Okanogan and Wenatchee National ForestsFor ests

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INSIDE Salmon Festival Tracking Wolverines Tripod Fire Rehabilitation New Interagency Pass Program Fire and Beetles Change the Forest Easy Trails and Hiking for the Novice Assist the Recreation Site Planning Process Skiing and Mountain Biking Fun at Echo Ridge Help with the Planning on Where You Can Use a Motor Vehicle And Much More News and Information About Your Local National Forests

Cascade Lookout 2007 A Publication of the U.S. Forest Service Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests his edition of the Cascade Lookout A soon to occur event will A Note from newspaper is full of articles about past be my retirement in June, Tprojects, current recreation opportunities, 2007. After 40 years with the and planned events that will be occurring in the Forest Service I felt that it the Retiring Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. was time to retire. It has been You can read articles about noxious weeds, tree a privilege to work with the Forest Supervisor diseases, fi res, and more. Th ese brief stories help fi ne men and women of the us understand past and present events that have Forest Service, and an honor shaped the forests into what they are today. to represent the citizens who own these wonderful A recent event is the Tripod Fire. Th is 175,000- national forests. My replacement as Forest acre blaze was the largest fi re that has burned on Supervisor will be Becki Heath, an experienced the two forests since their establishment almost Forest Supervisor with a strong commitment to 100 years ago. Th e lightning-caused Tripod Fire public service. burned for most of last summer on the Methow I’m excited about moving on to another stage Valley and Tonasket Ranger Districts. Th e of life with my wife Pat. I’ll be seeing you out in duration and complexity of this fi re was due to the the woods as I enjoy my retirement hunting and condition of the forest fuels—predominately dead fi shing in the beautiful Okanogan and Wenatchee spruce trees killed by insect infestations. Th ere is National Forests! I hope you enjoy this edition of more information about the Tripod fi re and insect the Cascade Lookout! — Jim infestation on page 5.

Th is issue of the Cascade Lookout is dedicated to Paul Hart, Public Aff airs Offi cer for the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. Paul is retiring from the Forest Service James L. Boynton in August 2007 after 30 years of public service. Th e publication of this newspaper for the past eleven years is due in large part to his eff orts. Th ank you from all of us, Paul.

he new Supervisor of the 4.1 million Her early years with the Forest Service were The New Forest acre Okanogan and Wenatchee National spent on the Mount Hood, Ochoco, and Umatilla TForests will be Becki Lockett Heath, cur- National Forests in Oregon and included positions rent Supervisor of the Gallatin National Forest in in timber management and silviculture. Supervisor Montana. She served as Leavenworth District Ranger Th e assignment will be a homecoming for from 1990 until 1999. While at Leavenworth, by Paul Hart Heath, who served as Leavenworth District Heath gave special attention to watershed analysis Ranger on the Wenatchee National Forest in the and restoration, natural resource education, public 1990’s. involvement, recreation, and fi re suppression. “Becki Heath will be a perfect fi t for the In 1999 Heath moved from Leavenworth to Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests,” said Bend, Oregon, to become Deputy Supervisor of Regional Forester Linda Goodman. “She is a sea- the Deschutes National Forest. In 2001 she moved soned Forest Supervisor with a strong commitment from Bend to Bozeman, Montana, as Supervisor of to public service. She has extensive background the Gallatin National Forest. in natural resource management and has shown During Heath’s time on the Gallatin National superb leadership handling complex wildland fi res.” Forest, she has been very successful in opening and “My husband and I are excited to be returning enhancing lines of communication with individuals to central Washington,” Heath said. “I am honored and organizations. Her accomplishments include and humbled to be asked to serve as the Okanogan being instrumental in addressing issues relating and Wenatchee Forest Supervisor.” to the Yellowstone Ecosystem, the largest intact “Th e Okanogan and Wenatchee Forests have ecosystem in the lower 48 states, including the spectacular scenery and wonderful recreation op- de-listing of the Yellowstone grizzly bear. She also portunities. Th ey also have areas of over-crowded fi nalized the Forest’s travel management plan which dry forest that are susceptible to insects and wild- addresses recreational uses on forest roads and trails. Becki Lockett Heath fi re. I’m looking forward to working with individu- Heath was infl uential in the conservation of im- als and organizations that care very much how portant species habitat through an aggressive land their National Forests are managed,” she noted. acquisition and exchange program, and in 2006 she Heath is a career Forest Service employee who led the Forest through an extreme fi re season when began working for the agency in 1977. She gradu- over 250,000 acres of National Forest burned. ated from Oregon State University in 1976 with Heath and her husband, Monty, have one son, a Bachelor of Science degree in Recreation and Evan, 18 years old. Monty Heath is a retired For- Environmental Education. In 1979 she obtained a est Service recreation program manager. Becki Master of Science degree in Forest Management Heath will begin her new job in Wenatchee on from the University of Washington. August 6.

olks who don’t get in to our offi ces very Th e Forest Service is required by law to recover Price Increases often may be in for a little surprise the next costs associated with making maps available to Ftime they come in to buy a forest map. Th e the public. Our map sales program is self-sustain- price of Forest Service Visitor maps went up the ing and full cost recovery is necessary in order to for Forest 1st of March. remain viable. Due to an increase in production, printing, Th e Wenatchee National Forest map (last Service Maps and distribution costs, the price of National For- printed in 1996) will be revised and reprinted by est/Grassland visitor maps has increased from $6 late 2008; the Okanogan National Forest map is to $9 for paper and $10 for plastic maps. Two-color scheduled to be revised and reprinted in 2010; both by Robin DeMario Ranger District map prices increased from $4 to $5. maps will be printed on plasticized paper. Visitor map prices were last increased in May, Maps of all kinds can be purchased (in person 2000. At that time the price increased from $4 per or by phone) at local district ranger offi ces and the map to $6 for paper and $7 for plastic. forest supervisor’s offi ce in Wenatchee. Map prices are set nationally and are based on an analysis of historical costs adjusted for pro- 2 ■ Cascade Lookout jected costs. he new “America the Beautiful – National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Pass” Learn About the Tcombines the benefi ts of existing recreation passes from fi ve federal agencies into one compre- hensive Interagency Pass. Th e new pass covers rec- New Interagency reation opportunities on public lands managed by National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Reclama- Pass Program tion, and U.S. Forest Service. LIFETIME SENIOR PASS Although access to most public lands remains (Replaces Golden Age Pass) Cost: $10.00 free — the pass applies to those locations that cur- rently have entrance or standard amenity fees. Th e Senior Pass is available to anyone age 62 Th e new program replaces the Golden Eagle, or older. Golden Age, and the Golden Access Passports as It is valid for the pass holder’s lifetime. well as the National Parks Pass. Existing passes will Th e pass holder must be a U.S. citizen or remain valid until expired, lost, or stolen. permanent resident of the U.S. “America the Beautiful” passes can also be used in lieu of the Northwest Forest Pass at trailheads. Th e Senior Pass must be obtained in person with proof of age and citizenship or perma- However, the Northwest Forest Pass is still a viable nent residency, may only be signed by the option and costs $30 for an annual pass which qualifi ed individual, and is non-transferable. is good on National Forest lands in Oregon and Washington and also the North Cascades Photo identifi cation may be requested to National Park. verify pass ownership. If the pass holder is deceased, their pass may not be transferred to another person such as a spouse. Th e Senior Pass provides the pass holder a 50% discount on some Expanded Amenity fees. Th e Senior Pass off ers the same benefi ts as the Annual Pass, with the exception of no decals available.

ANNUAL PASS (replaces Golden Eagle Pass) Cost: $80.00 Example of the Annual Pass displayed in hangtag. Th e Annual Pass is valid for 12 months from the month of purchase It is useable only at Federal sites At sites with a vehicle entrance fee, the An- nual Pass admits the pass holder and accom- LIFETIME ACCESS PASS panying passengers in a single private vehicle. (replaces Golden Access Pass) Cost: FREE Where a per person entrance fee is charged, Th e Access Pass is for citizens or permanent the Annual Pass admits the pass holder and residents of the U.S., regardless of age, who three persons, age 16 or older. Age 15 and have been medically determined to have a under are free. permanent disability that severely limits one or more major life activities. Where Expanded Amenity fees are charged for facilities and service, only the pass holder Acceptable documentation: statement by will be given a 50% discount price reduction. a licensed physician, document issued by Th e Annual Pass does not cover discounts Federal agency such as the VA, Social Secu- on any Expanded Amenity or Concession- rity Administration or Supplemental Security aire fees such as camping, RV hookups, boat Insurance; or document issued by a State launching, backcountry permits, parking at Agency such as Vocational Rehabilitation. Mt. Rushmore, guided cave tours at Wind Th e Access Pass must be applied for in person Cave National Park, or parking at some his- and signed by the qualifi ed individual only. It toric monuments or homes. provides a 50% discount on some Expanded Amenity fees, and it off ers the same benefi ts as the Annual Pass with the exception of no decals available.

FREE ANNUAL VOLUNTEER PASS (requires 500 hours of service on a cumulative basis) A Federal volunteer coordinator or fee man- ager must issue the pass to an individual in person. Th e Volunteer Pass off ers the same benefi ts as the Annual Pass, with the exception of one free decal for open-top vehicle or motorcycle. Motorcycle sticker Defi nitions: Standard Amenity Fee: Combination of basic amenities such as picnic tables, trash recep- tacles, toilets, developed parking, interpretive signing, and security. Expanded Amenity Fee: Fee charged for spe- cialized facilities and services beyond entrance fees and standard amenity fees such as camp- ing, boating, and tours. Cascade Lookout ■ 3 n 2006 … the Okanogan and Wenatchee Where Did Your National Forests received nearly $500,000 in Irevenue from the Recreation Fee program. Recreation Fees EXPLORED THE BACKCOUNTRY… If you hit the trails, the power of your recreation Take You in dollars could be viewed across both forests! Over 300 miles of non-motorized and wilderness trails and 320 miles of motorized trails were maintained 2006? with recreation fees last year. Th e Cle Elum Ranger District repaired and replaced trail bridges and by Amy Tinderholdt constructed 300 feet of puncheon on the Shoe- ENJOYED THE LAND AROUND THE LAKE… string Trail. Improvements were made at trailheads With ⅔ of scenic Lake Chelan accessible only as well, with the installation of bear-resistant by boat, docks are a key link to campgrounds and garbage cans at Irongate, Chewuch, Long Swamp, trails. Lake Chelan dock permits funded the main- and 14-Mile Trailheads on the Tonasket Ranger tenance and repair of 15 docks on Lake Chelan. District, and new improvements at ten trailheads on the Methow Valley Ranger District. EXPERIENCED HISTORY… Did you stay in a hotel or did you spend the HAD S’MORES… weekend in a historic guard station or a rustic Like many families you may have A-frame cabin? Th e Okanogan and Wenatchee found yourself cozied up to the campfi re last summer. Your fee dollars helped to keep your treasured camp- grounds maintained, provided facili- ties, and kept you safe and informed. Some notable accomplishments: Naches Ranger District installed a new vault toilet at Deep Creek Horse Camp, Entiat Ranger District pro- vided campground hosts, Wenatchee River Ranger District refi nished pic- nic tables, and Tonasket Ranger Dis- trict outfi tted their campgrounds with four new bear-resistant dumpsters. Photo: Tom Iraci National Forests have four recreation rentals avail- BECAME ENCHANTED… able, but the secret is out, so book early! Th ese little Magic abounds in the Enchantment area of the gems are fully furnished and each off ers a variety Alpine Lakes Wilderness. If it has cast its spell on of amenities. American River and Teanaway Guard you, your Enchantment Permit fees were used to Stations can be rented for $40/night, Table Moun- employ wilderness rangers, maintain backcountry tain A-Frame for $50/night, and the American toilets, and keep the permit system running. River Lodge for $100-$150/night. Eighty percent of the money generated from recreation rentals stays in the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests Recreation Fee Program.

RECAPTURED A FAMILY TRADITION… or established a new one by harvesting the per- fect Christmas tree to brighten your home during the holidays. Christmas tree permit fees funded patrols and extended Forest Service offi ce hours during the holiday season.

Photo: Roger Wallace SET OUT ON A NORDIC ADVENTURE… CAPITALIZED ON YOUR INVESTMENT… Th e snow was great this year at Echo Ridge Th e Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests Nordic Ski Area, and the views cannot be beat! Th e were able to use recreation fee funds to help secure ski area, located on the Chelan Ranger District, has grants totaling another $625,000 to operate and expanded over the last two years. Recreation fee maintain campgrounds and other developed rec- funds have been used to install new toilets, ex- reation sites, for trail maintenance and reconstruc- panded parking, and build miles of new trails. Fees tion, and for education and enforcement patrols. also kept the 20 miles of classic and skate ski trails groomed all winter long! ALL IN ALL… Th ese funds were important in providing needed maintenance and operation funds for the Forest’s Photo: John Hutmacher trails, campgrounds, cabins, and other recreation amenities.

4 ■ Cascade Lookout THANK YOU! his year we saw some big natural distur- beetles are the pioneers. When a female fi nds a bances on the Okanogan and Wenatchee suitable host she drills through the bark and begins Blowdown and TNational Forests. Hundreds of thousands to feed. Th en she emits a powerful chemical signal of trees were burned in the summer, and winter that attracts other beetles in the area. Th is is how a storms left many more trees broken or blown over. mass attack begins. Bark Beetles Trees that are blown over by winter storms, or Adult beetles mate then feed in vertical galler- trees that are badly damaged but not killed, make ies under the tree bark. Each female lays eggs in excellent breeding grounds for some native bark groups of 10 to 36 on either side of her gallery. Th e Bring Changes beetles. By spring of 2008 we may see a large crop total number of eggs she can produce depends on of Douglas-fi r beetles, and by 2009 an equally large the size and nutritional quality of the host tree. In to the Forest crop of spruce beetles. a large susceptible host tree, the female may lay 800 Douglas-fi r beetles and spruce beetles are both eggs or more. Th e eggs hatch in a few days. Th e by Connie Mehmel, in the genus Dendroctonus, a word which means host tree is killed as feeding galleries cut off nutri- Forest Entomologist “tree killer”. Th e adults are small (1/10th to 1/3rd ent fl ow between the roots and the crown. Fungi inches long), stout, dark-colored insects with short, carried on the bodies of adult beetles also interfere clubbed antennae and chewing mouthparts. with nutrient and water fl ow, speeding the death of Each bark beetle specializes in the species the tree. of tree for which it is named. Colonies of these By late summer, when larvae have reached mature beetles can be found feeding on the nutritious layer size, most develop into pupae. Th is is the resting of phloem just beneath the bark of a host tree. Th e stage during which the larva is transformed into an host tree must be freshly dead, because phloem adult. Pupation lasts about two weeks. Douglas-fi r quickly decomposes once the tree dies. beetles overwinter under the bark, either as adults or Live trees may also be attacked, but live trees as large larvae which will pupate and become adults have many defenses against bark beetles. Th ey have in the spring. pitch which can physically block and trap beetles, Th e spruce beetle life cycle follows a similar pat- and resins that are actually toxic. Bark beetles have tern, but generally requires two years to complete. their greatest success in trees that are almost but If blown over or severely damaged trees are re- Most of the trees in this photo have been killed by beetles. not quite dead. Large trees that blow over in winter moved before the tree-killing generation of beetles are even better. When beetles begin fl ying in early matures, the likelihood of outbreak can be reduced. Below: Beetle feeding on a tree. spring, trees that blew down in winter still have However, many places where storm damage occurs plenty of fresh phloem but are unable to produce are remote, so removing scattered blowdown may any defensive chemicals. not be possible. One of these places is the Tiff any When large numbers of host trees are blown Mountain area between Winthrop and Tonasket, down, Douglas-fi r beetles and spruce beetles will where a 12-year outbreak of spruce beetles pro- quickly fi nd this abundant source of food and breed- vided much of the fuel for last summer’s Tripod ing material. Th e insects can then build up very large Complex wildfi res. populations. If there are not enough newly downed Bark beetles are major agents of change in for- or damaged trees to feed them, they will attack est ecosystems. During outbreaks of Douglas-fi r healthy trees. During these outbreaks, even vigorous beetles and spruce beetles, the largest, oldest host trees can be overwhelmed by large enough masses of trees will be attacked. Extended outbreaks may attacking beetles. Outbreaks of Douglas-fi r beetles kill most of the large host trees, leaving smaller, usually last about four years. Outbreaks of spruce younger trees, or trees of non-host species. Eventu- beetles may last much longer, often killing most of ally fi re may follow, further changing the forest. the mature spruce over a large area. Bark beetles are native insects that have in- Douglas-fi r beetles take one year to complete teracted with native trees for thousands of years. their life cycle. As soon as the air temperature Th e beetles and their hosts have evolved together, warms up in the spring, adult beetles fl y off in producing a cycle of death and regeneration that search of food and a place to lay eggs. Female ensures the survival of both species.

he old legs aren’t what they used to be, National Park. Don’t forget to stop lung capacity is diminished, eyes are fail- along the way to take in the view Ting, hearing is limited, and the old ticker is of the little pristine lakes visible always under some kind of stress—all these things just off the trail, and the absolutely make it more and more diffi cult to get around in mind-boggling wildfl owers. the mountains for well seasoned seniors. Still, the Getting back on the trail you urge, the desire to visit the wilds is always on the will round the corner and BAMB!! mind. But guess what? It is never too late to visit Mt. Rainier leaps out at you, and “stress-less trails” that take you to vistas beyond you just kind of stand there spell- your expectations. Believe it or not, you really don’t bound. Now, if you time this right, have to exert yourself that much. in late summer/early fall you can For instance, a segment of the Pacifi c Crest enjoy the changing colors and yes, Trail (PCT) at Chinook Pass can be considered a huckleberries. While you’re sitting “stress-less” trail. First off you will need to have an along the trail gobbling these suc- America the Beautiful Interagency Senior Pass or a culent morsels, don’t forget to look Golden Age Passport to park at the trailhead along up towards Naches Peak. It isn’t State Route 410. Be sure to place your card in a uncommon to spot a Mountain Goat or two. You holder (with your signature facing out) and hang it might even see a bear feeding on berries, too. Stress-less Trails from the rearview mirror. Not far down the trail you’ll come to the high- Th e most diffi cult part of your hike will be up way and have to make the decision whether or the trail to the PCT, or you can walk up the high- not you want to head on down to Lake Tipsoo or for Seasoned way to the trail. Once you’re on the trail you have hike up the highway and back to the trailhead. Oh, a relatively fl at hike around Naches Peak to where make sure you take along a bottle of cool water, a Seniors the trail drops down towards Dewey Lake (don’t couple protein bars, your camera, and stuff a jacket go that way or you will be stressed!) just continue in your backpack. Th is whole trip can take several up and around. Now, you have a tad bit of a hike hours, but you set the pace. I like to make a day of by Doug Jenkins up a very gradual grade for maybe 35 feet and then it taking pictures, identifying wildfl owers and just you level out about the time you enter Mt. Rainier taking it all in. Makes me feel young again. Cascade Lookout ■ 5 n a sunny spring day, a column of dark vice has been implementing a “Dry Forest Strat- Crowded Dry gray smoke rises above a green expanse egy” since 1995. It calls for thinning large areas of Oof forest. In sweeping passes, a low fl ying dry forest to provide protective buff ers around local helicopter is dropping ping pong ball-sized spheres communities and important wildlife habitat. “Th is Forests and Fire that ignite after they land, spreading fi re across a strategy uses logging to remove mostly smaller forested landscape. diameter trees, leaving larger, well-spaced trees that by Paul Hart Not far away, fi re crews clad in fl ame retardant are resistant to fi re,” Harrod said. yellow shirts and green pants are using hand-car- Another key element of the strategy is the use ried canisters that spread droplets of fl aming fuel of prescribed fi re after logging and thinning to oil on the forest fl oor. Firefi ghters who work all remove woody debris and brush from the area. summer to attack and put out wildfi res work with Several times in recent years, such thinned and similar skill and dedication to light fi res in the prescribed burn areas have been the place where spring and fall. So, what’s up with that? fi refi ghters could safely construct fi re lines to halt Th e work they are doing is called prescribed fi re. the spread of very destructive wildfi res. Fire managers are using fi re on their own terms A key obstacle to fi re use is control of the smoke to burn brush, fallen trees, branches, and needles. it produces, Harrod noted. “People seem to under- Th ey are using fi re to prevent fi re at a time when stand there is nothing fi refi ghters can do about the it can be carefully controlled and smoke can be car- dense, long-term smoke produced by wildfi res… ried up into the atmosphere and away from nearby but they are much less accepting of short-term communities. smoke from prescribed fi re.” “We have to recognize that our forest ecosys- To better control smoke, fi re specialists carefully tems were shaped by fi re over thousands of years,” monitor the moisture content of fuels and vegeta- says Dr. Richy Harrod, Forest Service Fire Ecolo- tion to be burned. Th ey work with meteorologists gist on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National to keep track of weather, seeking conditions that Forests. “Plants and animal species developed in an will result in the dispersal of smoke into the upper environment frequented by fi re.” atmosphere and away from communities. Growth rings in old stumps and snags contain a Th e Washington Department of Natural Re- record of repeated, low intensity wildfi re over more sources must grant permission before each burning than 400 years. Old photos and research paint a project is ignited. However, even with approval, the picture of native pine and fi r forests comprised “burn boss” at the site may elect not to burn if local primarily of widely spaced, large trees with thick, conditions do not meet conditions of the prescrip- fi re-resistant bark. Ground fi res every 7 to 14 years tion. kept the forest free of brush and fallen branches, Th e Forest Service may do such burning on encouraging the growth of grasses and removing more than 15,000 acres within the Okanogan and most new seedling trees. Wenatchee Forests in a good year. “Th at sounds Nearly 100 years of successful fi re suppression like a lot but, unfortunately, more than 700,000 has had some serious unintended consequences acres are overcrowded and would benefi t from in the forests of eastern Washington, Harrod said. thinning and low intensity fi re,” Harrod noted. “We are faced with serious overcrowding of trees, Considering the enormity of the task, fi re man- especially in the drier Douglas fi r and ponderosa agers concentrate their eff orts in strategic locations pine zones of both forests.” Such forests often fall that create breaks in fi re prone forest groves and victim to insects, disease, and wildfi re. provide protection to homes in rural areas. An extended period of drought and unusually “We’ve made some great progress in recent dry summers has led to large, uncontrollable wild- years,” Harrod said. “People like the looks of fi res on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National thinned and underburned woods, and the result is a Forests in recent years. In response, the Forest Ser- healthier, more defensible forest.”

ixth grade students from the Omak and Students receive handouts and posters, and the Education Camps, Okanogan schools attend a week-long natu- most promising scientists receive additional large Sral resource learning session every May at posters and a hand lens. Th ese camps provide an Camp Disautel and Camp Progress located on the opportunity for students to interact with teachers an Outdoor Colville Indian Reservation. in a real learning environment that is FUN! Camp Disautel has plumbing and electricity Students are responsible for chores, group activi- Classroom while Camp Progress is rustic, with a generator and ties, and getting along with fellow campers in close hauled water. Camp Progress has added excitement quarters. Sometimes it is the fi rst time students in having a creek with a perfect mud fi ght location have ever camped. Th ese camps expose students to by Annie Green Soil Scientist and yearly sightings of scavenging bears attracted subjects not normally taught in school. by the smells of homemade cooking--both good Children all have diff erent interests and while reasons to bring a camera. most of them enjoy the archery lessons, some really Forest Service employees have taught courses at enjoy shaking soil sieves and acting as a rain cloud. these camps since the 1970’s. Th e learning activi- Th e biggest reward for the teachers is receiving ties in the soils classes are all hands-on and include letters from students who really enjoyed the soils discussions on Geology, soil interpretations, and session and will remember the lessons for years to soil awareness. Common questions students ask come. are, “Why are there round rocks up here in the Th e Forest Service also participates in a day- mountains?” and “Does vegetation make a diff er- long camp for local 1st through 6th graders at ence when it rains?” Lake Owhi near Nespelem, and a week-long camp Th e students get to do experiments to explain for Tonasket 6th grade students held at Camp To- the eff ects of soil erosion, impacts of soil compac- kiwanee on the Tonasket Ranger District. Another tion, and learn about pre-historic Mount Mazama program geared towards children is “More Kids in and its widespread eff ects here in Northern Wash- the Woods.” Th is program is designed to engage ington. Th ere are also discussions on glaciers and kids in the outdoors, both through conservation stream dynamics which help students learn why education and recreation. Okanogan 6th graders look at stream erosion. Th is is the Okanogan River is brown in the spring. An No matter the location, there are learning op- a popular mud fi ght locale at Camp Progress. informative walk away from camp buildings gives portunities for young and old throughout the year students a chance to look at vegetation, soils, and on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. 6 ■ Cascade Lookout geology and learn how they all interact. Come enjoy and have FUN! he Forest Service is working to complete Next fall the Forest Service will begin the analy- a Travel Management Plan for all Na- sis required under the National Environmental Where Will I be Ttional Forest units by the end of 2009. Th e Policy Act (NEPA). Th e NEPA analysis will take process will designate motorized travel routes on about 12 to 18 months to complete. Th ere will be national forest roads and trails. Once that has been additional opportunities for the public to comment Able to Use My done, the forest will then be closed to all motor- through the NEPA process. ized travel except for these designated routes. Th e Following the environmental analysis process, Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests started the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests Motor Vehicle the process late in 2005. will produce a motor vehicle use map displaying In June of 2006, the Okanogan and Wenatchee designated roads, trails and areas for motorized in the National Forests held a series of public meetings asking for use. Th e fi nal decision will be published during comments on the process and specifi c comments the summer of 2009. Implementation of the travel on which roads and trails should be open to travel plan will begin with the distribution of the Motor Forests? by motorized vehicles. Over 500 comments were Vehicle Use map in late 2009. received from individuals and groups. Highlights of the national Travel Management by Vladimir Steblina Th ese comments have been compiled, along Rule: with specifi c route suggestions. Ranger District Each national forest or ranger personnel are currently completing the analysis of district will designate those the public comments as well as internal suggestions roads, trails, and areas open to from fi sh and wildlife biologists, recreation plan- motor vehicles. ners, botanists, and other professionals within the Designation will include class of Forest Service. vehicle and, if appropriate, time Th e process is taking a hard look at whether of year for motor vehicle use. current and recommended routes meet safety criteria, resource protection needs, and are consis- Once the designation process is complete, the rule will pro- tent with Federal and State laws and regulations. hibit motor vehicle use off the Th e analysis seeks to provide motorized recreation designated system or use that is travel opportunities while also considering road inconsistent with the designa- and trail maintenance costs. tions. Th e analysis part of the process should be com- pleted by June of 2007. At that point the Forest Designation decisions will be made locally, with public input Service will hold a second series of Ranger District and in coordination with state, public open houses to share the analysis results. local, and tribal governments.

scratchy, broken, and barely discernible studies. Th e location points will help biologists radio transmission said, “We’re getting a begin to understand the distribution and ecology The North Cascades A closed signal from the Twisp River trap.” of wolverines in the North Cascades. After a 40-minute snowmobile ride, wildlife bi- Th e North Cascades Wolverine Study was Wolverine Study ologists Dan Russell and Blake Stokes approached initiated in January, 2006, through the joint eff orts the trap site on foot. Snow was falling so there of the Pacifi c Northwest Research Station, the The Wily, Rascally were no tracks, but in front of the trap they noticed Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife, and scattered wood chips, splinters, and a hole carved the US Forest Service Okanogan and Wenatchee Wolverine Saga Continues out of the lid and sill log. Afraid that the trapped National Forests. Since last year, a fourth box-log animal had already escaped, Russell switched on a live trap was deployed, improvements were made by John Rohrer headlamp and peered into the hole. in the radio collars, North Cascades National Park Wildlife Biologist joined as a partner in the study, and funding was received from Seattle City Light and the Seattle Foundation. A couple weeks after releasing Chewie, and re- pairing the damage he’d done to the trap, a second wolverine was trapped at the same site. Xena, a young female wolverine, now sports red ear tags and her own radio collar. Chewbacca and Xena have not been traveling together, but so far range over a similar area that includes portions of the upper Twisp River drain- age, the North Cascades Highway Corridor, and the North Cascades National Park. Above: Wolverine in Yellowstone National Park. A deep, low growl and a fl ash of teeth surprised On Valentine’s Day, this season’s third wolverine him into a quick retreat and a big smile. We had was discovered. A small yellow tag in one of the Left: "Chewie" is released after being fi tted with a radio trapped our fi rst wolverine of the year! Th e 30- ears identifi ed this wolverine as a recapture--Mela- transmitter. pound male wolverine, named “Chewbacca” due to nie, a wolverine captured in 2006, had returned. his chewing eff orts to escape the trap, now wears She was a couple pounds heavier and a few inches blue ear tags and a neck collar with two radio longer than last year. In addition, several physical transmitters. Every minute one of the transmitters characteristics indicated that she was pregnant. beams out a signal that can be received by satellites Chewie, Xena, and Melanie continue to travel as they orbit the earth. If the same satellite is able over the high country of the North Cascades, while to receive at least 4 of those signals on the same satellites occasionally pinpoint their locations. Our pass it is able to triangulate a reliable location point studies of these wily, rascally critters will continue; for Chewie. we hope to learn as much as we can to help pre- In the steep, rugged North Cascades, this occurs serve these interesting animals. about twice per week. Th e other transmitter is a For more information about wolverines, visit VHF radio, standard in most wildlife telemetry www.wolverinefoundation.org. Cascade Lookout ■ 7 hough some recreation facilities were Th ese attributes are defi ned as the “niche” Recreation Site constructed by the Civilian Conserva- the forest off ers in terms of special places, tion Corps in the 1930’s, the majority of opportunities, and possible experiences. An T important element is public expectations for campgrounds and trailheads on the Okanogan Facilities Master and Wenatchee National Forests were built dur- recreation opportunities in the Forest. ing the 1960’s and 70’s. Th ese campgrounds and Operate and maintain a fi nancially sustainable trailheads were designed to serve the public users developed recreation program to accepted Planning of that time. quality standards Camping with the family was the most popu- Eliminate deferred maintenance at recreation You Can Help Defi ne lar activity on forest lands back then. Hikers and sites horseback riders were the primary trail users, and Your “Niche” they were present in fairly small numbers. Th e start Forests will analyze each developed recreation of fi shing and hunting seasons fi lled the camp- site based on criteria such as how well the site by Vladimir Steblina grounds to capacity and beyond. Overall though, it supports the recreation needs of the public, the was a less crowded, simpler time. importance of the site to the local community, and In 2005, there were over 2.5 million recreation its environmental impacts. visits to the Okanogan and Wenatchee Forests. Of Developed recreation sites are expensive to these visits 206,315 were camping-related. Th is operate. Fees and funds from Congress gener- represents 8.2% of the visits to the Forest. Camp- ally cover the operating portion of the budget, grounds and trailheads have become important but there is no money for deferred or postponed today as a base camp from which people start their maintenance. Th e Forest Service approach to main- recreational activities. tenance has been similar to a homeowner who can Since the 1970’s, many new recreational activi- temporarily patch a leaky roof, but does not have ties have become common on the National Forests. the funds to replace the roof. Campgrounds gener- On Forest trails, motorcycles, mountain bikes, and ally have a 20-year life span before major repairs trail runners have joined the hikers and horsemen. are necessary. For most of our campgrounds on the In our campgrounds, the old canvas tent has been Okanogan and Wenatchee Forests, maintenance replaced by modern recreational vehicles. has been deferred for more than 30 years. To better serve the public, the Forest Service has Th e Forest Service will schedule public meetings initiated a national Recreation Site Facility Mas- in June and July to receive comments on desired ter Planning (RSFMP) process to ensure that our recreation opportunities. Th ese comments will help developed sites provide the right recreation oppor- defi ne a recreation focus or “niche” for the Forests tunity in the right places. which will then be used to rank and rate the devel- Th e goals of the process are to: oped facilities. After completion of the analysis the Improve customer satisfaction public will have another chance to comment on the planning process and facility priorities. Provide recreation opportunities consistent Th e goal of Recreation Site Facility Master with each Forest’s unique recreation attributes. Planning is to ensure that available recreation funding is allocated to support sites that best meet the needs of today’s visitors. Photos: Tom Iraci

evision of the Forest Plans that guide man- by helping us identify areas of common ground Forest Plan agement of the Okanogan-Wenatchee and with some of our more contentious resource man- RColville National Forests is in its fi fth year. agement challenges.” Th ese land and resource management plans pro- On March 30, 2007 the Forest Service was Revision vide strategic guidance for managing the National enjoined or prohibited from continuing Plan Forest. Each National Forest has its own plan development under the “2005 Planning Rule.” — What’s Been which establishes the desired condition for the Th e Forest Service at the National level has begun land and resources, and sets general management eff orts to address the Court’s decision, includ- direction. ing taking steps to declare a new planning rule in Happening Lately? “Our goal is to develop a Forest Plan that accordance with Administrative Procedures Act, sustains economic, social, and ecological condi- studying environmental eff ects of a new planning by Debbie Kelly tions that are benefi cial to both people and the rule as required by National Environmental Policy land,” said Jim Boynton, Forest Supervisor for the Act (NEPA), and consultation with the US Fish Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests. and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisher- By law, Forest Plans must be updated every 10- ies Service under the Endangered Species Act. 15 years. Revision of the Forest Plan is necessary As the revision proceeds, interested members of to account for changes which have occurred over the public are welcome to contribute their ideas. the life of the plan. Th e current Forest Plans for the Public meetings have been held since the start of three national forests were implemented in 1990. the planning process. Information gathered from Since last March the Forest Plan Revision Team those meetings can be found on the Plan Revision has worked closely with the Eastern Washington website. Additional meetings will be scheduled Cascades and Yakima Provincial Advisory Commit- once the draft plan is released—at that time the tees (PAC) on a very intensive collaboration eff ort emphasis will shift to requesting specifi c feedback focused on specifi c segments of the Plan develop- on the draft plan itself. ment. Th e PAC is a federally chartered advisory Th e project timeline has been extended. Th e new committee whose members refl ect a broad represen- target for release of a draft is early 2008. For more tation of public stakeholder interests. Th ey devel- information on the Forest Plan Revision please Photo: Tom Iraci oped a proposal for possible Forest Plan vegetation check our web site or contact us: and recreation management themes. Th ey also Forest Plan Revision Team discussed Inventoried Roadless Area management. Okanogan Valley Offi ce “We have greatly appreciated the interaction, 1240 Second Avenue South dialogue, and exchange of ideas that the PAC col- Okanogan, WA 98840 laboration meetings have provided for this plan- (509) 826-3275 ning eff ort,” Boynton said. “Th e discussions with E-mail: [email protected] 8 ■ Cascade Lookout PAC members have benefi ted the planning eff ort Web site: www.fe.fed.us/r6/wenatchee/forest-plan he Tripod Fire Complex of 2007 burned During the 2003 Farewell Fire, which burned across 175,000 acres of the Okanogan Na- about 10 miles north of Winthrop, suppres- Reducing tional Forest and adjoining Loomis State sion crews used a recently thinned and under- T burned project as direct fi reline for burnout Forest. Hundreds of homes in the communities of Twisp, Winthrop, and Conconully were threatened operations, halting the fi re’s advance towards WildfireWildfi re Risk private property. Crews spread out over a ½ by the fi re. mile stretch of steep forested slopes to ignite Vegetation management and hazardous fuels fuels between the fi reline and the fi re, know- reduction projects on the Methow Valley and in the Wildland ing that they had an extensive defensible Tonasket Ranger Districts served as secure work- space and anchor point behind them. ing locations for fi refi ghters during Tripod Fire Urban Interface suppression eff orts. Th ese projects had opened Besides increasing protection for fi refi ghters crowded forest stands and reduced excessive forest and homes in the Wildland Urban Interface, these by Mary Scholz fuel buildup, lessening wildfi re risk in treated areas. projects and future treatments are important be- Public Affairs Specialist Th ese treatment areas will also provide anchor cause they improve stand survival and tree regen- points for fi ghting fi res in the Wildland Urban In- eration after a fi re. Th ey also help mimic the eff ects terface (WUI) where homes, cabins, and structures of repeated low-intensity fi res historically present border forest lands. Firefi ghters start containment on the Okanogan National Forest. actions from anchor points (usually a barrier to fi re spread from which to start constructing a fi reline). Anchor points are critical to safe and successful fi refi ghting operations. Forested areas near WUI that have been treated by vegetation and fuels management activities make good anchor points. Th ey have less fuel on the forest fl oor to create a ladder for fi re to climb into tree tops. Th e trees are also further apart, hampering fi re spread. Th e Solar Timber Sale on the Methow Valley Ranger District provided an excellent example of the value of fuels reduction work in WUI. In the 1990’s, thinning to open up the forest canopy and reduce ladder fuels occurred in the Solar Timber Sale area, just east of the Chewuch River. Th ese activities were completed by 2004, leaving light accumulations of slash in units closest to summer cabins (Brevicomis summer cabins are within 100 feet of that project). Although fuels treatments with prescribed fi re had not been completed when the Tripod Fire be- gan, the openness of the stands, absence of ladder fuels, and low levels of slash enabled fi refi ghters to safely and successfully conduct burnout operations, even with several homes nearby. Several vegetation management and hazardous fuel reduction projects in WUI on the Methow Valley Ranger District have been used as fi relines during wildfi re suppression eff orts: What’s next? Additional vegetation and fuels Above: Smoke column from 2006 Tripod Fire rises above the Th e 2005 Pearrygin Fire, which burned 4 Methow Valley Ranger Station. miles northeast of Winthrop near private and management projects are planned for the Gold state lands, burned into fuel reduction projects Creek, McFarland Creek, Squaw Creek, Fawn in the Ramsey Creek drainage. When the Creek, Twisp River, Benson Creek, Ramsey Creek, wildfi re entered the treated area, fi re intensity and Leecher Mountain drainages. Future projects dropped dramatically. Trees experienced much will focus on Eightmile Creek, French Creek, Fin- lower mortality levels than outside the treated ley Canyon, and Cub Creek drainages. area. Suppression crews were able to enter this Stay tuned, more fuel treatments may be occur- area quickly to contain and control the fi re. ring in wildland urban interface areas near you!

Photo above shows untreated forest near Brevicomis summer cabins. Photo below shows treated forest in the same area.

Cascade Lookout ■ 9 n early July of 2006, lightning struck and severely burned acres. Areas scarred by the creation Tripod Fire ignited what would become the largest wildfi re of fi re breaks and fi refi ghter safety zones were Iin recent Washington State history. A for- seeded with a mixture of grasses to cover bare soil est already decimated from an outbreak of spruce so noxious weeds would not get a foot hold. Complex beetle and Mountain Pine Beetle was ripe for such Pre-existing noxious weed infestations were a fi re. Th ere was little that fi re managers could do treated with herbicide or hand pulled to reduce to stop the inferno from ripping through the dead seed sources. Because noxious weed seed can — Now a Forest and dying lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce remain viable in the soil for years, a long-term stands. Protecting private land and local communi- monitoring plan had to be developed. Survey- in Renewal ties from devastation was the primary focus for fi re ing and monitoring for noxious weeds under the fi ghting crews. BAER plan will continue for the next three years. Th is confl agration would eventually burn across Monitoring beyond the three years will occur as a by Carol Ogilvie more than 175,000 acres of forested land man- Ranger District project. aged by the U. S Forest Service, Washington State “We are committed to doing what we can rea- Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Land sonably do to repair the damage and reduce future Management, and Washington Department of Fish impacts from this mega fi re,” said Mark Morris, and Wildlife. What it left in its wake was not only Tonasket District Ranger. “Left to nature alone, it blackened stands of timber but over 50,000 acres would take decades, perhaps even centuries longer of severely burned land and fi re suppression scars to regenerate the more severely-burned areas than subject to soil erosion and noxious weed invasion. it would if we helped them along with appropriate Before the ashes had cooled, a Burn Area Emer- restoration eff orts.” gency Response (BAER) Team was called upon to Healthy forests with a natural history of fi re evaluate the conditions and develop a plan to aid in occurrence tend to have fewer disease and insect the restoration of this fi re-damaged environment. outbreaks, fewer noxious weed infestations, and Of greatest concern were preventing soil erosion greater biological diversity. In the years to come, from water runoff that could potentially damage this area will become more stable and resistant to key watersheds and reducing the risk of invasive the problems that have plagued it in recent history. noxious weeds from infesting susceptible habitats “We may not see full recovery in our lifetime, but were of greatest concern. with the fi rst new seedlings and sprouts of larkspur Th is team of experts in hydrology, soils, and in the spring we will know that it’s on the right noxious weeds planned a coordinated restoration path,” Morris said. “For our part, planning, man- eff ort. An aerial mulching eff ort dropped weed- agement and continued monitoring will certainly free straw from helicopters in order to stabilize help the process along.” soil and prevent runoff on thousands of the most

he Tripod Fire of 2006 has changed the face it would take much longer to repair the damage. Tripod Fire of recreation in some of Okanogan Coun- It’s obvious how much they genuinely care for this Tty’s most popular areas. “While there are popular area.” Changes – but still many opportunities to enjoy the activities that this area is noted for, it will be a diff erent experi- ence,” said Michael Alvarado, Customer Services Doesn’t Stop Staff for the Tonasket Ranger District. Many historic structures, trails and trailheads were saved from fi re damage. Unfortunately, the – Recreation Chewuch Trailhead didn’t fair as well; the hitch rail, unloading dock, picnic tables and sign had all by Carol Ogilvie burned. Many trails were damaged when log con- structed water bars burned, fi re killed trees fell, and roots burned out underneath trails. In some por- TIFFANY LAKE TRAIL tions of the Tripod Complex, recreation trails were While visiting and recreating in the area can used as fi re breaks. A bulldozer line obliterated a still be enjoyable, visitors need to be aware of the popular dispersed recreation site known locally as changes and potential hazards associated with rec- Sandy Camp; that site will no longer be accessible. reating here. Contact Forest Service offi ces before A substantial eff ort was made during the fall leaving home to get current information on trail of 2006 to rehabilitate much of the fi re suppres- status or possible area closures. sion impact to recreation trails, but much more When traveling through the burned area, it’s rehabilitation work will be needed in coming recommended that visitors carry a saw or other years. Management direction for wilderness areas tools in case a tree needs to be removed from does not permit reconstruction of buildings when a road or trail. Please note that power saws are naturally-occurring events destroy them. For this prohibited in the Wilderness. Always let someone reason, there are no plans for rebuilding historic know where you will be, and when you plan to buildings such as Bighorn Cabin which was com- return. pletely destroyed in the Horseshoe Basin of the 2006 Tripod Fire burned through the Chewuch Trailhead. Th ere are many other enjoyable and scenic Pasayten Wilderness areas for recreation in Okanogan County. So, if Volunteer groups, such as the Okanogan County visiting the fi re-damaged area does not appeal to Association of Snowmobile Clubs, have been help- you, contact local Forest Service offi ces or visit ing to clear trails of fi re-killed trees and re-estab- the Okanogan County Tourism Council web site lish trail routes. Members of Backcountry Horse- (www.okanogancountry.com) for ideas on where to men and Oroville Trail Riders have also stepped go and things to do. forward with off ers of assistance to help restore For those interested in volunteering to restore trails and trailheads. “We really value and appreci- fi re damaged trails or trailheads, please contact the ate the work that these volunteers are providing,” Methow Valley Ranger District (509) 996-4003, said Mark Morris, Tonasket District Ranger and Tonasket Ranger District (509) 486-2186, or an avid fan of horseback riding. “Without them, 10 ■ Cascade Lookout Okanogan Valley Offi ce (509) 826-3275. hen you visualize Lake Chelan you Settlement Agreement in October, 2003 for reli- think of clear, clean water, tall moun- censing to continue the operation and maintenance There’s a Dam Wtains, fj ord-like cliff s, remote communi- of the 48-megawatt Lake Chelan Hydroelectric ties, and recreation. Th is large 50-mile long natural Project. Th e new license (which lasts 50 years) was lake is the third deepest gorge in North America. issued by FERC in November, 2006. at Chelan? While orchards, vineyards and an array of homes Th e settlement is very important for local com- dot the lower lake basin, the upper basin is home munities and natural resource agencies managing by Susan Peterson to ponderosa pine, rocky cliff s and few people lands and waters in the watershed. Large issues or social amenities. But, what most people don’t with signifi cant natural re- realize is that the 1,486 feet deep Lake Chelan is source and public impacts also operated as a reservoir for hydroelectric power had to be addressed during production. the relicensing process. Th e fi rst dam to raise the lake level was built Th e settlement focuses in 1892. It provided for navigation to the city of on comprehensive plans Chelan and water for south Chelan real estate. By for erosion control, large 1903 power generation became important and the woody debris use, fi sher- “lights came on” in the city of Chelan. In 1927, a ies management in Lake 40-foot high 490-foot long steel-reinforced con- Chelan and in the Chelan crete dam was completed on the Chelan River near River (with primary focus the city of Chelan. Water fl ows through a tunnel on anadromous fi sh), to the powerhouse, where electricity is generated. management of lake Th e powerhouse is located in the town of Chelan level, wildlife and riparian Falls, nearly 400 feet lower in elevation than Lake habitat, recreational, and Chelan. cultural resources. Th e Lake Chelan Hydroelectric Project provides Th e settlement will hydroelectric power and regulates the depth of the help keep Lake Chelan a lake from a minimum elevation of 1,079 feet in special place to visit while Photo courtesy of Chelan County P.U.D. winter, to “maximum pool” depth of 1,100 feet in providing resource stewardship opportunities. summer. Th e Forest Service and National Park Service will When visitors see the lake drawn down they receive funds to help support campgrounds and believe it’s because the high mountain snows docks on the lake. Erosion control will be targeted haven’t melted, which is partly true. Th e lake must fi rst at campgrounds most used by the public. be regulated to capture mountain run-off while Wildlife and fi sheries benefi ts will occur over protecting the shoreline from fl ooding. Lake time as habitat enhancement measures are accom- Chelan is a recreational magnet which provides plished. Projects will benefi t ecosystems that have many benefi ts including power generation, fi sh and been disturbed by past human activities. Managers wildlife conservation, recreation, water supply, and will use prescribed fi re to improve wildlife habitat. fl ood control. Wildlife will also benefi t from habitat improve- A license is required for non-federal dams, such ments such as planting and thinning browse and as Lake Chelan, to operate. Th e Federal Energy control of noxious weeds. Regulatory Commission (FERC) issues licenses Th e public and agencies will continue to work for operation of hydropower projects under the together as partners to improve and preserve this provisions of the Federal Power Act. Th e Public unique watershed into the future. Utility District No. 1 of Chelan County fi led a

onging for fresh mountain air scented with Gently rolling treks through diverse pine-dotted pine and sage? Looking for outstanding drainages off er panoramic views and a sense of Echo Ridge, Lpanoramas of land, sky and water? Hoping comfortable solitude. Th e trail system is divided that not everyone else in the world is going to be into a series of loops that come together at six there too? If you’ve got the time, we’ve got the trail! major junctions. With names like Alley Oop, Lolli “The” Place to Be Pop, Tootsy Roll and Whoop-di-do, you know it’s going to be fun. by Susan Peterson Th e Forest Service has completed 80% of the major expansion project for this area, complete with improved road access, two new toilets, two new trailheads, new kiosks, signs, and expanded parking lots. Trails were widened to better meet the needs of skate skiers and beginner skiers. Snow- mobiles have been re-routed and the No-Where to Hide trail is now a skier only trail. For snowshoe enthusiasts, in addition to the new 2.6 mile snow- shoe trail, 6 miles of existing trails may be shared Echo Ridge Nordic Area is a series of highly with skiers. scenic loop trails developed in 1992 by the US Although the main purpose of Echo Ridge is Forest Service, Lake Chelan Nordic Club, and winter time fun, it has become an area hub for the Washington State Interagency Committee for mountain bikes and for folks who want to hike Outdoor Recreation. Th e third largest groomed and picnic with views of the Cascade Mountains cross country trail system in the state, the area op- and the Columbia River Gorge at their feet. Echo erates under a cooperative agreement between the Ridge turned out to be a pretty good name too… Forest Service and the Lake Chelan Nordic Club the area echoes with fun. who maintain the trail grooming operation. Directions: Located just 9.75 miles from In winter, the snow is fantastic—that is if you downtown Chelan, follow the Manson Highway like dry powder! At elevations of 3,100-4,000 feet, (SR-150) 2 miles to Boyd Road. Follow the signs snows are consistent from December through to Echo Valley Ski Area and Sno-Park. Th e county March. Over 20 miles of trail are groomed for road ends at Echo Valley Downhill Ski Area. From cross-country skiing. Recently, a trailhead and 2.6 here, follow the steep and narrow Forest Service miles of designated snowshoe trails were added. road up to the two parking areas on the ridge. Cascade Lookout ■ 11 t seems like a concept so basic it hardly de- Learn where you can camp and how to set up Hiking... for serves mention. It is surprising to us who live camp in ways that will not attract animals. Iand work in the woods, but hiking can be a Learn to LEAVE NO TRACE and to very daunting and confusing undertaking for fi rst- TREAD LIGHTLY—this means pack out the Novice timers. all garbage, bury human waste 6 to 8 inches Following are some basic hiking suggestions, deep in soil, preserve the quiet, use camp not only for the fi rst-timers but also as a reminder stoves whenever possible, stay on trails, and by Kim Larned & Terry Mahaffey for the “seasoned” hiker: avoid cutting switchbacks which destroys vegetation and causes erosion. Before setting out on any hike take a few minutes to research what items you will need. In the spring, trails sometimes take a while to Make sure you understand the terrain you’ll melt out and harden. Give the ground some be hiking in, tell someone where you are go- time to prepare itself for the peak summer use. ing and when you’ll return. Make sure they Riding, hiking and driving on trails and roads know what to do if you do not return and that that are too soft can cause resource damage they are responsible for notifying the authori- that may lead to trail and road closures. ties with your itinerary should you not return. Match your trail selection with your expecta- Take as many essentials as you like, but take tions. If you are looking for a lung-buster, at least “the big 10” to get you through most fi nd the trail that provides 86 switchbacks situations. Th e following is a list of the ten and gains 3,000 feet in 3.5 miles. If you are items most often recommended: looking for a walk to take with your cautious three-year-old, seek out the fl at meandering 1. Map trails that are well maintained. Often resource 2. Compass (know how to use it!) damage and injuries occur when the trail is 3. Clothing – warm sweater or jacket, long not what people were expecting and are either pants (wool or synthetic, no cotton) lured into cutting switchbacks, creating their own route, or hiking outside their ability level. 4. Extra food and water Obtaining the correct permit can be very con- 5. Flashlight with extra batteries fusing for those trying to do the right thing 6. Waterproof matches/fi re starter before heading out on a trip. Call the local 7. First aid kit with bandages, sun screen, ranger station that administers the area you insect repellent, medication for stings/bites plan to visit and ask what permits you will need. 8. Whistle 9. Rain or wind jacket Th ere are many elements involved in hiking that 10. Pocket knife are not covered here. You can research hiking safety on the web, at your local library, or contact your lo- cal Forest Service offi ce. For those who are proper- If you don’t pack in your water you will need ly prepared, hiking can be a wonderful experience to boil or fi lter it. Drinking from a stream or enjoyed by people of all ages and abilities. We hope lake can make you seriously ill. to see you on the trails this summer. Photo: Tom Iraci

hree years ago, a young man and his class- To facilitate better access to salmon view- Salmon Viewing mates came up from the Yakama Tribal ing sites and to make the trail more accessible TSchool in Toppenish to see and learn about to people with mobility issues, a group of local salmon spawning. Th is young man’s legs are ampu- individuals, businesses and agencies got together to Trail Open tated above the knee and he utilizes a wheelchair improve the condition of the trail. Local businesses to assist with his mobility. donated heavy equipment, materials, time, and Th ese students knew the trail to the viewing site expertise. Th e Bureau of Reclamation constructed for All would likely not be passable to someone who uses the trail, and Carson Arnold, a local Boy Scout, a wheelchair, so they were prepared to help their took on the seating construction as an Eagle Scout by Janie McQueen and Kim Larned friend through the really diffi cult parts. After many Project. Th e result—a new accessible trail and seat- attempts, the group decided the rugged trail to the ing area! river’s edge was too diffi cult to get a wheelchair Th is year, the Cle Elum Ranger District, through. Th is young man, however, was determined YBEEP, and Central Washington University are to see the salmon in the river. He set his wheelchair teaming up to design interpretive signs and a aside and walked on the stumps of his legs down brochure so people visiting the trail will be able to the rugged trail. His tenacity and eff orts were an learn about salmon and their distinctive habitat. inspiration to everyone. When the trail was fi nally complete, the young For years, Bob Tuck of the Yakima Basin man from the Yaka- Environmental Education Program (YBEEP) ma Tribal School has been taking groups of school kids to a specifi c returned and was the Photos: www.ybeep.org point along the water’s edge to view spawning fi rst person to use a salmon. Located on the banks of Cle Elum River, wheelchair on the this site is a perfect trail. Th e new trail place to teach about meets all Americans what happens during with Disabilities spawning season and Act requirements, throughout a salmon’s including specifi cations on the gentle grades. Th e life cycle. Th e riverside trail is not paved but it is a wide, graded level, grav- trail and seating area eled trail. provide a bird’s eye If you would like to visit the salmon viewing view of salmon spawn- trail this fall to see salmon spawning, please contact ing. Adult fi sh come to the Cle Elum Ranger District at (509) 852-1100 the same spot each year and provide a wonderful for directions. 12 ■ Cascade Lookout learning experience for all age groups. ightning started the Tinpan Fire on July 5, created by fi re became meadows and places in the 2006 in the Glacier Peak Wilderness on the forest where vegetation and habitat conditions The Tinpan LEntiat Ranger District. By late September nurture a variety of birds and wildlife. the fi re had burned 9,216 acres. A century of well intended fi re suppression has Although not as large as other fi res that burned created a dilemma. Forest vegetation has become Story last summer in north central Washington, the more crowded and more vulnerable to insects, dis- Tinpan Fire was a signifi cant event because it was ease, and wildfi res. Forest managers are now faced by Susan Peterson managed under a Wildland Fire Use strategy. Th is with un-natural fuel accumulations that result in relatively new management option allows some large un-natural and devastating wildfi res. naturally ignited fi res to continue burning under Th e challenge wilderness managers face today careful supervision. Th is occurs under very specifi c is to allow fi re to play a role in wildland areas in a conditions, within a predetermined area referred to way that minimizes the risk to people and com- as Maximum Manageable Area boundary. munities while achieving the benefi ts of natural Using a combination of natural features like fi re. Wildland Fire Use is the tool that meets this rocky ridges and streams, plus hand-constructed challenge. fi relines, fi refi ghters were able to comfi ne the Tin- Th e Glacier Peak Wilderness is designated as ap- pan Fire to a portion of the Glacier Peak Wilder- propriate for wildland fi re use in the Okanogan and ness within the Entiat River drainage. Helicopters Wenatchee National Forests’ fi re management plan. dropping water were able to help keep the fi re in Because the terrain is very rugged and steep, there check when fuel conditions and weather showed would have been more risk to fi refi ghters safety potential for pushing the blaze beyond acceptable with more traditional suppression eff orts. Lightning boundaries. ignited the fi re in a remote location where risks to Fire managers were able to use the Tinpan Fire communities and resources were minimal. to restore healthy conditions to a large area of the Taking these considerations into mind, District Wilderness while ensuring the safety of nearby Ranger Karin Whitehall and fi re managers made communities and protecting important natural the decision to designate the fi rst Wildland Fire resources. Th e fi re killed many alpine trees that had Use Fire on the Entiat Ranger District. Today, begun to encroach into Entiat meadows, and estab- Tinpan’s benefi t is being realized. Fuel loads have lished an eff ective barrier to the spread of wildfi res been reduced and fuel breaks were created. Weak that may occur in that portion of the wilderness in and diseased trees were burned and wildlife habitat coming summers. was enhanced. Th ere is a reduced potential for fu- Fire is not new to the Entiat River drainage. ture devastating fi re within the fi re’s perimeter, and It is one of the primeval forces that have shaped overall forest health will increase. this land. Historically, fi res ran freely and occurred Tinpan proved to be a challenging learning expe- more frequently, cleaning and cultivating the forest. rience for wildland fi re use managers and fi refi ght- Th ese frequent smaller wildlfi res removed the ex- ers. However, the benefi ts from this management cess fuels instead of allowing them to accumulate. tool are substantial. “Most of all, the Entiat Ranger Forested areas like those on the east side of the District is grateful for the support of the Entiat Glacier Peak Wilderness would have burned natu- community during this event,” Whitehall said. rally every 35-100 years, creating a pattern across the landscape called a “fi re mosaic.” Th e openings

f you’ve visited Silver Falls Campground dur- ing the last few years, you might have noticed What’s Been Iseveral dead and dying fi r trees between the lower loop and the main road. Trees in that area are being killed by a disease Happening that spreads between the root systems of suscep- tible trees, especially Douglas-fi r and grand fi r. Because this disease, laminated root rot, destroys in Silver Falls their root systems, these trees are unstable and prone to falling. Although some level of this disease is desir- Campground? able—for the wildlife habitat and forest diversity it creates—its eff ects are unwanted in Silver Falls by Matt Dahlgreen Campground because it will slowly kill most of the large Douglas-fi rs that help to create the beauti- ful setting and provide important habitat for the Th e second step was to thin the disease-sus- northern spotted owl. ceptible trees throughout the infected area in In order to meet public safety, recreation, and order to create conditions that are favorable to wildlife objectives, employees of the Entiat Ranger disease-resistant trees such as ponderosa pine, District are working with forest pathologists to de- western larch and western white pine. Once velop a strategy for limiting or halting the disease’s thinning occurred we planted disease resistant spread through the campground. trees in the new canopy openings. Two short-term parts of the strategy were implemented between the fall of 2006 and spring Th e long-term part of the strategy involves ex- of 2007: cluding disease-susceptible trees from the infected area, especially the buff er strip, for several decades Within the infected area, tree species that are susceptible to the disease were removed and and caring for the disease resistant trees so they trees that are resistant to it were planted. One grow into the large trees that are so important to component of the tree removal consisted of humans and wildlife. removing all, small and large, susceptible trees It will be many years before this patch of forest from a 50-foot buff er strip between the in- looks like it once did. In the meantime, those of fected area and the campsites. Th is eliminated us who love Silver Falls Campground can enjoy Disease resistant trees growing in the new openings. root-to-root contact and is expected to stop watching the healthy, disease-free trees grow into the spread of the disease. large pines for our children to enjoy. Cascade Lookout ■ 13 fter leaving the city of Leavenworth and sustaining. Th e goal is for the forest to once again Back to the driving through Tumwater Canyon, look resemble what it looked like prior to the last 100 Atowards the east as you drive towards years of fi re suppression. Fire exclusion altered the Stevens Pass on Highway 2. Th is area is known as forest composition by gradually allowing the sur- Future for a Natapoc Ridge. Th e Natapoc Ridge Forest Res- vival of species of vegetation that are not adapted toration Project is the District’s largest project for to fi re. 2007. It is comprised of 11,117 acres, with roughly Why is this important? Today, when we look Healthier Forest 4,500 acres proposed for treatments to reduce fuels at the Natapoc Ridge area, we see an increased and wildfi re risk. number and density of trees per acre, and a high by Susan Peterson By the time you read this, the Natapoc Ridge accumulation of fuels that did not exist a century Restoration Project’s Final Environmental Impact ago. Th is poses an increased risk of large scale wild- Statement (FEIS) will be released and implemen- fi re and a greater potential for trees to succumb to tation planning will begin. Th e proposed project disease or insect attack. objectives are to reduce the risk of wildfi re and to After much analysis, input from community and Natapoc Ridge viewed from the town of Plain improve forest health and sustainability. other groups, a plan was selected that would restore So why “Back to the forest health and reduce fuels and wildfi re risk in Future” for a healthier forest? the Natapoc area. Th e project may take up to 10 Th e Natapoc project incorpo- years for full implementation. rates changes that will allow For more information on the Natapoc Ridge the forest to retain more fi re project contact Steve Willet, project leader at tolerant species of plants, and 509-548-6977 ext.228 or visit the website at: build an ecosystem that is self- www.fs.fed.us/r6/wenatchee/projects/natapoc

weed is commonly defi ned as “a plant out which provides a crew of up to eight teenagers who Hypericum of place.” spend a day or two each year blitz-pulling Canada A Most weeds originated as native plants thistle and St. Johnswort from an old logging unit from some other part of the world. In their home- near the Alpine Lakes Wilderness Boundary. St. perforatum!! land they grew in balance with a host of other Johnswort is the mystery plant named in the title of organisms--insects, diseases, and other plant preda- this article…Hypericum perforatum. and other tors--which kept them in check. Without that On any given day this task seems overwhelm- natural check and balance system in place, European ing to the point of hopelessness, but after 16 years or Asian weed species can quickly invade North of weed eradication, trailheads have transformed Incantations American habitats and wreak havoc. A weed out of from being a sea of weeds to scattered plants control is not only prickly, but can displace impor- removed in an annual maintenance program. One by Susan Peterson tant components of native ecosystems--such as ren- thistle population at Eightmile Lake went from dering vegetation in deer winter range unpalatable. 996 robust stems the fi rst year, to just a few tiny For this reason, the Wenatchee River Ranger stragglers which have to be searched out and de- District manages an aggressive program of hand- stroyed each year. pulling weeds at wilderness trailheads, and, in a few Visitors can do their part, too, by being sure their instances deep within the wilderness. Th is daunting footwear and gear is free of dirt and plant mate- task is only made possible through the eff orts of rial before visiting the National Forest. Stock users volunteer partnerships and hard working wilder- can help by using weed free feed before and during ness rangers and botanists. Th e goal of the Forest their visit. Th ose who can identify weeds should feel Service is to prevent weeds from becoming estab- free to pull them and pack out any fl owering plants lished in wilderness and to eradicate them where so seeds can’t mature. Backcountry weed popula- they do grow outside of wilderness. tions can be reported to the Leavenworth Ranger Volunteer partners include interns from the Station-- preferably by marking their location on Student Conservation Association who spent three a map. Any service group interested in a volunteer full weeks hand pulling plants with names like weed-pulling project can call the district wilderness spotted cat’s ears, diff use knapweed, and Dalmatian manager at 509-548-6977. toadfl ax. Another willing partner is the Washington Weeds, be gone!! State University 4-H Forestry Education program,

his September, the Wenatchee River Salmon tional excellence from the National Association of Wenatchee River Festival has a special tale for you. Join us for Interpretation. Th is was possible because the festi- Tthe 17th year of this free weekend event, val takes people beyond just a bus tour or visiting a held September 22-23, 2007 in Leavenworth, site—visitors become involved in the festival. For Salmon Festival Washington. Because there are so many wonder- example, at the Kids in the Creek activity partici- ful stories about salmon and the natural world, this pants wear waders and spend time in Icicle Creek year’s theme is, “A Salmon’s Tale.” collecting, studying, identifying, and observing the Th e Wenatchee River Salmon Festival is located aquatic ecosystem with actual fi eld biologists who on the Leavenworth National Fish Hatchery’s make it not only interesting, but fun. beautiful campus, where it’s a perfect match for Visitors enjoy Salmon Festival and combine it providing high-quality resource education, pro- with a visit to the unique Bavarian-themed town moting outdoor recreation, and sharing the cul- of Leavenworth, (selected as the “Ultimate Holiday tural signifi cance of salmon with the people of Town USA” from the A&E Network) located just the Northwest. Th e festival appeals to every age a couple miles up the road from the festival. — from toddler to senior citizen — for the many Come and enjoy, learn and gain a better appre- entertaining activities, outstanding physical setting, ciation of our natural resource treasures, then relax and unique approach to connecting with nature. and admire the beauty of the mountains, clear blue Th e festival has received many awards for its skies, and sparkling river. environmental education quality and community For more information, swim over to the website involvement. In 2006, one of our favorite activities, at salmonfest.org 14 ■ Cascade Lookout “Kids in the Creek,” took the top honor for educa- he Naches Ranger District has teamed up Clear Creek Falls tumble down to Clear Creek with Federal Highways Administration to through cracks in the cliff s likely created by frost Presenting the Trehabilitate and upgrade the popular but wedging. Frost wedging is a weathering process neglected Clear Creek Falls Overlook just below where water seeps into cracks in the cliff then the summit of White Pass along Highway 12. freezes and thaws in a continuous daily cycle. Over NEW Clear Th e overlook functions as a rest area and inter- time, the power of expansion and contraction frac- pretive site which has unfortunately fallen into dis- tures rocks off the cliff into the pool and streambed repair over the years due to dwindling maintenance below. Creek Falls and repair funds. A grant from Federal Highways For inquisitive visitors, interpretive information Administration, together with the expertise of is posted along the trail. Some may catch a glimpse Overlook specialists at the Naches Ranger Station, will result of a resident falcon at this overlook since Peregrine in a fi rst-rate pit-stop for travelers passing through Falcons reside in the area and use the steep cliff by Kim Larned the Washington Cascades. faces as nesting sites. Similar in size to a crow, this Th e refurbished site will falcon is relatively stocky with provide an accessible restroom thin, tapered wings and a long and interpretive trail. Newly tail. designed parking will allow ac- A distinctive tree, Western cess to picnic tables and nearly larch, can also be found in eff ortless viewing of the impres- the area. Larch is a deciduous sive 300-foot falls. New safety conifer that loosed its needles fencing, nearly a ¼ mile of new in the autumn. Th eir bright barrier-free trail, improved traf- green color in the spring fi c fl ow, and a protective rock contrasts delicately with the wall will make this site more darker color of pine and fi r. In enjoyable for everyone to use. the fall, its needles turn a bril- Visitors to the overlook will liant yellow. Rotting cavities see Clear Creek Falls, Clear in older larch trees provide Creek, and down canyon views homes to songbirds, owls, fl y- of Rimrock Lake and the ing squirrels, and woodpeck- surrounding hillsides. Upper ers. Several varieties of grouse Clear Creek Falls is poised just eat larch buds and leaves. upstream from the main falls. Next time you fi nd yourself Th ese unique falls are among traveling over White Pass, a few in the state that have pull over, stretch your legs, horizontal as well as the familiar and enjoy this superior view- plunging attributes. point.

ext time you visit the Naches Ranger process began with discussions with on-site users District you may notice some improve- about activities that are causing habitat problems. When did that Nments in two popular areas—the Little Signs were also posted with notices explaining the Naches Road and the Nile Mill site. problem and requesting people to modify their Th e Forest Service is working on two restora- behavior. We have been monitoring use to see if Happen? tion projects aimed at protecting and enhancing conditions are improving at locations that had steelhead trout habitat. We are using a method resource damage. Fish Habitat Projects described as “bio-engineering” to accomplish these In the Nile Mill site, where the contacts and in- projects. Bio-engineering uses natural materials formational signs did not work, we began changing on the Naches and natural stream forming processes with the goal the access and availability of the recreation sites. of improving habitat quality. With help from Naches and Selah High School Ranger District Th e Little Naches Road #1900 Restoration Pro- students we began a fence building project in the ject will protect the road from eroding away by uti- fall of 2006. We planted shrubs and built several lizing bio-engineering methods. Above the South sections of buck and pole fence to keep vehicles by Karen S. Lindhorst Fork Little Naches Bridge there is a location where back from the stream bank and exclude vehicle and Fish Biologist the river is eroding its banks and has moved within ATV use in the wetland areas. Further restoration 10 feet of the road edge. Th is area is routinely been actions include buil- used by spawning steelhead trout and this habitat ding fence to allow needs to be preserved. stream bank vegeta- Preparation is underway to place many logs and tion to recover. Forest log jams in several locations along the riverbank to Service employees will direct the stream into some of the other available continue to talk with channels further from the road. Th is will allow the people recreating in same logs to aid in pool formation and provide the area and will con- hiding cover for fi sh and other aquatic organisms. tinue to monitor the We are attempting to avoid the use of more tradi- stream bank recovery. tional rip rap, rock barbs, or cement barriers as they So, the next time do not appear natural and fail to provide quality you visit the Naches habitat. Ranger District be Th e Nile Mill site meadow, near the intersection sure to look for the of the #1600, #1603 and #1611 roads, is a popular bio-engineering im- recreation site utilized by a variety of folks with provements that have diff ering recreation preferences. Annual problems occurred at the Little in managing this use include site expansion, stream Naches Road #1900 degradation, and vehicles being driven across and and at the Nile Mill in the stream (where migrating steelhead pass to site. spawn in upstream habitat). At this site the Forest Service has been wor- king on improving stream bank conditions. Th e Cascade Lookout ■ 15