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Study Notes V.5.0 HOOL FO SC R L J A A I N N O /kEEkks eaxyeqfôV~Ba] vfgalk lateks roksA S I T T A U D nsok fo ra uealafr] tLl /kEes l;k e.kksAA N I R E E SELF STUDY IS THE S T SUPREME AUSTERITY N I “That which is non-violence, self restraint and austerity is Dharma (Spiritual Values). It is by virtue of spiritual values that supreme spiritual beneficence results. To him whose mind is (absorbed) in spiritual values even gods pay homage.” Saman Suttam-82 STUDY NOTES V.5.0 Select Papers on Jainism VOLUME II November 13th, 2012 Papers on Jain history, culture & society; philosophy and way of life Specifically for ISSJS program (Integrated within the American University System) International School for Jain Studies www.isjs.in Preface I am pleased to present this updated Version V.5.0 of collection of papers / articles / essays termed as ‘Study Notes’ and prepared under the auspices of The International School for Jain Studies and assisted by its affiliate Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi. The distinguished scholars, who are the experts in their field of activity, are the faculty members of the school during the last five years and have contributed to these notes. Some selected papers by the alumni of the school have also been included. This version has incorporated massive changes as the Study Notes have been now compiled in three volumes as under: Volume I Jain History, Society and Culture Volume II Jain philosophy including Karma doctrine Volume III Selected topics and application of Jain doctrine to resolve modern day issues The entire academic program of the school has also been reorganized on the above lines as can be seen from the syllabus enclosed. These papers aim to give a comprehensive experience of all aspects of religion, philosophy, cosmology, metaphysics, psychology and ethics along with papers on Jain history, culture, preceptors, and evolution of different sects, rituals, art and paintings, pilgrimages and their importance. Based on the feedback received from the visiting scholars attending the school since its inception in 2005, this syllabus is being continuously updated. The curriculum designed keeps the needs of learned scholars from countries like USA, Canada, Russia, Europe, Japan, Korea, Thailand and Cuba etc. attending the summer school in mind as well as while preparing these notes. References for further research are provided at the end of each paper. Further it is hoped that these papers Provide one stop reference to participants of the school for preparing and follow up their academic program while attending the summer schools Be a guide book for further research Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, which has become our affiliate since 2010 and is managed by the school, deserves a note of special thanks. Dr. S. P. Pandey, Associate Professor of the Vidyapeeth, has taken great pains to reorganize the three volumes and ensure proper i Editing for language, format, diacritical marks Addition of several new papers to version V.5.0 Deletion of old papers from V.4.0. Update papers for references and details. I thank Dr. Pandey and his colleagues who had spent several hundred sleepless nights to achieve the above objectives. I hope this collection of essays in new format will succeed in its aim and give the message of Jain spiritual prowess, Jain way of life, its practical approach to non-violence, vegetarianism, international cooperation (parasparopagraho jīvānām), Live and let live to all the living beings (klist e ṣujīvesu kṛpāparatvam) and friendship with all (satvesumaitri ). This note will be incomplete without expressing my heartfelt thanks to the authors and faculty members of the school who have on a voluntary basis taken the time to prepare and present these papers. I thank Mr. Sushil Jana of the school to ensure compilation and presentation in book form. I invite all readers of these papers and scholars of Jainism to please send their views and comments on the papers presented here as well as new papers for addition/inclusion in Version 6.0 This will be the true test of the success of the efforts spent in bringing out this version. We are trying to bring these notes in eBook format also and hopefully soon we shall be able to put the same on www.isjs.in With Regards & Jai Jinendra Shugan Chand Jain New Delhi ii DIACRITICAL MARKS v vk b bZ m Å _ , ,s vks vkS a ā i ī u ū ṛ e ai o au d~ [k~ x~ ?k~ ³~ p~ N~ t~ >~ ¥~ k kh g gh ṇ c ch j jh ñ V~ B~ M~ <~ .k~ r~ Fk~ n~ /k~ u~ ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ t th d dh n i~ Q~ c~ Hk~ e~ ;~ j~ y~ o~ {k~ p ph b bh m y r l v kṣ 'k~ l~ "k~ g~ =~ vuqLokj %folxZ K~ ś s ṣ h tr ṃ h ̣ jñ iii Curriculum for ISSJS Course Lecture Lecture S.No Title Number 4W 6W Orientation day Program can be common to all A (4lectures) Registration, collection of dues and documentation A.1 A.1.1 1 1 (Informal) Facilities provided to all attending participants A.1.2 1 1 including books etc A.2 A.2.1 Facilitation, socialization, Indian and Jain customs 2 2 Rules & regulations to be observed while attending the ISSJS programs; Hand book. Individual meeting A.2.2 2 2 of participant with ISJS representative for special needs. A.3 A.3.1 Introduction to Jainism 3 3 A.3.2 Jain salutations, mantra, signs 3 3 Indian philosophical scenario and placing Jainism in A.4 A.4.1 4 4 Indian philosophical systems B Academic Program B.1.0 Module 1 History, society and culture B.1.1 History Pre-historic, ancient: Time cycles, eternity, 1st to B.1.1.1 23rd tirthankaras with special emphasis on 1st, 22nd 5 5 and 23rd tirthankaras. Mahavira: His life, society during his time, B.1.1.2 5 6 reforms/teachings Post Mahavira: schism, sects and sub sects. B.1.1.3 Important personalities (monks and laity) till 18th 6 7 century A.D. Developments in 18-20th century A.D. B.1.1.4 6 7 Contemporary Jainism B.1.2 Jain Society B.1.2.1 Jain Society India 7 8 B.1.2.2 Jain Diaspora 7 9 Status of women in Jain society (historical) doctrine B.1.2.3 8 10 and its practice Status of lay women in Jain society (Jain law for B.1.2.4 9 10 women security) B.1.3 Culture Definition of culture and types (non material and B.1.3.1 10 12 material), Non material aspects discussed B.1.3.1.1 Ahinsa 11 13 B.1.3.1.2 Anekant & Syadvada 12 14 iv B.1.3.1.3 Aparigraha 13 15 Religious rituals(daily essential duties, puja), B.1.3.2 14 16 ceremonies, festivals, pilgrimage, pilgrim places B.1.3.3 Arts, sculpture, paintings, temple architecture 15 17 Iconography, Images, idols, Caves and stone B.1.3.4 15 18 engravings B.1.4 Historical development, classification of literature, Canonical literature (agamas) of both sects, B.1.4.1 16 19 Philosophical, commentaries, Story and world history (Puranas). B.1.4.2 Poems, plays, short stories, Liturgy, Mantras 16 20 Contribution of Jain acaryas , scholars and laity (1) B.1.5 17 21 to Indian culture and society Chronological listing of significant acharyas, their B.1.5.1 17 22 contribution (to 18th cen A.D) 9 B.1.5.2 Recent ( 20th century) scholars, acaryas and laity 17 23 B.2.0 Module 2 Philosophy B.2.1 Metaphysics & Ontology Nature of reality (ODP), special aspects compared to B.2.1.1 18 24 other religions Concept of substance (dravya), modes and attributes; B.2.1.2 18 25 types; astikayas (existents) B.2.1.3 Matter (pudgala), concept, types, nature etc 19 26 B.2.1.4 Concept of soul, its nature, types, existences 20 27 B.2.1.5 Advanced concept of soul/jiva 20 28 Seven verities (tattvas), entities (padarthas).Concept B.2.1.6 21 29 of the path of spiritual purification B.2.1.7 Details of Moksa /Liberation, merit and demerit 21 30 B.2.2 Cosmology (0/1) Structure of cosmos; Units of measurement for time, B.2.3.1 22 31 space, weight B.2.3 Epistemology (1/2) B.2.3.1 Origin and growth of Jain Theory of knowledge 23 32 Types of knowledge and its acquisition, Rational & B.2.3.2 perverted, fivefold, acquired and direct, Akalanka’s 24 33 classification, Pramana and Naya doctrine B.2.3.3 Types of Pramana (details of inference) 24 34 Multiplicity of viewpoints (Anekantavada) & B.2.3.4 12 14 Conditional dialectic Karma doctrine & Spiritual purification/ B.3.0 Module 3 Psychology Causality, co-factors (five samvayas), Self effort B.3.1 25 35 (Purushartha) Karma (psychic and physical), karma particles B.3.2 26 36 (varganas) four properties; Species and sub species v of karmas. Bondage of karmas, ten states of bonded karmas and B.3.3 26 37 their significance in spiritual exertions (sadhana) Path of spiritual purification (Moksa marga) , B.3.4 detailed discussions on Spirtual awakening (samyaka 27 38 darshan) Stages of spiritual purification (gunasthanas) and B.3.5 their discussions, comparison with eightfold Patanjali 28 39 Yoga B.4.0 Module 4 Ethics: B.4.1 Concept Basis of ethics (Ahimsa), Five types of conduct, B.4.1.1 29 40 Religion & Morality Classification of practitioners monks and laity and B.4.1.2 30 41 basis Conduct of the monks (Major Vows, attitudes of B.4.1.3 30 41 restraint, carefulness; Afflictions and their conquest B.4.2 Details of conduct for laity Power of vows Conduct of laity /householders (1/2) Purity of food (basic virtues), Seven abstinences (Morality), B.4.2.1 31 42 Essential duties, Classification of laity (3 and stages of spiritual advancements (pratimas) Minor vows, enhancing vows, teaching vows, B.4.2.2 31 43 detailed discussions (1/2) B.4.3 Penance/ observing austerities (Yoga) B.4.3.1 Concept, types and sub types, detailed discussions 32 44 B.4.3.2 Meditation, its types, significance and scientific basis 33 45 B.4.3.3 Jain Yoga, comparison with Patanjali's yoga 34 45 Ten fold virtuous practices, Scientific basis of B.4.4 35 46 supreme forgiveness B.4.5 Pious & Peaceful death: sallekhna/santhara.
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