Projects Officer

iJSARp Apy LI

OF THE U.S. ANTARCTIC PROJECTS OFFICER

VOLUME IV NUMBER 4

JANUARY 1963 The Antarctic problem has now crystallised into an object of scientific research, the re- suits of which may indeed become practically useful, but in a manner too uncertain and re- mote to be a leading motive. Its solution has been reduced to the result of exploration in the ice, and the final result will round out the knowledge of the globe into completeness and will leave no spot of Earth unknown. When the story of the Antarctic can be fully told Terra Incognita will cumber the map no more...

H.R. Mill, Seige of the South Pole, London, 1905, p. 2

Vol. IV, No. 4 January 1963

CONTENTS

Month in Review 1

The Geophysical and Polar Research Center University of Wisconsin 2

Geologists Discover Volcano 6

The Glacial Geology and Polar Research Laboratory University of Michigan 7

Survey Plans Cancelled 11

Garden in Antarctica 11

First Convoy to McMurdo Station 12

Rehabilitation of Marble Point 14

Antarctic Dental Officer Celebrates Dental Corps Anniversary 15

South Pole Gridiron Clash 16

Polar Societies 17

Palmer Peninsula Survey 17

Commander George Otto Noville 17

Additions to the Library Collection 18

Antarctic Chronology 28

1]. The Bulletin of the United States Antarctic Projects Officer appears eight or nine times a year. Its objective is to inform interested organizations, groups, and individuals about United States plans, programs, and activities. Readers are invited to make any suggestions that will enhance the attainment of this objective.

Material for this issue of the Bulletin was abstracted from United States Navy press releases, National Science Foundation news releases, the New York Times, 4 Dec 621 United States Air Force news release,, the United States Navy Medical News Letter, Vol. 40, No. 11, 7 Dec 62, and The Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), 4 Jan 63.

The United States Antarctic Projects Officer and his staff are indebted to Mr. Charles W. Swithinbank of The Glacial Geology and Polar Research Laboratory, and Mr. Ned A. Ostenso of The Geophysical and Polar Research Center for the two articles on the respective institutions appearing in this issue.

Greenwich Mean Time is used in the Bulletin unless otherwise noted. No events after 9 January appear in this issue of the Bulletin.

When notifying this office of a change of address, you are requested to make reference to the four- digit code number appearing in the lower right hand corner of the address label.

All inquiries should be directed to the United States Antarctic Projects Officer, 718 Jaokcon Place, N.W., Washington, 25, D.C. Telephone: STerling 3-0860, extension 3795.

iii MbNTH IN REVIEW

On II December 1962, the C-124 Globernasters completed their last airdrop and shortly began their return to the United States. This ended seven years of operations for this type of aircraft. Next year the C-124s will be replaced by the C-130E, which has longer range, greater speed, and more economical operation. The Globeniaster, like the dog team, seems to be a victim of technological change, but also like the dog team, it has written a glorious chapter in Antarctic history.

It all started back in DEEP FREEZE II, during the autumn of 1956, although planning had started in 1954, when the scientists had indicated they wanted a station at the South Pole. Navy and Air Force con- sulted together and said that it could be done. The whole concept and many of the assumptions on which it was based caused the heads of Ant- arctic veterans to waggle. Many had honest doubts, but the result is now history. That first year, 1956-57, the C-124s delivered 749 tons to the South Polo and 213 tons to Byrd Station. For the latter, it was mostly fuel, as building materials and other supplies had been brought by heavy tractor train from Little America.

Over the seven years of operation, including provisional figures for this seasons delivery, the C-124s have airlifted some 6,300 tons to inland stations and trail parties. In addition more than 3,400 tons of cargo and 3,000 passengers have arrived at McMurdo Sound from New Zealand aboard the Globemasters. During thousands of hours of dangerous flying, only one fatal accident occurred, and it unfortunately cost the lives of six airmen. Although the C-124s will be replaced by more effi- cient aircraft, no one who participated in the early DEEP FREEZE operations will ever forget them.

For those interested in the difficulties encountered by the ships in forcing their way into McMurdo Sound, the fast ice, which began breaking out on Qhristmas Day, has continued to do so. On 7 January only 18 miles still separated Hut Point from open water. Even with this improvement, constant effort was required to keep the channel open, and it was felt advisable to cancel GLACIERs planned exploration of the Amundsen Sea. STATEN ISLAND, however, departed Port Lyttelton for the Palmer Peninsula on 4 January with representatives of the National Science Foundation on board.

Some nations still use dog teams, but for the United States they have given way to tracked vehicles, varying from 2-man motor toboggans to 38-ton caterpillars. Currently, a number of parties are in the field, including one under CTIO Fowler, who, after having rescued equipment and supplies from Marble Point, transferred his activities to Byrd Station. With his companions he departed the latter place for Eights Station on 19 December. When last hoard from he was "featherfooting his way around the north end of the Sentinel mountains.

1 THE GEOPHYSICAL AND POLAR RESEARCH CENTER UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN by Ned A. Ostenso

The International Geophysical Year has been justifiably heralded for its many unique contributions to international cooperation afid scientific achievement. One of its fundamental accomplishments, however, was so subtle as to go generally unnoticed. For the first time adequate consideration was given to the reduction and analysis of data as well as their collection. With past Antarctic expeditions it was common to have data published decades later or, worse yet, never published at all. Any one concerned with polar research has undoubtedly heard accounts of boxes of observations being "discovered" in widows attics or being passed on to unsuspecting heirs. Usually scientists were expected to work up the expeditions data on their own time and at their own expense. It is not surprising, then, that hasty and in- complete analysis was commonplace.

Due to the farsightedness of the architects of the IGY, adequate consideration was given in the initial planning to all three phases of basic research: observation, analysis, and communication of results. These men had the sagacity of experience to realize that whereas funds may be available for the observational phase of research, it is almost impossible to support the later, and equally important, phases, as fund- ing agencies tend to view such activities as faits accomplis. Thus it was that the foundations of the Geophysical and Polar Research Center were laid with the foundations of the IGY; or more properly, that they rest on a common foundation.

Although provisions were made for data-reduction centers for each of the scientificiograms of the IGY, the location of many of these centers had not bóen determined at the beginning of the geophysical year. That they should develop at locations where there was a keen interest in the disciplines involved and active participation in the IGY program was only natural. In the case of the Antarctic operations involving traverse, magnetic, gravity, and seismological measurements as well as glaciological and geological observations, four of the original six par- ticipating scientists were from the University of Wisconsin. The gravity standardization program and later airborne geophysical program were also manned by Wisconsin personnel. Professor G.P. Woollard had played an active role in both setting up and supervising the Antarctic geophysical program. It was because of this university-centered interest in the Ant- arctic that the data-reduction center was located at the University of Wisconsin.

During the post-IGY International Geophysical Cooperation period, it was decided that the Antarctic research program merited continuing national effort. The responsibility for this undertaking was delegated to the 7.

National Science Foundation under the aegis of the newly created United States Antarctic Research Program (usARP). The National Science Founda- tion, in turn, gave the responsibility of running the scientific traverse program to the Antarctic Data Reduction Center at the University of Wis- consin, as it had the greatest concentration of experienced personnel. With this added responsibility, the data center became an "operational" organization with full administrative, logistic, and personnel cognizance, in addition to data analysis responsibilities. It was this change in objectives plus the extensive program of geophysical investigations being conducted in other areas of interest outside of Antarctica that led to the Data Reductton Center being reorganized as the Geophysical and Polar Research Center.

The scope of endeavor of the Center was expanded to include geology and all geophysical research, and was not restricted to polar studies. This broad-scope research, involving measurements in all parts of the world, has proved to be of inestimable value in interpreting the results of Antarctic research, Knowledge and understanding are at best sketchy on subjects such as the èomposition and structure of the earths crust, the strength and elastic response of the crust to changes in surface loading, the nature of isostasy, the origin and development of the continents and ocean basins, heat flow, the cause of the earths magnetic field, and the mechanics of geosynclinal formation. Antarctica, because of its geographic position and its superimposed load of ice, provides a unique site for studying many of these problems. The limited knowledge of what consti- tutes "normal" conditions, for example regarding the thickness and compo- sition of the earths crust, requires that any Antarctic studies of crustal structure and deformation caused by the ice load must be accompanied by a companion program in unglaciated areas. Similarly, the significance of the evidence of wasting of the Antarctic ice cap, suggesting changes in world climatic conditions and possible accompanying changes in sea level, cannot be fully demonstrated without correlative studies in other parts of the earth and interrelated studies in meteorology, oceanography, climatology, and botany.

This diverse, inter-disciplinary program has provided strength in depth in many respects. In the practical sense it has produced a scientific cadre with a great breadth of interest and experience, making it possible to send competent men into the field on short notice when crises or unexpected opportunities arise. An additional practical consideration is that maximum efficiency is obtained from central office, shop, and other support facilities, and expensive scientific instruments rarely sit idle. The most important advantage of this many-faceted program, however, is that it encourages a free flow of ideas among investigators and serves as a nucleus for attracting new men into polar work.

When the Geophysical and Polar Research Center was organized under a grant from the National Science Foundation, the University of Wisconsin made available a 15-acre estate on the Outskirts of Madison that was left

3 as a gift by the late Thomas Brittingham, and supplied about $65,000 for rehabilitation and remodeling of the main house, so that it could be used for this purpose. The facilities here consist of a central business and secretarial office, a library and conference room, a dark room, small electronic and carpenter shops, a drafting and computers room, seven offices, each of which is occupied by two investigators, and offices for the director and logistics officer. Because of the limited accommodations, only the office staff, scientific personnel working on polar programs, and translators are now located in the main house. Also on the grounds of the Brittingham Estate are a former squash court, which houses the gravity program, and a four-stall garage, used for storage. Above the garage are the caretakers quarters.

The groups working on\ orusta]. seismology and the determination of absolute gravity are housed in a rented building somewhat nearer the campus. These quarters, in addition to adjacent facilities for geological research, are provided by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. Also at this location are the machine shop, electronics shop, staging areas for trucks, storage room, instrument laboratory, and additional offices. The magnetic and geophysical instruction programs occupy three offices and two laboratories located on the campus in Science Hall, which also houses most of the research in gelcgy, meteorology, oceanography, and geography.

In addition to providing more work space, the organization of the Geophysical and Polar Research Center maintains a polar and geophysical library, a translation service for current foreign literature, personnel for computing, drafting and secretarial services, a machine snop ana electronics shop staffed with competent technical help and with facilities to meet research requirements, a financial administrator to maintain up- to-the-minute accounting, and a purchasing agent to check that equipment specifications are fulfilled, necessary changes made, and delivery dates met. These services free the scientific staff from routine "housekeeping" duties and other nonproductive effort, and thus contribute in a marked way to the scientific output of each investigator.

The original funds for establishing the Geophysical and Polar Re- search Center came from the National Science Foundation and the annual grants from the Foundation for operating expenses and research are vital to its existence, but are not the sole source of support. Insofar as is possible, each of the various research programs oo4. iccLat the Center is self-supporting, with funds coming from the following sources: National Soienoe Foundation, 66 per cent; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 20 per cent; Office of Naval Research, 4 per cent; Arctic Institute of North America, 4 per cent; USAF Aeronautical Chart and Information Agency, 4 per cent; and Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, 2 per cent.

The following major research programs are currently being pursued at the Geophysical and Polar Research Center:

4 Antarctic Antarctic traverse program Integrated glaoiologica. and geophysical studies on Roosevelt Island. Investigation of mioroscopio extraterrestrial particles in the Ant- arctic Icecap. Patterned ground in Antarctica. Stratigraphy and sediinentology of the Palmer Peninsula and Southern Chile. Gravimeter base station connections in Antarctica. Aeromagnetic survey of Antarctica. Gravity and magnetic studies in waters adjacent to Antarctica. Translation program of polar and geophysical literature and publication of the Soviet Antarctic Information Bulletin in English.

Arctic Aeromagnetic survey of the Arctic Ocean Basin. Geophysical investigations from ice island ARLIS-II. Airlifted gravity investigations of the Arctic Ocean Basin. Seaborne gravity survey of the Chukchi Sea. Explosion seismic study of the orustal structure of the Arctic Ocean Basin.

Other - Definitive establishment of an lnternational gravity standard. Integrated analysis of all seismic, gravity and magnetic measurements carried out in Wisconsin and development of improved instru- mentation and techniques of geophysical measurements. Determination of absolute gravity. Research application of the Universitys new seismological stations. Explosion seismic refraction studies of crustal structure. Study of the relationship of gravity anomalies to geology and crustal structure. Earthquake seismic research. Analysis of pendulum gravity data. Magnetic Investigations of orustal structure and basement rock configuration in selected areas in the United States. Development of a new gravimeter. Preparation of a gravity map of the United States. Preparation of a basement surface map of the United States. Gravity and magnetic studies in the Solomon Islands.

The following Antarctic investigations are being conducted by Uni- versity of Wisconsin personnel not directly connected with the Geophysi- cal and Polar Research Center:

The behavior of the Adelie Penguin. Orientation mechanisms and related behavior in the Adelie Penguin. Physical limnology of Antarctic lakes.

6 There is little doubt but that the world is undergoing a scientific renaissance and hopefully the Geophysical and Polar Research Center will make a number of significant contributions to this vital search for knowledge. However, institutions do not do research. Rather, the responsibility for progress rests squarely on the shoulders of the individual investigator who has initiative and imagination. Thus, by more than any other factor, the future of the Center will be determined by its ability to attract and hold men of imagination and to give free rein to their abilities.

GEOLOGISTS DISCQVR V0IAAN0 (See Bulletin, Vol. IV, No. 1, p 13)

Four geologists from Ohio State University, conducting field studies on the worlds southernmost exposed rock only 200 miles from the South Pole, have reported the dicovery of an extinct volcano which they call "decidely the southernmost volcano in the world." The four-man Ohio State group, headed by Mr. George Doumani and including Mr. Larry L. Lackey, Mr. Velon H. Minshew, and Mr. Courtney 7. Skinner, were flown to the south portal of the Robert Scott Glacier aboard two Navy W-47s on 1 November 1962. Over a ten-week period, they will carry out geological investigations in the vicinity of Mounts Weaver and Howe in the Queen Maud Mountains. The scientists are collecting rook and fossil specimens, searching for coal seams for fossil evidence, carrying 6ut geologic mapping, and studying stratification and structure of rooks rising out of the Antarctic icecap.

Mount Weaver, rising to a height Of about 10,000 feet, 220 miles from the South Pole, was discovered during the Byrd Antarctic Expedition of 1933-35. Its discoverers made a number of significant geological finds, including several coal seams, various fossils, and petrified tree trunks up to 18 inches in diameter.

Mount Howe, which has only been observed from a great distanoe, is actually a group of low connecting ridges and gable-shaped nunataks rising to about 10,000 feet in elevation. Located about 15 miles south- east of Mt. Weaver, Mt. Howe is possibly the southernmost exposed rook in the world. Every bit of earth south of the mountain is blanketed by an ice-cap at least a mile thick.

Exact details of the location of the newly discovered extinct volcano in relation to Mt. Weaver and Mt. Howe were not reported in the bri message relayed to McMurdo Station from the South Pole Station. The message did indicate that the geological field work was being hampered by severe weather. The field party is using two motor toboggans for transportation and a Jamesway hut as a primary shelter with small tents for temporary camps.

6 THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY AND POLAR RESEARCH LABORATORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN by Charles W. Swithinbank

The University of Michigan has long had a stake in polar research. The late Professor William H. Hobbs of the Department of Geology led the first three of five University of Michigan Greenland Expeditions from 1926 to 1933. Laurence M. Gould, then Assistant Professor of Geology, was second-in-. command, geologist, and photographer on the first expedition and later second-in-command and geologist on Richard E. Byrds first Antarctic Expedition in 1928. Dr. Gould, now Professor of Geology at the University of Arizona, is Chairman of the Committee on Polar Research of the,National Academy of Sciences.

A new series of polar expeditions began in 1957 during the Interna- tional Geophysical Year when James H. Zuxnberge, Professor of Geology, led a party studying the deformation of the Ross Ice Shelf near the Bay of Whales. Groups from the tjiüversity have continued to work on the Ross Ice Shelf during the five Antarctic summers since 1957. In 1961 the Institute of Science and Technology, a research organization within the Univórsity, established a Glacial Geology and Polar Research Laboratory headed by Professor Zumberge. In early 1962 Zuinberge resigned to take up a new appointment, and Charles W. Swithinbank, Associat& Research Glaciologist, was appointed Acting Head of the Laboratory.

The 1957-58 and 1958-59 expeditions to the Ross Ice Shelf were concerned with structural geology. Ice is a crystalline rock that is easily deformed under relatively small stresses. It is therefore possible to apply the results of ice studies to larger geologic structures. Hori- zontal stresses in the floating ice shelf near the Bay of Whales produce compressional ice anticlines and synclines whose axes are out by trans- verse tensional crevasses. This process, similar to the folding of.lajered rooks of the earths crust, provides a model that may be useful in ana- lyzing the mechanism by which rock strata are deformed during mountain- building periods.

Camp Michigan, a small field station, was set up on 20 November 1957 on floating ice 400 feet thick. The thickness was determined by seismic soundings. Strain rates in the ice shelf were measured over a two-month period, using stake networks that had been located by triangulation. It was found that under normal conditions, folds form with their axes perpendicular to the direction of principal compression. But devia- tions of up to 20 degrees were also recorded. Where the compressive strain rate is approximately equal to the extensional rate in pure shear, the crevasses lie perpendicular to the principal, tensional axis. As the compressive strain rate increases significantly over the tensile strain rate, however, the strike of single crevasses varies in orientation

7 from 0 to 40 degrees with respect to the principal axes of compression. John R. Reid, Research Assistant, studied thin sections of ice under the microscope and was able to relate crystal orientation to the observed stresses. A report suninarizing the results of the whole Camp Michigan program, Deformation of the Ross Ice Shelf near the Bay of Whales, Ant- arctica, was issued in 1960.

By studying the mechanism of flow of existing glaciers, a great deal can be inferred about the ice sheet which covered much of the northern half of the North American continent until about 20,000 years ago. Ice shelves can be used to study some fundamental problems of glacier flow. In formulating a satisfactory flow law for ice it is neoes-. sary to take into account the temperature of the ice and the shear stress at the glacier bed. On land glaciers we can seldom measure these things owing to the inaccessibility of the glacier bed. But on ice shelves the problem of ice flow is equivalent to that of a weightless material being compressed between frictionless plates. We can easily measure the temperature at the upper surface, and we know that the lower surface must be at the melting point of fresh-water ice in sea water. Because ice shelves occur within a wide range of air temperature and have a wide range of thickness, they serve in many ways as ideal model glaciers.

Recent University of Michigan field parties have concentrated on measuring some of the principal quantities involved in the mass balance of the Ross Ice Shelf. The 1959-60 field work aimed at a measure of the volume of ice discharged into the ocean. A party of four traversed from Little America V to McMurdo Station in two Sno-oats. Members were Charles W. Swithinbank; James E. Schroeder, surveyor; Fred J. Jacobi, mechanic; and Jack Long, mechanic. At each camp, sun altitudes were measured every three hours when weather permitted, and a pattern of bamboo stakes was planted in the snow to measure strain rates. In all, 12 points were fixed for ice movement studies. In addition, 18 previously planted snow accumulation stakes were measured. Pits were dug to measure the density of the accumulated snow, and 63 surface strain rate measurements were begun. Mr. Swithinbank remained at McMurdo Station until mid-March 1960 to study the mass balance of an anomalous area of the ice shelf in which snow melts from the surface instead of accumulating on it.

The two most recent field seasons have been devoted principally to studies of the movement of the giant glaciers that transect the mountain range on the west side of the Ross Ice Shelf. Among these are some of the largest and widest valley glaciers in the world. The Beardmore Gla- cier is 140 miles long and 20 miles wide at its mouth. Six other major glaciers have been studied: Mulock, Byrd, Nimrod, Liv, Amundsen and Robert Scott. Together they make a large contribution to the mass balance of the Ross Ice Shelf.

The 1960-61 party consisted of four men: Charles W. Swithinbank; Thomas E. Taylor, surveyor (U.S. Geological Survey); John Tuck, geogra- pher; and David G. Darby, paleontologist. Because the terrain, owing to

8 bad crevassing of the glaciers, is difficult and dangerous to travel over in conventional oversnow vehicles, new methods of reaching the glaciers had to be tried. Helicopters were the obvious answer. But only Mulock and Byrd glaciers were within helicopter range of McMurdo Sta- tion, and there were other difficulties. The ice on these two glaciers is so fast moving that much of its surface consists of a confusion of ridges, crevasses, seracs, and snow bridges so chaotic that not even a helicopter could find space to land safely. Somebody, however, had to erect survey markers strong enough to survive the extreme winds of an Antarctic winter. To do this, a man was suspended from the sea rescue winch of a hovering helicopter and lowered to a relatively smooth spot on the ice. After slipping from the rescue harness, he grabbed an ice auger and a ten-foot length of four-inch aluminum pipe as they were handed down from the open door of the helicopter. The pipe was topped by a red flag. The helicopter circled within a quarter mile while a three-foot hole was drilled with the hand auger. Once the marker pipe was standing securely in its hole, the man was sedately hoisted to safety by the winch. The position of each marker was established by conventional triangulation, using a theodolite at each end of a baseline measured on mountains overlooking the glacier. When the men spent several days at a glacier, they took the opportunity to measure ice temperatures, make regular meteorological observations, survey the surrounding country, and collect rock samples from the nunataks, most of which were untrodden before the party reached them.

Another innovation was the use of motdr toboggans for traveling on and between Nimrod, Beardmore, Robert Scott, Amundsen, and Liv glaciers, which are the less badly crevassed glaciers beyond the range of the helicopters.. Motorized sledges have been a dream of Antarctic trave- lers ever since the British explorer Ernest H. Shaokleton first took a combined ski-wheel -automobile to McMurdo Sound in 1907. Success came slowly, but by 12 the Eliason motor toboggan, with a nine-horsepower motor driving a single flexible track between two skis, was patented and working in Sweden. Although the whole machine weighs only 500 pounds, it can haul a ton in good snow conditions. As used on the Ross Ice Shelf, the machine pulls two or three men on skis and two fully- loaded, 13-foot Nansen sledges. The 1960-61 party traveled some 700 miles in this fashion, including a single unsupported journey of 350 miles.

Further studies were made of the so-called "pinnacled ice" in McMurdo Sound, one of the rare places in the Antarctic where there is melting from the surface of a floating ice shelf and run-off In the form of streams. While making ice movement measurements in an attempt to understand the peculiar regimen of the area, the party encountered a series of concentrations of organic matter on this otherwise barren ex- panse of ice. The remains of upwards f 50 partially decomposed fish lay on the ice more than a mile from the sea and some 15 feet above sea level. The largest intact fish measured 56 inches overall. Numerous peleoypods, gastropods, braóhiopods, siliceous sponges, and anthozoan corals were also found on the ice surface. Their presence on the ice surface still awaits a convincing explanation, although similar but smaller finds were made in the same area as early as 1903. It has been suggested that bottom-dwelling fauna were trapped in the ice by freezing and then brought slowly to the top by the progressive melting of the upper surface while new ice formed at the bottom. This implies that the ice shelf is nourished principally by the freezing of sea water, although there is good reason to believe that most ice shelves are nourished mainly by the accumulation of snow from above and by contributions from land glaciers. The reversal of the usual method of nourishment in this small but intriguing arm of the ice shelf in McMurdo Sound needs further explanation.

The 1961-62 Michigan party consisted of only three men: Charles W. Swithinbank; Thomas E. Taylor; and Arthur S. Rundle, Assistant Glaoio- logist. The first task was to, revisit the glaciers studied the previous year to find how far the survey markers had moved • A Worden gravity meter was used to make a rough cross-section of each glacier to convert the observed surface movement into a measure of the volume of ice trans- ported. The highlight of the season was a 300-mile motor toboggan journey along the foot of the Queen Maud Range, during which movement measurements were made on the Robert Scott, Amundsen, and Liv glaciers.

Successful movement measurements have now been made on seven glaciers having a combined total width of about 75 miles. They move at an average rate of about 1,400 feet per year, which must add some 20 square miles to the ice shelf. Although these figures are greater than anything suggested by earlier estimates, they still do not appear to be large compared with the discharge that must come from the unexplored south- eastern borderlands of the ice shelf.

The 1962-63 Michigan party consists of six men who plan to repeat the 1959-60 traverse between Camp Michigan and McMurdo Station to de- termine the amount of ice movement during the three-year period. Trave- ling with four motor toboggans, they are using Tellurometers to fix positions on the be shelf relative to known points on Ross and Roose- velt islands. The earlier surface strain rate studies will be concluded and all trail markers will be measured for snow accumulation. A diver- sion to latitude 82°S is planned for the purpose of measuring strain rates along the meridian 1680W.

From 1957 to 1959 the Michigan research program was sponsored by the U.S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year, but since 1959 it has been wholly financed by the National Science Founda- tion. Operations over such great distances would never have been possible without the generous logistic support rendered throughout the past five field seasons by Air Development Squadron SIX and other units of the United States Naval. Support Force, Antarctica.

10 The Glacial Geology and Polar R.earoh Laboratory has undertaken several non-polar projects. These include bottom-coring in Lake Superior to study the glacial history of the lake basin, and an ice distribution survey of Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan. The Laboratory is housed in the Department of Geology and Mineralogy on the main campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. It enjoys full access to the general administrative, research, and library facilities of the University. A 600-cubic-foot cold room for the storage and petrofabric analysis of ice samples is maintained at nearby Willow Run Airport, where the Lab- oratory also has 1,400 square feet of workshop, office, shipping, and laboratory space.

SURVEY PLANS CANCELLED (See Bulletin, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp 6-7)

Word has been received from Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, that plans for a survey of the route from Little America to the Martin Peninsula area and the Coast of Marie Byrd Land have been cancelled for DEEP FREEZE 63. Among reasons for the change in plans is the reduction in long range scientific interest in the Byrd Station area and, more immediately, the need to retain USS GLACIER in the Ross Sea area for the entire period of Operation DEEP FREEZE 63 owing to severe ice conditions.

GARDEN IN ANTARCTICA

Twenty feet under the polar loecap and a more 800 yards from the South Pole, two scientists are growing marigolds in a crowded work- room. The scientists are Michael Phelan, a specialist in earth pheno- mena, and William Aitken, an air-glow specialist. Their garden, a plot of vermiculite, a mineral, grows under the constant glow of fluor- escent lamps and a large tungsten bulb. The plot is about three feet by a foot-and-a-half. Within this small space grow orange and yellow dwarf marigolds, carrots, calendula and ivy.

Earlier this year, the men had some parsley but it looked so good they harvested it, chopped it up, and garnished soup with it one evening. They also tried onions but passersby could not control the urge to crush the tops of the onion sprouts to smell the fragrance. As a result, the onions didnt stand a chance.

The whole garden experiment began when Mr. Phelan and Mr. Aitken found a pack of mixed seeds someone had brought to the South Pole a couple of seasons ago and just forgot about. They decided to see what would happen if the seeds were planted in the vermiculite. After about two weeks, the seeds sprouted and the men began their garden in earnest.

11 They took turns going down into the South Pole Station snow mine, a glaciology shat sunk 90 feet into the ice cap to study snow and ioe stratification, to drag up fresh snow to water the plants each day.

Mr. Phelan and Mr. Aitken plan to send back buckets of soil from New Zealand with the hope that the new men will take an interest in the garden and keep it going.

FIRST CONVOY TO MOMURDO STATION by Commander Price Lewis, Jr., USNR Commander, Task Group 43.1

Plans for Operation DEEP FREEZE 63 called for the first convoy of ships to leave Port Lyttelton, New Zealand about 1 November and arrive off McMurdo Station about 12 November. Because it was recognized that heavy ice might be encountered this early in the season, three icebreakers were assigned to escort a cargo vessel and a tanker. This schedule was based on the previous years experience when the convoy had left Port Lyttelton on 7 November 1961 and arrived off Cape lloyds on.19 November. It had, however, required 10 days to clear a channel through the fast bay ice to within five miles of Hut Point.

The ships of the first oonvoy for the DEEP FREEZE 63 season departed Port Lyttelton between 30 October and 1 November. The ships involved were the following:

USS GLACIER (AGB-4) uscac EASTWINL) (WAGB-279) USS STATEN ISLAND (AGB-5) USNS CHATTAHO0CHEE (T-Aoa.-82) USNS MIRFAK (TAK-271)

The ships first encountered ice at 63°30 1 S 9 178°E on 6 November at 0223 local time. Considering the early date, the transit of the pack presented no unusual difficulties and the convoy reached the edge of the fast bay ice off McMurdo Sound on 14 November. At this point, however, the ships met with a surprise. The northern edge of the fast ice extended from the tip of Beaufort Island westward so that it was neoes- sarrto commence breaking the channel at 76°45 1 5, 167°57 1 E, a distance of miles from the station. The greatest distance previously on- countered was on DEEP FREEZE I (1955-56) 9 38 miles, and on DEEP FREEZE 62, there had been only 21 miles.

Because of the distance involved this year, it was impossible to out the customary wedge-shaped channel from which the wind cleared out the broken ice astern of the ships. The brash that accumulated in the channel reconsolidated rapidly and required constant reworking. On 12 Ar

USS GLACIER smashes through the thick pack ice clearing the way for the convoy. Following her are USCGC EASTIND, USS STAN IS- LAND, USNS MIRFAK, and USNS CHATTAH000HEE. (U.S. Navy Photograph).

DEEP FREEZE I, the only remotely comparable operation, cargo vessels had remained near the edge of the fast ice and transferred their cargo to the icebreakers, which then ferried it to the vicinity of the station. This year, the cargo ships were brought up the channel in short increments, usually about five miles, and were left in wide areas or parking basins out from the ice. The icebreakers then out another in- crement of channel, and the process was repeated. The parking basins also afforded some protection for the ships against pressure if wide areas of ice were suddenly to move in such a way as to close the channel.

The fast ice varied between five and nine feet in thickness, be- coming heavier toward the south. By 5 December the channel had reached a point six-and-a-half miles from Hut Point, and cargo unloading could commence. GLACIER, which had been in the lead the greater part of the time, damaged both propellors to the extent that her efficiency was impaired and to continue the operation was no longer safe. GLACIER departed for New Zealand and a period in the yard. For a time, STATEN ISLAND continued to extend the channel toward the station, but, when she had out an additional two miles, she suspended the effort in order to assist EASVD and EDISTO (AGB-2), which had arrived about 24 November, to keep the existing channel open and in towing the cargo ships.

13 On Christmas Day a violent storm alleviated the situation somewhat by breaking up the outboard, edge of the fast ice for a distanoo of 14 miles. The remainder of the channel, almost 50 miles long, continued, however, to be difficult to navigate. GIACR, after completing her repairs, was ordered back to McMurdo Sound and her planned exploratory trip to Martin Peninsula cancelled.

REHABILITATION OF MARBLE POINT

Under the command of Army Chief Warrant Officer George W. Fowler of the United States Antarctic Projects Office, a party left McMurdo on 13 November 1962 to begin a 12-hour journey across the frozen Ross Sea to rehabilitate the unoccupied camp at Marble Point as a survival point for future traverses.

Warrant Officer Fowler, who was also navigator of the traverse, carefully walked in front of the vehicle train chipping at the los. with an axe to test its ability to support the weight of the vehicle and also to check for hidden crevasses. It is this kind of on-the-spot reconnaissance that has earned Mr. Fowler the nickname Featherfoot throughout his long experience with traverses in Antarctica, as well as in the Arctic.

In preliminary planning for the support of the scientific program, it was thought desirable to investigate the possibility of building an airfield on ground. Extensive reconnaissance around McMurdo Sound during DEEP FREEZE I (1955-56) and DEEP FREEZE II (1956-57) indicated that the best spot for such an installation was at Marble Point. As a result, a thorough engineering survey was carried qr 4 uriñg the summer season of 1957-58 and 1958-59. To accommodate the Construction Battalion unit doing the survey, a camp, largely consisting of Jamesway huts, was established, a small landing strip for the use of Otter aircraft laid out, and equipment and supplies accumulated. About 40 miles from McMurdo Station, Marble Point is a convenient stopping place for scientific parties and traverses working alóng the west side of McMurdo Sound and is close to the dry valley area and other points of scientific interest so that even though the air-field project Is no longer active, Marble Point continues to be a location of considerable importance.

When the traverse party arrived, it found that the camp showed the affect of weather and required considerable repair. They Immediately wont to work rehabilitating the buildings, putting the machinery in order, and restocking food on shelves. In the course of their investigations they discovered large quantities of supplies, spare parts for machinery, building materials, tools, tires, and a 23,000-pound TD-14 Crawler Crane. Many of these supplies were in short supply at MoMurdo, and the crane was worth repairing and bringing back.

14 WM

A l AA DWI

Emilio A. Deleon, EOH2, left, and CW03 George W. Fowler, USA, probe ahead of the two Trackmasters while traversing McMurdo Sound. (Official U.S. Navy Photograph).

After two weeks of arduous labor, the party had the camp back in usable condition, and, of oôurse, tested the quality of its work by oc- cupying the promises. They then loaded sleds with supplies, parts, and other items that would, be useful at McMurdo Station and made their way back, a 15-hour journey across the Sound. It was perhaps inevitable that they took for themselves the name of Featherfoots Fabulous Foragers.

ANTARCTIC DENTAL OFFICER CELEBRATES DENTAL CORPS ANNIVERSARY

A reception in honor of the Golden Anniversary of the Naval Dental Corps was held 11 October 1962 by the southernmost dental officer in the world, LT Ronald J. Koss, (DC), USN. LT ross was host to the officers and scientific personnel at McMurdo Station and Scott Base.

The Naval Dental Corps has maintained a dentist in Antarctica since Operation DEEP FREEZE I in 1956. The single dentist stationed at McMurdo Station is responsible for the dental health of all United States personnel in Antarctica. During Operation DEEP FREEZE 62, dental treatment was given to mombers of all o &-n6-n-Ys of Task Force 43. One of Dr. Koss unexpected patients at Christmas in 1961 was a Russian member of a two-plane party bound from Russia to the Soviet base at Mirnyy.

The 10 by 25-foot dental department at McMurdo is fully equipped to perform all phases of denistry in a combination one-chair operating room-laboratory. Extensive laboratory work, however, is somewhat restricted because of water and space limitations.

15 SOUTH POLE GRIDIRON CLASH

J.D. Dudley, 0E3, kicks off for the first football game ever played at the South Pole. (Official U.S. Navy photograph).

Ina rugged, chilly tussle at the South Polo on Thanksgiving day, the Seabees of MCB-8 defeated the USARP scientists 6-0 in the first football game ever played at the South Pole. A temperature of -33 degrees, a bitter wind, and the rarefied atmosphere of the 10,000-foot polar plateau, made playing conditions somewhat less than ideal.

The lack of a football was no deterrent to this game. A basket- ball was located and quickly pressed into service. The improvised football proved very difficult to catch, and because of the wind, even more difficult to throw accurately. The slippery compacted ice field made a ground attack almost as unproductive.

For three quarters of the game, neither team could cross the goal. line. Finally the Seabees began a long drive in the fourth quarter, climaxed by LT Philip C. Holmens dash across the line, but the score was called back by a penalty. Undaunted, the Seabees struck for their legitimate touchdown a few minutes later. An unexpected long pass brought the score. Jerry Dudley dashed downfield and snagged a Holmen aerial in the end zone, for the only completed pass of the entire game, and scored the winning touchdown.

16 POLAR SOCIETIES

Recently, the Bulletin received an interesting notice of a meeting of the "Friends of Polar Research" held at the University of Wisconsin on 28 November 1962. The feature of the evening was a paper by Dr. Osmund Holm-.Hansen on "Laboratory Studies on Organisms Isolated from the Antarctic". Some 33 persons representing 13 university departments attended and participated in what the reporter called "a lively dis- cussion". It was also announced that another meeting would be held on 14 January 1963 when Dr. Kirk Stone would speak on "Ice Darned Lakes in the Arctic".

It would be informative to know how many organizations concerned with polar, and especially Antarctic, activities exist in the United States. The Explorers Club and American Polar Society are both old and well-known. Information about the Antarctican Society, founded in 1959, has 000assionally appeared in the Bulletin. There is also the American Society of Polar Philatelists, which publishes an interesting little periodical called Ice Cap News. Readers knowing of others are invited to write the Bulletin.

PALMER PENINSULA SURVEY

As reported in the Bulletin, Volume IV, Number 1, October, 1962, USS EDISTO was scheduled for an exploratory trip along the Palmer Penin- sula to find a suitable site for a biology-geology study camp planned for the 1964 season. Because of the necessity of drydooking EDISTO for a short period of time to effect engine repairs, USS STATEN ISLAND has been assigned this task. She departed Port Lyttelton on 4 January enroute to the Palmer Peninsula to carry out her new mission.

COMMANDER GEORGE OTTO NOVILLE

Commander George Otto Noville, 72, an early associate of the late Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, died on 3 January 1963 of a gunshot wound inflicted two days before at his home. He was a native of Cleveland, Ohio, but had made his home in Chulavista, Mexico, about 25 miles from Guadalajara, for the past four years.

Commander Noville, who had a brilliant career in the United States Navy, accompanied Rear Admiral Byrd on his airmail flight from New York to France in 1927, and was executive officer of the Byrd Antarctic Ex- pedition in 1934. After his withdrawal from active participation in polar expeditions, he continued a life-long interest in the field of Antarctic research.

17 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY COIACTION

ARGENTINA

Instituto Antartioo Argentino, Directivas para la Campana Antartioa do Invierno CIMIAA 1963 Destacamento Naval DecepcionBaGe Boigrano. Buenos Aires, Noviembre 1962, Ejemplar N°088, 14p.

Sohwerdtfeger, Werner, Meteorologia del Area del Pasaje Drake, Republica Argentina, Sooretaria do Marina, Servioio do Hidrografia Naval, Buenos Aires, 1962, 76p., tables, figures, Bibliography.

AUSTRALIA

Department of External Affairs, Monthly Newsletter from Davis,. November 1962, ip., mimeo.

Department of External Affairs, Monthly Newsletter from Mawson Covering November 1962. ip., mimeo.

Department of External Affairs, Monthly Newsletter from Wilkes Covering November, 1962. 2p., mimeo.

Law, Phillip, The Selection of Men for Antarctic Expeditions. Reprint, ANARE MDPS[6, World Health Organization Conference on Medicine and Public Health in the Arctic and Antarctic, Arctic Conf./Dooument No. 36, 28 August 1962, 8p., mimeo.

BELGIUM

Loodts, Jacques, Geodesie. Expedition Antarotique Beige 1957-1958, Re- sultats Scientifiques, 102p., figures, tables, map.

CANADA

Kerr, W.K., Bibliography of Canadian Reports in Aviation Medicine, 1939. 1945. Oct., 1962, 225p., plus Chronological List of Reports and Memoranda Submitted to Assooiate Cotnittee on Aviation Medical Re- search, Ottawa, Tune 1946, pp. 95-187.

Markle, D., Project Lookout III - Stratospheric Infrared Transmission from Airborne Solar Sp otra (U) Part 1. Canada Defence Research, Quebec, Aug., 1962, 29 p ., rigures.

JAPAN

Ishida, Tamotsu, Preliminary Report of Seismic Soundings along the Route to the Yamato Mountains. Reprint, Antarctic Record, No. 13, pp. 1082-1083, Oct. 31, 1961.

18 Kizaki, Kosh.tro, III Pre]4ininary Report of Geology of the Yamato Mountains. Reprint, Antarctic Record, No. 13, pp. 1081, Oct. 31, 1961, Report of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, lp.

Toni, Tetsuya, Preliminary Reports on a Traverse to the Yamato Mountains in 1960. Reprint, Antarctic Record, No. 13, pp. 1075-1076, Oct. 31, 1961, Report of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditior4.

Yoshida, Yoshio, II Preliminary Report on Geomorphologioal Survey of the Yamato Mountains, East Antarctica. Reprint, Antarctic Record, No. 13, pp. 1077-1080, Oct. 31, 1961, Report of the Japanese Ant- arctic Research Expedition, 6p., illus.

NEW ZEALAND

Adams, R.D., and D.A. Christoffel, Total Magnetic Field Surveys between New Zealand and the Ross Sea. Reprint, Journal of Geophysical Re- search, Vol. 67, No. 2, February 1962, pp . 805-813, illus.

Allen, A.D., and G.W. Gibson, Geological Investigations in Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Part 6 -- Outline of the Geology of the Viotnia Valley Region, Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 5, No. 2, May 1962, pp . 234-242, illus., maps.

Allen, A .D., Geological Investigations in Southern Victoria Land, Ant- arctica. Part 7 -- Formations of the Beacon Group in the Victoria Valley Region. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geo- physics, Vol. 5, No. 2, May 1962, pp . 278-294, illus., maps, charts, table.

Brodie, J.W., A Shallow Shelf Around Franklin Island in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 2, No. 1, Feb. 1959, pp . 108-119, illus. (New Zealand Ocean- ographic Institute Contribution No. 39.)

Brodie, J.W., and R.W. Burling, Age Determinations of Southern Ocean Waters. Reprint, Nature, Vol. 181, Jan. 11, 1958, pp . 107-108. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Contribution No. 31.)

Budd, G.M., Acclimatization to Cold in Antarctica as shown by Rectal Temperature Response to a Standard Cold Stress. Reprint, Nature, Vol. 193, No. 4818, p. 886.

Bull, C., and E. Irving, The Palaeomagnetism of some Hypabyssal In- trusive Rocks from South Victoria Land, Antarctica. Reprint, Geo- physical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1960, pp . 211-224, illus., map, tables. (Pub, of Dept. of Geology, Victoria Univ., Wellington, N. z.)

19 Bull, C., B.C. McKelvey, and P.N. Webb, Quaternary Glaciations in South- ern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Reprint, Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 4, No. 31, March 1962, pp. 63-78, illus., table.

Buflivant, J.S., An Oceanographic Survey of the Ross Sea. Reprint, Nature, Vol. 184, Aug. 8, 1959, pp . 422-423, illus., table.

Burling, R.W., and D.M. Garner, A Section of 14C Activities of Sea Water Between 9 0 S and 660 S in the South-West Pacific Ocean. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geohysios, Vol. 2, No. 4, Nov. 1959, pp . 799-824, illus., table. (New Zealand Oceanographic Insti- tute Contribution No. 77.)

Burling, R.W., Hydrology of Circumpolar Waters South of New Zealand. New Zealand Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bulletin 143, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 10, 65p., appendix, map.

Burling, R.W., New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Investigations in the Southern Ocean, Reprint, Science Review, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 22-. 26, illus.

Brown, J., C.L. Grant, P.C. Ugolini, and J.C.F. Tedrow, Mineral Composi- tion of Some Drainage Waters from Arctic Alaska. Reprint, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 67, No. 6, June 1962, pp . 2447-2453, tables.

Claridge, G.G.C., An Investigation of the Fine Fraction of Some Rook and Soil Materials from Antarctica. Reprint, New Zealand Journal,of Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, September 1961, pp . 489-492, table.

Clark, R.F1., Geological Work in Antarctic Dry Valleys, Reprint, Report of the International Geological Congress, XXI Session, Norden, 1960, (Part XXI., Other Subjects.) Copenhagen, 1960, pp . 105-1099 map, illus. (Pub, of Dept. of Geology, Victoria University, Welling- ton, New Zealand.)

Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Geophysics Division, Scott Base Observatory: Magnetic Results for International Geo- physical Year, 1957-58. Wellington, N.Z., 1961, 70p., tables.

Farkas, E., Springtime Temperature Changes in the Antarctic Stratosphere. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 4, No. 4, November 1961, pp . 372-386, illus. N.Z. Met. Service, Meteor- ological Office Note No. 50.)

Fell, H. Barraclough, The Fauna of the Ross Sea. Part 1: Ophiuroidea. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, 1961, 79p., illus., plates, photos. (N.Z.D.S.I.R. Bulletin 142; N.Z. Oceanographic Institute Memoir 18.)

20 Gadsden, M., The relative intensities of some nitrogen bands in aurora]. spectra. Reprint, Journal of Atffipheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 22, 1961, PP. 105-121, illus., tables. Gadsden, M., and K. Salmon, A note on the observations of twilight lithium emission made from Hallett Station. Reprint, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 22, 1961 9 pp. 75-78, illus.

Gilmour, A .E., Report of Oceanographic Work, New Zealand Antarctic Re- search Programme 1960-61. April 1961, charts, tables, mimeo.

Gregory, J.B., Ionospheric Reflections below 50 Kilometers during Polar- Cap Absorption Events. Reprint, 1Tournal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, No. 3, August 1961, pp. 2575-2577, illus.

Garner, D.M., The Antarctic Convergence South of New Zealand. Reprint, New Zealand Tourna1 of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 1958, pp. 577-594, illus., table, appendix. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Contribution No. 42.)

Gilmour, A.E., W.T.P. Macdonald, and F.G. Van der Hoeven, Ocean Currents in McMurdo Sound. Reprint, Nature, Vol. 187, No. 4740, Sept. 3, 1960 0 p. 867, table.

Harlen, G.A., Cruise Report: NXdEAVOUR, Antarctic, 1960/61. (Duration: 12 days), N.D., 2p., mimeo.

Hunt, P • J., Service on the Seventh Continent, Reprint, The Royal Engineers Journal, N.D., 1962, pp. 126-152, illus., sketch maps, annexes.

Hurley, D.E., Amphipoda Hyperiidea. Reprint, B.A.N.Z. Antarctic Re- search Expedition Reports, Series B. Vol. VIII, Part 5, p. 107- 114. Issued March 1960.

Hurley, D.E., Pelagic Hyperlidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) Collected by the Magga Dan Between Australia and Antarctica with Some Notes on Their Distribution. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, Sept. 1961, pp. 597-603, illus. (New Zealand Oceano- graphic Institute Contribution No. 91.)

McKelvey, B.C., and P.N. Webb, Geological Reconnaissance in Victoria Lard, Antarctica. Reprint, Nature, Vol. 189, No. 4764, Feb. 18, 1961, pp. 545-547, map, table. (Publication of Department of Geology, Victoria University, Wellington, N.z.)

McKelvey, B.C., and P.N. Webb, Geological Investigations in Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 5, No. 1, Feb. 1962, pp. 143-162, illus., maps, table. Part 3--Geology of Wright Valley.

21 Macdonald, W.J.P., and A.L. Burrows, Sea-Level Recordings at Scott Base, Antarctica, 1957. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophyse, Vol. 2, No. 2, May 1959, pp. 297-314, illus., tables, Miller, Richard Gordon, A Sketch History of Iohtyologioal Investigations of the Ross Sea. Reprint, Science Review, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 9-14. Miller, Richard Gordon, and John Reseok, Jr., Chionodraco rnarkhami, a New Antarctic Fish of the Family Chaeniohtyidae. Reprint, Copeia, No. 1, March 17, 1961, pp. 50-53, illus., tables. (Contribution of the N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, Wellington: Paper No. 5 of the Fisheries Lab., Long Beach State. College, and Foresta Institute Paper No. 3.)

Miller, Richard Gordon, Notothenloid Fishes from Cape Hallett and Ross Sea, Antarctica, Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, Sept. 1961, pp. 664-668, illus., table. (New Zealand Oceano- graphic Institute Contribution No. 102.)

Reseok, John, A Note on Fishes from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Reprint, Newi Zealand Journal of Science, Vol. 4, No. 1, March 1961, pp. 107-115, illus., tables.

Reid, Brian E., Cape Hallett: Bird Banding and Nest Marking Report, January 1959 - January 1960. Antarctic Division, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, N.Z., March 1961, 36p., illus., tables.

Ross Dependency Research Committee, Third Annual Report of the Ross Dependency Research Committee [1962]. Extract, Parliamentary Report of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, 1961, p. 83-87. Watts, S.C., Cruise Report: ENDEAVOUR, Antarctic, 1960/61 Return. (Duration: 10 days), N.D., lp., mimeo.

Willis, R.P., Some Methods of Obtaining Large Sea-Water Samples from Depth. Reprint, New Zealand Journal of Science, Vol. 2, No. 3, Sept. 1959, pp. 393..397, illus. (New Zealand Oceanographic Insti- tute Contribution No. 65.)

Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition. Report on the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (tV.U.w.A.E.1) 1960-61, August 1960 - August 1961, 13p., illus., mimeo.

York, A.G., Cruise Report: Wilhoite, Subantarotio, 1960. (Duration: 29. 11.60 to 20.12.60) N.D., 3p., appendix.

22 York, A.G., Cruise-Report: i1hoite, Subantarctic. 1961. (Duration 5.1.61 to 1.L617,M.D.1, 2p., mimeo.

NORWAY

Schumacher, N.J., Part I - Aerology. Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949-52, Scientific Results, Vol. 1, The Tropopause, Oslo, tables, pp. 99-123.

Schytt, Valter, Glaciology II: Blue Ice-Fields, Moraine Features and Glacier Fluctuations. Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo, 1961,. pp. 183- 204, illus., maps, plates. (Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949-52. Scientific Results, Vol. IV, E.)

SOUTH AFRICA

La Grange, 3.3., Notes on the Sea Surface Temperatures Between Cape Town and Norway Station, Dec. 1960/Jan. 1961. Notos, Pretoria, Vol. 10, 1961, pp. 121-122, illus.

La Grange, J•J,, Sea-Ice Observations in the South Atlantic Ocean during Summer 1960/61. Notos, Pretoria, Vol. 10, 1961, pp. 119-121.

La Grange, 3.3., and W.T. de Swardt, Some Meteorological Results Ob- tained by the First South African National Antarctic Expedition (1960). Reprint, News Letter (Weather Bureau), No. 153, Dec. 1961, pp . 194-198, tables.

Myberg, John, Site Inspection of Norway Base, Queen Maud Land, 1960-61 Occupied by the South African National Antarctic Expedition. [Re- port of South African observer.] N.D., 23p. plus drawings.

Taljaard, 3.5., Advances in Knowledge of Antarctic Topography, Ice and Meteorology since 1955. Extract from Republic of South Africa Weather Bureau News Letter, No. 161, Aug. 1962, 8p., figures.

SOVIET UNION

Academy of Sciences, Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research, The Antarctic: The Committee Reports, 1960. Moscow, 1961, 85p., illus., maps, bibliography.

Bugayev, B.A., The Effect of Antarctica on the Climate of the Southern Hemisphere. Translation of article (Vliyaniye Antarktidy na klimat yuzhnogo polushariya) from Meteorologiya i gidrologiya (Meteoro- logy and Hydrology [USSR)), No. 1, 1961, pp. 3-9.

Dubinin, A.I., The "Ob" , t Peter the First Island. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 23, 1960. 23 Koblents, Y. P., The Change in Location of the Lazarev Ice Shelf on the Charts. Trans]Ation from Inforamtion Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 24, 1960.

Koblents, Ya. P., "Vanishing" Ice. Translation from Information Bulle- tin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 20, 1960.

Koryakin, E.D., The Gravitational Gradient in Ii.itzow-Holm Bay. Trans- lation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedi- tion, No. 25, 1961, 3p., tables.

Maksinov, I.V., The Navigation of the Diesel Electric Ship "Ob" on the Princess Ragnhild Coast. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 6, 1959.

Maltsev, V.N., Investigation of the Approohes to Lazarev Southpolar Station. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 11, 1959.

Nudeirnan, A.V., Tractor-Sled Trip into the Antarctic Interior. English translation of pages 32-55, Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 1958- 1960. Translated by Peter Gribok, U.S. Geological Survey, 21p.

Ravioh, M.G., Geological Research of the Fourth Continental Expedition in Queen Maud Land in 1959. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 12, 1959.

Treshnikov, A.F., New Data Pertaining to Elevations in Eastern Antarctica. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Ex- pedition, No. 1, 1958.

USSR IGY World Data Centre B, Catalogue of publications received by WDC B between January and June 1962. Issue 7, 5p., contents in Russian, publications in English.

USSR World Data Centre B, Catalogue of publications received by WDC B between January and June 1962. Issue 7, Glaciology, Oceanography, 22p., [in English and Russian.]

Voronov, P.S., and U.A. Kruohinin, Notes on the Geophysical Character of the Area at the South Polar Station Lazarev. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 12, 1959, 4p.

Yeskin, L.I., and V.I. Bardin, Observation Notes: [1) On the Inaccessible Archipelago, [2] Ribbed Icebergs. Translation from Information Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, No. 23, 1960.

24 SWEDEN

Froctin, Bertil, Den okanda kontinenten. En Bok Om Antarktis, Bonniers, 245p., illus.

SWITZERLAND

La Depeche Polaire, bulletin dinformation no 1 de la Societe des Ex- plorateurs et Polaires Suisses. 6p., Decembre 1962, mimeo.

UNITED KBJGDOIV

Ashley, J,, A Magnetic Survey of North-East Trinity Peninsula, Graham Land. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, London, 1962, 35p., illus., tables, plates, maps. (Scientific Feports, No. 35.)

Black, H.P., New Type of Blizzard Mask, Reprint, The Polar Record, Vol. II, No. 71, May 1962, ip., illus.

Blundell, D.J., Palaeoznagrietio Investigations in the Falkland Islands Dependencies. British Antarctic Survey, London, 1962, 20p., tables, (Scientific Reports, No. 39.)

British Antarctic Survey, Programme of Work 1962/63. 19p., charts, map.

British National Committee on Antarctic Research. United Kingdom Pro- gress Report No. 3 to the I.C.S.U. Special Committee on Antarctic Research: Scientific Work Completed by the Falkland Islands De- pendències Survey in Antarctica During 1960 and Provisional Plans for 1962. (Submitted to the Fifth Meeting oX S.LC.A.R., Wellington, 9-14 Oct. 1961.) The Royal Society, London, July 1961, 28p.

Brown, H. R., and G. H. Taylor, Metamorphosed Coal from the Theron Mountains. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition Committee, London, 1960, lip., tables, diagram, plates, appendix. (Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955.4958. Scientific Reports, No. 12.)

Evans, S., Polar Ionospheric Spread Echoes and Radio Frequency Proper- ties of Ice Shelves. Reprint, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, No. 12, December 1961, pp. 4137-4141, illus., table.

Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, F.I.D.S. Summer Season Operations 1961/62. N.D., 8p., mimeo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, Programme for the RRS "John Biscoe", 29 Nov. 1961, 7p., mimeo.

Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, Final Disposition of Personnel - 1961. N.D., 3p., mimeo,

25 Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (Briish Antarctic Survey), Pro-. gramme of Work, 1961/62. N.D. [1961), 13p., map of FIDS bases.

The Falkland Islands Gazette, Vol. LXXI, No. 8, 2 March 1962.

Goldring, D.C., The Geology of the Loubet Coast, Graham Land. British Antarctic Survey, London, l96, 50p., plates, tables. (Scientific Reports, No. 36.)

Goldsmith, R., and W.J.L. Sladen, Temperature Regulation of Some Antarc- tic Penguins. Reprint, 3.Physiol., 157, 1961, pp. 251-262, illus.

Gunn, B .M., and Guyon Warren, Geology - 4. Geology of Victoria Land Between the Mawson and Mulock Glaciers, Antarctica. Trans-Antarc- tic Expedition Committee, London, 1962, 157p.,, illus., tables, map. (Scientific Reports, No. 11.)

Jensen, Martin, and Weis-Fogh T., Biology and Physics of Locust Flight V. Strength and Elasticity of Locust Cuticle. From Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B., Vol. 245, B.7211 4 Oct. 62.

Hawkes, D,D., The Geology of the South Shetland Islands. I. The Petrology of King George Island. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, Lon- don, 1961, 28.p., illus., tables, plates. (Scientific Reports, No. 26.)

Hawkes, D.D., The Geology of the South Shetland Islands. II. The Geology and Petrology of Deception Island. Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, London, 1961, 43p., illus., tables, plates, maps. (Scienti- fic Reports, No. 27.)

Holdgate, M.W., The Purposes of Photography on Scientific Expeditions. Reprint, Photographic Journal, December 1961, pp . 345-353. Hooper, P.R., The Petrology of Anvers Island and Adjacent Islands, Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, London, 1962, 69p., illus., tables, plates, (Scientific Reports, No. 34)

Law, Phillip, Australian Coastal Explorations in Antarctica, 1959, Reprint, The Geographical Journal, Vol. CXXVII, Part 4, December 1961, pp . 427-435, illus.

Law, Phillip, Iceberg Accumulations as Coastal Features in Antarctica. Reprint, The Polar Record, Vol. 10, No. 67, Jan. 1961, pp . 414-415. Law, Phillip, New ANAIE Landings in Australian Antarctic Territory 1960. Reprint, The Geographical Journal, Vol. CXXVIII, Part 2, June 1962, pp . 174-183, illus., tables.

/ Law, Phillip, Terminology for Antarctic Ice Features. Reprint, Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 3, No. 30, October 1961, pp. 1165-1167, illus.

Law, Phillip, The Edge of the Antarctic Continental Shelf. Reprint, The Polar Record, Vol. 10, No. 67, Jan. 1961, p. 415.

Lister, H., Glaciology. 1. Solid Precipitation and Drift Snow. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition Committee, London, 1960, Sip., tables, figures, plates. (Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958. Scientific Reports, No. 5.)

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27 ANTARCTIC CHRONOLOGY

13 Dec - USS ARNEB departed Port Lyttelton, N.Z. for Scott Island.

16 Dec The thirteenth C-1213 Antarctic turn-around flight was completed.

18 Dec - USNS MERBELL arrived in Port Lyttelton, N.Z. at 1800 hours.

19 Dec - Final Air Force C-124 redeployment to the U.S. departed Christ- church, N.Z. at 2300 hours.

19 Dec - USS TOMBIGBEE assigned to Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Ant.rctioa, at 1345 hours.

20 Dec - Eights Coast Traverse party departed Byrd Station.

21 Dec - The C-121J departed Christchurch, N.Z. for the United States.

22 Dec - Duties of Commander Task Group 43.1 (aboard USS STATEN ISLAND) shifted to Representative, Commander Naval Support Forces, Ant- arctica, at McMurdo Station at 0001 hours.

22 Dec - USNS MERflELL departed Port Lyttleton, N.Z. at 0001 hours.

22 Dec - McMurdo Station generator failure at ooirinunioatiop transmitter site reported.

22 Dec - A fire was reported in the overhead generator shack #1 at South Pole Station. It was secured after 15 minutes firefight- ing with only minor damage to overhead. Later, generator engine overheated, boiled over, and required half station power shutdown for one hour.

22 Dec - One LH-34D helicopter was totally destroyed by explosion and fire on the ground. One person received minor injuries.

24 Dec - Task Group 43.1 disolved and Task Unit 43.0.3 activated at 0600 hours.

25 Dec - USNS CHATTAH000HEE arrived in Port Lyttleton at 2000 hours.

25 Dec - The long-awaited break-up of ice in McMurdo Sound commenced at about 0800 hours as USCGC EASTWDAD and tJSS EDISTO started escorting USS ARNEB through the channel. The break-up extends to 770 12.5 1 S latitude, 1650 50 1 E longitude. Break-up of the ice resulted in the loss of approximately 14 miles of the northern end of the channel.

25 Dec - USNS MIRFAIC arrived Port Lyttleton, N.Z. at 2200 hours.

28 25 Dec - Hallett Station reported that, at 0915 hours, a fire destroyed the Jamesway hut containing the carpenter shop and damaged the adjacent Jamesway hut. No personnel injuries reported.

26 Dec - White-out condition, blowing snow, and zero visibility halted the Eights Coast Traverse Party.

27 Dec - USS AF1IEB arrived at McMurdo.

27 Dec - USS DURANT departed Ocean Station at 0001 hours for Port I4rttelton, N.Z.

28 Dec - USNS CHATTAH0OCF1E departed Port Lyttleton, N.Z. at 1800 hours enroute to McMurdo.

28 Dec - USCGC FASTWIND arrived at McMurdo.

28 Dec - USNS MERRELL arrived at Beaufort Island at 2112 hours.

29 Dec - TJSS DURANT arrived at Dunedin, N.Z. at 0100 hours.

29 Dec - USS GLACIER arrived at McMurdo at 0600 hours.

29 Dec - USS STATEN ISLAND arrived in Port Lyttleton, N.Z. at 2000 hours.

30 Dec - US000 EASTWIND departed channel at McMurdo Sound enroute to Hallett.

30 Dec - Eights Coast Traverse Party resumed travelling at 2300 hours after weather began clearing.

30 Dec.- USS ARNEB reported at McMurdo with a damaged screw. Three blades were asymmetrically bent and one blade tip was broken off while transiting ice.

31 Dec - USS GIACR lost two feet of one propellor blade while towing USS ARNEB.

31 Dec - USNS MIRFAK departed Port Lyttleton at 2230 hours. Her command was transferred to COMSTSPACAREA at that time.

1 Jan - USNS MERRELL moored at McMurdo ready for offloading of supplies.

1 Jan - USCGC EASTVIIND arrived, at Cape Hallett at 0030 hours.

2 Jan - tJSCGC EASTVIMD departed Cape Hallett enroute to rendezvous with USNS CHATTAH000FEE off Scott Island.

2 Jan - USS EDISTO rendezvoused with HMMZS ENDEAVOUR at 1605 hours and commenced escorting her to McMurdo Channel.

29 3 Jan - Eights Coast Traverse Party recorded advancing 52 miles in 11 hours 30 minutes,

3 Jan - HMNZS ENDEAVOUR moored to McMurdo ice shelf berth at 2100 hours. In position for offloading of supplies.

3 Jan - USCGC EASTWIND began escorting USNS CHATTAH000FIEE to McMurdo at 0605 hours.

4 Jan - The Palmer Peninsula Unit (CTU-43.1.1) and USARP personnel em- barked in USS STATEN ISLAND at 2123 hours.

4 Jan - Resumed flying of men and materials to Eights Station at 2032 hours. Fly-in delayed for five days due to weather after cargo was available,

4 Jan - USS STATEN ISLAND departed Port Iytt1eton, N.Z. at 2200 hours.

4 Jan USS DURANT departed Dunedin, N.Z. for Ocean Station.

5 Jan - USS DURANT arrived at Campbell Island at 2200 hours.

6 Jan - USS EDISTO rendezvoused with USCGO EASIWIND at 1145 hours and assisted her in escorting USNS CHATTAH000HEE into McMurdo Channel.

6 Jan - USS ARNEB cargo offloading and baokloading completed.

6 Jan - More ice broke off leaving McMurdo channel entrance in the vicinity of 77°29S/165041E,

7 Jan - tJ5S DURNAT arrived at Ocean Station at 0300 hours.

7 Jan - USCGC EASTWIND at McMurdo.

7 Jan - USNS CHATThH000HBIE at McMurdo.

8 Jan - U53 ARNEB, escorted by tJSCGC EASTRIND, departed McMurdo for Port Lyttelton, N.Z.

8 Jan - USS GLACIER reported all three blades on starboard screw one- third missing.

8 Jan - One LGPD-8 (Tractor) pulled into turning basin and was lost while assisting USS ARNEB turn-around, No personnel injured.

9 Jan - USCGC EASLMIND returned to McMurdo at 1830 hours after releasing USS ARNEB.

9 Jan - USS TOMBIGBEE departed Port Lyttelton, N.Z. enroute to McMurdo.