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Contested Texts: Storm Over Korea's West Sea 紛争の海域 紛争のテクスト−−朝鮮西海上の嵐

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Contested Texts: Storm Over Korea's West Sea 紛争の海域 紛争のテクスト−−朝鮮西海上の嵐 Volume 9 | Issue 8 | Number 5 | Article ID 3492 | Feb 21, 2011 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Contested Waters - Contested Texts: Storm over Korea's West Sea 紛争の海域 紛争のテクスト−−朝鮮西海上の嵐 Gavan McCormack Contested Waters - Contested Texts: That translation was posted on the night of Storm over Korea’s West Sea Sunday 6 February, asfound here and announced the following day in the Newsletter Gavan McCormack to subscribers. Almost immediately, however, the Asia-Pacific Journal received word that the The Asia Pacific Journal’s Phantom Text author wanted publication to be stayed, and we reluctantly obliged. Many readers were puzzled This is the story of a text, which was briefly to receive advice of publication of a text, only posted at The Asia Pacific Journal on 6 to find, rather than a text, an empty page. We February, and almost immediately (within hoped the withdrawal of permission would be hours) withdrawn. The author was Kim Man- temporary, and sought author Kim’s bok, who from November 2006 to January 2008 understanding to renew the permission he had was Director of the South Korean National initially granted, but having no response we are Intelligence Service (Korean CIA) under the unable to publish the article as it originally Government of President Roh Moo-hyun. His appeared. However, given wide public interest text was entitled “Let Us Turn Korea’s West both in the matters discussed in the article and Sea (the Sea of Dispute) into a Sea of Peace in its aftermath (discussed below), and since and Prosperity.” The Asia-Pacific Journal is not the main text is already widely circulating in noted for publishing articles by present or Korean and in Japanese, we therefore provide former national intelligence chiefs, and so both below a resume, with some extensive quotes. the posting and then the withdrawal of this text were almost equally unusual. The reasons for the author’s withdrawal of consent to publish gradually became clear. Just The text began as a chapter in a book published days after the Sekai translation was published, by the Korean Peace Forum in Seoul in October the major Seoul dailyChosun ilbo on 13 2010, and entitled (as translated) “Again, January published a fierce attack on Kim.2 Inter Querying the Path of the Korean Peninsula.” alia, it accused him of suggesting the That Korean text was translated into Japanese November South-North artillery battle on and and published, together with a short postscript around Yeonpyeong Island might have been the added after the South-North clashes and the consequence of South Korea, under Lee bombardment of Yeonpyeong Island inMyung-bak, abandoning the dialogue policy of November, in the February 2011 issue of the the previous government; of referring to the monthly Sekai (published earlyoutcome of the battle by the “humiliating” January).1 Through the good offices of the Sekai expression “South Korea’s defeat;” of offering editor, the Asia-Pacific Journal in January 2011 some justification for the North’s artillery sought permission to translate and publish an attack (its warnings were ignored); and of English version. Author Kim consented, asked rejecting the outcome of the South Korean for several minor revisions, and the translation government’s report on the March incident of proceeded. the sinking of the naval corvette, the Cheonan. 1 9 | 8 | 5 APJ | JF It also accused Kim of publishing details of democracy and peace in the peninsula. matters known only to him in his capacity as head of the National Intelligence Service, Sekai editor Okamoto Atsushi commented on notably hitherto unknown details of exchanges that journal’s homepage (31 January) that it with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il that seemed odd that the Korean prosecutors should occurred late in 2007. pay attention to things published in a Japanese journal, but apparently not to the same views In the face of increasing pressure, the Korean (including the account of the 2007 Summit) Intelligence Service formally accused him on that had been published months earlier in January 26 of violating its regulations by Korean.4 He pointed out that the Sekai article revealing secrets that he had acquired during contained a short “postscript,” in which Kim his tenure at the agency. Following thedoes indeed criticize the Lee Myung-bak accusation, the prosecutor's office opened an government’s response to the various official investigation. peninsular crises culminating in the Yeonpyeong Island artillery exchange, but the In a follow-up article on 30 January Chosun ilbo only fresh material he introduces there is a widened the attack to the Japanese journal that brief introduction of some recent Wiki-leaks 3 carried Kim’s text. Sekai, published by revelations on Korea (which he states he Iwanami, has a long and controversial record of learned “from the media”). To Okamoto, the comment on Korean affairs. Its campaigns charges seemed to signify “oppression of views against the then Seoul dictatorship and against critical of the Lee Myung-bak government’s the oppression, torture and denial of human policies.” He added that “South Korea since its rights to democratic dissenters, especially democratization has earned the profound during the era of President Park Chung-hee in respect of democratic countries for the free and the 1960s and 1970s, earned it a ban in South vigorous expression of opinion. It would be a Korea that helped raise its reputation among matter of deep concern if it were now to revert dissenters in South Korea as well as in Japan. to military government style practices under Its commentary on North Korea was equally which once again the state intimidated and controversial, and Sekai was was one of the few oppressed opinion…” places where North Korean leader Kim Il Sung occasionally appeared, interviewed by the Whatever its eventual outcome, the affair journal’s editor. Korean conservatives cannot exposed the deep split in the Korean forgive Sekai for the stances it then took and establishment over North Korea policy between Chosun ilbo therefore raises again old those associated with the former, “Sunshine” accusations of disseminating demagogic and (or engagement)-oriented governments of Kim false material. Referring to Sekai (today) as Dae-jung and Roh Moo-Hyun and the current being “pro-North anti-South” and tantamount (from 2008) government of Lee Myung-bak. It to a “North Korean propaganda organ,” it focused attention on the sharp contrast in the reserved its most savage attack for “the anti- West Sea between the agreements in principle South Korean intellectuals such as [Tokyo reached in 2007 by the Roh government and University emeritus professor and regular the confrontationist policies pursued by the Sekai contributor] Wada Haruki as “traitors.” present government under which the artillery Conservatives in Seoul may also have been barrages of 2010 occurred and full-scale war outraged that Wada, had just been feted in was narrowly avoided. The extension of the Seoul as recipient of the 2010 “Kim Dae-jung attack from Kim Man-bok himself to an eminent Prize,” awarded by Chonnam NationalJapanese journal also pointed towards a revival University for contributions to Koreanof the Japan-Korea “culture wars” of the 1970s. 2 9 | 8 | 5 APJ | JF With Kim Man-bok standing at the centre of forces, unilaterally drew on the map on August this furore, it becomes a “Kim Man-bok affair,” 30, 1953. It has been known since then either whose outcome at time of writing (mid- as the “Clark Line”, or the “Northern Limit Line February 2011) is far from clear. (NLL).” He chose a mid-point between the five West Sea islands of Baengnyeong, Daecheong, In the febrile atmosphere of today’s Seoul, it Seocheong, Yeonpyeong, and U, then under was not surprising that author Kim should feel South Korean control, and the North Korean reluctant to do anything that might bring down coast. The line he drew had no international more fire on his head. The charges and the legal status and was distinct from the Armistice investigation proceed. While Kim has been agreement of July. The arrangements were charged but not yet indicted, his offending text provisional, pending formal negotiations to circulates in Korean and in Japanese. Sooner or draw up a peace treaty. Those negotiations later it will be in English too, but for the have yet to take place. moment all we can do is quote liberally from our translation of the Japanese and draw Up until 1973, North Korea crossed the NLL attention to the Korean and Japanese versions. from time to time, but made no particular issue It is up to readers to figure out what it might be of it. Thereafter, however, it contested it that has outraged important sections of the increasingly openly, especially during the South Korean national media and then stirred fishing season in May and June when the crabs the prosecutors into action. in these seas are especially abundant. However, according to Kim, in the Inter-Korean Kim Man-bok’s Text – To Transform the Basic Agreement of 1992, North Korea agreed West Sea to treat the NLL as an “inviolable maritime Kim, like many commentators, points to the boundary.” Indeed, the Basic Agreement failure of the post-Korean War settlement to provided not only that each side shall honor the reach any agreement on the maritime border, control actually exercised by the other party especially in the west, as the cause of its within the boundary, but also that they would evolution into a “Sea of Dispute.” What is soon begin consultations toward a more distinctive about his analysis, however, is the permanent settlement of the dispute. Kim close attention he pays to the efforts he and the interpreted the Basic Agreement as North Roh government (2003 to 2007) made to solve Korea’s agreement to honor the NLL as an the problems by a radical and imaginative "inviolable maritime boundary," an formula, designed to convert the “Sea of interpretation that one might expect the right Dispute” into a “Sea of Peace and Mutual to celebrate.
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