Morocco and Tunisia
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Arabic for Dummies Nada Shaath
Arabic for Dummies Nada Shaath Bell High School Bell, California 2007- 2008 What is the Arabic Language? An alphabetical Language with 28 letters Has its own alphabetical characters Of Semitic origin (root) Spoken by about 186 million people in 28 countries Considered a very difficult language due to its vast vocabulary and special grammatical characteristics Can be classified into 3 forms: Classical Arabic Modem Standard Arabic Local dialects Hello ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ The root of Arabic (Greetings (Peace be upon you اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ Arabic alphabet Arabic alphabet Arabic alphabet: History The Arabic alphabet was used to write the Nabataean dialect of Aramaic, The first known text in the Arabic alphabet is a late fourth-century inscription from Jabal Ramm (50 km east of Aqaba), but the first dated one is a trilingual inscription at Zebed in Syria from 512. The epigraphic record is extremely sparse, with only five certainly pre- Islamic Arabic inscriptions surviving, though some others may be pre- Islamic. Good morning ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﺨﻴﺮ Arabic alphabet: Structure 28 basic letters and Is written from right to left. There is no difference between written and printed letters The writing is unicase (i.e. the concept of upper and lower case letters does not exist). Most of the letters are attached to one another. The Arabic alphabet is an impure abjad (Good day (evening ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﻴﺮ “Dots” in the Arabic alphabet Arabs relied on their extensive knowledge of their language to distinguish one letter from another having the same shape. Later “Dots” were added above and below the letters to differentiate them The first surviving document that definitely uses these dots is also the first surviving Arabic papyrus, dated April 643. -
900 History, Geography, and Auxiliary Disciplines
900 900 History, geography, and auxiliary disciplines Class here social situations and conditions; general political history; military, diplomatic, political, economic, social, welfare aspects of specific wars Class interdisciplinary works on ancient world, on specific continents, countries, localities in 930–990. Class history and geographic treatment of a specific subject with the subject, plus notation 09 from Table 1, e.g., history and geographic treatment of natural sciences 509, of economic situations and conditions 330.9, of purely political situations and conditions 320.9, history of military science 355.009 See also 303.49 for future history (projected events other than travel) See Manual at 900 SUMMARY 900.1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901–909 Standard subdivisions of history, collected accounts of events, world history 910 Geography and travel 920 Biography, genealogy, insignia 930 History of ancient world to ca. 499 940 History of Europe 950 History of Asia 960 History of Africa 970 History of North America 980 History of South America 990 History of Australasia, Pacific Ocean islands, Atlantic Ocean islands, Arctic islands, Antarctica, extraterrestrial worlds .1–.9 Standard subdivisions of history and geography 901 Philosophy and theory of history 902 Miscellany of history .2 Illustrations, models, miniatures Do not use for maps, plans, diagrams; class in 911 903 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances of history 901 904 Dewey Decimal Classification 904 904 Collected accounts of events Including events of natural origin; events induced by human activity Class here adventure Class collections limited to a specific period, collections limited to a specific area or region but not limited by continent, country, locality in 909; class travel in 910; class collections limited to a specific continent, country, locality in 930–990. -
The Question of 'Race' in the Pre-Colonial Southern Sahara
The Question of ‘Race’ in the Pre-colonial Southern Sahara BRUCE S. HALL One of the principle issues that divide people in the southern margins of the Sahara Desert is the issue of ‘race.’ Each of the countries that share this region, from Mauritania to Sudan, has experienced civil violence with racial overtones since achieving independence from colonial rule in the 1950s and 1960s. Today’s crisis in Western Sudan is only the latest example. However, very little academic attention has been paid to the issue of ‘race’ in the region, in large part because southern Saharan racial discourses do not correspond directly to the idea of ‘race’ in the West. For the outsider, local racial distinctions are often difficult to discern because somatic difference is not the only, and certainly not the most important, basis for racial identities. In this article, I focus on the development of pre-colonial ideas about ‘race’ in the Hodh, Azawad, and Niger Bend, which today are in Northern Mali and Western Mauritania. The article examines the evolving relationship between North and West Africans along this Sahelian borderland using the writings of Arab travellers, local chroniclers, as well as several specific documents that address the issue of the legitimacy of enslavement of different West African groups. Using primarily the Arabic writings of the Kunta, a politically ascendant Arab group in the area, the paper explores the extent to which discourses of ‘race’ served growing nomadic power. My argument is that during the nineteenth century, honorable lineages and genealogies came to play an increasingly important role as ideological buttresses to struggles for power amongst nomadic groups and in legitimising domination over sedentary communities. -
Early Colonial History Four of Seven
Early Colonial History Four of Seven Marianas History Conference Early Colonial History Guampedia.com This publication was produced by the Guampedia Foundation ⓒ2012 Guampedia Foundation, Inc. UOG Station Mangilao, Guam 96923 www.guampedia.com Table of Contents Early Colonial History Windfalls in Micronesia: Carolinians' environmental history in the Marianas ...................................................................................................1 By Rebecca Hofmann “Casa Real”: A Lost Church On Guam* .................................................13 By Andrea Jalandoni Magellan and San Vitores: Heroes or Madmen? ....................................25 By Donald Shuster, PhD Traditional Chamorro Farming Innovations during the Spanish and Philippine Contact Period on Northern Guam* ....................................31 By Boyd Dixon and Richard Schaefer and Todd McCurdy Islands in the Stream of Empire: Spain’s ‘Reformed’ Imperial Policy and the First Proposals to Colonize the Mariana Islands, 1565-1569 ....41 By Frank Quimby José de Quiroga y Losada: Conquest of the Marianas ...........................63 By Nicholas Goetzfridt, PhD. 19th Century Society in Agaña: Don Francisco Tudela, 1805-1856, Sargento Mayor of the Mariana Islands’ Garrison, 1841-1847, Retired on Guam, 1848-1856 ...............................................................................83 By Omaira Brunal-Perry Windfalls in Micronesia: Carolinians' environmental history in the Marianas By Rebecca Hofmann Research fellow in the project: 'Climates of Migration: -
The Islamist Movement in Morocco. Main Actors and Regime Responses
DIIS REPORT 2010:05 DIIS REPORT THE ISLAMIST MOVEMENT IN MOROCCO MAIN ACTORS AND REGIME RESPONSES Julie E. Pruzan-Jørgensen DIIS REPORT 2010:05 DIIS REPORT DIIS . DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 DIIS REPORT 2010:05 © Copenhagen 2010 Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Strandgade 56, DK-1401 Copenhagen, Denmark Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Cover Design: Anine Kristensen Cover Photo: Polfoto.dk Layout: Allan Lind Jørgensen Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi AS ISBN 978-87-7605-378-9 Price: DKK 50.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk Hardcopies can be ordered at www.diis.dk The report was commissioned by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but its findings and conclusions are entirely the responsibility of the author. Julie E. Pruzan-Jørgensen, Project Researcher, Religion, Conflict and International Politics, DIIS 2 DIIS REPORT 2010:05 Contents Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Religion and Politics in Morocco 6 The Islamist Movement in Morocco 8 Developments within MUR/PJD 11 Developments within Justice and Spirituality 15 Regime Responses: Reforms and Repression 19 Future Scenarios 24 Literature 26 3 DIIS REPORT 2010:05 Abstract Morocco’s formally accepted Islamist party, the Justice and Development Party (PJD), has further underlined its recognition of the authoritarian regime in response to a disappointing electoral showing and tough competition from the new Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM). In contrast, the forbidden, although tolerated, Justice and Spirituality Movement (Al Adl wal Ihsan) retains its principled oppositional role. -
NH Final Thesis
SOCIAL MARKETING AND THE CORRUPTION CONUNDRUM IN MOROCCO: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS N. HAMELIN Ph.D. 2016 i SOCIAL MARKETING AND THE CORRUPTION CONUNDRUM IN MOROCCO: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS NICOLAS HAMELIN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of East London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February, 2016 ii Abstract The modern world is characterised by socio-economic disruptions, civil unrests, and weakening of many societal institutions, amongst many other challenges to our social fabric. Therefore, scholars are increasingly scouring a wide variety of conceptual prisms to seek explanations and possible solutions to those problems contemporaneously manifesting themselves. The pervading force of corruption, across the globe, remains a major concern among nations, multilateral agencies, such as Transparency International, and more profoundly in major business and public policy discourses. For many developing countries, especially those with weak institutions, high levels of corruption are causatively associated with high levels of poverty, poor economic performance and under-development. Against this background, using the Kingdom of Morocco as a contextual base, this thesis explores the growing incidence of corruption, which has stunted the nation’s positive development, as well as its triggers, antecedents and consequences. Whilst the literature is replete with treatments of corruption across time and space, such treatments have focused on social and macroeconomic underpinnings but largely lack rigorous marketing-framed explorations. Following on from this lacuna, this thesis situates the treatment of corruption in Morocco within the conceptual frame of social marketing — a demonstrably robust platform for analysing societal issues and, indeed, a validated behavioural intervention model. -
36687838.Pdf
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Oregon Scholars' Bank AVOIDING THE ARAB SPRING? THE POLITICS OF LEGITIMACY IN KING MOHAMMED VI’S MOROCCO by MARGARET J. ABNEY A THESIS Presented to the Department of Political Science and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2013 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Margaret J. Abney Title: Avoiding the Arab Spring? The Politics of Legitimacy in King Mohammed VI’s Morocco This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of Political Science by: Craig Parsons Chairperson Karrie Koesel Member Tuong Vu Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2013 ii © 2013 Margaret J. Abney iii THESIS ABSTRACT Margaret J. Abney Master of Arts Department of Political Science June 2013 Title: Avoiding the Arab Spring? The Politics of Legitimacy in King Mohammed VI’s Morocco During the 2011 Arab Spring protests, the Presidents of Egypt and Tunisia lost their seats as a result of popular protests. While protests occurred in Morocco during the same time, King Mohammed VI maintained his throne. I argue that the Moroccan king was able to maintain his power because of factors that he has because he is a king. These benefits, including dual religious and political legitimacy, additional control over the military, and a political situation that make King Mohammed the center of the Moroccan political sphere, are not available to the region’s presidents. -
Jehovah's Witnesses
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: MAR32111 Country: Morocco Date: 27 August 2007 Keywords: Morocco – Christians – Catholics – Jehovah’s Witnesses – French language This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. What is the view of the Moroccan authorities to Catholicism and Christianity (generally)? Have there been incidents of mistreatment because of non-Muslim religious belief? 2. In what way has the attitude of the authorities to Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christians changed (if it has) from 1990 to 2007? 3. Is there any evidence of discrimination against non-French speakers? RESPONSE 1. What is the view of the Moroccan authorities to Catholicism and Christianity (generally)? Have there been incidents of mistreatment because of non-Muslim religious belief? Sources report that foreigners openly practice Christianity in Morocco while Moroccan Christian converts practice their faith in secret. Moroccan Christian converts face social ostracism and short periods of questioning or detention by the authorities. Proselytism is illegal in Morocco; however, voluntary conversion is legal. The information provided in response to these questions has been organised into the following two sections: • Foreign Christian Communities in Morocco; and • Moroccan Christians. -
Edward P. Ksara San Antonio, Texas Tangier, Morocco Grace Ballenger Ioana Popescu Shanghai,China Bucharest, Romania
My Life Story Ed Ksara Brandy Gerhardt, Storykeeper Acknowledgements The Ethnic Life Stories Project continues to emulate the vibrant diversity of the Springfield community. So much is owed to the many individuals from Drury University-Diversity Center, Southwest Missouri State University, Forest Institute, Springfield Public School System, Springfield/Greene County Libraries, and Southwest Missouri Office on Aging who bestowed their talents, their words of encouragement, their generosity of time and contributions in support of this unique opportunity to enrich our community. The resolve and commitment of both the Story Tellers and Story Keepers fashioned the integral foundation of this creative accomplishment. We express our tremendous admiration to the Story Tellers who shared their private and innermost thoughts and memories; some suffering extreme hard-ship and chaos, disappointment and grief before arriving here and achieving the great task of adjusting and assimilating into a different culture. We recognize your work and diligence in your life achievement, not only by keeping your families together, but by sharing, contributing and at the same time enriching our lives and community. We salute you! Special acknowledgement to: Rosalina Hollinger, Editing and layout design Mark Hollinger, Photography Jim Coomb, Mapmaker Idell Lewis, Editing and revision Angie Keller, Susy Mostrom, Teresa Van Slyke, and Sean Kimbell, Translation Heartfelt thanks to Kay Lowder who was responsible for organization and assembly of the stories. Jim Mauldin -
Psychiatric Healthcare in Morocco: Affordability and Accessibility for Lower
Psychiatric Healthcare in Morocco: Affordability and Accessibility for Lower- Class Moroccans By: Julia Milks Humanities and Arts Course Sequence: AB 2542, Culture of Arabic Speaking Countries, D19 AB 1531, Elementary Arabic I, A19 AB 1532, Elementary Arabic II, B19 HU 2999, Moroccan Arabic, C20 HU 3999, Moroccan Film in Context, C20 Presented to: Professor Rebecca Moody Department of Humanities & Arts C20 HU 3900 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Humanities & Arts Requirement Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, Massachusetts 2 Abstract The Moroccan healthcare system is severely lacking in finances, staff, and resources for psychiatric care. In this paper, I aim to show the lack of accessibility and affordability of psychiatric care for lower-class Moroccans. I conducted interviews at Ibn Al Hassan Mental Hospital in Fes, Morocco that helped me determine that psychiatric care in public hospitals is lower quality due to the lack of resources and funding dedicated to the system, rather than incompetent medical professionals. 3 Introduction In Morocco, the first response is ‘she’s possessed.’ In the U.S., ‘she’s faking it for attention.’ Mental health is a stigmatized topic that brings many layers of shame, confusion, and negativity onto the sufferer. In this paper, I will focus on mental health1 in Morocco, although this problem is not specific to Morocco, the U.S., or any country: it is prevalent everywhere. Morocco severely lacks the tools and manpower needed to administer proper psychiatric care to the millions of people who need it.2 This problem is especially apparent in rural and poor areas. In this paper, I will argue that Moroccans of a lower socioeconomic class receive lower quality psychiatric healthcare due to the limited affordability and access to medications and hospitals; I will draw on my observations of one psychiatric hospital in Fes. -
Religious Pluralism in the Middle East
2017 Religious Pluralism in the Middle East REPORT III -2017 CENTER FOR RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST- CRPME Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the Report lies entirely with the authors, the Research Team of the CRPME and do not necessarily reflect nor express the views of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece. ii Contents: Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Syria ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Christians ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Druze .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Shia .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Jordan .............................................................................................................................................................. 12 Education .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Freedom of speech .................................................................................................................................... -
Eastern Aspects of Kazakh International Literary Relations
Eastern Aspects of Kazakh International Literary Relations Mukhidin Salkynbayev* Sapashov Oraz** Kunduzay Aubakirova*** Abstract The comprehension of Kazakh-Arabic cultural and literary relations creates conditions for the expansion and development of our art of speech and the tradition of Kazakh-Arabic cultural relation which has continued from the ancient times up to the present day from the theoretical-scholarly point of view. We can notice the interconnection that has brittlely but been tightly embroidered by the brilliant, Eastern literary masterpieces in the samples of Kazakh oral literature, poems of orators and in the works of Abay, Ybyray, Shakarim, Mashhur Jusip. For instance, the issue of love in the many Arabic ethnical poems and epic poems like “Arabian Nights”, “Layla and Majnun”, “Yusuf and Zliha”, “Sefulmalik” were known among Kazakh people in past. While reviewing the history of development and origin of the Kazakh-Arabic literary relation, the purely Arabic motives were determined between tendencies in works of Kazakh illuminators as Ybyrai Altynsarin and Abay Qunanbayev, which were related as “Eastern”, and their effect were indicated in this article. We found the origin of fables in Kazakh poet’s works with the aim to determine the genesis of the genre of fables in Kazakh literature from Arabic literature. Indisputably, the relevancy of this research work is by proving with certain examples, while comprehending its’ structural and thematically-linked interconnection, the adoption of many fables from Arabic language texts which were previously considered to be the translations of I.Krylov’s works. The positions which had been named “eastern tendencies” until the present were concretized and the influence of classical Arabic literature on Kazakh literature was analyzed from the new theoretical-scholarly basis in this research article.