Table of Contents

Preface...... xiv

Chapter 1 Introduction to Business Valuation...... 1 Sinem Derindere Köseoğlu, Independent Researcher, Saad Salman Awad Almeany, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Chapter 2 International Business Valuation Standards: Accounting Perspective...... 24 Saad Salman Awad Almeant, University of Baghdad, Iraq

Chapter 3 Optimal Capital Structure for Maximizing the Firm Value...... 41 Rumeysa Bilgin, Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey

Chapter 4 Challenges in Valuation by Using Discounted Free Cash Flow Method...... 60 Orhan Goker, Galatasaray University, Turkey Sinem Derindere Köseoğlu, Independent Researcher, Turkey

Chapter 5 Challenges in Estimation of Beta: Market Models Used for Risk Estimation...... 79 Tarana Azimova, Nisantasi University, Turkey

Chapter 6 Estimating the CAPM Beta for Public and Private Firms: Challenges and Solutions...... 99 Luis Javier Sanchez-Barrios, Universidad del Norte, Colombia Benedicto Kulwizira Lukanima, Universidad del Norte, Colombia Natalia Hernandez-Vargas, Universidad del Norte, Colombia Luis Ricardo Almanza Herazo, Universidad del Norte, Colombia

Chapter 7 Valuation of Negative Earning Firms...... 126 Faisal Usmani, Aligarh Muslim University, India Atif Ghayas, Aligarh Muslim University, India Mohd Sarim, Aligarh Muslim University, India   

Chapter 8 Startup Valuation: Theories, Models, and Future...... 137 Murat Akkaya, T.C. , Turkey

Chapter 9 Valuation Challenges in Stranded Asset Scenarios: A Risk Discourse of Evidence From the UK..... 157 Posi Olatubosun, King’s College London, UK Sinem Derindere Köseoğlu, Independent Researcher, Turkey

Chapter 10 Valuation of Banking Sector...... 175 Ahmad Aref Almazari, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Chapter 11 Capital and Liquidity Regulations, Resilience, and Bank Value...... 201 Md. Atiqur Rahman Khan, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Chapter 12 “Designing Optimal Valuation Model of Bank Stocks”: Empirical Evidence for Iran Banking Systems...... 212 Saeed Soltani, University of Bordeaux, France

Chapter 13 Challenges of Stock Prediction...... 234 Walid A. Mohammed, The University of Salford, UK

Chapter 14 The Valuation of a Firm With Alternative Projects...... 253 Cem Berk, Kirklareli University, Turkey Mustafa Dilmen, Infratech Industrial Heating Systems, Turkey

Chapter 15 Valuation of Logistics Hubs: A Case Study From Turkey...... 268 Musa Gün, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Turkey

Compilation of References...... 296

About The Contributors...... 319

Index...... 322