DOCSLIB.ORG

Part I: the Life Coolhaes Led

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Part I: the Life Coolhaes Led Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/38762 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Gottschalk, Linda Stuckrath Title: Pleading for diversity : the church Caspar Coolhaes wanted Issue Date: 2016-04-06 Part I: The life Coolhaes led Chapter 1: From silent monk to preacher of reform In this biographical sketch, the research of H. C. Rogge,1 C. P. Burger,2 W. Nijenhuis,3 and others, who have done so much to verify the basics of Coolhaes’ life story, will be used as the foundation, although not unquestioningly. Facts which have come to light since they wrote will be added, some contributed by other secondary writers and some emerging from archival research. Coolhaes’ writings and the writings of others in his time will be mentioned along the way, but in-depth discussions of most of these will come the second part of this book. Caspar Janszoon Coolhaes was born in Cologne on January 24, 1534 or 1536.4 Unfortunately, inquiry at the Cologne city archives gives no definitive birth date, or further information about his father or his father’s occupation, since there existed no birth-registers in sixteenth-century Cologne, and since Coolhaes was a common name in that area.5 His family was apparently Roman Catholic,6 devout, and educated, since Coolhaes testified that 1. Rogge, Caspar Janszoon Coolhaes. 2. Moes and Burger, De Amsterdamsche boekdrukkers. 3. Nijenhuis, “Coolhaes,” BLGNP, 100-102. 4. Most, including de Chalmot, Rogge, Burger, and Molhuysen andBlok say 1536. In this they are following the date in Meursius, Illustrium Hollandiae et West-frisiae ordinum alma academiae Leidensis, 3-5. On the other hand, the argument of the BWPGN for 1534 is that in 1614, when honored by the burgemeesters of Leiden for his service to the city, he was said to be “over 80 years old” which he would have been if he were born in 1534, BWPGN, 172; see also Nav. X, 279-80. Nijenhuis in BLGNP also lists 1534 as Coolhaes’ birth year: Nijenhuis, “Coolhaes, Caspar Janszoon,” 100. 5. Dr. Max Plassmann, Historisches Archiv der Stad Köln, confirms that the question cannot be resolved based on birth registers. He has been kind enough to write, “The finding aids of the City Archives of Cologne contain no hint on Caspar Coolhaes. There are no birth-registers or registers of inhabitants for the sixteenth century, so it is not possible to find traces of him or his family in the sources without further information (where he lived etc.). I also cannot find traces of his father. The name Coolhaes (Kohlhaas etc.) is to be found, but it is a frequent name, so it cannot be proven, that its bearers are relatives to Caspar Coolhaes without further evidence.” E-mail to the author, March 11, 2014. 6. Dr. Josef van Elten, Historisches Archiv des Erzbistums Köln, has kindly let me know that regretfully no baptismal record exists for Coolhaes. He writes, “Unfortunately I have to inform you that church registers on baptism, weddings and mortality had been introduced in our church administration on demand of the Trent Council (1545 to 1563). Then it took some time, about one hundred years, until those registers were established in all churches of our diocese. So, I'm afraid to tell you, there will be no chance of getting a testimony of baptism.” Dr. Josef van Elten, Historisches Archiv des Erzbistums Köln. E-mail to the author, May 11, 2015. 20 he had “from childhood (not to boast) known the Bible, and had seen and read much.”7 It is striking that he was born in Cologne, a city which features in the story of several well-known Spiritualists in the sixteenth century. Caspar Schwenckfeld had been a student at the University of Cologne, before 1510 or 1511.8 Much later, in 1565, Dirck Volkertszoon Coornhert stayed in Cologne and became friends with jurist Aggaeus van Albada, who introduced him to Schwenckfeld’s works, and may have met Hendrik Niclaes there also.9 Surely young Caspar must have received a certain amount of education, since his later life shows him with at least some knowledge of Latin, a wide knowledge of the works of various authors, the ability to write theological prose, poetry, and fiction, and even the breadth of knowledge to understand and write about the chemical principles of distilling, which he would carry on as a successful trade. As will be shown, he had been a schoolmaster, and also lectured at the University of Leiden, albeit very briefly. Some believe that he may have been more or less self-schooled.10 However, it has been more generally thought that he studied in Düsseldorf and perhaps in Cologne,11 a view which will now be examined in light of some context and archival evidence. Coolhaes does not write anything about his education himself. First, it is possible that he studied in Cologne at the cathedral school, or in Düsseldorf at the Hochschule. This study might have been under Johannes Monheim (Monhemius) of Elberfeld (1509-1564). It is a popular idea with scholars that Coolhaes had contact with 7. “... ende van kints beenen aen (sonder roem te spreken) in de heyliger Godlicker Schrifture geoeffent.”Caspar Coolhaes, Een cort, waerachtich verhael van tsorgelicke vyer, der hatelicker, ende van God vervloecter oneenicheyt in religions saken, ontsteecken zijnde in Hollandt anno 1574: door wien het selve ontsteecken ende smoockende gheleghen heeft tot int jaer 1579: door wien, ende wat plaetsen in Hollandt, tselve op gheblasen, dattet brandende gheworden is: Des welcken vlam een weynich gedaelt zijnde, door wien tselve opt nieuwe weder op gheblasen, stercker ende grooter gheworden is, dan het te voren was: des welcken vlam oock metter tijt minerende, nu wederom met veel ende verscheyden, so grooten, als cleynen blaesbalghen, teffens op gheblasen wort om stercker te branden, ten eynde, dat het gheheele landt, door het selve vernielt, ende inden gront soude moghen bedorven worden: door wat mannen tselve vyer by tijts uytgebluscht, ende soo gheheel tot niet soude connen ghedaen worden, dat van tselve gheen coolken meer over blijven, van t’welcke men te besorghen mocht hebben, dat t’eenigher tijt, aen tselve, een nieu vyer soude moghen ontsteecken worden. Tot ghetrouwer waerschouwinghe, ende opwecken van den ghenen, der welcken ampt is, om tselve by tijts te remedieren (Leiden: N.p., 1610), 79. 8. McLaughlin, The Freedom of Spirit, Social Privilege, and Religious Dissent, 70. 9. Hendrik Bonger, Leven en werk van D. V. Coornhert (Amsterdam: G. A. van Oorschot, 1978), 62. 10. This is the view of Van Dooren, De nationale synode te Middelburg, 35. 11. This view is found in many places, including the entry for Coolhaes in the NDB/ADB by Nijenhuis, “Coolhaes (Koolhaes, Coelaas), Caspar Janszoon,” BLGNP, 100, and Kaplan, “Coolhaes,” OER, vol. 1, 423. They are, possibly, using Rogge as their source. 21 Monheim, who admired both Luther and Calvin, as well as Erasmus, and who might have been an influence for humanism and/or Protestantism on the boy. Monheim had finished his M.A. in Cologne in 1530, served as the rector in the seminary in Essen (1532-1536), and then as rector also for the cathedral school in Cologne until 1545. In 1545, he became rector of a new Hochschule in Düsseldorf, which was established by Duke Wilhelm V that same year. Students there were taught Greek, law, catechism and the Bible, and held regular disputations. Monheim also wrote a series of textbooks in 1538-1550, then editions of Erasmus in 1551, and later a catechism, which showed influence of both Luther and Calvin, and which advocated a middle view of the Eucharist between the two.12 This points to a possible evolution of Monheim’s own views. It will be seen that Coolhaes’ own Eucharistic views are hard to fit into either Lutheranism or Calvinism. If Coolhaes studied with Monheim, it would have been in the period between before 1554, and this means that he could have been at the cathedral school in Cologne13 as a very young boy before 1545, and/or at the school in Düsseldorf after that. Did Coolhaes attend one of Monheim’s schools? It is impossible to say for sure, since there is no evidence. The school in Düsseldorf numbered 1,200–2,000 pupils in 1550, but no student lists survive.14 However, Monheim’s eclectic approach to the Reformers does resemble what Coolhaes’ would be in the future. If Monheim’s views were evolving, however, the boy Coolhaes would have been his student at an early stage in that 12. See biographical articles about Johannes Monhein in the NBD/ABD. See also Rogge, Caspar Janszoon Coolhaes, vol. 1, 9-11, about Monheim. Also see Judith Rice Henderson, “Humanism and the Humanities: Erasmus’ Opus de conscribendus epistolis in Sixteenth-Century Schools,” in Carol Poster and Linda C. Mitchell, eds., Letter-Writing Manuals and Instruction from Antiquity to the Present. Historical and Bibliographic Studies (Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press, 2007), 141-77, esp. 156-57, about Monheim’s use of Erasmus in his teaching of writing. Also see: Johannes Monheim, Catechismus, in quo christianae religionis elementa syncere simpliciterque explicantur, ed. Karl Heinrich Sack (Bonnae: Eduardus Weber, 1847); F. Koldewey, “Johannes Monheim und die Kölner Jesuiten,” Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie 42 (1899): 106. 13. In answer to my queries about this, Dr. Stefan Flesch, of the Archiv der Evangelischen Kirche im Rheinland in Düsseldorf, has been kind enough to write: “Unfortunately, there are no records of the students of the [Cologne] cathedral school. So Coolhaes might have studied there – but we cannot prove it.” E-mail to the author, 14 May, 2014.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mega-Structures of the Middle Ages: the Construction of Religious Buildings in Europe and Asia, C.1000-1500
    Mega-Structures of the Middle Ages: The Construction of Religious Buildings in Europe and Asia, c.1000-1500 Maarten Prak Utrecht University [email protected] Abstract: How did medieval builders manage to construct Gothic cathedrals—buildings which are still among the tallest structures in the world—without access to the modern engineering theories? The paper investigates medieval building knowledge and the way it was transferred across the generations. Printed information only seems to have emerged in the course of the 15th century. Construction drawings were limited to details. By implication, the relevant knowledge must have been transferred on a personal basis. Its underlying principles therefore must have been reasonably simple. The paper attempts to demonstrate that a modular design and execution was underpinning much of the construction work on large projects such as European cathedrals. By briefly considering building projects in the Middle East and Asia, it also suggests that this was probably true throughout Eurasia. 1 Introduction In the medieval Latin West1, building must have been among the most important industries, constituting perhaps as much as five percent of the economy. Between 1136—when building started on the new choir for the church of Saint Denis, north of Paris, presumably the first Gothic project—and the middle of the fourteenth century, medieval Europe was in the grip of what amounted to a building boom. Major projects continued to be undertaken in the following centuries. The products of this boom still amaze observers today. In many European towns the cathedral and other medieval churches are among the main tourist sights and keep attracting crowds of visitors who travel long distances to admire them.
    [Show full text]
  • JUNIOR PA MAYFLOWER Society of Mayflower Descendants in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
    JUNIOR PA MAYFLOWER Society of Mayflower Descendants in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania VOL. 10 NO. 2 WWW.SAIL1620.ORG SUMMER 2010 GOVERNOR BRAD- pastor in Leiden, who unfortunately died before he could EXTRA! come to the Colony, held that marriage was not a church FORD MARRIES! service. Gov. Bradford in his history, Of Plymouth Plantation, PLIMOTH COLONY - GOVERNOR BRADFORD TOOK FOR HIS SECOND WIFE in writing about the first marriage (Edward Winslow) ELIZABETH, THE WIDOW SOUTHWORTH. “GREAT CHEER” FOLLOWED. states that it took place according to the custom since ARRIAGE PILGRIM STYLE & THE 1590 of the Low Countries (The Netherlands) where the PILGRIM CHURCH Pilgrims had spent a dozen years after fleeing England. As announced in the main section of this Their magistrates performed the wedding ceremony be- Mnewsletter, the 1627 Plimoth Plantation cause marriage was not a religious matter, but instead a has issued an invitation to the public to attend a re- civil matter. The Pilgrims, who were Christian Separatists, creation of a Pilgrim wedding ceremony this year on the believed that the New Testament contains only two sacra- 14th of August. They have chosen to go back to the year ments that are unique to Christianity: baptism (without 1623 when Governor William Bradford, whose wife making the sign of the cross) and communion. Although Dorothy May had drowned shortly after the arrival of the this was a period of great church music, the only music Mayflower in 1620, married Alice Carpenter, the widow tolerated by the Pilgrims in their church service was the Southworth. She had arrived on the ship Anne earlier that singing of psalms.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Organs of Belgium May 15-26, 2018 12 Days with J
    historic organs of BELGIUM May 15-26, 2018 12 Days with J. Michael Barone www.americanpublicmedia.org www.pipedreams.org National broadcasts of Pipedreams are made possible with funding from Mr. & Mrs. Wesley C. Dudley, grants from Walter McCarthy, Clara Ueland, and the Greystone Foundation, the Art and Martha Kaemmer Fund of the HRK Foundation, and Jan Kirchner on behalf of her family foun- dation, by the contributions of listeners to American Public Media stations nationwide, and by the thirty member organizations of the Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America, APOBA, represent- ing the designers and creators of pipe organs heard throughout the country and around the world, with information at www.apoba.com. See and hear Pipedreams on the Internet 24-7 at www.pipedreams.org. A complete booklet pdf with the tour itinerary can be accessed online at www.pipedreams.org/tour Table of Contents Welcome Letter Page 2 Bios of Hosts and Organists Page 3-6 A History of Organs in Belgium Page 7-12 Alphabetical List of Organ Builders Page 13-17 Organ Observations Page 18-21 Tour Itinerary Page 22-25 Playing the Organs Page 26 Organ Sites Page 27-124 Rooming List Page 125 Traveler Profiles Page 126-139 Hotel List Page 130-131 Map Inside Back Cover Thanks to the following people for their valuable assistance in creating this tour: Rachel Perfecto and Paul De Maeyer Valerie Bartl, Cynthia Jorgenson, Kristin Sullivan, Janet Tollund, and Tom Witt of Accolades International Tours for the Arts in Minneapolis. In addition to site specific websites, we gratefully acknowledge the following source for this booklet: http://www.orgbase.nl PAGE 22 HISTORICALORGANTOUR OBSERVATIONS DISCOGRAPHYBACKGROUNDWELCOME ITINERARYHOSTS Welcome Letter from Michael..
    [Show full text]
  • Patron Saint of a World in Crisis: Early Modern Representations of St
    PATRON SAINT OF A WORLD IN CRISIS: EARLY MODERN REPRESENTATIONS OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER IN EUROPE AND ASIA by Rachel Miller BA, Kenyon College, 2005 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2010 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Rachel Miller It was defended on March 28, 2016 and approved by Christopher J. Nygren, Assistant Professor, History of Art and Architecture Mrinalini Rajagopalan, Assistant Professor, History of Art and Architecture Patrick Manning, Professor, History Dissertation Advisor: Kirk Savage, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Dissertation Advisor: Ann Sutherland Harris, Professor Emerita, History of Art and Architecture ii Copyright © by Rachel Miller 2016 iii PATRON SAINT OF A WORLD IN CRISIS: EARLY MODERN REPRESENTATIONS OF ST. FRANCIS XAVIER IN EUROPE AND ASIA Rachel Miller, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 Recent historical studies have focused on the vital role that Catholic saints played after the Council of Trent, investigating how these holy figures were utilized to alleviate all manner of problems besetting the Post-Tridentine Church, emerging European nation states, and individual Catholics. My dissertation, however, approaches this issue from an art historical perspective, considering how images of St. Francis Xavier, the sixteenth-century Jesuit missionary, exercised considerable agency in an early modern world rife with global crisis. Specifically, I investigate Xaverian prints and paintings created in border zones of early modern Catholicism or in territories of the Iberian empires, particularly Antwerp, Goa, and Naples.
    [Show full text]
  • FLORIDA PILGRIM Newsletter of the Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Florida
    THE FLORIDA PILGRIM Newsletter of the Society of Mayflower Descendants in the State of Florida The Mayflower by Dr. Jeremy Dupertuis Bangs Director, Leiden American Pilgrim Museum, Leiden, Netherlands Chartered 31 July 1937 Copyright © 2011 –2012 J. D. Bangs. All rights reserved. Used with written permission of Dr. Bangs. 75th Anniversary 31 July 2012 Vol. 37, No. 1, Spring 2012 Richard S. Wheeler, Editor GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE Educate — Communicate — Participate! Many of us have heard, some of us know and some of us have repeated the words of Governor William Bradford who wrote in his journal, “… as one small candle may light a thousand, so the light here kindled hath shone unto many …” words written years after the founding of Plym- outh colony, words he wrote in a family journal to pass on to his descendants. FSMD Governor Reynolds P. Cushing We should remember the unsinkable faith of our ancestors, many of them scholars who became Planters … planting the first seeds of democracy IN THIS ISSUE in the New World. Governor’s Message 1 May the Pilgrims’ candle not be forgotten and its New Members, Supplementals 2 light be reflected in our Florida Society. May Reinstatements, Transfers In & Out 3 their light continue to shine through our members. In Memoriam 3 Board of Assistants Meeting 3 & 14 75th Anniversary Commemorative Coin 4 Ren Cushing Colony News 5-14 605 Via Tunis Drive Punta Gorda, FL 33950-6620 Leiden Plaque Dedication 15 (941) 505-8408 75th Annual Meeting Registration 16 [email protected] 75th Annual Meeting Information 17-19 BOA Acts to “Save A Tree” 20 1 <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> NEW MEMBERS Name Location General/FL # Ancestor Colony Janet Siegel Rogers Delray Bch 83387/4752 Francis Cooke Allerton [Editor’s Note: pg 4 of the Winter 2011-2012 issue misspelled this member’s middle name and gave an incorrect ancestor.
    [Show full text]
  • SEPTEMBER, 2011 Golden Hall of the Music Society Vienna, Austria
    THE DIAPASON SEPTEMBER, 2011 Golden Hall of the Music Society Vienna, Austria Cover feature on pages 30–32 Sept 2011 Cover.indd 1 8/10/11 8:57:27 AM Due Solisti Peter Fletcher “Elegant chamber music at its best.” “Gracious virtuosity” (The American Organist) (Fanfare) CONCERTARTISTS.COM Į$WHUULŎFRUJDQLVWį “Gloriously passionate ” (Chicago Tribune) (The Morning Call, Allentown PA) Isabelle Demers HOULI Sept 2011 pp. 2-19.indd 2 8/10/11 8:59:53 AM THE DIAPASON Letters to the Editor A Scranton Gillette Publication One Hundred Second Year: No. 9, Whole No. 1222 SEPTEMBER, 2011 St. Thomas Church Fifth Avenue fi re, brilliance, and clang characteris- Established in 1909 ISSN 0012-2378 John Bishop’s column is always ex- tic of the best Aeolian-Skinner organs. An International Monthly Devoted to the Organ, cellent, particularly the recent one on In that Ralph Adams Cram’s landmark the Harpsichord, Carillon, and Church Music his visit to St. Thomas Church in New building was a remarkable American re- York (“In the wind . .” The Diapason, invention of French Gothic architecture, June 2011, pp. 10, 12–13). But unlike Harrison’s landmark organ dramatically Mr. Bishop, I sincerely hope they do matched with a remarkable American CONTENTS Editor & Publisher JEROME BUTERA [email protected] not fi nd funding to replace this organ. re-invention of three centuries of French 847/391-1045 I have attended this church all of my organbuilding. This is our legacy. FEATURES adult life, have performed on this organ, Has anyone proposing a second facing On an unknown prelude and fugue by Associate Editor JOYCE ROBINSON and have heard it frequently.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin
    The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America THE BULLETIN CUMULATIVE INDEX Volumes 45 – 65 1996 – 2016 J. Samuel Hammond Duke University I Contents General Index 1 Index of Stationary Carillons 143 Corrigenda 152 Presidents of the GCNA 159 Locations of GCNA Congresses 160 _________________________________ Copyright ©2016 by The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America Editor: John Bordley, 735 University Ave., Sewanee, Tennessee 37383–1000, U.S.A. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the editor and do not necessarily have the endorsement of The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America. This index will appear as a pdf file in the members’ section of the Guild’s website: www.gcna.org Printed in December 2016 by Print Services, The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, U.S.A. ii This index includes persons, places, instruments, texts, musical works, and images mentioned or appearing in volumes 45–65 (1996–2016) of The Bulletin of The Guild of Carillonneurs in North America. Excluded are: Congress group photographs and their legends, Unidentified persons in other group photographs, Individual entries in comprehensive works lists, Lists of honorary members, appearing in each volume, The entirety of vol. 54 (2005), Dr. André Lehr’s Campanology Textbook, which has its own index, and Personal advertisements. Under personal names, textual works are listed separately, before musical works. Educational institutions and libraries with distinctive names (e.g. California, University of; Library of Congress; Yale University) are entered under those names; others, as well as buildings (e.g. churches, towers) are under their locations. ––––––––––– Bold numerals (49) indicate volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Soule Kindred Newsletter, Vol. 46, No. 4
    QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER Soule Kindred Newsletter Library of Congress: C371, Vol. XXXXVI, No. 4 Fall 2012 Wallonia, Leiden, Plymouth: Preserving Soule Heritage The Soule Connection for Future Generations by Marcy Kelly Brubaker hile historically it was believed that Mayflower In This Issue: passengers were English, more recent research shows W that many of the original Colonists in Plymouth, What Pilgrims’ Feast Manhattan and the Hudson Valley were Walloons or French Protestants who came from a region in southern Belgium now Would Cost Today called Wallonia. Traditionally they spoke French and a Walloon p. 4 dialect, now in decline. In the sixteenth century, the Reformation, a call for religious and political freedoms, reached France and was quickly adopted by !! many of the nobility, professional classes and tradespeople. These protestors or ‘reformers’ believed that faith, not pious acts, prayers or masses, could secure the grace of God, and that salvation did not rely on the intercession of the church hierarchy. This put them in direct conflict with the Catholic Church and the King of France. In 1536 a General Edict encouraged the extermination of French Protestants, also called Huguenots. Over the ensuing years, thousands of Huguenots were massacred and many, including Belgians, fled to Germany, England, and the Netherlands. One of the notable contributions of the Walloons who came to Holland was the revival of the cloth industry and the introduction of new weaving techniques. In 1584, about three hundred Walloons established a French Reformed congregation in Leiden, Holland, and were granted use of the medieval Church of Our Lady, or, in Dutch, the Vrouwekerk.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Gardner Von Teuffel Carmelite Altarpiece.Indd
    THE CARMELITE ALTARPIECE (CIRCA 1290–1550) THE SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF AN ORDER Christa Gardner von Teuffel Introduction and I am acutely aware that this initial attempt at defini- The altarpiece is one of the most essential means tion or identification contains much that is hypothetical of the self-representation and self-definition of any or sparsely documented. religious order. The Carmelites, who arrived in West- How should a Carmelite altarpiece be recognised, ____ ern Europe after the establishment of the Franciscans, if provenance from a Carmelite church alone is insuf- 1 Sassetta, Miracle of the Eucharist Dominicans and Augustinians, with whom they had to ficient? Sassetta’s (Fig. 1), a predel- (detail of the Arte della Lana altarpiece Miracle of the Eucharist from Siena). County Durham, Barnard compete, were soon confronted by this challenge. Even la-scene from the triptych commissioned by the Sienese Castle, The Bowes Museum in the case of an order as open to visual expression as wool guild ca. 1423, depicts just such a church interior that of the Franciscans, the identification of a ‘Fran- officiated by Carmelites.1 Do the two prophets Elijah ciscan’ altarpiece is problematic, and the same is also and Elisha from the triptych’s pinnacles demonstrate true for the Dominicans and Augustinians. The very Carmelite involvement? Contemporaneously, according existence of what might properly be termed a Carmel- to the documents, Masaccio, who was advised by the ite altarpiece remains to be established. Thus, I have resident prior, emphasized the location of Ser Giuliano begun by assessing the visual evidence, asking what, if di Colino’s polyptych in the Pisan Carmine by inserting anything, is specifically Carmelite.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 9: the International Reception of Germanic Spire Building
    The International Reception of Germanic Spire Building 1 2 Great Spires: Skyscrapers of the New Jerusalem 306 Great Spires: Skyscrapers of the New Jerusalem PART IV: INTERNATIONALISM AND REGIONALISM IN LATE GOTHIC SPIRE DESIGN Chapter 9: The International Reception of Germanic Spire Building The construction of elaborate stone spires in the German Empire provoked a variety of competitive responses throughout Europe. Generally great spires of the type discussed in this book had their greatest impact in areas where the Rayonnant style had made significant inroads. Thus England and Italy remained largely uninfluenced by the great spires of Germany, while France witnessed a full-blown rebirth of spire design after the Hundred Years War, in what should perhaps be seen as a nativist reaction to the German achievement. In Spain, Germanic prototypes were copied at the Castilian cathedrals of Burgos, Toledo, and León, the same three buildings that had been most influenced by French Gothic in the thirteenth century. Although spires never achieved widespread popularity in Spain, these projects provide valuable insight into the transmission and assimilation of architectural knowledge in the Middle Ages. In Brabant, meanwhile, great towers and spires achieved a relative prominence even greater than they had in Germany. Brabant In the middle of the fifteenth century, the duchy of Brabant began to emerge as a major power in Late Gothic architecture, thanks largely to tower projects such as those of Mechelen and Antwerp. In conception, these towers drew on influences from the great spires of Germany and from a vigorous tradition of civic belfry construction indigenous to the Low Countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Jeffrey Chipps Smith
    JEFFREY CHIPPS SMITH Kay Fortson Chair in European Art and Professor of Art History Department of Art and Art History The University of Texas 2301 San Jacinto Blvd., Stop D1300 Austin, Texas 78712-1421 (512)-232-2609 1. Personal Information Married to Sandra Ambrose Smith. We have three children – Spencer, Abby, and Harlan. 2. Education Undergraduate: Duke University, Durham, N.C. B.A. 1973 Cum Laude with Special Honors in Art History Graduate: Columbia University, New York City M.A. 1975 M.Phil.1977 Ph.D. 1979 Dissertation Topic: "The Artistic Patronage of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy (1419-1467)" 3. Academic Awards 1974-1975 Samuel H. Kress Foundation Fellow, Columbia University 1975-1976 President's Fellow, Columbia University 1976-1977 Chester Dale Fellow, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. 4. Employment 1977-1978 Preceptor, Columbia University Fall 1978 Visiting Assistant Professor, University of Pittsburgh 1979-present Assistant Professor to Professor (1992), The University of Texas at Austin. Ruth Head Centennial Professor in Fine Arts, 1998-2000. Kay Fortson Chair in European Art, 2000-present Assistant Chair for Art History, 1999-2001 Specialization: The art of Northern Europe from 1400 until 1700 with a particular focus upon Netherlandish art of the fifteenth century and German art of the fifteenth through and early seventeenth centuries. 2 5. Museum Experience I have been a guest curator of three exhibitions, Seventeenth-Century Dutch Landscape Drawings (1982), Nuremberg, A Renaissance City, 1500-1618 (1983), and Netherlandish Art from the Permanent Collection (1984), at The Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery of The University of Texas.
    [Show full text]
  • Hands Clasped, Holding a Book Representation of the Sitter(S)
    Catalogue dlvii Type of person(s): lay (family) Attitude of the sitter(s): hands clasped, holding a book Representation of the sitter(s): full-length Gaze of the sitter(s): into space Object(s): yes (prie-dieu, book, sword) Coat(s) of arms: yes Environment: landscape, no sacred connotation Structuring of the pictorial space: distinct spaces (different techniques: painting/sculpture) Patron saint(s): John the Baptist, Lawrence, George, Michael Gesture of the patron saint(s): introducing, holding his/her attribute Type of religious scene: narrative Religious scene(s) depicted: scenes of the Passion, the Annunciation, St. Anne, St. Catherine, St. Margaret, St. Martin Cat. 681—Type 3B [Link to the Friedländer 3.0 Database] VAN DER WEYDEN, Rogier (follower of) Epitaph of Johanna van Horne and her Family (shortly after 1461) 87 × 94 cm Berlin, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gemäldegalerie (destroyed in 1945) Bibl.: FRIEDLÄNDER II, no. 121c; GEURTS 1968, 109; DE VOS 1999, 358. Historical information: The coats of arms and the inscription on the frame identify the sitters as Jacob I van Horne (1420–1488), Johanna van Meurs († 1461) and their children. They belonged to the high nobility of Holland. Jacob was Lord of Horne and Count of Horne from 1450 onwards. The couple is depicted with eight children, but only seven of them are known: Willem (1449–1453), Jacob II, Count of Horne (c. 1450–1502), Jan (1458–1505), Bishop of Liège from 1482 onwards, Maria, Margaretha (1461–1518), Frederik († 1487) and Walburga. Horne was a little city in Limbourg. According to Geurts, the castle depicted in the background on the left is the castle of Horne, and the one on the right is the castle of Weert.
    [Show full text]