First Record of the Genus Limnohalacarus (Acari: Halacaridae) from Mexico
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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1131–1137 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Research note First record of the genus Limnohalacarus (Acari: Halacaridae) from Mexico Primer registro del género Limnohalacarus (Acari: Halacaridae) de México a,∗ b c Margarita Ojeda , Gerardo Rivas , Fernando Álvarez a Colección Nacional de Ácaros, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. Circuito exterior s/n, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico b Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico c Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-153, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico Received 12 January 2016; accepted 4 May 2016 Available online 10 August 2016 Abstract Limnohalacarus cultellatus Viets, 1940 was collected from an anchialine cave (Cenote Bang) in the Ox Bel Ha system located near Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. This species has been recorded from the Antilles, Brazil, Hungary, India, Madagascar, El Salvador and USA. The record presented here is the first one of the species for Mexico and the first record for an halacarid mite from continental waters in the country. A key to the species of Limnohalacarus is given as well as information about the variation shown by the organisms named under L. cultellatus. All Rights Reserved © 2016 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. This is an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. Keywords: Acari; Limnohalacarus; Anchialine; Quintana Roo; First record Resumen Limnohalacarus cultellatus Viets, 1940 fue recolectado en una cueva anquihalina (Cenote Bang) del sistema Ox Bel Ha localizado cerca de Tulum, Quintana Roo, México. La especie se conoce de las Antillas, Brasil, Hungría, India, Madagascar, El Salvador y EUA. El registro que se presenta es el primero de la especie para México y también el primer reporte de un halacárido en aguas continentales en el país. Se proporciona una clave para las especies conocidas del género y se aporta información sobre la variación que se observa en los organismos ubicados en L. cultellatus. Derechos Reservados © 2016 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Palabras clave: Acari; Limnohalacarus; Anquihalino; Quintana Roo; Primer registro Halacaridae are prostigmatid mites with more than 1,100 (MacQuitty, 1983, 1984; Rivas, 2006) and the latter 3 in the described species around the world (Bartsch, 2009), and as Caribbean Sea (Chatterjee & De Troch, 2001; Krantz, 1971). a group they are mainly known as the marine mites. Eight This family is mainly marine, occurring at depths ranging species of halacarids have been reported from Mexico: Agaue from the littoral zone to about 7,000 m (Bartsch, 1988); how- variabilis MacQuitty, Agauopsis filirostris MacQuitty, Copidog- ever, some 60 species can be found in continental and coastal nathus ilsebartschi MacQuitty, Halacarus newelli MacQuitty, fresh and brackish waters (Bartsch, 1996, 2008). In particu- Simognathus cramerae Rivas, Actacarus giganteus Krantz, lar, the subfamily Limnohalacarinae is composed of 5 genera: Copidognathus yucatanensis Chatterjee & De Troch, and C. uni- Hamohalacarus Walter, Himejacarus Imamura, Parasoldanel- custatus Bartsch; the former 5 are distributed along the Pacific lonyx Viets, Soldanellonyx Walter and Limnohalacarus Walter; all of them with species that inhabit continental waters. ∗ Particularly, the 13 species of Limnohalacarus have a Corresponding author. worldwide distribution, living in fresh to slightly brackish E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Ojeda). waters (Bartsch, 2013; Pepato & Costa, 2015): Limnohalacarus Peer Review under the responsibility of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. africanus Walter, L. australis Bartsch, L. capernaumi Petrova, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.016 1870-3453/All Rights Reserved © 2016 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. This is an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. 1132 M. Ojeda et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1131–1137 Table 1 Records and variation of the total body size and some of the plates of Limnohalacarus cultellatus. Distribution Habitat Length/width ratio References Idiosoma Gnathosoma AD OC PD AE GP Margarita, Curacao, Piped water, rivers 1.41 1.35 1.00 1.12 1.87 0.80 1.20 Viets (1940) Aruba and Bonaire and water in fissures Islands Andhara Pradesh, Brackish water, bay 1.37 1.42 1.13 1.10 1.92 0.58 1.12 Chatterjee and India near confluence of a Chang (2005) river Georgia and River 1.19 1.65 1.16 1.00 1.78 0.62 0.80 Bartsch (2011) Wisconsin, USA Northern Madagascar River, riffle 1.19 NA 1.10 1.10 1.70 NA NA Bartsch (2013) Rio Grande do Sul, Lake with salinity 1.47 1.28 1.01 1.06 1.53 0.60 0.71 Pepato and Brazil gradient (brackish to Costa (2015) freshwater) Yucatán Peninsula, Anchialine cave 1.34 1.36 1.13 1.53 1.83 0.57 1.17 Present study Mexico AD, anterior dorsal plate; AE, anterior epimeral plate; GP, genital plate; NA, not available; OC, ocular plate; PD, posterior dorsal plate. L. cultellatus Viets, L. dentatus Bartsch, L. fontinalis Walter microscope, cleared in lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer’s & Bader, L. inopinatus Fain & Lambrechts, L. lanae Green, medium. The illustrations and measurements in micrometers L. major Bader, L. mamillatus Fain & Lambrechts, L. novus (m), were made using a Nikon Optiphot-2 phase contrast Bartsch, L. portmanni Bader and L. wackeri (Walter). microscope. Microphotographs were obtained with an AxioCam Only 2 species of Limnohalacarinae have been reported from MRC5 camera using a Carl Zeiss AxioZoom V16 microscope. the Neotropics. The first one, L. cultellatus, originally described The specimen was collected under the scientific collector’s from the Antilles, has also published records from the northern license issued to F. Álvarez (FAUT 0104) by the Mexican envi- USA and El Salvador (Bartsch, 2011), the Caribbean region ronmental authority (Semarnat). The organism was deposited (Bartsch, 1984; Viets, 1940) and Brazil (Bartsch, 2011; Pepato & in the National Acarological Collection (CNAC) of the Insti- Costa, 2015). The second species, L. mamillatus, was described tute of Biology, UNAM, México City, with the catalog number from an aquarium in Belgium and has been recorded in Brazil CNAC009211. (Pepato & Costa, 2015). The abbreviations used in the diagnosis and redescription Regarding anchialine systems, only a few records of aquatic are: AD (anterior dorsal plate), AE (anterior epimeral plate), AP mites exist from caves in Bermuda (Bartsch & Iliffe, 1985). No (anal plate), ds (dorsal setae, from anterior to posterior: ds-1 to previous records of halacarids exist for the Yucatán Peninsula ds-5), P-2 to P-4 (second to fourth palpal segment), GA (geni- in Mexico, where large anchialine systems with hundreds of toanal plate), (famulus), gac (genital acetabula), glp (dorsal or kilometers of flooded passages have developed. The typical taxa lateral gland pores, from anterior to posterior: glp-1 to glp-5), occurring in the anchialine systems of Yucatán are crustaceans: GP (genital plate), GO (genital opening), OC (ocular plate), pas remipedes, amphipods, isopods, ostracods, thermosbaenaceans, (parambulacral seta), PD (posterior dorsal plate), PE (posterior and caridean shrimps (Álvarez, Iliffe, Benitez, Brankovits, & epimeral plate), pgs (perigenital setae), sgs (subgenital setae), Villalobos, 2015). (solenidium), legs (numbered I to IV). Segments, from distal We herein present a new record of Limnohalacarus cultella- to proximal region are: tarsus, tibia, genu, telofemur, basifemur, tus from Cenote Bang which is part of the Ox Bel Ha system, and trochanter. The chaetotaxy formulas exclude the solenidia, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The samples of L. cultellatus, famuli and parambulacral setae from the trochanter to the tar- obtained in 2013 are the first for Mexico and also the first from sus. The number of bipectinate spines is given in parentheses. an anchialine habitat. The morphological variations observed Lengths of leg segments are measured along their dorsal margin. relative to the original description are presented (Table 1), and Measurements are expressed in micrometers (m). an identification key for females of all the species of Limnoha- lacarus is included. Complementary description The Ox Bel Ha system develops just to the south of the town of Classification follows Krantz & Walter, 2009: 98–100. Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico (Fig. 1). Cenote Bang is located Subclass Acari Leach, 1817 in the innermost section of the system about 12 km from the Superorder Acariformes Zakhvatkin, 1952 shore. Around Cenote Bang the submerged galleries develop at Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909 an average depth of 18 m and the halocline is present at a depth Superfamily Halacaroidea Cunliffe, 1955 ranging from 18 to 21 m. Family Halacaridae Murray, 1877 Samples were obtained with a plankton net (300 m) from Subfamily Limnohalacarinae Viets, 1927 0 to 8 m in the cenote. The contents were preserved in 70% Genus Limnohalacarus Walter, 1917 ethanol. At the laboratory, mites were sorted under a stereoscopic Limnohalacarus cultellatus Viets, 1940 M. Ojeda et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 1131–1137 1133 –92º –90º –88º –86º 22º 22º Dos Ojos 0 5 km Gulf of Mexico Xel Ha HG Yucatan Peninsula Conquistador Mexico Nohoch Nah Chich 20º 20º Tortuga Aktun Ha Casa Cenote Sac Aktun N CV Cenote Bang Abejas Caribbean Esqueloto 18º Sea 18º Laguna La Union TULUM Guatemala Naranjal Belize Ox Bel Ha Laguna Chumkopo 16º 16º Angelita Honduras Yaxchen –92º –90º –88º –86º km Site of collection 0 50 100 Figure 1. Map showing sampling site, Cenote Bang, in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Material examined. One female (CNAC 009211), Cenote middle toward the front (Fig.