixture contains no components considered to be either persistent, bioaccumula- tive and toxic (PBT), or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) at levels of 0.1% or higher. SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients 3.2 Mixtures Components Chemical name CAS-No. Classification Concentration 1 / 13 SAFETY DATA SHEET Benzyl Alcohol Formulation Version Revision Date: SDS Number: Date of last issue: 10.10.2020 1.2 09.04.2021 4702904-00003 Date of first issue: 29.07.2019 EC-No. (% w/w) Index-No. Registration number Benzyl alcohol 100-51-6 Acute Tox.
    [Show full text]
  • Floor Polishing Composition
    Europaisches Patentamt 0 358 984 J European Patent Office (p) Publication number: A2 Office europeen des brevets © EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION £) Application number: 89115478.3 (f) int. ci.5- C09G 1/16 © Date of filing: 22.08.89 ® Priority: 16.09.88 US 245427 © Applicant: STERLING DRUG INC. 90 Park Avenue © Date of publication of application: New York New York(US) 21.03.90 Bulletin 90/12 @ Inventor: Jethwa, Anil Parmanand © Designated Contracting States: 1363 Omara Drive AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI NL SE Union New Jersey 07083(US) ™) Representative: Baillie, lain Cameron et al c/o Ladas & Parry Isartorplatz 5 D-8000 Munchen 2(DE) © Floor polishing composition. © An aqueous cleaning, coating and polishing composition consisting essentially of 1 to 20% by weight of a water insoluble alkali soluble addition polymer comprising at least one hydrophilic monomer selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate, where aikyl has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one hydrophobic monomer selected from styrene and monoalkylstyrene where monoalkyl has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 to 13% by weight of an alkali soluble 2:1 to 3:1 styrene:acrylic acid resin, 5 to 15% by weight of a fugitive plasticizer, 1 to 3% by weight of a permanent plasticizer, 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of an anionic or nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant leveling agent, 0.0003 to 0.003% by weight of a dimethylpolysiloxane antifoaming agent; 0.0003 to 0.003% by weight of a 1 ,2- benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one or 3(2H)-isothazolone preservative, ammonia to provide a pH of 8.0 to 9.6 and water q.s.
    [Show full text]
  • BMF 32 - Plasticizers: Phthalates and Adipates
    BMF 32 - Plasticizers: Phthalates and Adipates Phthalate and adipate esters are widely used as surfactants and in food and per- sonal care products as plasticizers. Phthalates and adipates are also found in food as a result of leakage into food containers. Chiron offers a wide range of analytically pure deuterated and native phthalates and adipates, as well as mixes. Custom made mixes are available on request. Metabolites: Phthalate biomarkers It has been shown that dialkylphthalates are metabolized in the body to endocrine-active monoalkyl- phthalates, and appears to be linked with the prevalence of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in men. General information Neat Compounds: Most of the compounds are also available in neat form. Please inquire for an offer. Custom solutions: Please inquire for custom solution of the plasticizers. Please inquire if you have need for others. Other labelled plasticizers are available upon request (deuterium or 13 C). Description of pr. no.: iso- octane (IO), isopropanol (IP), n-hexane (HX), mixture of solvents (MX). Phthalates, adipate and similar plasticizers Phthalates Deuterium labelled phthalates 2478.10-100-IO Dimethyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2892.12-K-IO Diethyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9365.14-100-IO Di-n-propyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9926.16-100-IO n-Butyl-2-methylpropyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2479.16-100-IO Di-n-butyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9925.18-100-IO n-Pentyl-3-methylbutyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2893.18-100-IO Di-n-pentyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2893.18-100-HX Di-n-pentyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2893.18-K-IO Di-n-pentyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 3125.18-100-IO Benzyl-n-butyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9366.20-100-IO Dicyclohexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 9367.20-100-IO Di-n-hexyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2361.24-100-IO Di-n-octyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2361.24-100-IP Di-n-octyl phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 2894.24-K-IO Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4 Monophthalate esters (metabolites) 3805.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,481,333 Fleischer Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,481,333 Fleischer et al. 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 6, 1984 54 THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITIONS 58 Field of Search ................................ 525/192, 199 COMPRISING WINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER, CLPE AND FLUOROPOLYMER 56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 75) Inventors: Dietrich Fleischer, Darmstadt; Eckhard Weber, Liederbach; 3,005,795 10/1961 Busse et al. ......................... 525/199 3,294,871 2/1966 Schmitt et al. ...... 52.5/154 X Johannes Brandrup, Wiesbaden, all 3,299,182 1/1967 Jennings et al. ... ... 525/192 of Fed. Rep. of Germany 3,334,157 8/1967 Larsen ..................... ... 525/99 73 Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Fed. 3,940,456 2/1976 Fey et al. ............................ 525/192 Rep. of Germany Primary Examiner-Carman J. Seccuro (21) Appl. No.: 566,207 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Connolly & Hutz 22 Filed: Dec. 28, 1983 57 ABSTRACT 30 Foreign Application Priority Data The invention relates to a thermoplastic composition which comprises vinyl chloride polymers and chlori Dec. 31, 1982 (DE Fed. Rep. of Germany ....... 3248.731 nated polyethylene and which contains finely divided 51) Int. Cl. ...................... C08L 23/28; C08L 27/06; fluoropolymers and has a markedly improved process C08L 27/18 ability, particularly when shaped by extrusion. 52 U.S. C. .................................... 525/192; 525/199; 525/239 7 Claims, No Drawings 4,481,333 2 iaries and do not provide a solution to the present prob THERMOPLASTC COMPOSITIONS lem. COMPRISINGVINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER,
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers With
    materials Review Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration Joanna Czogała 1,2,3,* , Ewa Pankalla 2 and Roman Turczyn 1,* 1 Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 2 Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe K˛edzierzynS.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 K˛edzierzyn-Ko´zle,Poland; [email protected] 3 Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (R.T.) Abstract: This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhance- ment in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer per- formance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Harm from Phthalates, Avoiding PVC in Hospitals
    Preventing Harm from Phthalates, Avoiding PVC in Hospitals Karolina Ruzickova • Madeleine Cobbing • Mark Rossi • Thomas Belazzi Authors: Karolina Růžičková Madeleine Cobbing Mark Rossi, PhD. Thomas Belazzi, PhD. Acknowledgments: We would like to express our thanks to those who have contributed to the medical devices analysis and the content of the report: Prof. Ing. Bruno Klausbrückner, Vienna Hospital Association, Austria. Patricia Cameron and Friederike Otto, BUND – Friends of the Earth, Germany. Sonja Haider, Women in Europe for Common Future, Germany. Angelina Bartlett, Germany. Dorothee Lebeda, Germany. Aurélie Gauthier, CNIID, France. Lenka Mašková, Arnika, Czech Republic. Lumír Kantor, MD, Faculty Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic. Juan Antonio Ortega García, Children’s Hospital La Fe, Spain. Malgorzata Kowalska, 3R, Poland. Anne Marie Vass, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Åke Wennmalm, MD, PhD, Stockholm County Council, Sweden. Magnus Hedenmark, MSc., Sweden. We are deeply indebted to those have reviewed the report: Ted Schettler MD, MPH, Science and Environmental Health Network, USA. Charlotte Brody, RN and Stacy Malkan, Health Care Without Harm, USA. Sanford Lewis, Attorney, USA. And Dr.Čestmír Hrdinka, Health Care Without Harm, Czech Republic. We would also like to thank to Štěpán Bartošek and Štěpán Mamula for the design and production of the report and Stefan Gara for providing pictures. Preventing Harm from Phthalates, Avoiding PVC in Hospitals Heath Care Without Harm June 2004 Authors: Karolina Růžičková, Madeleine Cobbing, Mark Rossi, PhD., Thomas Belazzi, PhD. © 2004 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 4 From Foetus to Toddler: Exposure to DEHP during a Critical Period of Development ........... 5 The Toxicity of DEHP DEHP Exposure during Specifi c Medical Treatment Therapies Results from Analytical Survey of Phthalates in Medical Products.........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hazardous Substances in Plastic Materials
    TA Hazardous substances in plastic 3017 materials 2013 Prepared by COWI in cooperation with Danish Technological Institute Preface This report is developed within the project of mapping of prioritized hazardous substances in plastic materials. The report presents key information on the most used plastic types and their characteristics and uses, as well as on hazardous substances used in plastics and present on the Norwegian Priority List of hazardous substances (“Prioritetslisten”) and/or the Candidate List under REACH, by August 2012. The aim of the report is to be a brief handbook on plastic types and hazardous substances in plastics providing knowledge on the characteristics and use of different plastic materials and the function, uses, concentration, release patterns, and alternatives of the hazardous substances, allowing the user to use the report as an introduction and overview on the most important hazardous substances in plastics and the plastic types, they primarily are used in. The development of the report has been supervised by a steering committee consisting of: Inger-Grethe England, Klima- og Forurensningsdirektoratet (chairman) Pia Linda Sørensen, Klima- og Forurensningsdirektoratet Erik Hansen, COWI, Denmark Nils H. Nilsson, Danish Technological Institute The report has been prepared by Erik Hansen, COWI-Denmark, Nils H. Nilsson, Danish Technological Institute, Delilah Lithner, COWI-Sweden and Carsten Lassen COWI- Denmark. Vejle, Denmark, 15. January 2013 Erik Hansen, COWI (project manager) 1 Content English Summary and
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity Review of Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP)
    identification, that is, a review of the available toxicity data for the chemical under consideration and a determination of whether the chemical is considered “toxic”. Chronic toxicity data (including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity) are assessed by the CPSC staff using guidelines issued by the Commission (CPSC, 1992). If it is concluded that a substance is “toxic” due to chronic toxicity, then a quantitative assessment of exposure and risk is performed to evaluate whether the chemical may be considered a “hazardous substance”. This memo represents the first step in the risk assessment process; that is, the hazard identification step. * This report was prepared for the Commission pursuant to contract CPSC-D-06-0006. It has not been reviewed or approved by, and may not necessarily reflect the views of, the Commission. Page 2 of 2 FINAL TOXICITY REVIEW FOR DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE (DiBP, CASRN 84-69-5) Contract No. CPSC-D-06-0006 Task Order 012 Prepared by: Versar Inc. 6850 Versar Center Springfield, VA 22151 SRC, Inc. 7502 Round Pond Road North Syracuse, NY 13212 Prepared for: Kent R. Carlson, Ph.D. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 4330 East West Highway Bethesda, MD 20814 July 14, 2011 * This report was prepared for the Commission pursuant to contract CPSC-D-06-0006. It has not been reviewed or approved by, and may not necessarily reflect the views of, the Commission. TABLE OF CONTENTS TOXICITY REVIEW FOR DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]