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Pdfjoiner.Pdf Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije Zbornik radova sa naučne konferencije Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije Beograd 02. 07. 2020. Izdavači: Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka Centar za demokratiju Hanns Seidel Stiftung Beograd Za izdavača: Prof. dr Dragan R. Simić Dr Klaus Fiesinger Urednici: Prof. dr Slaviša Orlović, Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka Asist. dr Despot Kovačević, Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka Recenzenti: Prof. dr Ratko Božović, Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka Prof. dr Jovica Trkulja, Univerzitet u Beogradu Pravni fakultet Prof. dr Slobodan G. Marković, Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka Programski odbor naučne konferencije: Prof. dr Vukašin Pavlović, predsednik, prof. dr Ratko Božović, prof. dr Vladimir Goati, prof. dr Goran Bašić, prof. dr Zoran Stojiljković, Dr Klaus Fiesinger, prof. dr Slaviša Orlović Organizacioni odbor naučne konferencije: Prof. dr Slaviša Orlović, predsednik, Dagmar Konstantinović, prof. dr Dušan Spaso- jević, Jelena Đurović, doc. dr Jelena Lončar, asist. dr Despot Kovačević ISBN 978–86–6425–069–6 Tiraž: 300 Dizajn korica: Zoran Miodrag Lektura i korektura: Olivera Veličković Prelom: Olivera Tešanović Štampa: Čigoja štampa, Beograd Projekat je finansiran od strane Ministarstva spoljnih poslova Savezne Republike Ne- mačke na osnovu Odluke Bundestaga i sproveden uz podršku Predstavništva Hanns Seidel fondacije za Srbiju i za Crnu Goru. Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka Centar za demokratiju Hanns Seidel Stiftung Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije Zbornik radova sa naučne konferencije Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije Beograd 02. 07. 2020. Urednici Slaviša Orlović Despot Kovačević Beograd, 2020. © Univerzitet u Beogradu Fakultet političkih nauka, 2020 Sadržaj Slaviša Orlović Uvodna reč. 7 Prof. dr Vladimir Goati Tri decenije višepartizma – nezavršeni proces. 9 Prof. dr Vukašin Pavlović Uspon i pad političkog pluralizma u Srbiji. 25 Prof. dr Slaviša Orlović Političke institucije i partijski sistem Srbije. 41 Prof. dr Milan Jovanović Doc. dr Dušan Vučićević Dinamika političkog organizovanja u Srbiji od obnove partijskog pluralizma: izborni avanturisti u stilu „pečuraka pre kiše”. 71 Prof. dr Zoran Stojiljković Volja građana i njeni interesni i politički zastupnici. 99 Prof. dr Jovan Komšić Političke partije i „zatvorenikova dilema”. 115 Prof. dr Irena Pejić Političke partije u Narodnoj skupštini od uspostavljanja višepartizma 1990. godine. 133 Prof. dr Marijana Pajvančić Neformalni oblici delovanja u parlamentu. 157 Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije Prof. dr Miloš Bešić Vrednosne orijentacije i partijske preferencije u Srbiji. 175 Prof. dr Siniša Atlagić Vrednosni okvir izborne komunikacije i uloga medija u promociji dominantnih vrednosti u izbornim kampanjama u Srbiji od 1990. do 2020. godine. 197 Prof. dr Dušan Pavlović Klijentelizam i institucionalizacija stranačkog sistema u Srbiji 1990–2020.. 209 Doc. dr Jelena Lončar Učešće nepartijskih organizacija i grupa na izborima u Srbiji. 221 Prof. dr Dušan Spasojević Društveni rascepi i partijski sistem Srbije. 241 Asist. dr Despot Kovačević Unutarpartijska demokratija u Srbiji – 30 godina nedemokratskih odnosa u političkim partijama. 257 Ma Jasmin Hodžić Političke partije nacionalnih manjina u Srbiji 1990–2020.. 281 Mr Srećko Mihailović Srbija okačena na klatno prelomnih godina: 1988, 2000, 2012, 202(?). 303 Selektivna bibliografija o političkim partijama i partijskim sistemima u Srbiji. 321 Uvodna reč Nakon pedesetak godina monopola jedne partije (Saveza komunista – Komunistič- ke partije Srbije), krajem osamdesetih godina dvadesetog veka dolazi do postepene pluralizacije društva u Srbiji i zahteva za obnavljanjem višepartizma. Najpre se ja- vljaju pokreti za zaštitu ljudskih prava, civilno-društvene inicijative i nevladine or- ganizacije. Konačno, 1990. godine formalno se obnavlja višepartijski sistem u Sr- biji. Za jednu mladu demokratiju određene teme i problemi nisu imali adekvatnu teorijsku i akademsku artikulaciju. Može se zapaziti da je veoma mali broj autora pisao o političkim partijama. U pokušajima pluralizacije unutar Saveza komunista Milovan Đilas je 1957. godine objavio knjigu Nova klasa, koja je u svetu prodata u 50.000.000 primeraka. Vojislav Koštunica i Kosta Čavoški su 1983. godine objavili knjigu Stranački pluralizam i monizam (prevedena je i na engleski jezik), u kojoj se bave ukidanjem pluralizma. Radomir Lukić je 1966. godine objavio knjigu Političke stranke. Verovatno prvu potpuniju i kompletniju knjigu o političkim partijama u Srbiji objavio je Vladimir Goati 1984. godine, Savremene političke partije. To je plu- ralistička knjiga pisana u vreme monizma, monopola i monologa. Fakultet politič- kih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu, kao najstariji u regionu, utemeljio je disciplinu Partije i partijski sistemi. Svoje doktorate iz ove oblasti odbranili su Zoran Stojilj- ković, Slaviša Orlović i Despot Kovačević. U prethodnih trideset godina u Srbiji je održan veliki broj domaćih i međunarodnih naučnih skupova i konferencija na ovu temu. Objavljen je impresivan broj autorskih knjiga, zbornika radova i teksto- va u domaćim i međunarodnim časopisima. Na dvadesetogodišnjicu obnovljenog višepartizma priredili smo zbornik Partije i izbori u Srbiji, dvadeset godina (2011). Knjiga koja je pred vama jeste pokušaj da se predstavi stanje discipline, ostavi trag i da mali omaž svim autorima koji su utemeljili i razvijali ovu oblast političkih nauka, uključujući i one koji se bave graničnim temama kao što su izbori i izborni siste- mi, politički marketing i izborne kampanje i parlamentarizam. Sa tom namerom na kraju knjige data je selektivna bibliografija knjiga, zbornika radova i tekstova u časopisima o ovim temama. Knjiga je rezultat konferencije „Trideset godina obno- vljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije”, održane 02. 07. 2020. godine na Fakultetu političkih nauka u Beogradu, u organizaciji Centra za demokratiju Fakul- teta političkih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu i Fondacije Hanns Seide Stiftung. Slaviša Orlović UdK 324:342.8(497.11) Prof. dr vladimir Goati* Fakultet političkih nauka Univerzitet Crne Gore Tri decenije višepartizma – nezavršeni proces Sažetak: Prve političke partije u SFR Jugoslaviji, ne računajući one koje su de- lovale do 1941. godine, obrazovane su krajem osamdesetih godina XX stoleća. U tom razdoblju mnogi autori u Srbiji tvrdili su da partije nisu ključne institu- cije predstavničke demokratije nego promenljiva tvorevina i da ih je moguće zameniti nekim drugim organizacijama poput pokreta, saveza, udruženja i dr. Međutim, politička praksa nije se osvrtala na to i, pored dominantnog Saveza komunista Jugoslavije, nastalo je u kratkom roku više desetina partija u repu- blikama SFRJ do raspada Jugoslavije 1991. U Srbiji su nastale, između ostalog, 1989. godine Demokratska stranka i Srpski pokret obnove. Srpska radikalna stranka (SRS) nastala je 1991. godine, a ranije dominantni SKJ transformisao se u Socijalističku partiju Srbije (SPS). Relevantne partije na prvim izborima nisu dugo opstale a od napred pomenutih partija, koje su prve nastale, danas su relevantne samo SPS i onaj deo SRS koji se odvojio od svoje matice i osno- vao Srpsku naprednu stranku. Ključne reči: političke partije, partijski sistem, promene 1. Borba za višepartizam U „drugoj Jugoslaviji” krajem osamdesetih godina apsolutno dominantan po- litički subjekt bio je Savez komunista Jugoslavije (SKJ), sa ekstremno visokim * E-mail: [email protected] 10 Trideset godina obnovljenog višepartizma u Srbiji – (ne)naučene lekcije nivoom samostalnosti svojih šest republičkih organizacija. U kratkom razdoblju od sredine 1988. do sredine 1989. došlo je u tom pogledu do dramatične prome- ne, jer je vladajući režim dozvolio obrazovanje novih političkih partija. Posle toga, vladajući SKJ postao je formalno (ne i stvarno) ravnopravan sa drugim novou- spostavljenim partijama. U razbijanju tvrde jednopartijske ljušture u Jugoslaviji naročito velikog uticaja imali su procesi i zbivanja u Sloveniji. Ova najsevernija i ekonomski najrazvijenija republika SFRJ bila je pod snažnim uplivom nezadrži- vog urušavanja jednopartijskih sistema u Čehoslovačkoj i Mađarskoj, uz koje su istovremeno nastajale pluralističke institucije. Novoformirane političke organizacije nisu dobijale naziv „partije” zbog stra- ha od osude vlasti koja je u nekim republikama SFRJ, prvenstveno Srbiji, sve do sredine 1990. oficijelno zastupala tezu o SKJ kao jedinoj oganizaciji žili kucavici vladajućeg poretka „samoupravnog socijalizma”. Rukovodstvo Srbije pokušalo je da predupredi pluralistički preokret orga- nizovanjem navodno slobodnih „delegatskih izbora” krajem 1987. u kojima su svi poslanički kandidati prošli kroz gusto „kadrovsko sito” Socijalističkog save- za radnog naroda Jugoslavije (SSRNJ), organizacije koja je bila puka ekspozitura vladajućeg SKJ. Atmosfera za delovaje novoformiranih političkih partija u SFRJ, pa time i u Srbiji, postaje neuporedivo povoljnija kada je, najpre u Sloveniji, potom u i Hr- vatskoj, dozvoljeno uspostavljanje i delovanje političkih partija. Vlast u Srbiji je na to nevoljno pristala, što se vidi po tome što su, istovremeno sa pristankom na obrazovanje političkih partija, u pisanim i elektronskim medijima
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