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Year Book No m-^ 'viSrJ :-,..•, 'i;s; lii'''".',"-!: CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON YEi^R BOOK No. 5 1906 PUBLISHED BY THE INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, U. S. A. JANUARY, 1907 ^ PRESS OF JUDD & DETWEILER, INC. WASHINGTON, D. C. 33L OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1907 President of the InstitiUion Robert S. Woodward Trustees John S. Billings, Chairman Elihu Root, Vice-Chainnan Cleveland H. Dodge, Secretary John S. Billings Chas. L. Hutchinson Elihu Root John L,. Cadwalader William Lindsay William H. Taft Cleveland H. Dodge Seth Low Charles D. Walcott William N. Frew D, O. Mills William H. Welch I/YMAN J. Gage S. Weir Mitchell Andrew D. White Daniel C. Oilman William W. Morrow Robert S. Woodward Henry L. Higginson Henry S. Pritchett Carroll D. Wright E. A. Hitchcock Exectdive Committee Carroll D. Wright, Chairman *JoHN S. Billings S. Weir Mitchell * Robert S. Woodward * Cleveland H. Dodge Elihu Root Carroll D. Wright Daniel C. Oilman Charles D. Walcott Finance Coinviittee D. O. Mills Henry L. Higginson Seth Low * Ex-ofScio member. CONTENTS. Page Articles of Incorporation I By-Laws of the Institution 5 Minutes of the fourth meeting of the Board of Trustees 9-12 Memorial in regard to the death of Prof. Samuel P. Langley 13 Report of the President of the Institution 15-37 Resume of work of the year 21 Report of the Executive Committee 39-52 Cash and financial statements 42-43 Research Associates and Assistants 44 Bibliography of publications relating to work accomplished by Grantees and Associates 45-52 Reports on Investigations and Projects 53-251 Anthropology : Jones, William 55 Dorsey, George A 55 Archeology : American School of Classical Studies at Athens 56 American School of Classical Studies in Rome 56 Brigham, William T 58 Miiller, W. Max 59 Pumpelly, Raphael . 59 Ward, William H 59 Astronomy : Hale, George E 60-86 Campbell, W. M 86 Newcomb, Simon 88 Russell, Henry N 89 Bibliography : Eames, Wilberforce 90 Weeks, F. B 90 Fletcher, Robert 91 Biology, Experimental : Davenport, Charles B 92-105 ShuU, George H 98 . Lutz, F. E. , 100 Lutz, Anne M , loi Johnson, Roswell H 102 Transeau, E.N 105 Moeukhaus, W. J 105 Stevens, N. M 105 Biology, Marine : Mayer, A. G 106-118 Brooks, W. K 109 Kellner, Carl no Dahlgren, Ulric m Edmondson, C. H m Linton, Edwin 112-117 V : : : : VI CONTENTS. Botanical Research (Department of) : Page MacDougal, D. T Ii9-i35 Botany : Burbank, Luther 136 Blakeslee, Albert F 136 Olive, Edgar W 138 Swingle, Walter T 138 Chemistry : Acree, Solomon F 140 Bancroft, Wilder D . 141 Baskerville, Charles 141 Baxter, Gregory P 147 Jones, Harry C 149 Morse, H. N 150 Noyes, Arthur A 153 Richards, Theodore W 154 Economics and Sociology Wright, Carroll D 15S-163 Engineering : Durand, F. W 164 Goss, W. F. M 164 Geology Chamberlin, T. C 166-172 Willis, Bailey 172 Washington, Henry S 172 Geophysical Research : Adams, Frank D 1 74 Becker, George F 175 Day, Arthur L I77 Historical Research ( Department of) : Jameson, J. Franklin 186-201 History Ferguson, W. S 202 Haskins, Charles H 202 Wright, James M . 202 Literature : Sommer, H. Oskar. ... 203 Mathematics : Lehmer, D.N , 203 Meridian Astrometry : Boss, Lewis 204-2 r i Meteorology : Bjerknes, V., and J. W. Sandstrom 212 Nutrition : Benedict, Francis G 212 Chittenden, Russell H 213 Mendel, Lafayette B 213 Osborne, Thomas B 214-219 Paleontology : Hay, O. P 220 Philology Fliigel, Ewald 220 : CONTENTS. VII Phonetics Page Scripture, E. W 221 Physics : Barnett, S. J 222 Barus, Carl 222 Burgess, Charles F 224 Campbell, William 226 Carhart, Henry S 226 Franklin, W. S., and 1,. A. Freudenberger 227 Lewis, E. Percival ....... 227 Nichols, Edward L, 228 Wood, Robert W 230 Zahm, Albert F 233 Psychology : Farrar, Clarence B 234 Franz, Shepherd I 235 Terrestrial Magnetism : Bauer, L,. A 236-242 Zoology : Castle, W. E., and E. L. Mark 243 Crampton, Henry E 244 Duerden, James E 245 Howard, L,. O 245 Mark, E. L 246 Morse, Albert P 246 Naples Zoological Station 247 Pearl, Raymond 247 Tower, William L, 249 Wilson, Edmund B 250 Yatsu, N 251 VIII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page Pirate i. Spectroscopic Laboratory, MountWilson. Mount Wilson from Mount Harvard 60 2. 60-inch Mirror Turned Down for Testing. Interior of Spectroscopic Laboratory, 68 3. Pasadena Office and Erecting Building. Lower Part of Completed Road 84 4. View across Cold Spring Valley looking Southeastward 96 ' 5. Near View of Part of the West Experimental Gardens. View of ' North Lot " 100 6. Interior View in Main Building. Interior of Propagating House 104 7. The Physalia at the Dock of the Tortugas Laboratory. View of the Main Laboratory Building from the North 108 8. Reservation and Vicinity of the Desert Botanical Laboratory of Tucson, Arizona 120 9. View of Desert Laboratory from West. Site of Austral Plantation on Cathedral Rock, Santa Catalina Mountains 124 10. Area Denuded for the Purpose of Making Exact Observations on the Movements of Desert Plants in its Reoccupation. Ancient Beach Line of Salton Sea 128 128 11. Margin of Salton Sea near Travertine Point, May 22, 1906. 12. Stages in Stomatal Action ... 132 13. View of Galilee, showing Special Observing Bridge and Instruments used in Observations. The Galilee at San Diego, California, Feb- ruary 22, 1906 236 — ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. The Carnegie Institution was originally organized under the law governing" the organization of corporations in the District of Columbia. Owing to cer- tain limitations in the law, the Trustees deemed it desirable to obtain articles of incorporation from the Congress. Accordingly, articles of incorporation were prepared, submitted to the Congress, amended by the Congress, and enacted into statute by the Congress and the signature of the President. Organization under the new articles of incorporation was effected on May 1 8, 1904. Resolutions were passed electing the same Executive Committee and officers as those of the Carnegie Institution organized in 1902 and con- tinuing all instructions and authorizations given to the Executive Committee bv the old orgranization. Public No. 260. —An Act To incorporate the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Be it enacted by the Senate and Honse of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the persons following, being persons who are now trustees of the Carnegie Institution, namely, Alexander Agassiz, John S. Billings, John E. Cadwalader, Cleveland H. Dodge, William Hay, Henry L. Higginson, N. Frew, Lyman J. Gage, Daniel C. Oilman, John William Wirt Howe, Charles E. Hutchinson, Samuel P. Langley, William Lindsay, Seth Low, Wayne MacVeagh, Darius O. Mills, S. Weir Mitchell, William W. Morrow, Ethan A. Hitchcock, Elihu Root, John C. Spooner, Andrew D. White, Charles D. Walcott, Carroll D. Wright, their associates and successors, duly chosen, are hereby incorporated and declared to be a body corporate by the name of the Carnegie Institution of Washington and by that name shall be known and have perpetual succession, with the powers, limitations, and restrictions herein contained. Se;c. 2. That the objects of the corporation shall be to encourage, in the broadest and most liberal manner, investigation, research, and discovery, and the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind; and in par- ticular (a) To conduct, endow, and assist investigation in any department of science, literature, or art, and to this end to cooperate with governments, uni- versities, colleges, technical schools, learned societies, and individuals. (b) To appoint committees of experts to direct special lines of research. (c) To publish and distribute documents. (d) To conduct lectures, hold meetings, and acquire and maintain a librarv. 2 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. (e) To purchase such property, real or personal, and construct such build- ing or buildings as may be necessary to carry on the work of the corporation. (f) In general, to do and perform all things necessary to promote the objects of the Institution, with full power, however, to the trustees herein- after appointed and their successors from time to time to modify the condi- tions and regulations under which the work shall be carried on, so as to secure the application of the funds in the manner best adapted to the condi- tions of the time, provided that the objects of the corporation shall at all times be among the foregoing or kindred thereto. Sec. 3. That the direction and management of the affairs of the corpora- tion and the control and disposal of its property and funds shall be vested in a board of trustees, twenty-two in number, to be composed of the following individuals : Alexander Agassiz, John S. Billings, John L. Cadwalader, Cleveland H. Dodge, William N. Frew, Lyman J. Gage, Daniel C. Oilman, John Hay, Henry L. Higginson, William Wirt Howe, Charles L. Hutchinson, Samuel P. Langley, William Lindsay, Seth Low, Wayne MacVeagh, Darius O. Mills, S. Weir Mitchell, William W. Morrow, Ethan A. Hitchcock, Elihu Root, John C. Spooner, Andrew D. White, Charles D. Walcott, Carroll D. Wright, who shall constitute the first board of trustees. The board of trus- tees shall have power from time to time to increase its membership to not more than twenty-seven members. Vacancies occasioned by death, resig- nation, or otherwise shall be filled by the remaining trustees in such manner as the by-laws shall prescribe ; and the persons so elected shall thereupon become trustees and also members of the said corporation. The principal place of business of the said corporation shall be the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia.
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