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Città & Storia Direzione Corrispondenti Scientifici DONATELLA CALABI, Università IUAV di Venezia MAURICE AYMARD, EHESS, Paris CARLO M. TRAVAGLINI, Università «Roma Tre» ALFREDO BUCCARO, Università di Napoli Federico II ALDO CASTELLANO, Politecnico di Torino Redazione JEAN-FRANÇOIS CHAUVARD, Université de Strasbourg SALVATORE ADORNO, Università di Catania EVA CHODěJOVSKÁ, Istituto di Storia dell’Accademia delle CLAUDIA CONFORTI, Università di Roma «Tor Vergata» Scienze della Repubblica Ceca FILIPPO DE PIERI, Politecnico di Torino MATTHEW DAVIES, Centre for Metropolitan History, London ALBERTO GROHMANN, Università di Perugia DIRK DE MEYER, Ghent University ALBERTO GUENZI, Università di Parma DAVID H. FRIEDMAN, MIT, Cambridge (Ma) MARCO IULIANO,University of Liverpool, School of Architecture BERNARD GAUTHIEZ, Université Lyon-III «Jean Moulin» AOLA ANARO P L , Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia MAURIZIO GRIBAUDI, EHESS, Paris ETI ELO K L , Università «Roma Tre» ENRICO IACHELLO, Università di Catania BRIGITTE MARIN, Université Aix-Marseille DEREK KEENE, University of London LUCA MOCARELLI, Università di Milano «Bicocca» RENÉE KISTEMAKER, Amsterdam Museum, FRANCESC MUÑOZ, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona HIDENOBU JINNAI, Hosei University, Tokyo MARIA LUISA NERI, Università di Camerino MIGUEL ANGEL LADERO QUESADA, Univ. Complutense, Madrid CARLOS SAMBRICIO, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid DANIELE MANACORDA, Università «Roma Tre» GÁBOR SONKOLY, University of Budapest FERDINAND OPLL, Universität Wien PETER STABEL, University of Antwerp WALTER ROSSA, Universidade de Coimbra DONATELLA STRANGIO, Sapienza Università di Roma ALISON SMITH, Wagner College, New York ROSA TAMBORRINO, Politecnico di Torino ROSEMARY SWEET, Centre for Urban History, Leicester GUIDO ZUCCONI, Università IUAV di Venezia PAUL ZANKER, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa Responsabile segreteria di redazione GIULIA VERTECCHI Editore: Università Roma Tre-CROMA, via Ostiense, 139 | 00154 Roma, tel 06.57334016 | fax 06.57334030 [email protected] | [email protected] | www.croma.uniroma3.it Segreteria di redazione: ANNA ROSA ANGIÒ-GIORGIO FIZZOTTI-SABINA MITTIGA Iscrizione nel Registro degli Operatori di Comunicazione n. 19741 Direttore responsabile: Carlo M. Travaglini Proposte di contributi, manoscritti e pubblicazioni per recensione vanno inviati a Carlo M. Travaglini, CROMA, via Ostiense 139 | 00154 Roma | e-mail: [email protected] | [email protected] Tutte le proposte di pubblicazione di saggi sono valutate secondo il criterio internazionale del blind referee. La rivista è pubblicata dall’UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE-CROMA con l’AssOCIAZIONE ITALIANA DI STORIA URBANA (AISU) Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in: EBSCO DISCOVERY SERVICE; Elsevier/SCOPUS I sommari e gli abstracts di «Città e Storia», sono consultabili sul sito: www.croma.uniroma3.it Abbonamento 2014: Italia euro 60,00; Estero euro 90,00 Gli abbonamenti vanno sottoscritti a «Università Roma Tre-CROMA», via Ostiense, 139 | 00154 Roma tel 06.57334016 | fax 06.57334030 | [email protected] | I versamenti possono essere effettuati sull’ International Bank Account Number (IBAN) IT05T0200805165000400014281 - BIC: UNCRITM1B58 intestato a Università Roma Tre, indicando sempre la causale di versamento. Per l’acquisto di singoli fascicoli rivolgersi a Università Roma Tre-CROMA, ai recapiti sopraindicati. Impaginazione: Anna Rosa Angiò. Elaborazione foto: Andrea Bultrini. © 2014 Università Roma Tre-CROMA I diritti di traduzione, riproduzione e adattamento totale o parziale con qualsiasi mezzo (compresi i microfilm e le copie fotostatiche) sono riservati per tutti i Paesi Autorizzazione del Tribunale di Roma n.503/06 dell’1/8/06. Il fascicolo è stato chiuso in tipografia il 20/06/2014. Stampa presso MACOFIN srl - divisione stampa - via degli Olivi, 35 - 00171 - Roma ISSN 1828-6364 Città & Storia Anno IX, n.1 gennaio-giugno 2014 SOMMARIO/SUMMARY Digital methods for urban history edited by Keti Lelo and Eva Chodějovská K. LELO-E. CHODějOVSKÁ, Introduction...................................................... pag. 3 G. SCAglIONE, History, digital humanities and cartography. The graphic ren- th dering of the Bourbons’ cadastre in the first half of the 19 century........... » 9 F. GEREMIA, Building on our losses: principles and methodologies of virtual res- toration applied to Rome’s historic centre........................................................... » 33 V. BAIOCCHI-K. LELO, Assessing the accuracy of historical maps of cities: methods and problems............................................................................................. » 61 M. BARBARELLA, Digital technologies and geodetic infrastructures in Italian cartography................................................................................................ » 91 R. BRIGANTE-F. RADICIONI, Metric-historical studies for the monitoring of the walls of Amelia............................................................................................ » 111 V. Brůna-J. Pacina-J. Pacina-E. Vajsová, Modeling the extinct landscape and settlement for preservationm of cultural heritage....................................... » 131 Note e discussioni C.M. TRAVAGLINI, Etica e storie. Un ricordo di Roberta Morelli....................... » 155 Schede P. ZANKER, La città romana - (P. Morachiello)............................................... » 159 Informazioni Patrimonio culturale. Sfide attuali e prospettive future. Call for paper................. pag. 165 Food and the city. Call for sessions per il VII Congresso AISU............................. » 169 Abstracts » 171 Riferimenti autori » 175 «Città e Storia», IX, 2014, 1, pp. 3-8 ©2014 Università Roma Tre-CROMA Digital methods for urban history INTRODUCTION T raditionally, there have been two ways how a town is perceived: as a com- munity of people (civitas) or as a human seat having a certain character (urbs). Within urban history, therefore, the research usually follows two branches, one be- ing focused rather on topography and historical cartography, the other being based on social science and demography. They both draw on the development of digital technologies, as witnessed by the growing number of historical studies exploiting new information and communication technologies. Besides database programs, devices that produce digital data, such as cameras and scanners, the interlinking of computers which led to the creation and development of the World Wide Web, and the various opportunities for effective presentation and publication of research results, it is the development of geomatics and digital cartography which is substan- tial in the context of a town as the subject of research. Currently available digital tools such as augmented reality or virtual visualization, provide the historian with the opportunity to convey the research through innovative ways which are able to recreate the sense of places through explicit forms of representation. The branch of digital history, included in so-called digital humanities, has es- tablished itself within historiography. It has proven to be an important field car- ried out in first place by historical demographers and social science historians who work with a large quantity of statistical data and who use quantitative methods. For research into an entity definable in space, be it a townscape or landscape, the branch of spatial humanities lays upon the geographical information systems, as one of the basic methods. Today’s spatial humanities draw on the experience of archaeology, where these methods were, logically, applied quite early, and historical geography as an interdisciplinary branch having a long tradition especially in the 4 KETI LELO - EVA CHODěJOVSKÁ Anglo-Saxon world, namely in Great Britain. Another major pillar is the French «Annales» school of history, which attributed a topic to a place and introduced geo- histoire. The term spatial history, which denotes every piece of research into man’s experience with the social and physical environment, was used for the first time at the end of the 1980s. This issue of the journal «Città & Storia» is on the challenges, which has been introduced in the field of urban history by the advent of digital technologies until present days. The focus is on how specific technologies can influence the meth- ods of integration and analysis of historical data through a range of techniques including new forms of data handling and representation. Generally speaking, digital technologies have influenced all stages of the his- torian’s work: heuristics, data storage and sorting, analysis and presentation of research results. To the first point: digital technologies applied in the area of ar- chival work and library work enable more effective cataloguing and access to the relevant archival funds. Development of equipment, especially scanners, has led to massive digitisation of archival collections and their on-line presentation, and has enabled to create virtual collections which go beyond the boundaries of the institutions (cf. Manuscriptorium, VD 17 or OldMapsOnline and many others). The Map Rank Search (geographical search) tool has become essential for search- ing within such collections. Spatially located raster images, especially old maps, provide deeper knowledge of the history of towns and places. Secondly, databases, software flexibility, its compatibility and standardisation of entries (XML formats which are promoted on the global level in archival work,